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Journal articles on the topic 'Multiple of Three Word'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 2 February 2022

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1

Markova, Angelina. "On the nature of Bulgarian prefixes: Ordering and modification in multiple prefixation." Word Structure 4, no. 2 (2011): 244–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/word.2011.0013.

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The paper deals with multiple prefixation in Bulgarian and the linearization of the Bulgarian verbal prefixes. Following the basic intuition behind Baker's (1985) ‘Mirror Principle’, according to which syntax reflects morphology and vice versa, I propose that the linearization of the Bulgarian prefixes is syntactically driven. More precisely, and in order to describe the principles according to which prefixes are merged in syntax, I defend the existence of a universal hierarchy of functional projections, as in Cinque (1999) , according to which affixes are merged in order to check their featur

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Liu, Hongtao, Wenjun Wang, Qiyao Peng, Nannan Wu, Fangzhao Wu, and Pengfei Jiao. "Toward Comprehensive User and Item Representations via Three-tier Attention Network." ACM Transactions on Information Systems 39, no. 3 (2021): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3446341.

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Product reviews can provide rich information about the opinions users have of products. However, it is nontrivial to effectively infer user preference and item characteristics from reviews due to the complicated semantic understanding. Existing methods usually learn features for users and items from reviews in single static fashions and cannot fully capture user preference and item features. In this article, we propose a neural review-based recommendation approach that aims to learn comprehensive representations of users/items under a three-tier attention framework. We design a review encoder

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Peleg, Orna, Galia Ben-hur, and Osnat Segal. "Orthographic, Phonological, and Semantic Dynamics During Visual Word Recognition in Deaf Versus Hearing Adults." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 63, no. 7 (2020): 2334–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2020_jslhr-19-00285.

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Purpose Studies on reading in individuals with severe-to-profound hearing loss (deaf) raise the possibility that, due to deficient phonological coding, deaf individuals may rely more on orthographic–semantic links than on orthographic–phonological links. However, the relative contribution of phonological and semantic information to visual word recognition in deaf individuals was not directly assessed in these studies. The aim of the present study, therefore, was to examine the interplay between orthographic, phonological, and semantic representations during visual word recognition, in deaf ver

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van Gaal, Simon, Lionel Naccache, Julia D. I. Meuwese, et al. "Can the meaning of multiple words be integrated unconsciously?" Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 369, no. 1641 (2014): 20130212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2013.0212.

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What are the limits of unconscious language processing? Can language circuits process simple grammatical constructions unconsciously and integrate the meaning of several unseen words? Using behavioural priming and electroencephalography (EEG), we studied a specific rule-based linguistic operation traditionally thought to require conscious cognitive control: the negation of valence. In a masked priming paradigm, two masked words were successively (Experiment 1) or simultaneously presented (Experiment 2), a modifier (‘not’/‘very’) and an adjective (e.g. ‘good’/‘bad’), followed by a visible targe

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Brandstadter, Rachel, Michelle Fabian, Victoria M. Leavitt, et al. "Word-finding difficulty is a prevalent disease-related deficit in early multiple sclerosis." Multiple Sclerosis Journal 26, no. 13 (2019): 1752–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1352458519881760.

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Background: Persons with multiple sclerosis (MS) commonly report word-finding difficulty clinically, yet this language deficit remains underexplored. Objective: To investigate the prevalence and nature of word-finding difficulty in persons with early MS on three levels: patient report, cognitive substrates, and neuroimaging. Methods: Two samples of early MS patients ( n = 185 and n = 55; ⩽5 years diagnosed) and healthy controls ( n = 50) reported frequency/severity of cognitive deficits and underwent objective assessment with tasks of rapid automatized naming (RAN), measuring lexical access sp

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Czeizler, Elena. "Multiple constraints on three and four words." Theoretical Computer Science 391, no. 1-2 (2008): 14–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tcs.2007.10.026.

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M. Ralli, Asimina, and Julie E. Dockrell. "Real world word learning: Exploring the development of children’s lexical representations." Psychology: the Journal of the Hellenic Psychological Society 17, no. 1 (2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/psy_hps.23750.

