Academic literature on the topic 'Multiple Reward Sources'
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Journal articles on the topic "Multiple Reward Sources"
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Jauhar, S., L. Fortea, A. Solanes, A. Albajes-Eizagirre, P. J. McKenna, and J. Radua. "Brain activations associated with anticipation and delivery of monetary reward: A systematic review and meta-analysis of fMRI studies." PLOS ONE 16, no. 8 (2021): e0255292. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0255292.
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Background While multiple studies have examined the brain functional correlates of reward, meta-analyses have either focused on studies using the monetary incentive delay (MID) task, or have adopted a broad strategy, combining data from studies using both monetary and non-monetary reward, as probed using a wide range of tasks. Objective To meta-analyze fMRI studies that used monetary reward and in which there was a definable cue-reward contingency. Studies were limited to those using monetary reward in order to avoid potential heterogeneity from use of other rewards, especially social rewards. Studies using gambling or delay discounting tasks were excluded on the grounds that reward anticipation is not easily quantifiable. Study eligibility English-language fMRI studies (i) that reported fMRI findings on healthy adults; (ii) that used monetary reward; and (iii) in which a cue that was predictive of reward was compared to a no win (or lesser win) condition. Only voxel-based studies were included; those where brain coverage was incomplete were excluded. Data sources Ovid, Medline and PsycInfo, from 2000 to 2020, plus checking of review articles and meta-analyses. Data synthesis Data were pooled using Seed-based d Mapping with Permutation of Subject Images (SDM-PSI). Heterogeneity among studies was examined using the I2 statistic. Publication bias was examined using funnel plots and statistical examination of asymmetries. Moderator variables including whether the task was pre-learnt, sex distribution, amount of money won and width of smoothing kernel were examined. Results Pooled data from 45 studies of reward anticipation revealed activations in the ventral striatum, the middle cingulate cortex/supplementary motor area and the insula. Pooled data from 28 studies of reward delivery again revealed ventral striatal activation, plus cortical activations in the anterior and posterior cingulate cortex. There was relatively little evidence of publication bias. Among moderating variables, only whether the task was pre-learnt exerted an influence. Conclusions According to this meta-analysis monetary reward anticipation and delivery both activate the ventral but not the dorsal striatum, and are associated with different patterns of cortical activation.
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Foley, Nicholas C., Simon P. Kelly, Himanshu Mhatre, Manuel Lopes, and Jacqueline Gottlieb. "Parietal neurons encode expected gains in instrumental information." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 16 (2017): E3315—E3323. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1613844114.
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In natural behavior, animals have access to multiple sources of information, but only a few of these sources are relevant for learning and actions. Beyond choosing an appropriate action, making good decisions entails the ability to choose the relevant information, but fundamental questions remain about the brain’s information sampling policies. Recent studies described the neural correlates of seeking information about a reward, but it remains unknown whether, and how, neurons encode choices of instrumental information, in contexts in which the information guides subsequent actions. Here we show that parietal cortical neurons involved in oculomotor decisions encode, before an information sampling saccade, the reduction in uncertainty that the saccade is expected to bring for a subsequent action. These responses were distinct from the neurons’ visual and saccadic modulations and from signals of expected reward or reward prediction errors. Therefore, even in an instrumental context when information and reward gains are closely correlated, individual cells encode decision variables that are based on informational factors and can guide the active sampling of action-relevant cues.
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Lin, Zhongqiao, Chechang Nie, Yuanfeng Zhang, Yang Chen, and Tianming Yang. "Evidence accumulation for value computation in the prefrontal cortex during decision making." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 48 (2020): 30728–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2019077117.
