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Journal articles on the topic 'Multiple sources of evidences'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Yang, Jian-Ping, Hong-Zhong Huang, Yu Liu, and Yan-Feng Li. "Quantification Classification Algorithm of Multiple Sources of Evidence." International Journal of Information Technology & Decision Making 14, no. 05 (2015): 1017–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219622014500242.

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Although Dempster–Shafer (D–S) evidence theory and its reasoning mechanism can deal with imprecise and uncertain information by combining cumulative evidences for changing prior opinions of new evidences, there is a deficiency in applying classical D–S evidence theory combination rule when conflict evidence appear — conflict evidence causes counter-intuitive results. To address this issue, alternative combination rules have been proposed for resolving the appeared conflicts of evidence. An underlying assumption is that conflict evidences exist, which, however, is not always true. Moreover, it has been verified that conflict factors may not be accurate to characterize the degree of conflict. Instead, the Jousselme distance has been regarded as a quantification criterion for the degree of conflict because of its promising properties. To avoid the counter-intuitive results, multiple sources of evidence should be classified first. This paper proposes a novel algorithm to quantify the classification of multiple sources of evidence based on a core vector method, and the algorithm is further verified by two examples. This study also explores the relationship between complementary information and conflicting evidence and discusses the stochastic interpretation of basic probability assignment functions.

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Levasseur, Sylvain, Jean-Louis Birck, and Claude J. Allègre. "Osmium isotopic composition of corals: evidences for multiple sources." Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 63, no. 9 (1999): 1335–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-7037(99)00017-4.

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3

Normand, Sharon-Lise T. "Multiple Outcomes and Multiple Sources of Evidence." Circulation: Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes 4, no. 6 (2011): 579–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/circoutcomes.111.963751.

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Khanuja, Harmeet Kaur, and Dr D. S. Adane. "Forensic Analysis of Databases by Combining Multiple Evidences." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTERS & TECHNOLOGY 7, no. 3 (2013): 654–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/ijct.v7i3.3446.

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The information security for securing enterprise databases from internal and external attacks and violations of mutual policy is an interminable struggle. With the growing number of attacks and frauds, the organizations are finding it difficult to meet various regulatory compliance requirements such as SOX, HIPAA, and state privacy laws. The aim here is to develop a methodology which monitors the database transactions on continuous basis and to make a decision whether the database transactions are legitimate or suspicious by combining multiple evidences gathered. The suspicious transactions can then be used for forensic analysis to reconstruct the illegal activity carried out in an organization. This can be achieved by incorporating information accountability in Database Management System. Information accountability means, the information usage should be transparent so that it is possible to determine whether a use is appropriate under a given set of rules. We focus on effective information accountability of data stored in high-performance databases through database forensics which collects and analyses database transactions collected through various sources and artifacts like data cache, log files, error logs etc. having volatile or non-volatile characteristics within high performance databases. The information and multiple evidences collected are then analyzed using an Extended Dempster-Shafer theory(EDST). It Â combines multiple such evidences and an initial belief is computed for suspected transactions which can be further used for reconstructing the activity in database forensics process.

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Vlad, Daciana. "Mărturii asupra vârcolacului în cultura tradițioanlă." Anuarul Muzeului Etnograif al Transilvaniei 31 (December 20, 2017): 156–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.47802/amet.2017.31.06.

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The werewolf is, in the Romanian mitology, an extraordinary being, a demon who swallows the Sun and the Moon, thus causing eclipses. Multiple representations of this creature, such as regular animals (wolves and dogs) or even fantastic beings (dragons) have led to a mistery concerning the demon's appearance. The werewolf is the embodiment of evil, which disturbs the order of the world, and any deviation from a community can lead to one becoming a werewolf. So, werewolves, like ghouls, can appear from different sources: unnamed children, malformed children, kin-slayers, even an action that is contrary to a tradition can create a werewolf. A man will become a werewolf during an eclipse and most of the time, it's his soul that will ascend to the sky and devour the Sun and the Moon. If the bond between the soul and the body is broken during this transformation, the soul is lost forever.

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Sun, Jia Ze, Guo Hua Geng, and Xiao Ying Pan. "D-S Algorithm Based on SCO for Matching Fragments." Applied Mechanics and Materials 411-414 (September 2013): 1876–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.411-414.1876.

