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Journal articles on the topic 'Multiple wh-questions'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 9 March 2023

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Hong, Sun-ho. "Different Linking Mechanisms in Multiple Wh-Questions in English and Korean." Convergence English Language & Literature Association 8, no. 3 (2023): 147–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.55986/cell.2023.8.3.147.

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In this paper, three key issues in multiple wh-questions in English and Korean are revisited. The first issue explores how all wh-words are connected with a complementizer in multiple wh-questions. It is clarified that each wh-word is licensed in terms of scope and interpretation by establishing a specific relation with a Comp containing an appropriate feature set. The second issue delves into how Multiple Agree can be applied to multiple wh-words in long-distance multiple agreement relations, despite the resulting violation of the Phase Impenetrability Condition (PIC). To solve this challenge

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2

Rudin, Catherine. "On multiple questions and multiple WH fronting." Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 6, no. 4 (1988): 445–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00134489.

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Nunes, Jairo. "Edge Features and Multiple Wh-Questions." Cadernos de Linguística 2, no. 1 (2021): 01–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.25189/2675-4916.2021.v2.n1.id316.

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Building on Chomsky’s (2000) proposal that A’-movement is triggered by an EPP-type of feature added to phase heads and Bošković’s (2007) proposal that the relevant feature is to be found on the moving element itself, Nunes (2020) has argued that these two apparently conflicting views ultimately instantiate different grammatical options available at UG. He shows that much of the crosslinguistic variation regarding single wh-questions hinges on whether edge features (features that trigger successive cyclic A’-movement) are lexically associated with wh-elements or phase heads and whether the edge

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4

Grewendorf, Günther. "Multiple Wh-Fronting." Linguistic Inquiry 32, no. 1 (2001): 87–122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/002438901554595.

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This article argues that overt multiple wh-fronting in languages like Bulgarian consists of moving a single wh-cluster to [Spec, CP]. The formation of wh-clusters is motivated by the assumption that wh-elements can act as landing sites for wh-movement due to morphological properties of wh-words. I further argue that languages such as Japanese constitute covert instances of this process of wh-cluster formation, accounting for intricate constraints on multiple wh-questions such as the so-called “additional-wh effect.” Another central claim of the article is that despite appearances, multiple wh-

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Dotlacil, Jakub, and Floris Roelofsen. "A dynamic semantics of single-wh and multiple-wh questions." Semantics and Linguistic Theory 30 (March 2, 2021): 376. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/salt.v30i0.4839.

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We develop a uniform analysis of single-wh and multiple-wh questions couched in dynamic inquisitive semantics. The analysis captures the effects of number marking on which-phrases, and derives both mention-some and mention-all readings as well as an often neglected partial mention-some reading in multiple-wh questions.

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Lee, So-Young. "Scope and Prosody in Multiple Wh-Questions." Languages 9, no. 7 (2024): 226. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/languages9070226.

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The prosodic marking of the wh-scope has been a good testing ground to shed light on syntax-prosody mapping. Many accounts have been proposed based on various theoretical models, including the E-feature agreement system, the Multiple Spell-Out Model, Contiguity Theory, and the Wrap-XP Model. However, most previous studies focused on the constructions with a single wh-phrase, and few studies paid attention to multiple wh-questions. This paper presents novel data from production experiments to show the prosodic patterns of multiple wh-questions in Korean, for which none of the previous accounts

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Voznesenskaia, Anastasiia. "Wh-questions in Balkar." Proceedings of the Workshop on Turkic and Languages in Contact with Turkic 5, no. 1 (2020): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/ptu.v5i1.4785.

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This paper deals with the properties of wh-questions in Balkar. It is shown that wh-in-situ structures in Balkar are island insensitive (with an exception of coordinate structures). I discuss the complement/adjunct asymmetry regarding intervention effects. I also consider embedded multiple wh-structures. In this paper, I discuss a puzzle that the Balkar data presents to the prominent theories of wh-questions, which do not explain the properties it shows.

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Gribanova, Vera. "Structural Adjacency and the Typology of Interrogative Interpretations." Linguistic Inquiry 40, no. 1 (2009): 133–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/ling.2009.40.1.133.