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A key step of decision making is to determine the value associated with each option. The evaluation process often depends on the accumulation of evidence from multiple sources, which may arrive at different times. How evidence is accumulated for value computation in the brain during decision making has not been well studied. To address this problem, we trained rhesus monkeys to perform a decision-making task in which they had to make eye movement choices between two targets, whose reward probabilities had to be determined with the combined evidence from four sequentially presented visual stimuli. We studied the encoding of the reward probabilities associated with the stimuli and the eye movements in the orbitofrontal (OFC) and the dorsolateral prefrontal (DLPFC) cortices during the decision process. We found that the OFC neurons encoded the reward probability associated with individual pieces of evidence in the stimulus domain. Importantly, the representation of the reward probability in the OFC was transient, and the OFC did not encode the reward probability associated with the combined evidence from multiple stimuli. The computation of the combined reward probabilities was observed only in the DLPFC and only in the action domain. Furthermore, the reward probability encoding in the DLPFC exhibited an asymmetric pattern of mixed selectivity that supported the computation of the stimulus-to-action transition of reward information. Our results reveal that the OFC and the DLPFC play distinct roles in the value computation during evidence accumulation.
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Nugroho, Agung Dwi. "Pengaruh Reward dan Punishment terhadap Kinerja Karyawan PT Business Training and Empowering Management Surabaya." Jurnal Maksipreneur: Manajemen, Koperasi, dan Entrepreneurship 4, no. 2 (2015): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.30588/jmp.v4i2.100.
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<span><em>Human resources is one of the most important assets and have a direct impact </em><span><em>on an organization or agency should be supported source - other sources of </em><span><em>information. One way you can improve the performance of employees is through </em><span><em>employee development, namely the holding of reward and punishment. The research </em><span><em>problem is whether the reward and punishment influence simultaneously on the </em><span><em>performance of employees of PT Business Training And Empowering Management </em><span><em>Surabaya, whether rewrad and punisment partially affect the performance of employees </em><span><em>of PT Busines Training and Empowering Management Surabaya, and where the most </em><span><em>dominant influence between reward and punishment of performance. This study aims to </em><span><em>determine the effect of reward and punishment to employee performance and to </em><span><em>determine the most dominant pengaruyh the performance of employees of PT Business </em><span><em>Training And Management Empowering Surabaya. The test equipment used multiple </em><span><em>linear regression analysis with the help of analysis tools SPSS 17.0. From the results of </em><span><em>multiple linear regression analysis of the F test shows that the reward and punishment </em><span><em>simultaneously significant effect on employee performance. Partially reward (X</em><span><em>1</em><span><em>) and </em><span><em>punishment (X</em><span><em>2</em><span><em>) effect on the performance of employees of PT PT. Business and </em><span><em>Management Training Empowering Surabaya</em><span>.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br /></span></span></span></span></span></span>
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Nafiudin, Nafiudin, and Muhammad Raka Hermawan. "REWARD, PUNISHMENT DAN KINERJA KARYAWAN PADA KARYAWAN PT BANGUN BETON INDONESIA CILEGON." MANAJEMEN DEWANTARA 3, no. 2 (2019): 214. http://dx.doi.org/10.26460/md.v3i2.6011.
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This study aims to determine the effect of Reward and Punisment on employee performance in the Marketing Department of PT. Build Indonesian Cilegon Concrete. Data was collected through a questionnaire method for 30 employees as respondents who worked in the Marketing Department of PT. Build Cilegon Indonesia Concrete, the sample uses saturated samples. The research method uses quantitative methods, while the data sources used are primary and secondary data. The data collection technique uses 2 methods, namely questionnaire and literature study. The test used is a test of validity, reliability, and classical assumptions, with the analysis used is multiple regression.Y '= -2,171 + 0,13 X1 + 0,93 X2+ eThe results of the analysis of getting the independent variables have a significant effect on the dependent variable. The t test is known that the Reward value is 11.949, this shows the Reward variable has a positive effect on the performance variable. The Punishment tcount value was 14,514 which showed that the Punishment variable had a positive effect on performance. F test is known that the Fcount value is 102.392, which indicates that the independent variables together affect the dependent variable. Determination coefficient analysis obtained a value of 0.884 which means that the magnitude of the relationship of the independent variable to the dependent variable is 88.4%, the remaining 11.6% is influenced by other variables not examined in this study.Kata Kunci: Performance, Punishment, Reward
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Wada-Katsumata, Ayako, and Coby Schal. "Olfactory Learning Supports an Adaptive Sugar-Aversion Gustatory Phenotype in the German Cockroach." Insects 12, no. 8 (2021): 724. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects12080724.