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The Dempster-Shafer (D-S) evidence theory is an effective method for uncertain information fusion. Because multiple evidences from different sources of different importance or reliability in the reassembling fractured 3D objects are not equally important when they are combined. This paper presents a social cognitive optimization algorithm (SCO) to generate optimal evidence weight values based on historical training data. In the algorithm, a constrained nonlinear optimized model is established, which is solved by SCO. Compared with the two methods, optimization weight D-S proves more effective than the traditional D-S.

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Allen, J. E. "Computational Gene Prediction Using Multiple Sources of Evidence." Genome Research 14, no. 1 (2003): 142–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/gr.1562804.

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Argintaru, D., C. Besliu, A. Jipa, M. Calin, and T. Esanu. "Some evidences of multiple particle sources from nuclear matter jets in He+AT collisions at relativistic energies." Indian Journal of Physics 85, no. 7 (2011): 1169–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12648-011-0117-4.

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Lameira, Valdir, Fabiana Alcântara, Dino Chiappori, and Roberto Pereira. "RENEWABLE ENERGIES AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT: EVIDENCES OF STUDY IN PANEL." Brazilian Journal of Operations & Production Management 13, no. 2 (2016): 208. http://dx.doi.org/10.14488/bjopm.2016.v13.n2.a7.

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The concerns with sustainability in environmental and social realm led to an expressive increase in generation of energy of renewable sources in last years. This paper addresses an investigation on possible associations between the increase of renewable energies generation and the economic and financial performance indicators of countries. The multiple linear regressions method is applied to a data panel of the period from 2005 to 2008, in 54 countries. The outcomes point to an association between higher generation of renewable energies and lower GDP growths, higher per capita income and higher investments in gross fixed capital formation, besides other interesting associations.

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RUSSELL, S. S., J. W. ARDEN, and C. T. PILLINGER. "Evidence for Multiple Sources of Diamond from Primitive Chondrites." Science 254, no. 5035 (1991): 1188–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.254.5035.1188.

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Rouet, Jean-François, M. Anne Britt, Robert A. Mason, and Charles A. Perfetti. "Using multiple sources of evidence to reason about history." Journal of Educational Psychology 88, no. 3 (1996): 478–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.88.3.478.

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Graham, Steve, and Karen R. Harris. "Evidence-based writing practices: Drawing recommendations from multiple sources." British Journal of Educational Psychology 2, no. 6 (2009): 95–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1348/000709909x421928.

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Yang, Kiduk. "Combining Multiple Sources of Evidenceto Enhance Web Search Performance." Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society 45, no. 3 (2014): 5–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.16981/kliss.45.3.201409.5.

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Lee, Gi-Kil. "Multiple sources of the archaeological evidences from the Sinbuk Upper Paleolithic site and their relation in the Northeast Asia." Journal of Korean Palaeolithic Society 43 (June 30, 2021): 49–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.52954/kps.2021.1.43.49.

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Anand, Sarabjot Singh, Arshad Jhumka, and Kimberley Wade. "Towards the Ordering of Events from Multiple Textual Evidence Sources." International Journal of Digital Crime and Forensics 3, no. 2 (2011): 16–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jdcf.2011040102.

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In any criminal investigation, two important problems have to be addressed: (1) integration of multiple data sources to build a concise picture of the events leading up to and/or during the execution of a crime, and (2) determining the order in which these events occurred. This paper focuses on the integration of multiple textual data sources, each providing a recollection of events observed by eyewitnesses. From these textual documents, using text mining and natural language processing techniques the authors identify events (across the document corpus) associated with the crime and infer temporal relationships between these events to create a (partial) ordering of the events. The authors evaluate their method on data collected through a mock eyewitness task.

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Guo, Jing, Mårten Hammar, Lisa Öberg, Shanmukha S. Padmanabhuni, Marcus Bjäreland, and Daniel Dalevi. "Combining Evidence of Preferential Gene-Tissue Relationships from Multiple Sources." PLoS ONE 8, no. 8 (2013): e70568. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0070568.

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Allen, J. E., and S. L. Salzberg. "JIGSAW: integration of multiple sources of evidence for gene prediction." Bioinformatics 21, no. 18 (2005): 3596–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/bti609.

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Mahdabi, Parvaz, and Fabio Crestani. "Patent Query Formulation by Synthesizing Multiple Sources of Relevance Evidence." ACM Transactions on Information Systems 32, no. 4 (2014): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2651363.

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Savoy, Jacques. "Searching information in hypertext systems using multiple sources of evidence." International Journal of Man-Machine Studies 38, no. 6 (1993): 1017–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/imms.1993.1047.