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The ability to acquire new words draws on cognitive, linguistic and socialcompetencies. Assessments of lexical acquisition are often limited to studies using multiple choice comprehension measures in contrived experimental contexts. To address these limitations the current study assessed the ways in which children developed their semantic representations of animal and artefact terms. Children differed in their knowledge of the target terms and experienced different linguistic exposures over a four week period. One hundred and thirty preschool children (mean age = 5;6) were randomly assigned to

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Hidayat, Teo Mujibul, and Mu'man Mu'man. "THE WORD FORMATION PROCESS OF SLANG WORDS IN RICH BRIAN’S SONG TITLED DAT STICK." PROJECT (Professional Journal of English Education) 3, no. 4 (2020): 483. http://dx.doi.org/10.22460/project.v3i4.p483-488.

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The purposes of this research were to analyze the word formation process of slang words in Dat Stick song. Word formation is a change of words from old form to the new form. This research used descriptive method because the researcher described the word formation process of slang word in the song into the word or sentence in detail. This research used a documentation method to collect the data. The researcher used Yule (2010) theory to analyze the slang word. There are 10 types of word formation process which consist of coinage, borrowing, compounding, blending, clipping, and back-formation, c

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Zhao, Fuqiang, Zhengyu Zhu, and Ping Han. "A novel model for semantic similarity measurement based on wordnet and word embedding." Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems 40, no. 5 (2021): 9831–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jifs-202337.

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To measure semantic similarity between words, a novel model DFRVec that encodes multiple semantic information of a word in WordNet into a vector space is presented in this paper. Firstly, three different sub-models are proposed: 1) DefVec: encoding the definitions of a word in WordNet; 2) FormVec: encoding the part-of-speech (POS) of a word in WordNet; 3) RelVec: encoding the relations of a word in WordNet. Then by combining the three sub-models with an existing word embedding, the new model for generating the vector of a word is proposed. Finally, based on DFRVec and the path information in W

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MORINI, Giovanna, and Rochelle S. NEWMAN. "Dónde está la ball? Examining the effect of code switching on bilingual children's word recognition." Journal of Child Language 46, no. 6 (2019): 1238–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000919000400.

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AbstractHearing words in sentences facilitates word recognition in monolingual children. Many children grow up receiving input in multiple languages – including exposure to sentences that ‘mix’ the languages. We explored Spanish–English bilingual toddlers’ (n = 24) ability to identify familiar words in three conditions: (i) single word (ball!); (ii) same-language sentence (Where's the ball?); or (iii) mixed-language sentence (Dónde está la ball?). Children successfully identified words across conditions; however, the advantage linked to hearing words in sentences was present only in the same-l

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Hulme, Rachael C., and Jennifer M. Rodd. "Learning new word meanings from story reading: the benefit of immediate testing." PeerJ 9 (August 10, 2021): e11693. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.11693.

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This study investigated how word meanings can be learned from natural story reading. Three experiments with adult participants compared naturalistic incidental learning with intentional learning of new meanings for familiar words, and examined the role of immediate tests in maintaining memory of new word meanings. In Experiment 1, participants learned new meanings for familiar words through incidental (story reading) and intentional (definition training task) conditions. Memory was tested with cued recall of meanings and multiple-choice meaning-to-word matching immediately and 24 h later. Resu

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Behrens, Sarah, and Matthias Löwe. "Moderate Deviations for Word Counts in Biological Sequences." Journal of Applied Probability 46, no. 04 (2009): 1020–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021900200006112.

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We derive a moderate deviation principle for word counts (which is extended to counts of multiple patterns) in biological sequences under different models: independent and identically distributed letters, homogeneous Markov chains of order 1 and m, and, in view of the codon structure of DNA sequences, Markov chains with three different transition matrices. This enables us to approximate P-values for the number of word occurrences in DNA and protein sequences in a new manner.

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Behrens, Sarah, and Matthias Löwe. "Moderate Deviations for Word Counts in Biological Sequences." Journal of Applied Probability 46, no. 4 (2009): 1020–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1239/jap/1261670686.

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We derive a moderate deviation principle for word counts (which is extended to counts of multiple patterns) in biological sequences under different models: independent and identically distributed letters, homogeneous Markov chains of order 1 and m, and, in view of the codon structure of DNA sequences, Markov chains with three different transition matrices. This enables us to approximate P-values for the number of word occurrences in DNA and protein sequences in a new manner.