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I point out that the generally accepted theory of single-pair versus pair-list readings for multiple wh-questions in the Slavic family, as instantiated in Bošković 2001a, predicts the wrong result for Russian multiple wh-questions and for coordinated multiple wh-questions in several languages. I suggest a reformulation of the connection between the structure and the interpretation of multiple wh-questions that relies on the structural adjacency of two or more wh-items at LF, and I discuss a number of cases in which this reformulation appears to make the right predictions for multiple wh-questi

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9

OBA, YUKIO. "EMPTY CATEGORY PRINCIPLE AND MULTIPLE WH-QUESTIONS." ENGLISH LINGUISTICS 6 (1989): 52–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.9793/elsj1984.6.52.

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10

Roelofsen, Floris, and Jakub Dotlačil. "Wh-questions in dynamic inquisitive semantics." Theoretical Linguistics 49, no. 1-2 (2023): 1–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/tl-2023-2001.

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Abstract This target article presents a type-theoretic dynamic inquisitive semantics framework, extending the first-order system presented in (Dotlačil, Jakub & Floris Roelofsen. 2019. Dynamic inquisitive semantics: Anaphora and questions. Sinn und Bedeutung 23. 365–382). Within this framework, we develop a compositional treatment of wh-questions whose basic premise is that a wh-phrase introduces a discourse referent u, just like non-interrogative indefinites do, and requires the presence of an operator in the left periphery of the clause which requests a witness for u, i.e., it raises an

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Brdarević-Čeljo, Amna. "CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS QUESTIONS WITH MORE QUESTIONABLE WORDS IN ENGLISH AND BOSNIAN / CROATIAN / SERBIAN LANGUAGE." Zbornik radova 10, no. 10 (December 15, 2012): 359–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.51728/issn.2637-1480.2012.359.

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The structure of multiple wh-questions differs significantly in the English and Bosnian/Croatian/Serbian language, firstly, with respect to the number of wh-phrases positioned at the beginning of the sentence and, secondly, with respect to the free vs. strict Superiority-obeying ordering of these wh-phrases. The gist of this article is the contrastive syntactic analysis of multiple wh-questions in two aforementioned languages in the theoretical framework of Minimalist program in generative grammar. Our main argument is that these questions should be analyzed as CP projections in both languages

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Nguyen, An Duy, and Géraldine Legendre. "Covert movement in English probing wh-questions." Proceedings of the Linguistic Society of America 5, no. 1 (2020): 180. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/plsa.v5i1.4696.

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Besides fronted information-seeking questions, English also allows for two types of wh-in-situ ones: echo questions, which are used to request a repetition or a clarification of a previous utterance, and probing questions, which are often used in quiz shows, classroom settings, and child-directed speech to “prompt” the addressee for an answer. An acceptability judgment task shows that PQs with multiple wh-phrases get a significantly lower acceptability score than echo questions with multiple wh-phrases despite their similarity in surface structure, which suggests a syntactic difference below t

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Clifton, Charles, Gisbert Fanselow, and Lyn Frazier. "Amnestying Superiority Violations: Processing Multiple Questions." Linguistic Inquiry 37, no. 1 (2006): 51–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/002438906775321139.

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Two experiments investigated the acceptability of multiple questions. As expected, sentences violating the Superiority Condition were accepted less often than sentences obeying it.The status of the Superiority violations was not improved by the addition of a third wh, regardless of whether the third wh was an adjunct or an argument, though it was improved by the addition of a second question (e.g., and when).Further, in a small pilot study directly comparing a sentence with adjacent final wh-phrases that may induce a stress clash (I'd like to know who hid it where when) with a sentence violati

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Bošković, Željko. "On the interpretation of multiple questions." Linguistic Variation Yearbook 2001 1 (December 31, 2001): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/livy.1.03bos.