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Sathiya, B., and T. V. Geetha. "Automatic Ontology Learning from Multiple Knowledge Sources of Text." International Journal of Intelligent Information Technologies 14, no. 2 (2018): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijiit.2018040101.

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The prime textual sources used for ontology learning are a domain corpus and dynamic large text from web pages. The first source is limited and possibly outdated, while the second is uncertain. To overcome these shortcomings, a novel ontology learning methodology is proposed to utilize the different sources of text such as a corpus, web pages and the massive probabilistic knowledge base, Probase, for an effective automated construction of ontology. Specifically, to discover taxonomical relations among the concept of the ontology, a new web page based two-level semantic query formation methodology using the lexical syntactic patterns (LSP) and a novel scoring measure: Fitness built on Probase are proposed. Also, a syntactic and statistical measure called COS (Co-occurrence Strength) scoring, and Domain and Range-NTRD (Non-Taxonomical Relation Discovery) algorithms are proposed to accurately identify non-taxonomical relations(NTR) among concepts, using evidence from the corpus and web pages.

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Vazifedoost, Alireza, Maseud Rahgozar, Behzad Moshiri, et al. "Using data fusion for scoring reliability of protein–protein interactions." Journal of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology 12, no. 04 (2014): 1450014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219720014500140.

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Protein–protein interactions (PPIs) are important for understanding the cellular mechanisms of biological functions, but the reliability of PPIs extracted by high-throughput assays is known to be low. To address this, many current methods use multiple evidence from different sources of information to compute reliability scores for such PPIs. However, they often combine the evidence without taking into account the uncertainty of the evidence values, potential dependencies between the information sources used and missing values from some information sources. We propose to formulate the task of scoring PPIs using multiple information sources as a multi-criteria decision making problem that can be solved using data fusion to model potential interactions between the multiple information sources. Using data fusion, the amount of contribution from each information source can be proportioned accordingly to systematically score the reliability of PPIs. Our experimental results showed that the reliability scores assigned by our data fusion method can effectively classify highly reliable PPIs from multiple information sources, with substantial improvement in scoring over conventional approach such as the Adjust CD-Distance approach. In addition, the underlying interactions between the information sources used, as well as their relative importance, can also be determined with our data fusion approach. We also showed that such knowledge can be used to effectively handle missing values from information sources.

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McKendree, Melissa G. S., Glynn T. Tonsor, and Lee L. Schulz. "Management of Multiple Sources of Risk in Livestock Production." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 53, no. 1 (2021): 75–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aae.2020.31.

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AbstractFirm operators continually manage multiple sources of risk. In an application to cattle feedlot operations, our objective is to determine if producers view output price and animal health risks separately or jointly. We conduct a survey with a choice experiment placing operators in forward looking, decision-making scenarios, and capture information on past risk management approaches. Evidence regarding a relationship between animal health and output price risk mitigation is mixed and depends on the decision being made. Combined, these results provide new insight into how managers approach multiple risks when facing resource constraints.

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Reagon, Carly, Wyn Bellin, and Gail Boniface. "Challenging the Dominant Voice: The Multiple Evidence Sources of Occupational Therapy." British Journal of Occupational Therapy 73, no. 6 (2010): 284–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4276/030802210x12759925469069.

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Wilson, Michael J., Andrew Hurst, Anne D. Wilkins, Lyudmyla Wilson, and Leon Bowen. "Mineralogical evidence for multiple dust sources in an early Triassic loessite." Sedimentology 67, no. 1 (2019): 239–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/sed.12641.

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Prieve, Beth A., and Paul J. Abbas. "Stimulus frequency otoacoustic emissions: Evidence for multiple sources in the cochlea." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 85, S1 (1989): S68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.2027095.

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Oikonomou, A., J. Henderson, M. Gnade, S. Chenery, and N. Zacharias. "An archaeometric study of Hellenistic glass vessels: evidence for multiple sources." Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences 10, no. 1 (2016): 97–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12520-016-0336-x.

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Daly, Sean W., Jeremy Lowe, Gracie M. Hornsby, and Angela R. Harris. "Multiple water source use in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review." Journal of Water and Health 19, no. 3 (2021): 370–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2021.205.