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Ionescu, Marcos D. "Sex Differences in Memory Estimates for Pictures and Words with Multiple Recall Trials." Psychological Reports 94, no. 2 (2004): 467–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.94.2.467-474.

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Undergraduate students (23 men and 23 women) provided memory performance estimates before and after each of three recall trials involving 80 stimuli (40 pictures and 40 words). No sex differences were found across trials for the total recall of items or for the recall of pictures and words separately. A significant increase in recall for pictures (not words) was found for both sexes across trials. The previous results of Ionescu were replicated on the first and second recall trials: men underestimated their performance on the pictures and women underestimated their performance on the word item

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Ribeiro, Eugénio, Ricardo Ribeiro, and David de Matos. "A Multilingual and Multidomain Study on Dialog Act Recognition Using Character-Level Tokenization." Information 10, no. 3 (2019): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info10030094.

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Automatic dialog act recognition is an important step for dialog systems since it reveals the intention behind the words uttered by its conversational partners. Although most approaches on the task use word-level tokenization, there is information at the sub-word level that is related to the function of the words and, consequently, their intention. Thus, in this study, we explored the use of character-level tokenization to capture that information. We explored the use of multiple character windows of different sizes to capture morphological aspects, such as affixes and lemmas, as well as inter

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Vitti, Emilia, Shannon Mauszycki, Lisa Bunker, and Julie Wambaugh. "Stability of Speech Intelligibility Measures Over Repeated Sampling Times in Speakers With Acquired Apraxia of Speech." American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology 30, no. 3S (2021): 1429–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2020_ajslp-20-00135.

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Purpose The purpose of this investigation was to measure the test–retest stability of single-word intelligibility in a group of 28 speakers with chronic apraxia of speech and aphasia. Method The Assessment of Intelligibility of Dysarthric Speech was administered twice to each participant, with samples separated by 1 week. Scoring of recorded samples was completed independently by three expert listeners using transcription and multiple-choice scoring formats. Results Percent intelligible words was very similar for the group over the two sampling times for both scoring formats (i.e., within 1.5%

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Aalayi, Z., T. Ahmadi Gatab, S. Sadeghi Afjeh, and N. Mesbah. "Simple and multiple relations between just and unjust word beliefs with psychological state." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (2011): 864. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)72569-x.

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Introduction and objectivesThe main purpose of this research was to investigate the simple and multiple relations between just (general and global) and unjust word beliefs with psychological state.MethodTo this goal, 319 participants selected with the use of multi-stage random sampling method from the total population. Questionnaires which used in this research were: General Just Word Belief Scale, Unjust Word Belief Scale and SCL-90-R Scale were used. Pearson's correlation coefficient and stepwise regression analysis method.ResultsWere used the results showed that there is negative significan

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LAXÉN, JANNIKA, and JEAN-MARC LAVAUR. "The role of semantics in translation recognition: effects of number of translations, dominance of translations and semantic relatedness of multiple translations." Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 13, no. 2 (2009): 157–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1366728909990472.

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This study aims to examine the influence of multiple translations of a word on bilingual processing in three translation recognition experiments during which French–English bilinguals had to decide whether two words were translations of each other or not. In the first experiment, words with only one translation were recognized as translations faster than words with multiple translations. Furthermore, when words were presented with their dominant translation, the recognition process was faster than when words were presented with their non-dominant translation. In Experiment 2, these effects wer

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Wang, Lei, and Qun Ai. "Numerical Simulation of Ambiguity Resolution in Multiple Information Streams Based on Network Machine Translation." Complexity 2020 (August 17, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/7278085.

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In natural language, the phenomenon of polysemy is widespread, which makes it very difficult for machines to process natural language. Word sense disambiguation is a key issue in the field of natural language processing. This paper introduces the more common statistical learning methods used in the field of word sense disambiguation. Using the naive Bayesian machine learning method and the feature vector set extracted and constructed by the Dice coefficient method, a semantic word disambiguation model based on semantics is realized. The results of comparative experiments show that the proposed

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Rodd, Jennifer M. "Settling Into Semantic Space: An Ambiguity-Focused Account of Word-Meaning Access." Perspectives on Psychological Science 15, no. 2 (2020): 411–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1745691619885860.