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The paper shows that crosslinguistically, overt movement of a wh-phrase to SpecCP results in the loss of the single-pair interpretation for multiple questions, i.e. it forces the pair-list interpretation. It is shown that the damaging effect of overt movement to SpecCP on the availability of single-pair answers can be accounted for with an extension of Hagstroms (1998) semantics of questions to languages with overt wh-movement. More precisely, the effect is argued to follow from Relativized Minimality: In questions with a single-pair interpretation, the Q morpheme, which is base-generated bel

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15

Bošković, Željko. "On Multiple Wh-Fronting." Linguistic Inquiry 33, no. 3 (2002): 351–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/002438902760168536.

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I show that multiple wh-fronting languages (MWFL) do not behave uniformly regarding wh-movement and eliminate MWFL from the crosslinguistic typology concerning wh-movement in multiple questions. Regarding when they have wh-movement, MWFL behave like non-MWFL: some behave like English (they always have wh-movement), some like Chinese (they never have it), and some like French (they have it optionally although, as in French, wh-movement is sometimes required). MWFL differ from English, Chinese, and French in that in MWFL even wh-phrases that do not undergo wh-movement still must front for an ind

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Vuksanovic, Jasmina, Irena Avramovic-Ilic, and Jovana Bjekic. "Comprehension of exhaustive wh-questions of typically developing preschool children." Zbornik Instituta za pedagoska istrazivanja 44, no. 2 (2012): 368–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zipi1202368v.

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Wh-questions are among the most important and the most frequent types of utterance, which presumably reflects the role of questions in everyday life in gathering various types of information. There is a limited body of research on the exhaustivity comprehension in multiple wh-questions in children (such as, for example, Who drives what, Who gives something to whom?). However, previous results suggest that exhaustivity emerges at the age of four, although there is considerable variability depending on the language. In this paper two aims were proposed: first, to explore when typically developin

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Li, Haoze. "Reference to dependencies established in multiple-wh questions." Semantics and Linguistic Theory 31 (January 5, 2022): 262. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/salt.v31i0.5124.

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In discourse, a universal statement establishes a dependency between sets of objects, which can support the evaluation of singular pronouns in a subsequent sentence. Two well-known phenomena involving such reference to a dependency are quantificational subordination and telescoping. This paper argues that a multiple-wh question admitting a pair-list answer can support subordination and telescoping, just like universal statements. Accordingly, the relevant phenomena are classified into two kinds of reference to dependencies, called ‘question subordination’ and ‘question telescoping’, which exhi

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18

Kotek, Hadas, and Michael Yoshitaka Erlewine. "Covert Pied-Piping in English Multiple Wh-Questions." Linguistic Inquiry 47, no. 4 (2016): 669–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/ling_a_00226.

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In this article, we argue for the existence of covert pied-piping in wh-questions through a previously unnoticed pattern of intervention effects in Superiority-obeying English multiple wh-questions. We show that the preference of covert pied-piping, unlike that of overt pied-piping, is for movement of larger constituents. We argue that this discrepancy stems from conflicting requirements of PF and LF: overt pied-piping feeds both LF and PF, but covert pied-piping feeds LF only. The study of covert pied-piping thus reveals the true preference of LF and narrow syntax with regard to pied-piping:

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19

Li, Haoze, and Candice Chi-Hang Cheung. "Focus intervention effects in Mandarin multiple wh-questions." Journal of East Asian Linguistics 24, no. 4 (2015): 361–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10831-015-9134-1.

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Mišmaš, Petra. "O koordiniranih in večkratnih k-vprašanjih v slovenščini." Jezik in slovstvo 62, no. 1 (2024): 99–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/jis.62.1.99-112.

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The article discusses multiple and coordinated wh-questions in Slovenian, focusing primarily on a comparison of the two based on the framework of generative grammar. On the basis of differences between coordinated and multiple wh-questions, we claim that, despite their superficial similarities, both groups need to be analysed separately in Slovenian as well. This conclusion is a starting point for further research of Slovenian coordinated wh-questions.

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21

Announi, Inass, and Taoufik A. Afkinich. "The Minimalist Program and Optimality Theory: Which is the Most Optimal? Wh-Elements as a Case Study." European Journal of Language and Culture Studies 2, no. 2 (2023): 7–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejlang.2023.2.2.72.