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Abstract The Joint Monitoring Programme (JMP) 2017 Update and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Baselines report classified 71% of the global population as having access to ‘safely managed’ drinking water. Current global monitoring efforts to track access to safely managed drinking water rely on collecting information on the ‘primary’ source of drinking water. However, there is evidence that households often rely on multiple sources to meet their water needs in many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This systematic review was designed to compile the literature related to the practice of multiple water source use (MWSU) for drinking water in LMICs. A total of 5,318 studies were collected, and after abstract and full-text review, 74 articles were identified for inclusion. Studies reviewed reported from 4 to 100% of the study populations practicing MWSU. Additionally, the practice of supplemental unimproved source use was reported globally, representing households with improved primary source water also accessing unimproved water sources throughout the year. These findings expose gaps in current global water monitoring efforts, revealing potential inflation of reports of ‘safe drinking water access’ and unaccounted exposure to drinking water from unimproved sources.

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Saaidi, Afaf, Delphine Allouche, Mireille Regnier, Bruno Sargueil, and Yann Ponty. "IPANEMAP: integrative probing analysis of nucleic acids empowered by multiple accessibility profiles." Nucleic Acids Research 48, no. 15 (2020): 8276–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkaa607.

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Abstract The manual production of reliable RNA structure models from chemical probing experiments benefits from the integration of information derived from multiple protocols and reagents. However, the interpretation of multiple probing profiles remains a complex task, hindering the quality and reproducibility of modeling efforts. We introduce IPANEMAP, the first automated method for the modeling of RNA structure from multiple probing reactivity profiles. Input profiles can result from experiments based on diverse protocols, reagents, or collection of variants, and are jointly analyzed to predict the dominant conformations of an RNA. IPANEMAP combines sampling, clustering and multi-optimization, to produce secondary structure models that are both stable and well-supported by experimental evidences. The analysis of multiple reactivity profiles, both publicly available and produced in our study, demonstrates the good performances of IPANEMAP, even in a mono probing setting. It confirms the potential of integrating multiple sources of probing data, informing the design of informative probing assays.

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Tu, Ming, Kevin Huang, Guangtao Wang, Jing Huang, Xiaodong He, and Bowen Zhou. "Select, Answer and Explain: Interpretable Multi-Hop Reading Comprehension over Multiple Documents." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 34, no. 05 (2020): 9073–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v34i05.6441.

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Interpretable multi-hop reading comprehension (RC) over multiple documents is a challenging problem because it demands reasoning over multiple information sources and explaining the answer prediction by providing supporting evidences. In this paper, we propose an effective and interpretable Select, Answer and Explain (SAE) system to solve the multi-document RC problem. Our system first filters out answer-unrelated documents and thus reduce the amount of distraction information. This is achieved by a document classifier trained with a novel pairwise learning-to-rank loss. The selected answer-related documents are then input to a model to jointly predict the answer and supporting sentences. The model is optimized with a multi-task learning objective on both token level for answer prediction and sentence level for supporting sentences prediction, together with an attention-based interaction between these two tasks. Evaluated on HotpotQA, a challenging multi-hop RC data set, the proposed SAE system achieves top competitive performance in distractor setting compared to other existing systems on the leaderboard.

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Marrie, Ruth Ann, and Christina Wolfson. "Multiple Sclerosis and Epstein-Barr Virus." Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases 13, no. 2 (2002): 111–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2002/745764.

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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the epidemiological evidence for an etiological role of Epstein-Barr virus in multiple sclerosis (MS).DATA SOURCES: MEDLINE and Cochrane Library searches of the medical literature identified 24 studies.DATA EXTRACTION: Studies were categorized as seroepidemiological, case-control or historical cohort, and were then classified within each group according to methodological rigour using criteria derived from published guidelines for the epidemiological study of MS.DATA SYNTHESIS: There was significant variability in the quality of evidence, and while two well-designed cohort studies found increased relative risks of MS in subjects with infectious mononucleosis, results from other studies were unconvincing.CONCLUSIONS: The evidence was insufficient to accept or reject the hypothesis that Epstein-Barr virus has an etiological role in MS. Further study, ideally using large samples of incident cases with blinded, trained interviewers using confirmatory sources for recalled data, is needed.

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Sizaret, Stanislas, Eric Marcoux, Alice Boyce, Michel Jebrak, Roos Stevenson, and Rob Ellam. "Isotopic (S, Sr, Sm/Nd, D, Pb) evidences for multiple sources in the Early Jurassic Chaillac F-Ba ore deposit (Indre, France)." Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France 180, no. 2 (2009): 83–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gssgfbull.180.2.83.