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Most words are ambiguous: Individual word forms (e.g., run) can map onto multiple different interpretations depending on their sentence context (e.g., the athlete/politician/river runs). Models of word-meaning access must therefore explain how listeners and readers can rapidly settle on a single, contextually appropriate meaning for each word that they encounter. I present a new account of word-meaning access that places semantic disambiguation at its core and integrates evidence from a wide variety of experimental approaches to explain this key aspect of language comprehension. The model has

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Schacter, Daniel L. "Priming and Multiple Memory Systems: Perceptual Mechanisms of Implicit Memory." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 4, no. 3 (1992): 244–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.1992.4.3.244.

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Research examining the relation between explicit and implicit forms of memory has generated a great deal of evidence concerning the issue of multiple memory systems. This article focuses on an extensively studied implicit memory phenomenon, known as direct or repetition priming, and examines the hypothesis that priming effects on various tasks reflect the operation of a perceptual representation system (PRS)—a class of cortically based subsystems that operate at a presemantic level and support non conscious expressions of memory. Three PRS subsystems are examined: visual word form, structural

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Jones, Taylor, and Christopher Hall. "Grammatical Reanalysis and the Multiple N-Words in African American English." American Speech 94, no. 4 (2019): 478–512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00031283-7611213.

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African American Vernacular English (AAVE) is developing a class of previously undescribed function words, facilitated by the semantic generalization of the word nigga. The authors demonstrate that nigga is unspecified for race, gender, or humanness. They argue that there are multiple n-words, fulfilling different grammatical and social functions. Using a variety of sources, they show that there are new pronouns in AAVE based on nigga—moreover, they pattern with pronouns, not imposters, with respect to binding, agreement, and theta-role assignment. Vocatives and honorics are also explored. The

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Webster, Penelope E., and Amy Solomon Plante. "Effects of Phonological Impairment on Word, Syllable, and Phoneme Segmentation and Reading." Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools 23, no. 2 (1992): 176–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/0161-1461.2302.176.

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The primary purpose of this study was to compare the phonological awareness ability of children with persistent phonological impairment to that of phonologically normal children. We also studied the impact of speech intelligibility on beginning reading skills. Eleven moderate to severely unintelligible children and 11 phonologically normal children between the ages of 6:5 (years:months) and 8:6 were administered four measures of phonological awareness and one measure of word recognition (reading) ability. Phonologically normal children scored significantly higher on three of the four phonologi

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GÜNTER, SIMON, and HORST BUNKE. "HANDWRITTEN WORD RECOGNITION USING CLASSIFIER ENSEMBLES GENERATED FROM MULTIPLE PROTOTYPES." International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence 18, no. 05 (2004): 957–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218001404003496.

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Handwritten text recognition is one of the most difficult problems in the field of pattern recognition. In this paper, we describe our efforts towards improving the performance of state-of-the-art handwriting recognition systems through the use of classifier ensembles. There are many examples of classification problems in the literature where multiple classifier systems increase the performance over single classifiers. Normally one of the two following approaches is used to create a multiple classifier system. (1) Several classifiers are developed completely independent of each other and combi

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S.-Y. Ng, Christine, Stephanie F. Stokes, and Mary Alt. "Successful Implicit Vocabulary Intervention for Three Cantonese-Speaking Toddlers: A Replicated Single-Case Design." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 63, no. 12 (2020): 4148–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2020_jslhr-20-00087.

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Purpose We report on a replicated single-case design study that measured the feasibility of an expressive vocabulary intervention for three Cantonese-speaking toddlers with small expressive lexicons relative to their age. The aim was to assess the cross-cultural and cross-linguistic feasibility of an intervention method developed for English-speaking children. Method A nonconcurrent multiple-baseline design was used with four baseline data points and 16 intervention sessions per participant. The intervention design incorporated implicit learning principles, high treatment dosage, and control o

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Liu, Feng-hsi. "Word order variation and ba sentences in Chinese." Studies in Language 31, no. 3 (2007): 649–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sl.31.3.05liu.