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An association of food sources with odors prominently guides foraging behavior in animals. To understand the interaction of olfactory memory and food preferences, we used glucose-averse (GA) German cockroaches. Multiple populations of cockroaches evolved a gustatory polymorphism where glucose is perceived as a deterrent and enables GA cockroaches to avoid eating glucose-containing toxic baits. Comparative behavioral analysis using an operant conditioning paradigm revealed that learning and memory guide foraging decisions. Cockroaches learned to associate specific food odors with fructose (phagostimulant, reward) within only a 1 h conditioning session, and with caffeine (deterrent, punishment) after only three 1 h conditioning sessions. Glucose acted as reward in wild type (WT) cockroaches, but GA cockroaches learned to avoid an innately attractive odor that was associated with glucose. Olfactory memory was retained for at least 3 days after three 1 h conditioning sessions. Our results reveal that specific tastants can serve as potent reward or punishment in olfactory associative learning, which reinforces gustatory food preferences. Olfactory learning, therefore, reinforces behavioral resistance of GA cockroaches to sugar-containing toxic baits. Cockroaches may also generalize their olfactory learning to baits that contain the same or similar attractive odors even if they do not contain glucose.
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R, Dayanandan. "Effects of compensation on the job performance among hospital employees!! - a meta analysis." Journal of Management and Science 7, no. 4 (2017): 450–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.26524/jms.2017.68.
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Hospitals are considered as life saving institutions and the service quality through the better performance of employees is an essential parameter to serve thecustomers. To sustain within the competition and to achieve the competitive advantage, it is vital to focus on the attitudes and job performance of the employees. Failure to design appropriate compensation system will have unfavorable impact on productivity and job satisfaction and overall effectiveness of the hospital. Though compensation in terms of salary increment, reward, health insurance, workers compensation, retirement plan and paid holiday were applied in the study hospital, the effect of such compensation was not tested still. Hence, the aim of this paper is to assess the effect of compensation on job performance of hospital employees. In order to address the objective, both primary and secondary sources of data were used. The required data was collected from 206 employees identified through stratified random sampling technique. The data collected through questionnaire was analysed by SPSS ( version 21) and descriptive statistics such as frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation and inferential statistics such as onesample t-test, correlation and multiple linear regressions were used arrive the meaningful results. The findings show that 65% of the variance of the employee performance was significantly explained by three independent variables namely; compensation, salary and rewards. It is concluded that there is a significant effect of salary, reward and indirectcompensation on employee job performance in the hospital. It is recommended that hospital management needs to improve its compensation system time to tome and further studies to be conducted to investigate the strategies used to deal with the problems of employees recruitment and retention among others.
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Krakow, Elizabeth F., Michael Hemmer, Tao Wang, et al. "Tools for the Precision Medicine Era: How to Develop Highly Personalized Treatment Recommendations From Cohort and Registry Data Using Q-Learning." American Journal of Epidemiology 186, no. 2 (2017): 160–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwx027.
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Abstract Q-learning is a method of reinforcement learning that employs backwards stagewise estimation to identify sequences of actions that maximize some long-term reward. The method can be applied to sequential multiple-assignment randomized trials to develop personalized adaptive treatment strategies (ATSs)—longitudinal practice guidelines highly tailored to time-varying attributes of individual patients. Sometimes, the basis for choosing which ATSs to include in a sequential multiple-assignment randomized trial (or randomized controlled trial) may be inadequate. Nonrandomized data sources may inform the initial design of ATSs, which could later be prospectively validated. In this paper, we illustrate challenges involved in using nonrandomized data for this purpose with a case study from the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research registry (1995–2007) aimed at 1) determining whether the sequence of therapeutic classes used in graft-versus-host disease prophylaxis and in refractory graft-versus-host disease is associated with improved survival and 2) identifying donor and patient factors with which to guide individualized immunosuppressant selections over time. We discuss how to communicate the potential benefit derived from following an ATS at the population and subgroup levels and how to evaluate its robustness to modeling assumptions. This worked example may serve as a model for developing ATSs from registries and cohorts in oncology and other fields requiring sequential treatment decisions.