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AbstractDuring the earliest Jurassic, a widespread hydrothermal event occurred in western Europe producing large veins and stratiform F-Ba-Pb-Zn ore deposits. Previous work argued about genetic processes involving circulation of mineralising brines. Two main alternative genetic models are proposed. The first one proposes a convection of brines through the crust to produce ore deposits, the second an early infiltration of brine in the basement followed by expulsion during Mesozoic extension. In the northern French Massif Central, new data on the F-Ba Chaillac deposit suggest that the genesis of these mineralising brines requires a new discussion.Located in the northern French Massif Central, the Chaillac barite and fluorite ore deposit is an exceptional site where a stratiform deposit is rooted onto a vein. The ore deposition is split in two stages: 1) precipitation of green and purple fluorite within the vein (Fg-p stage), with associated fluid inclusions indicating 135°C for deposition from a low salinity fluid, and 2) yellow fluorite and barite stage (Fy-Ba) filling the vein and forming the stratiform deposit. Fluid inclusions depict a mineralising brine at 110°C. The 87Sr/86Sr and 143Nd/144Nd isotopic ratios measured in the fluorite are compared to those of French Massif Central rocks. The ratios in green and purple fluorite are similar to those of monzogranite and granodiorite of the basement; those measured in yellow fluorite involve the granulites and other metamorphic rocks of the basement. Measurements of the Sr isotopic ratio and δ34SCDT in barite and δD in fluorite fluid inclusions suggest a deposition process by the mixing of a hydrothermal fluid with meteoric water.At the scale of the northern Massif Central district, the successive hydrothermal fluid salinities are highly contrasted as in Chaillac deposit. We propose that the two types of hydrothermal fluids have been produced by the boiling of a single fluid at depth.

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Langenfeld, Thomas, Jay Thomas, Rongchun Zhu, and Carrie A. Morris. "Integrating Multiple Sources of Validity Evidence for an Assessment‐Based Cognitive Model." Journal of Educational Measurement 57, no. 2 (2019): 159–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jedm.12245.

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Graessler, J., C. S. Mehnert, K.-M. Schulte, et al. "Urinary Lipidomics: evidence for multiple sources and sexual dimorphism in healthy individuals." Pharmacogenomics Journal 18, no. 2 (2017): 331–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/tpj.2017.24.

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Xu, Bo, Hongfei Lin, Yang Chen, Zhihao Yang, and Hongfang Liu. "Protein Complex Identification by Integrating Protein-Protein Interaction Evidence from Multiple Sources." PLoS ONE 8, no. 12 (2013): e83841. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0083841.

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Wielandt, Daniel, Kazuhide Nagashima, Alexander N. Krot, Gary R. Huss, Marina A. Ivanova, and Martin Bizzarro. "EVIDENCE FOR MULTIPLE SOURCES OF 10 Be IN THE EARLY SOLAR SYSTEM." Astrophysical Journal 748, no. 2 (2012): L25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2041-8205/748/2/l25.

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Ambrosini, Ettore, Giovanni Pezzulo, and Marcello Costantini. "The eye in hand: predicting others' behavior by integrating multiple sources of information." Journal of Neurophysiology 113, no. 7 (2015): 2271–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00464.2014.

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The ability to predict the outcome of other beings' actions confers significant adaptive advantages. Experiments have assessed that human action observation can use multiple information sources, but it is currently unknown how they are integrated and how conflicts between them are resolved. To address this issue, we designed an action observation paradigm requiring the integration of multiple, potentially conflicting sources of evidence about the action target: the actor's gaze direction, hand preshape, and arm trajectory, and their availability and relative uncertainty in time. In two experiments, we analyzed participants' action prediction ability by using eye tracking and behavioral measures. The results show that the information provided by the actor's gaze affected participants' explicit predictions. However, results also show that gaze information was disregarded as soon as information on the actor's hand preshape was available, and this latter information source had widespread effects on participants' prediction ability. Furthermore, as the action unfolded in time, participants relied increasingly more on the arm movement source, showing sensitivity to its increasing informativeness. Therefore, the results suggest that the brain forms a robust estimate of the actor's motor intention by integrating multiple sources of information. However, when informative motor cues such as a preshaped hand with a given grip are available and might help in selecting action targets, people tend to capitalize on such motor cues, thus turning out to be more accurate and fast in inferring the object to be manipulated by the other's hand.

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Castaldelli, Giuseppe, Elisa Soana, Erica Racchetti, et al. "Nitrogen Budget in a Lowland Coastal Area Within the Po River Basin (Northern Italy): Multiple Evidences of Equilibrium Between Sources and Internal Sinks." Environmental Management 52, no. 3 (2013): 567–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-013-0052-6.