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Despite extensive research on ba sentences in Chinese, the issue of when ba sentences are used in discourse has received little attention. This study examines the word order variation involving ba sentences by comparing three word orders: the canonical postverbal form, the ba form, and the topicalized preposed form. I show that the choice of the ba form depends on multiple factors, including information status, weight and topicality. The ba form is more likely to be used under two conditions: (a) when the ba NP carries old information but is not highly topical, (b) when the ba NP carries new i

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Ziegler, Johannes C., Mireille Besson, Arthur M. Jacobs, Tatjana A. Nazir, and Thomas H. Carr. "Word, Pseudoword, and Nonword Processing: A Multitask Comparison Using Event-Related Brain Potentials." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 9, no. 6 (1997): 758–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.1997.9.6.758.

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Event-related brain potentials (ERPs) to words, pseudowords, and nonwords were recorded in three different tasks. A letter search task was used in Experiment 1. Performance was affected by whether the target letter occurred in a word, a pseudoword, or a random nonword. ERP results corroborated the behavioral results, showing small but reliable ERP differences between the three stimulus types. Words and pseudowords differed from nonwords at posterior sites, whereas words differed from pseudowords and nonwords at anterior sites. Since deciding whether the target letter was present or absent co-o

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Ehrhardt, Edit. "The word of the Muses (Plato, Rep. 8.546)." Classical Quarterly 36, no. 2 (1986): 407–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009838800012155.

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Ever since Proclus wrote his commentary on Plato's Republic, repeated attempts have been made to find a hidden number of cosmic significance in Rep. 8.546. For the Neo-Platonist it was natural to look for esoteric secrets in ancient works; among the men of the New Learning at the end of the Middle Ages there were enough astrologers and necromancers to ensure respect for the proposition; we are now again enamoured of irrationality. But the scholars who attempted such calculations around 1900 must have considered Plato himself a mystery-monger.In this article I propose: (i) to show why such atte

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Shanshan, Huang, and Wang Feng. "On the English Translation of Color Words in Tang Poetry." IRA International Journal of Education and Multidisciplinary Studies 15, no. 4 (2019): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.21013/jems.v15.n4.p3.

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<p>The color word “青” frequently appears in Tang poetry and is deeply loved by poets because of its ambiguity. However, the multiple meanings of “青" also bring difficulties to translation activities. What color does it mean? Thus, from the perspective of Relevance Theory, this study discusses the three basic meanings of the color word "青", taking as examples the misunderstood words that contain "青” in several classical poems by Li Bai. To achieve the accurate translation of the color word “青", the key is to achieve the optimal relevance, and thus the greatest contextual effect can be obt

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Palupi Robustin, Tri. "Attraction and Word Of Mouth In A Visit Decision." Jurnal Ilmu Manajemen Advantage 4, no. 1 (2020): 24–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.30741/adv.v4i1.604.

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The purpose of this study was to determine the partial and simultaneous influence between attractiveness and word of mouth on the decision to visit Watu Ulo Beach in Jember Regency. The purpose of this study is explanatory (explanatory research) and predictions where explanatory research is a type of research that explains the causal relationship between one variable with other variables through hypothesis testing. The research population is tourists visiting Watu Ulo Beach. The sampling technique used is purposive sampling. The analysis used in this study is a multivariate analysis, namely, m

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Filipovic-Djurdjevic, Dusica, and Aleksandar Kostic. "The effect of polysemy on processing of Serbian nouns." Psihologija 41, no. 1 (2008): 69–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/psi0801059f.

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It has been shown that while multiple unrelated meanings of a word (e.g. bank) increase processing latency, polysemy, that is multiple related word senses (e.g. paper) produce faster responses (Rodd, Gaskell & Marslen-Wilson, 2002; Klepousniotou, 2002). The goal of this study was to explore the effect of polysemy on word processing in Serbian. The outcomes of three lexical decision experiments have shown that polysemous words are processed faster. In addition, lemma frequency and number of related senses did not interact. Finally, a measure that combines lemma frequency and number of relat

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Polman, Chris H., Jerry S. Wolinsky, and Stephen C. Reingold. "Multiple sclerosis diagnostic criteria: three years later." Multiple Sclerosis Journal 11, no. 1 (2005): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/1352458505ms1135oa.