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This study analyzes wh-questions from the perspective of the theories of the Minimalist Program and Optimality Theory. We look at specific wh-constructions, including the gap strategy, the in-situ strategy, multiple wh-questions, and relativized wh-questions. This paper shows both the similarities and differences between OT and MP in analyzing wh-elements. One crucial difference is that OT solves the problem of optionality and clearly tackles some aspects of the syntax-pragmatics interface.

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22

Varnava, Marina, and Kleanthes K. Grohmann. "Developments in the acquisition of Wh-interrogatives in Cypriot Greek." Linguistic Variation 14, no. 1 (2014): 69–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lv.14.1.04var.

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This cross-sectional study investigates the acquisition of the interpretation of syntactic and semantic aspects of wh-questions by Cypriot Greek-speaking children aged 4 to 9 years. Two experimental tools were employed, a question–picture-matching task examining the comprehension of D-linked and non-D-linked questions for subject and object, and a question-after-picture task examining the comprehension of the notion of exhaustivity in single and multiple wh-questions. The results from these experiments are interpreted in light of current theoretical advances and cross-linguistic comparisons. T

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23

Martin, Joshua. "D-linking and the semantics of wh-in-situ." Proceedings of the Linguistic Society of America 6, no. 1 (2021): 448. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/plsa.v6i1.4981.

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Theories of pair-list readings of multiple wh-questions commonly posit an interpretive asymmetry between the fronted and in-situ wh-phrases, where the fronted wh-phrase is argued to function as the sortal key, have a requirement to be interpreted exhaustively, or be obligatorily D-linked. To clarify the empirical landscape of such debate, I present three experiments which tease apart the effects of these often-confounded discourse factors on the order and interpretation of multiple wh-questions. They are found to have either inconsistent or insignificant effects, arguing against a unique disco

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Chen, Run. "The superiority effect in Albanian multiple wh-movement structures." Proceedings of the Linguistic Society of America 5, no. 1 (2020): 623. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/plsa.v5i1.4735.

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This study examines the order of wh-phrases in Albanian multiple wh-questions. Despite SVO and OVS orders, I argue that Albanian wh-movement displays the superiority effect, through a mechanism generating a rightmost highest specifier. OVS order constructions are subject to the haplology effect and word order freezing, showing the presence of a multiple wh-fronting step in the derivation. The study highlights a general observation concerning opacity and the cross-linguistic wh-question environment. Linear order does not reveal hierarchical structure, as a typically leftmost wh-phrase is pronou

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Yeun-Jin Jung. "Coordinated Multiple Wh-questions in Wh-in-situ Languages: A Mono-Clausal Movement Analysis." Studies in Generative Grammar 28, no. 1 (2018): 91–125. http://dx.doi.org/10.15860/sigg.28.1.201802.91.

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Myung-Kwan Park. "Locality and Edge Effects in Korean Multiple Wh-questions." Korean Journal of Linguistics 43, no. 3 (2018): 523–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.18855/lisoko.2018.43.3.007.

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Kotek, Hadas. "Intervention, covert movement, and focus computation in multiple wh-questions." LSA Annual Meeting Extended Abstracts 4 (May 7, 2013): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/exabs.v0i0.797.

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Ballena, Constantino T. "Qualitative Research Interviewing: Typology of Graduate Students' Interview Questions." Philippine Social Science Journal 4, no. 3 (2021): 96–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.52006/main.v4i3.376.

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This paper is a corpus linguistics research that examined the typology of questions asked by graduate students who did papers that solely followed qualitative research interviewing. Corpus linguistics is a methodological approach employed to analyze patterns of language use in naturally occurring texts. The paper investigated the breadth and structure of the interview questions and the unproductive questions found in the corpus. The corpus consisted of 7,516 interview questions examined following the structure-breadth-function typology of questions as a framework. The corpus was analyzed by id

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Lipták, Anikó. "Strategies of wh-coordination." Linguistic Variation 11, no. 2 (2011): 149–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lv.11.2.02lip.