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Jangid, Manita, Purnima Menon, Rasmi Avula, et al. "Tracking India's Progress on Addressing Malnutrition Will Require Strengthening Survey and Administrative Data Systems." Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (2020): 1716. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa064_006.

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Abstract Objectives India has a nutrition policy framework that includes several evidence-based interventions. However, the availability of data to analyze coverage, assess equity and track progress on scaling up interventions is not known. We assessed data availability for nutrition interventions by reviewing multiple data systems in India. Methods Using the national policy framework, we identified 55 nutrition interventions for which coverage data were necessary to track progress. We examined questionnaires of three major household surveys. We also assessed monitoring data available in three major administrative systems. We summarized overall data availability by type of data system and across the life course. Results Of the 55 interventions, six interventions had data across all data sources. For nine interventions, no data was available from any source. For the remaining 46 interventions, data is available from at least one data source. Surveys had data on 36 interventions and administrative systems had data on 42 interventions. However, data definitions and denominators vary by source, making comparisons challenging. For adolescents, coverage data is scarce both in surveys and administrative systems. For pregnancy, multiple data sources are available on antenatal care, but gaps exist for nutrition interventions such as calcium supplementation, counseling and maternity benefits. For delivery and postnatal care, data is available on institutional deliveries and postnatal care but is limited for kangaroo mother care and breastfeeding counseling. Data is very limited for newborn care interventions. For early childhood, 9 of 13 interventions are available from different data sources. Conclusions Data on India's nutrition interventions are available from multiple sources but vary by intervention and by life-stage. Data are often not comparable across sources. Multiple data sources for some interventions requires careful reconciliation of findings from survey and administrative data systems. Data stewardship is critical to ensure effective use of data. Funding Sources Data for Decisions to Expand Nutrition Transformation (DataDENT) and Partnerships and Opportunities to Strengthen and Harmonize Actions for Nutrition in India (POSHAN), supported by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.

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Siva Siddaiah, N. "Metamorphic fluids and multiple lithologies as sources for the gold-quartz vein deposits: Evidence from REE and isotope studies (Experience from the Kolar Gold Field, India)." Global Tectonics and Metallogeny 7, no. 1 (1999): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/gtm/7/1999/39.

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Lefticariu, Liliana, Joel D. Blum, and James D. Gleason. "Mercury Isotopic Evidence for Multiple Mercury Sources in Coal from the Illinois Basin." Environmental Science & Technology 45, no. 4 (2011): 1724–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es102875n.

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FRAZIER, THOMAS W., and ERIC A. YOUNGSTROM. "Evidence-Based Assessment of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Using Multiple Sources of Information." Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 45, no. 5 (2006): 614–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.chi.0000196597.09103.25.

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Ernst, J., H. L. Plasterer, I. Simon, and Z. Bar-Joseph. "Integrating multiple evidence sources to predict transcription factor binding in the human genome." Genome Research 20, no. 4 (2010): 526–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/gr.096305.109.

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Cook, Scott J., Betsabe Blas, Raymond J. Carroll, and Samiran Sinha. "Two Wrongs Make a Right: Addressing Underreporting in Binary Data from Multiple Sources." Political Analysis 25, no. 2 (2017): 223–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/pan.2016.13.

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Media-based event data—i.e., data comprised from reporting by media outlets—are widely used in political science research. However, events of interest (e.g., strikes, protests, conflict) are often underreported by these primary and secondary sources, producing incomplete data that risks inconsistency and bias in subsequent analysis. While general strategies exist to help ameliorate this bias, these methods do not make full use of the information often available to researchers. Specifically, much of the event data used in the social sciences is drawn from multiple, overlapping news sources (e.g., Agence France-Presse, Reuters). Therefore, we propose a novel maximum likelihood estimator that corrects for misclassification in data arising from multiple sources. In the most general formulation of our estimator, researchers can specify separate sets of predictors for the true-event model and each of the misclassification models characterizing whether a source fails to report on an event. As such, researchers are able to accurately test theories on both the causes of and reporting on an event of interest. Simulations evidence that our technique regularly outperforms current strategies that either neglect misclassification, the unique features of the data-generating process, or both. We also illustrate the utility of this method with a model of repression using the Social Conflict in Africa Database.

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Bernal, Eduardo, Debora Liabeuf, and David M. Francis. "Evaluating Quantitative Trait Locus Resistance in Tomato to Multiple Xanthomonas spp." Plant Disease 104, no. 2 (2020): 423–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-03-19-0669-re.