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New diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis (MS) were developed by an International Panel in 2001 and have had wide distribution and discussion since publication. These provided the first formal incorporation of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in a diagnosis work-up for patients suspected of having MS. The so-called McDonald criteria have been studied in retrospective and prospective analyses for sensitivity, specificity and utility, and have been proven to compare favourably or to be an improvement upon prior MS diagnostic criteria. The purpose of the current review is to present and eval

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Rivers, Kenyatta O., Linda J. Lombardino, and Cynthia K. Thompson. "Effects of Phonological Decoding Training on Children's Word Recognition of CVC, CV, and VC Structures." American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology 5, no. 1 (1996): 67–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1058-0360.0501.67.

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The effects of training in letter-sound correspondences and phonemic decoding (segmenting and blending skills) on three kindergartners' word recognition abilities were examined using a single-subject multiple-baseline design across behaviors and subjects. Whereas CVC pseudowords were trained, generalization to untrained CVC pseudowords, untrained CVC real words, untrained CV and VC pseudowords, and untrained CV and VC real words were assessed. Generalization occurred to all of the untrained constructions for two of the three subjects. The third subject did not show the same degree of generaliz

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Kornrumpf, Benthe, Florian Niefind, Werner Sommer, and Olaf Dimigen. "Neural Correlates of Word Recognition: A Systematic Comparison of Natural Reading and Rapid Serial Visual Presentation." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 28, no. 9 (2016): 1374–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_00977.

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Neural correlates of word recognition are commonly studied with (rapid) serial visual presentation (RSVP), a condition that eliminates three fundamental properties of natural reading: parafoveal preprocessing, saccade execution, and the fast changes in attentional processing load occurring from fixation to fixation. We combined eye-tracking and EEG to systematically investigate the impact of all three factors on brain-electric activity during reading. Participants read lists of words either actively with eye movements (eliciting fixation-related potentials) or maintained fixation while the tex

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Smith, E. D. "Supervision - What's in a word?" South African Journal of Physiotherapy 52, no. 4 (1996): 92–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajp.v52i4.622.

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The importance of supervision is highlighted and reference is made to the fact that a negative attitude, lack of training and lack of experience can seriously hamper the successful implementation of supervision. Supervision can be very challenging and stimulating and can improve to be a tremendous value to the manager, worker, patient, student and the organisation. There is much more to supervision than merely “overseeing” and it includes multiple aspects of personnel management which when executed well, can lead to quality services being rendered and job satisfaction. The diversity of roles r

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GÜNTER, SIMON, and HORST BUNKE. "MULTIPLE CLASSIFIER SYSTEMS IN OFFLINE HANDWRITTEN WORD RECOGNITION — ON THE INFLUENCE OF TRAINING SET AND VOCABULARY SIZE." International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence 18, no. 07 (2004): 1303–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218001404003678.

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Handwritten text recognition is one of the most difficult problems in the field of pattern recognition. Recently, a number of classifier creation methods, known as ensemble methods, have been proposed in the field of machine learning. It has been shown that these methods are able to substantially improve recognition performance in complex classification tasks. In this paper we examine the influence of the vocabulary size and the number of training samples on the performance of three ensemble methods in the context of handwritten word recognition. The experiments were conducted with two differe

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Lima, Marcos Felipe Rodrigues de, and Luciano Grüdtner Buratto. "Norms for Familiarity, Concreteness, Valence, Arousal, Wordlikeness, and Recall Accuracy for Swahili–Portuguese Word Pairs." SAGE Open 11, no. 1 (2021): 215824402098852. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2158244020988524.

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Normative studies are common in cognitive psychology because they allow us to estimate with more precision the attributes of the stimuli used in empirical studies. The studies reported here had four aims. The first three aims were to obtain estimates for (a) familiarity, concreteness, valence, and arousal for a single set of words in Brazilian Portuguese; (b) wordlikeness (similarity to Portuguese) of a set of foreign words (Swahili); and (c) recall accuracy of Swahili–Portuguese word pairs in a multitrial learning task. The fourth aim was to investigate if any of the assessed measures predict

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Erk, Katrin, Diana McCarthy, and Nicholas Gaylord. "Measuring Word Meaning in Context." Computational Linguistics 39, no. 3 (2013): 511–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/coli_a_00142.