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Farahian, Majid, and Farshad Parhamnia. "Collaborative Climate and Knowledge Sharing among ESP Teachers: A Mixed Method Study." Journal of Language and Education 7, no. 2 (2021): 124–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/jle.2021.11921.
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Research on teacher collaboration emphasizes the key role of collaborative culture for teachers’ functioning; however, there is little empirical evidence to investigate its relationship with knowledge sharing among university ESP teachers. In the present study, the relationship between EFL teachers’ collaborative climate and knowledge sharing was sought. The data were collected through two surveys of 328 Iranian ESP teachers. A Pearson correlation was carried out to investigate the relationship between the two variables of the study. A multiple regression analysis was also run to examine if ESP teachers’ collaborative climate predicts their knowledge sharing. A follow-up interview with 13 ESP teachers was conducted to consolidate the findings and explore the contribution of teachers’ collaborative climate to their knowledge sharing. The Pearson correlation coefficient test demonstrated a significant positive correlation for four measures (organizational culture, the head of department, teachers’ attitude, workgroup support), and the collaborative climate. The results of the multiple regression also indicated that four subscales of collaborative climate were the predictors of ESP teachers’ attitude towards knowledge sharing. Analysis of the interview data, on the other hand, indicated how teachers’ collaborative climate contributes to their knowledge sharing through one of the four main sources, namely helpful atmosphere, encouragement received from the heads of departments, the expectation of reward, and work group support. In line with these findings, several practical recommendations were offered.
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Papantoni, Afroditi, and Kyle !Burger. "Increased Consumption of Sugar in Beverages Is Associated With Blunted Dopaminergic Brain Response to High Sugar Taste." Current Developments in Nutrition 5, Supplement_2 (2021): 914. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzab049_027.
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Abstract Objectives The 2020 dietary guidelines specifically recommended a decrease in sugar intake. Reward-related, brain-based models of overeating and obesity suggest that increased intake of highly palatable foods is linked to decreased dopaminergic (striatal and prefrontal) brain functioning. This reduction acts to increase consumption of food to achieve pleasure. Here, we examined whether increased dietary intake of sugar and fat would be associated with increased activation in reward-related brain regions during anticipation of a sugar sweetened beverage (SSB), but decreased activation during SSB receipt. Methods Young adults (n = 100, age = 21.8 ± 2.4 y, BMI = 23.3 ± 3.5, 70% female) underwent an fMRI scan examining brain responses to receipt of a SSB, a tasteless rinse, and response cue-induced anticipation of these tastes. The Block Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) was used to assess average dietary intake, % daily caloric intake from SSBs, sugar, sugar from SSBs and fat. These were correlated with whole-brain BOLD responses to SSB anticipation and receipt contrasts (e.g., SSB &gt; rinse). Significance was corrected for multiple comparisons; pFWE &lt; .05. Results Increased consumption of sugar calories from SSBs was correlated with decreased activity in regions associated with dopamine (posterior midbrain, dorsolateral/orbitofrontal cortices) and taste processing regions (postcentral gyrus) during receipt of SSB (&gt; rinse). Conclusions These results directly support previous research (Burger & Stice 2012; AJCN) demonstrating that increased consumption of highly palatable foods is associated with reduced dopaminergic brain response during consumption specifically of those foods. Critically, we demonstrate these effects with SSBs which are far more widely consumed. Our results were specific to increased intake of sugar calories from SSBs and not total calories from SSBs or total sugar calories, suggesting that added sugars in these beverages have the potential to lead to altered frontostriatal brain responses. Funding Sources NIDDK R01DK112317.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Multiple Reward Sources"
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Cleland, Benjamin George. "Reinforcement Learning for Racecar Control." The University of Waikato, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2507.