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Bacterial spot of tomato is a foliar disease caused by four Xanthomonas species. Identifying genetic resistance in wild tomatoes and subsequent breeding of varieties has been a strategy to reduce the loss from this disease because control using pesticides has been ineffective. Three independent sources of resistance have been identified with quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping to the centromeric region on chromosome 11. These sources are derived from Hawaii 7998 (QTL-11A), PI 114490 (QTL-11B), and LA2533 (QTL-11C). To determine which QTL introgression from chromosome 11 provides the greatest resistance to multiple species, we developed near-isogenic lines (NILs) using marker-assisted backcrossing. In parallel, we developed an NIL that contains Rx-4/Xv3, which provides major gene resistance to Xanthomonas perforans. Additionally, we combined Rx-4/Xv3 resistance with QTL-11A. These sources of resistance were independently introduced into the susceptible parent, OH88119. During a 3-year period from 2016 to 2018, we evaluated backcross-derived families and NILs from each source in independent field trials inoculated with X. perforans, X. euvesicatoria, or X. gardneri. Our results suggest that both QTL-11C and QTL-11A combined with Rx-4/Xv3 provide effective genetic resistance against multiple Xanthomonas species. In addition, we provide evidence for additive to dominant genetic action for the QTL introgressions.

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Miller, Jerry. "Methods and Advances in the Forensic Analysis of Contaminated Rivers." E3S Web of Conferences 125 (2019): 01001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201912501001.

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Trace metals and metalloids are a common and persistent form of riverine (river) contamination and are derived from a wide variety of sources, including mining and milling operations, industrial activities, urban runoff, agricultural chemicals, and atmospheric pollution, among a host of others. Documentation of trace metal sources and dispersal pathways in riverine ecosystems is essential to mitigate their potentially harmful effects to human and ecosystem health and is often required from a legal (environmental forensic) perspective to assess liability for the costs of remediation. Unfortunately, documenting the sources and source contributions of trace metals in rivers has proven difficult, time-intensive, and costly. Herein, a four-component, interdisciplinary framework is proposed to efficiently identify the sources and source contributions of trace metals in alluvial sediments where multiple natural and/or anthropogenic sources exist. The components include (1) the analysis of the river’s alluvial stratigraphic architecture and geomorphic history, (2) the temporal correlation of geochemically characterized alluvial deposits to potential anthropogenic trace metal sources, (3) the analysis of the spatial variations in selected geochemical parameters, and (4) the use of geochemical and/or isotopic tracers to quantitatively estimate the contributions of trace metals from the defined natural and anthropogenic sources. The four components are not intended to be exhaustive; the framework may require modification following multiple lines of evidence approach, in which additional methods and data are added to the investigation until there is confidence that all trace metal sources and their contributions have been effectively defined.

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Spry, K., J. Morea, A. L. Russ, J. Duke, M. Weiner, and J. Cadwallader. "Design of a Medication Reconciliation Application." Applied Clinical Informatics 04, no. 01 (2013): 110–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4338/aci-2012-12-ra-0057.

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SummaryBackground: Medication reconciliation is an essential, but resource-intensive process without a “gold standard” to measure medication adherence. Medication reconciliation applications that focus on facilitating clinicians’ decision-making are needed. Since no single available source of medication information is adequate, combining data sources may improve usefulness and outcomes.Objectives: We aimed to design a medication reconciliation application that could incorporate multiple data sources and convey information about patients’ adherence to prescribed medications. We discuss design decisions integral to developing medication reconciliation applications for the electronic health record. The discussion is relevant for health IT developers, clinical providers, administrators, policy makers, and patients. Three hypotheses drove our design of this application: 1) Medication information comes from a variety of sources, each having benefits and limitations; 2) improvements in patient safety can result from reducing the cognitive burden and time required to identify medication changes; 3) a well-designed user interface can facilitate clinicians’ understanding and clinical decision making.Methods: Relying on evidence about interface design and medication reconciliation, an application for the electronic health record at an academic medical center in the U.S. was designed. Multiple decisions that considered the availability, value, and display of the medication data are explored: Information from different sources; interval changes in medications; the sorting of information; and the user interface.Results: The prototype medication reconciliation application design reflects the visual organization, categorization, modality of interactions, and presentation of medication information from three data sources: patient, electronic health record, and pharmacy.Conclusions: A new medication reconciliation user interface displays information from multiple sources, indicates discrepancies among sources, displays information about adherence, and sorts the medication list in a useful display for clinical decision making. Gathering, verifying, and updating medication data are resource-intensive processes. The outcomes of integrating, interpreting, and presenting medication information from multiple sources remain to be studied.Citation: Cadwallader J, Spry K, Morea J, Russ AL, Duke J, WeineM. Design of a medication reconciliation application – facilitating clinician-focused decision making with data from multiple sources. Appl Clin Inf 2013; 4: 110–125http://dx.doi.org/10.4338/ACI-2012-12-RA-0057

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Apoorva, R., Durba Biswas, and Veena Srinivasan. "Do household surveys estimate tap water use accurately? Evidence from pressure-sensor based estimates in Coimbatore, India." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 8, no. 2 (2018): 278–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2018.127.