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Word sense disambiguation (WSD) is an old and important task in computational linguistics that still remains challenging, to machines as well as to human annotators. Recently there have been several proposals for representing word meaning in context that diverge from the traditional use of a single best sense for each occurrence. They represent word meaning in context through multiple paraphrases, as points in vector space, or as distributions over latent senses. New methods of evaluating and comparing these different representations are needed. In this paper we propose two novel annotation sc

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Keel, Marie C., and David L. Gast. "Small-Group Instruction for Students with Learning Disabilities: Observational and Incidental Learning." Exceptional Children 58, no. 4 (1992): 357–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001440299205800408.

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This study evaluated the effectiveness and efficiency of constant time delay (a near errorless learning procedure) in a small-group instructional arrangement. Three fifth-grade students with learning disabilities were taught to recognize multisyllabic basal vocabulary words. A multiple-probe design across behaviors (word sets) was used to evaluate the procedure. Following instruction on each word set, students were assessed on their ability to recognize their own target words, recognize observational words, spell both target and observational words, and define both target and observational wor

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Kelty-Stephen, Damian G., Erik P. Raymakers, and Krista M. Matthews-Saugstad. "Prosody Improves Detection of Spoonerisms Versus Both Sensible and Nonsense Phrases." Language and Speech 61, no. 1 (2017): 71–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0023830917699441.

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Prosody is the pattern of inflection, pitch, and intensity that communicates emotional meaning above and beyond the individual meanings of lexical items and gestures during spoken language. Research has often addressed prosody extending most clearly across multiple speech chunks and carrying properties specific to individual speakers and individual intents. However, prosody exerts effects on intended meaning even for relatively brief speech streams with minimal syntactic cues. The present work seeks to test whether prosody may actually clarify the intended meaning of a two-word phrase even whe

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Joseph, Laurice M. "Effects of word boxes on phoneme segmentation, word identification, and spelling for a sample of children with autism." Child Language Teaching and Therapy 34, no. 3 (2018): 303–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265659018805236.

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The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of word boxes on the phoneme segmentation, word identification, and spelling performance of a sample of children with autism. Three children with autism were selected on the basis of similar performance on early literacy skills as measured by the Dynamic Indicators of Basic Early Literacy Skills (DIBELS) screening instrument. The word boxes is a method that involves students placing plastic letters into respective divided sections of a drawn rectangle (i.e., boxes) as each sound in a word is articulated. This method is designed to help child

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HILL, Margaret S., and Stacy A. WAGOVICH. "Word learning from context in school-age children: relations with language ability and executive function." Journal of Child Language 47, no. 5 (2020): 1006–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000919000989.

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AbstractPurpose: Although school-age children learn most new word meanings from surrounding context, the joint roles of language ability and executive function (EF) in the word learning process remain unclear. This study examined children's acquisition of word meanings from context in relation to oral language ability and three EF skills (working memory, inhibitory control, and cognitive flexibility). Method: Typically developing school-age children completed measures of language and EF, then read and listened to short stories containing unfamiliar target words. A multiple-choice pretest–postt

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Fatmawaty, Riryn, and Putri Ayu Anggraini. "AN ANALYSIS OF ENGLISH WORD FORMATION PROCESSES IN BEATS APART NOVEL BY ALANDA KARIZA AND KEVIN ADITYA." Jurnal ELink 6, no. 1 (2019): 164. http://dx.doi.org/10.30736/e-link.v6i1.125.

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This research discusses word formation process used in Beats Aparts novel By Alanda Kariza And Kevin Aditya. The aims to describe how are English word created and found out types of word formation processes. To analyze the data found the researchers applied English word formation in English morphology.This is qualitative descriptive research. The data were taken from Beats A parts novel By Alanda Kariza And Kevin Aditya. The main theory which was used in this research is taken from the book under the titleThe Study of Language,Third Edition byYule (2006). The result of this research showed tha

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El Malaki, Fatima Zahrae. "INFERENCING FAKE WORDS’ MEANING BY MOROCCAN EFL LEARNERS." International Journal of Applied Language Studies and Culture 3, no. 1 (2020): 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.34301/alsc.v3i1.25.