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This paper presents an overview of the cross-linguistically available strategies used in the formation of questions with coordinated wh-expressions. It offers a systematic characterization of the existing surface patterns of wh-coordination and the syntactic strategies underlying these, and presents typological generalizations on the distribution of these strategies, based on a cross-linguistic survey involving 12 languages. It will be pointed out that languages can be classified into four types according to the availability of coordinated wh-questions in them and that these four types can mak

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Bentea, Anamaria, and Theodoros Marinis. "Not all wh-dependencies are created equal: processing of multiple wh-questions in Romanian children and adults." Applied Psycholinguistics 42, no. 4 (2021): 825–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0142716421000059.

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AbstractThe aim of this study was to examine the acquisition and processing of multiple who- and which-questions in Romanian that display ordering constraints and involve exhaustivity. Toward that aim, typically developing Romanian children (mean age 8.3) and adults participated in a self-paced listening experiment that simultaneously investigated online processing and offline comprehension of multiple wh-questions. The study manipulated the type of wh-phrase (who/which) and the order in which these elements appear (subject–object [SO]/object–subject [OS]). The response to the comprehension qu

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Chernova, Ekaterina. "On wh-movement in echo-questions and crosslinguistic variation." Beyond Philology An International Journal of Linguistics, Literary Studies and English Language Teaching 18, no. 3 (2021): 65–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.26881/bp.2021.3.03.

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This paper examines echo wh-questions, a rather understudied phenomenon even in extensively described languages such as English. In particular, it focuses on a particular type of echo questions, such as those made in response to a previous declarative (e.g., –Mary said {mumble}./ –Mary said what?) or a previous wh-question (e.g., –Who said {mumble}?/ –Who said what?). Such structures are examined from a comparative perspective, analyzing data from three different languages regarding Multiple wh-Fronting: English vs. Russian, with attention to Spanish. On the one hand, this paper considers the

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Kandybowicz, Jason, Bertille Baron Obi, Philip T. Duncan, and Hironori Katsuda. "Documenting the Ikpana interrogative system." Journal of African Languages and Linguistics 42, no. 1 (2021): 63–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jall-2021-2016.

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Abstract This article provides a comprehensive treatment of the interrogative system of Ikpana (ISO 639-3: lgq), an endangered language spoken in the southeastern part of Ghana’s Volta region. The article features a description and analysis of both the morphosyntax and intonation of questions in the language. Polar questions in Ikpana are associated with dedicated prosodic patterns and may be segmentally marked. As for wh- interrogatives, Ikpana allows for optional wh- movement. Interrogative expressions may appear clause-internally in their base-generated positions or in the left periphery fo

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Kandybowicz, Jason, Bertille Baron Obi, Philip T. Duncan, and Hironori Katsuda. "Documenting the Ikpana interrogative system." Journal of African Languages and Linguistics 42, no. 1 (2021): 63–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jall-2021-2016.

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Abstract This article provides a comprehensive treatment of the interrogative system of Ikpana (ISO 639-3: lgq), an endangered language spoken in the southeastern part of Ghana’s Volta region. The article features a description and analysis of both the morphosyntax and intonation of questions in the language. Polar questions in Ikpana are associated with dedicated prosodic patterns and may be segmentally marked. As for wh- interrogatives, Ikpana allows for optional wh- movement. Interrogative expressions may appear clause-internally in their base-generated positions or in the left periphery fo

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Liakin, Denis. "Les questions multiples : le débat continue." Canadian Journal of Linguistics/Revue canadienne de linguistique 52, no. 3 (2007): 279–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000841310000431x.

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AbstractIn this article we offer an alternative analysis of multiple questions in Russian that is not only related to topic and focus, but also to other discourse factors. The characteristics that put Russian is the same group as Chinese and Japanese also apply to other multiple wh fronting languages such as Bulgarian, Romanian, and Serbo-Croatian, which, according to previous classification, belong to two different groups. We argue that multiple wh fronting languages can be classified on the basis of the presence of a functional category D-WhP in the left periphery of the matrix or embedded c

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Bai, Xue. "Reduced Embedded Questions with Multiple Wh-phrases in Chakhar Mongolian." Acta Mongolica 22, no. 606 (2024): 113–25. https://doi.org/10.22353/am.202401.09.