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Abstract Quantifying domestic water use at the household scale is crucial for any policy interventions towards ensuring adequate, equitable and safe water access. In developing country contexts, piped water supply is often one of several sources from which households access water and this is often unmetered. The most common approach to quantifying household water use from multiple sources is through household surveys. But there is no evidence that household surveys accurately estimate water use. This study utilized high-resolution pressure-sensor data as a reference to evaluate the effectiveness of conventional household survey methods through a sample of 82 households in Coimbatore city in South India. The pressure sensors produced detailed, continuous and accurate information on all sources of water accessed through the household storage infrastructure, but they were expensive and intrusive. Compared with pressure-sensor derived estimates of tap water use, household surveys alone fared very poorly. However, household surveys and well-designed water diaries of supply and pumping, coupled with simple one-time field measurements, emerged as a valid approach to quantifying household water use from taps under multiple source dependence.

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Truant, Elisa. "Management control systems, organization and impact on performances: Evidences from Italy." Corporate Ownership and Control 14, no. 2 (2017): 250–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv14i2c1p11.

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The value creation is the primary goal of each organization and intellectual capital is certainly a key factor for long-term success. The intellectual capital variables have to be managed and measured within advanced management systems, in order to facilitate the communication and translation of strategy’s tangible and intangible elements into operational terms. This study focuses on a sample of medium-sized Italian firms and is based on multiple sources of evidence: the in-depth study of internal documents and interviews with corporate managers holding key positions within the organization. The research aims at investigating if managers identified, measured and monitored intellectual capital variables within advanced management accounting systems, over a period of 5 years. Because the strategy and the organizational structure are highly interdependent, this study also focuses on evaluation and incentive systems implemented within selected companies. Then, it was decided to analyze whether the use of managerial and organizational tools influence firms’ performances. This research contributes to extend existing literature on intellectual capital and management systems: the results revealed that companies able to manage and monitor intellectual capital within advanced management tools, as well as implement evaluation and incentive systems, achieved higher and more stable performances. The main limit of this study is strictly related to the choice of these variables: in fact, company’s performances are influenced by a significant number of factors, endogenous and exogenous to the organization. Future researches can involve a greater number of companies and organizational variables, in order to validate or confute the actual findings.

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Chen, Zhi, Ying Li, Zhaofei Liu, Chang Lu, Yuanxin Zhao, and Jiang Wang. "Evidence of Multiple Sources of Soil Gas in the Tangshan Fault Zone, North China." Geofluids 2019 (September 12, 2019): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/1945450.

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The sources of soil gases in the Tangshan fault zone, North China, were discussed, based on the soil gas compositions and isotopic ratios obtained by measurement in the field and sample analysis in the laboratory. Soil gas compositions and isotopic ratios indicate that air (A) end-member, limestone (L) end-member, and sediment (S) end-member are the major end-member components contributing to the soil gas in our study area, with fractional contributions in the range of 2-15 vol.%, 23-36 vol.%, and 62-65 vol.%, respectively, to CO2 from the gas wells. According to the relationship among the 3He/4He, average CO2 concentration, and He concentration of soil gas, the deepest depth the fault cut downward and the most developed fractures in the segment where the Heibeiligong (HBLG) well located were inferred, and the shallower depth the fault cut downward and the more developed fractures in the fault segments where the Weifengshan (WFS), Siwangzhuang (SWZ), Tianjingyice (TJYC), and Douhetai (DHT) wells located were inferred. Significant variations in CO2 concentration were observed in soil gases sampled in DHT, HBLG, and WFS soil gas wells in concomitance with a local seismic sequence by 2018 confirming for the first time a possible source of carbon dioxide generated in underlying limestones.

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Cao, Wenzhi, Zheng Huang, Weidong Zhai, Ying Li, and Huasheng Hong. "Isotopic evidence on multiple sources of nitrogen in the northern Jiulong River, Southeast China." Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 163 (September 2015): 37–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2015.05.042.

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