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Do Moroccan EFL learners depend on the context to infer the meaning of unknown words occurring in sentences? This study investigates the way intermediate and advanced learners infer the meaning of fake words. To this end, the subjects took a test consisting of 60 items with three multiple choices. Subjects were asked to provide appropriate, inappropriate meanings of the unknown word or none of the choices without using dictionaries. The Chi-2 tests were adopted to determine whether there is a) a statistically significant difference between the three categories and b) a statistically significan

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Brosh, Chelsi R., Jenny R. Root, Alicia F. Saunders, Fred Spooner, and Larry B. Fisher. "Embedding Literacy in Mathematics Problem Solving Instruction for Learners With Intellectual and Developmental Disability." Inclusion 6, no. 2 (2018): 81–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1352/2326-6988-6.2.81.

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AbstractAlthough solving word problems involves both literacy and mathematics skills, research to date has only targeted mathematical learning. This study sought to increase teaching efficiency by embedding literacy instruction within mathematical word problem solving instruction for three elementary students with intellectual and developmental disabilities. A multiple probe across participants design showed a functional relation between modified schema-based instruction (MSBI) and mathematical word problem solving. All participants increased knowledge of nontargeted literacy skills using inst

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Sharp, Emily, and Minyi Shih Dennis. "Model Drawing Strategy for Fraction Word Problem Solving of Fourth-Grade Students With Learning Disabilities." Remedial and Special Education 38, no. 3 (2017): 181–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0741932516678823.

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This study used a multiple probe across participants design to examine the effects of a model drawing strategy (MDS) intervention package on fraction comparing and ordering word problem–solving performance of three Grade 4 students. MDS is a form of cognitive strategy instruction for teaching word problem solving that includes explicit instruction in drawing bar diagrams to represent problem components. Results suggest the intervention package was effective for improving the fraction word problem solving of students with learning disabilities and that effects were maintained 2 and 4 weeks afte

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Amplayo, Reinald Kim, Seung-won Hwang, and Min Song. "AutoSense Model for Word Sense Induction." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 33 (July 17, 2019): 6212–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v33i01.33016212.

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Word sense induction (WSI), or the task of automatically discovering multiple senses or meanings of a word, has three main challenges: domain adaptability, novel sense detection, and sense granularity flexibility. While current latent variable models are known to solve the first two challenges, they are not flexible to different word sense granularities, which differ very much among words, from aardvark with one sense, to play with over 50 senses. Current models either require hyperparameter tuning or nonparametric induction of the number of senses, which we find both to be ineffective. Thus,

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THAUT, MICHAEL H., DAVID A. PETERSON, KIMBERLY M. SENA, and GERALD C. MCINTOSH. "MUSICAL STRUCTURE FACILITATES VERBAL LEARNING IN MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS." Music Perception 25, no. 4 (2008): 325–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/mp.2008.25.4.325.

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THERE IS GROWING EVIDENCE that the temporal patterns in music and rhythm can be a mediating stimulus to enhance cognitive function.We investigated here whether a musical template would influence verbal learning and memory performance in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). The patients were randomly divided into two groups, hearing either a spoken or musical (sung) presentation of Rey's Auditory Verbal Learning Test (AVLT). Patients in the music condition showed significantly better word order memory than patients in the spoken condition. The evidence suggests that music enhances word order

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Kritzinger, Jacobus P. K. "Three Love Stories, Three Caves, Three Suicides." Scrinium 13, no. 1 (2017): 159–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18177565-00131p14.

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In her commentary on Jerome’s Vita Malchi, in the section called ‘Literary form and texture’ Gray discusses the existing literature on which Jerome drew in composing Vita Malchi. She provides a detailed account of the sources and possible influences on Jerome under the headings Christian literature, biblical quotations and allusions, and secular literature. In a previous article, I have indicated multiple references and allusions to both classical sources and the Bible in this work of St Jerome. In this article the focus falls on a possible allusion to the story of Pyramus and Thisbe, a source

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Bishop, Malachy, Phillip D. Rumrill, and Richard T. Roessler. "Quality of life among people with multiple sclerosis: Replication of a three-factor prediction model." Work 52, no. 4 (2015): 757–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/wor-152203.

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