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This thesis investigates the use of reinforcement learning to learn to drive a racecar in the simulated environment of the Robot Automobile Racing Simulator. Real-life race driving is known to be difficult for humans, and expert human drivers use complex sequences of actions. There are a large number of variables, some of which change stochastically and all of which may affect the outcome. This makes driving a promising domain for testing and developing Machine Learning techniques that have the potential to be robust enough to work in the real world. Therefore the principles of the algorithms from this work may be applicable to a range of problems. The investigation starts by finding a suitable data structure to represent the information learnt. This is tested using supervised learning. Reinforcement learning is added and roughly tuned, and the supervised learning is then removed. A simple tabular representation is found satisfactory, and this avoids difficulties with more complex methods and allows the investigation to concentrate on the essentials of learning. Various reward sources are tested and a combination of three are found to produce the best performance. Exploration of the problem space is investigated. Results show exploration is essential but controlling how much is done is also important. It turns out the learning episodes need to be very long and because of this the task needs to be treated as continuous by using discounting to limit the size of the variables stored. Eligibility traces are used with success to make the learning more efficient. The tabular representation is made more compact by hashing and more accurate by using smaller buckets. This slows the learning but produces better driving. The improvement given by a rough form of generalisation indicates the replacement of the tabular method by a function approximator is warranted. These results show reinforcement learning can work within the Robot Automobile Racing Simulator, and lay the foundations for building a more efficient and competitive agent.
Books on the topic "Multiple Reward Sources"
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Wallin, Martin W., Georg von Krogh, and Jan Henrik Sieg. A Problem in the Making: How Firms Formulate Sharable Problems for Open Innovation Contests. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198816225.003.0006.
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Crowdsourcing in the form of innovation contests stimulates knowledge creation external to the firm by distributing technical, innovation-related problems to external solvers and by proposing a fixed monetary reward for solutions. While prior work demonstrates that innovation contests can generate solutions of value to the firm, little is known about how problems are formulated for such contests. We investigate problem formulation in a multiple exploratory case study of seven firms and inductively develop a theoretical framework that explains the mechanisms of formulating sharable problems for innovation contests. The chapter contributes to the literatures on crowdsourcing and open innovation by providing a rare account of the intra-organizational implications of engaging in innovation contests and by providing initial clues to problem formulation—a critical antecedent to firms’ ability to leverage external sources of innovation.
Book chapters on the topic "Multiple Reward Sources"
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Frank, Michael J. "Computational Cognitive Neuroscience Approaches to Deconstructing Mental Function and Dysfunction." In Computational Psychiatry. The MIT Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/9780262035422.003.0006.
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Advances in our understanding of brain function and dysfunction require the integration of heterogeneous sources of data across multiple levels of analysis, from biophysics to cognition and back. This chapter reviews the utility of computational neuroscience approaches across these levels and how they have advanced our understanding of multiple constructs relevant for mental illness, including working memory, reward-based decision making, model-free and model-based reinforcement learning, exploration versus exploitation, Pavlovian contributions to motivated behavior, inhibitory control, and social interactions. The computational framework formalizes these processes, providing quantitative and falsifiable predictions. It also affords a characterization of mental illnesses not in terms of overall deficit but rather in terms of aberrations in managing fundamental trade-offs inherent within healthy cognitive processing.
Conference papers on the topic "Multiple Reward Sources"
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Sirin, Göknur, Torgeir Welo, Bernard Yannou, and Eric Landel. "Value Creation in Collaborative Analysis Model Development Processes." In ASME 2014 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2014-34696.
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Integration and coordination of engineering analysis model is a vast development field in the context of complex product development. Engineers’ siloed way of working in combination with lack of efficiency in current model development process may cause inconsistency based on model interfaces, human errors, miscommunication between teams and misinterpretations. In lean terms, this may create multiple wastes, including waiting, overproduction leading to excess inventory, unnecessary processing and may be the most harmful: defects (e.g., incorrect models) with rework consequences. Hence, product manufacturing companies must establish effective processes to add value throughout the multidisciplinary distributed modeling environment. The goal of this paper is to propose a pull-control model development process, providing model architecture integration and coherent control in early design phase. This paper proposes also an appropriate reuse strategy; this allows for utilizing plug-and-play type modular product models managed through a single-source of authority concept. A pull-control development process helps prevent potential rework arising from inconsistencies related to definitions, know-how and stakeholders communication at an early stage of the design process. Also, the proposed black box models reuse strategy helps reduce human-related error such as lack of domain knowledge, experience and misinterpretations. The proposed method is used to identify and visualize potential improvement in terms of increased model transparency and reuse when transforming from the present to the suggested future modeling strategy. The research has been conducted by synthesizing findings from a literature review, in combination with observations and analysis of current analysis model development practices within the automotive OEM Renault in France.