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Shlonsky, Ur, Sandra Villata, and Julie Franck. "Covert Movement in Multiple‐ Wh Questions: Experimental and Theoretical Investigations." Syntax 23, no. 2 (2020): 185–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/synt.12192.

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Fedorenko, Evelina, and Edward Gibson. "Adding a Third Wh-phrase Does Not Increase the Acceptability of Object-initial Multiple-wh-questions." Syntax 13, no. 3 (2010): 183–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9612.2010.00138.x.

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Manek, Agnes, and Rudolof Jibrael Isu. "The Ability in Constructing WH-Questions by the First Year Students of SMP Negeri 10 Kupang in the Academic Year 2022/2023." Journal of English Language Teaching, Literature and Culture 1, no. 2 (2022): 72–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.53682/jeltec.v1i2.5679.

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This study was conducted to find out the students’ mastery level in constructing WH-Questions and find out the difficulties faced by the first year students of SMP N. 10 Kupang in constructing questions by using WH-Questions. A Descriptive Quantitative Method was employed to describe the two answers. A class of the first year students of SMP N. 10 Kupang consisting of 31 students were taken as the sample of this research. The instrument of this research was a test of Multiple Choice (30 items) and Completion (20 items). The result of the research shows that the first year students of SMP N. 10

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Jung-Tae Kim. "Age effect on the L2 interpretation of English multiple wh-questions." English Language Teaching 22, no. 2 (2010): 137–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.17936/pkelt.2010.22.2.006.

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de Villiers, Jill, Chunyan Ning, Xueman Lucy Liu, Yi Wen Zhang, and Fan Jiang. "The Acquisition of Exhaustive Pairing in Multiple Wh-Questions in Mandarin." Journal of Psycholinguistic Research 47, no. 6 (2018): 1369–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10936-018-9588-1.

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Kotek, Hadas. "Dissociating intervention effects from superiority in English wh-questions." Linguistic Review 34, no. 2 (2017): 397–417. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/tlr-2017-0005.

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Abstract In wh-questions, intervention effects are detected whenever certain elements – focus-sensitive operators, negative elements, and quantifiers – c-command an in-situ wh-word. Pesetsky (2000, Phrasal movement and its kin. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press) presents a comprehensive study of intervention effects in English multiple wh-questions, arguing that intervention correlates with superiority: superiority-violating questions are subject to intervention effects, while superiority-obeying questions are immune from such effects. This description has been adopted as an explanandum in most recent

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Dikken, Marcel den, and Anastasia Giannakidou. "From Hell to Polarity: “Aggressively Non-D-Linked” Wh-Phrases as Polarity Items." Linguistic Inquiry 33, no. 1 (2002): 31–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/002438902317382170.

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Pesetsky's (1987) “aggressively non-D-linked”wh-phrases (likewho the hell; hereinafter, wh-the-hell phrases) exhibit a variety of syntactic and semantic peculiarities, including the fact that they cannot occur in situ and do not support nonecho readings when occurring in root multiple questions. While these are familiar from the literature (albeit less than fully understood), our focus will be on a previously unnoted property of wh-the-hell phrases: the fact that their distribution (in single wh-questions) matches that of polarity items (PIs). We lay out the key data supporting this claim, emb

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Buenrostro, Ruby, and Yining Nie. "Ordering preferences in Ukrainian multiple <i>wh</i>-fronting." Proceedings of the Linguistic Society of America 9, no. 1 (2024): 5661. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/plsa.v9i1.5661.

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We present the first systematic study of ordering restrictions in Ukrainian multiple wh-fronting (MWF) constructions, examining the effects of grammatical relation, case and animacy. Using an acceptability judgment task with pair-list primes, we tested the acceptability of Superiority-obeying and Superiority-violating questions with two wh-arguments. We found that Ukrainian speakers exhibit two distinct patterns with respect to Superiority: one group of speakers accepted Superiority violations while the other did not. Both groups, however, allowed free word order with wh-prepositional phrases

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Kyuchuk (Kyuchukov Hristo), Huseyin S. "Acquisition of Some Grammatical Categories in Romani (Gypsy) Language by Preschool Rural Roma Children in Bulgaria." Preschool Education: Global Trends 7 (June 30, 2025): 39–51. https://doi.org/10.31470/2786-703x-2025-7-39-51.