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Liang, Tao, David M. Cannon, and Larry J. Leifer. "Augmenting a Design Capture and Reuse System Based on Direct Observations of Usage." In ASME 1998 Design Engineering Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc98/dtm-5674.
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Abstract In this paper, we describe recent experimental results from an ongoing design knowledge capture and reuse project. In the past several years, an increasing amount of the design work in the ME210 design course at Stanford, in which teams work for 30 weeks on industrially-sponsored real-world projects, has been captured in electronic format. This design information consists of design notes, drawings, reports, slide presentations, emails, vendor references, and even, in some cases, summaries of phone conversations, meeting minutes, and the like. The large corpus of captured information from the period of 1994 to 1996 was made available to the teams working on projects during the 1996–1997 academic year. A variety of filing and indexing schemes were used to organize the past data and help the teams sift through it. Because the data was all made available over a web server, we were able to collect information on access to it. We have thus had a chance to learn from studying the usage of a large body of captured design knowledge. Results from our analysis suggest that there were significant under-utilization of design work of others: there was only 8% access to past works, vs. 92% to the current year’s; and, there was only 15% access to design project-specific information, vs. 85% on logistic resources information. Important lessons have guided our efforts to improve the effectiveness of that usage based on what we’ve learned. These lessons include: • Informal design information is more useful to a broader audience when it is contextualized. We have put in place a capture system that makes it possible for students to add context to any information that’s been captured, and also specific reward structure, encouraging engineers to store, contextualize, and reuse captured design information. Preliminary observations suggest that this is worth the investment for a project as a whole. • It is important to accommodate a heterogeneous computing environment, both for capture and reuse; to support multiple methods for finding information; and to provide a uniform, well-behaved way of displaying archived documents. • In explaining our observations of varying levels of success in design capture systems, we have identified some patterns of enquiry and retrieval usage that are analogous to the patterns seen in library usage. Thus we identify library science as a valuable source of knowledge that until now has been under used by the design community.
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Stein, Dan, Victor Hernandez, and Mary Ann Nailos. "XRF Correlation of Board Reseats Due to Intermittent Failures from the Use of Thin Gold Plating finish on the Contact Fingers." In ISTFA 2003. ASM International, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2003p0125.
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Abstract This paper correlates the reseat failure rates of a PCI option card to the use of thin gold plating across the contact fingers. This failure mechanism results in increased contact resistance and is often misdiagnosed due to its intermittent failure mode. As many new manufactures appear in Asia, the push for global competitiveness to achieve high volume and reduced costs can result in insufficient plating finishes being applied to the contact fingers. Compounding this problem is the fact the many companies use multiple raw board suppliers to meet these volume requirements. Many times the end user of the option card is unaware of the wide variation in contact plating thickness that may be present from one raw board source to another. Intermittent failures are one of the most common defects experienced in high volume assembly. Unless properly diagnosed, these failures can be attributed to finger debris, rework flux, solder paste contamination and even connector related issues. The typical fix, whether approved by the process or not, is for the manufacturing assembler to reseat all of the option cards and memory into the Motherboard connector sockets. Unless the proper troubleshooting approach is followed, isolating the true root cause of the actual failure can be missed. The difficulty in identifying the reseat problem is compounded by the fact that the failures are often intermittent in nature. While reseating may temporarily achieve sufficient mating between the board’s contact fingers and the connector contacts, it provides no long term fix. These unnecessary reseats also reduce the long-term durability of already thin plating affecting customer satisfaction and warranty costs. In the paper, we will expand on the theory behind the XRF plating thickness testing, including: • System theory • Test calibration • Part orientation • Test measurement criteria Additional analysis of metallurgical cross-sectioning was performed to correlate the XRF test readings to the actual plated layers. The measurements were completed by use of a SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy).
Reports on the topic "Multiple Reward Sources"
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Shelton, Christian R. Balancing Multiple Sources of Reward in Reinforcement Learning. Defense Technical Information Center, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada454702.
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