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The goal. The paper presents research findings from a small study with Roma (Gypsy) children living in a small village in Southeast Bulgaria. Methods. Two groups of preschool Roma children (between 4-5 years old and 5-6 years old, 10 children in each group in total 20 children) were tested with a test, specially designed for testing Roma children’s knowledge of some grammatical categories in their mother tongue. All children were attending kindergarten, where they learn the official language of the country- Bulgarian, but there are no any lessons in their mother tongue Romani. The children are

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Hawkins, Roger, and Hajime Hattori. "Interpretation of English multiple wh-questions by Japanese speakers: a missing uninterpretable feature account." Second Language Research 22, no. 3 (2006): 269–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/0267658306sr269oa.

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In recent work by Tsimpli (2003) and Tsimpli and Dimitrakopoulou (to appear) an explicit claim is made about the nature of end-state grammars in older second language (L2) learners: uninterpretable syntactic features that have not been selected during first language (L1) acquisition will not be available for L2 grammar construction. Interpretable syntactic features, on the other hand, remain available (as well as the computational procedures and principles of the language faculty), even those not selected by the L1. The present study investigates this hypothesis in relation to the acquisition

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Kong, Deran, and Yu-Yin Hsu. "Processing covert dependency: An eye-tracking study of scope interpretations of embedded Wh-questions in Mandarin." PLOS ONE 18, no. 5 (2023): e0285873. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0285873.

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Non-local dependency in Mandarin wh-questions has been extensively researched in theoretical linguistics, but it remains an under-studied topic in the field of language processing. Unlike languages that require wh-movement to form wh-questions, Mandarin is a wh-in-situ language, and hence is generally assumed to require a covert dependency between a wh-phrase and its scope-bearing position. Mandarin therefore provides an ideal linguistic environment in which to study not only cognitive-processing mechanisms, but also how different types of non-local dependency, especially covert dependency, ca

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Nunes, Jairo. "Agreeing and Moving across Traces: On Why Lower Copies May Be Transparent or Opaque." Philosophies 7, no. 1 (2021): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/philosophies7010003.

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Within Minimalism, traces are often taken to be transparent for agreement and movement across them, which raises the question of how this could be properly accounted for within the copy theory of movement. This paper examines wh-traces in multiple wh-questions and argues that traces (lower copies) may or may not induce intervention effects depending on whether or not they are fully specified.

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Churng, Sarah. "Syntax and prosodic consequences in ASL." Nonmanuals in Sign Language 14, no. 1 (2011): 9–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sll.14.1.03chu.

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This study investigates three different multiple wh-question types in American Sign Language (ASL). While the three are strikingly similar, subtle but systematic differences in their prosody make them semantically distinct. I derive these distinctions from their syntax, via extensions of Koopman and Szabolcsi’s (2000) remnant movement and Sportiche’s (1988) stranded movement, and I propose that multiple wh-questions in ASL involve Parallel Merge structures of the kind proposed by Citko (2005). I also present new generalizations to characterize their prosody, whereby A-bar movement gives rise t

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Arnon, Inbal. "Cross-linguistic Variation in a Processing Account: The Case of Multiple Wh-questions∗." Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society 32, no. 1 (2006): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/bls.v32i1.3437.

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roman, Robert Bley-V., and Naoko Yoshinaga. "The acquisition of multiple wh-questions by high-proficiency non-native speakers of English." Second Language Research 16, no. 1 (2000): 3–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/026765800676857467.

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This paper investigates the knowledge of multiple wh-questions such as Who ate what? by high-proficiency non-native speakers of English whose first language is Japanese. Japanese grammar is known to license a wider range of such questions than English – who came why, for example – although the precise theoretical account is not yet clear. Acceptability judgements were obtained on 6 different types of such questions. Acceptability of English examples was rated by native speakers of English, Japanese examples were judged by native speakers of Japanese, and the English examples were judged by hig

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