Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Multiplexa'
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Adigozalov, Niyaz. "The Intelligent Use of Multiple Interfaces." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for telematikk, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-22689.
Full textFürst, Henrik. "Emotionerna stolthet och skam och de divergerande multiplexa sociala banden : En intervjustudie av tre ungdomars sociala nätverk av sociala band och dess oscillation mellan att existera på och utanför Internet." Thesis, Stockholm University, Stockholm University, Department of Sociology, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-8688.
Full textThe purpose of this qualitative study has been; how social bonds are interlaced between the social worlds contained within the analytical division of “outside Internet” and “within Internet”. What happens with the social bond as the individual oscillate between this analytic bisection? This purpose raises important questions of the use of Internet in everyday life.
A new stance is taken toward studying the Internets integration into everyday life. The focus is adjusted to the importance of emotions. Emotions of pride and shame will be treated as the signals of social bonds state and will indicate the resistance or openness of this integration. Goffmans theory on face-work will be used as a complement. A cognitive approach on social bonds will assist the emotional approach. This is interwoven with a perspective for understanding Internet as a medium in form rather than only to focus on the “content”.
The conclusion consists of a required consistency between the quality of the social bond on the Internet and outside the Internet. The fear of inconsistency had to do with a threat of loss of face, not to come in conflict with established norms from outside the Internet. Development of close and intimate social bonds on the Internet that didn’t have a counterpart or was in inconsistency with the social bond outside Internet, lead to shame that threatened the social bond. The integration of Internet in everyday life is therefore not accomplished. Still, a new generation with instant access to the Internet is to be primary socialized under new conditions.
BARBOSA, Ana Clara de Oliveira Ferraz. "Avaliação de critérios de compatibilidade entre pares de primers para otimização de sistemas multiplex de genotipagem." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2010. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tde/1291.
Full textThe progress of Molecular Biology and Genetics provided the appearance of several molecular markers that detect the genetic polymorphism directly at DNA. Among these markers are the microsatellites (SSR), which are distinguished by their high degree of polymorphism. The use of these markers for individual genotyping has evolved into multiplex systems, which allow many SSR fragments to be detected and analyzed simultaneously. Currently there are several articles in literature discussing the criteria to be used in the primer design for use in PCR, as well as various softwares are available for this end. However, there are few studies and tools for the analysis of compatibility between pairs of primers for use in multiplex systems, where multiple fragments are simultaneously amplified using PCR. This paper evaluated different criteria for compatibility between pairs of primers. A set of 74 combinations of pairs of primers, involving the amplification of 94 SSR loci were evaluated in duplex systems. The same combinations were evaluated according to different criteria, including the degree of complementarity between primers, the magnitude of differences of denaturation temperatures (Tm) and the tendency to annealing between pairs of primers based on the Gibbs free energy resulting from the association between them. The comparison between the different criteria allowed the identification of a set of criteria with positive predictive value equal to 94%. These criteria were implemented for use in a software called Multiplexer, which from the analysis in sequence of pairs of primers, suggests compatible combinations for use in multiplex genotyping systems. Using this tool can significantly reduce the costs related to laboratory activities for genotyping using PCR.
Os avanços da Biologia Molecular e da Genética proporcionaram o surgimento de diversos marcadores moleculares que detectam o polimorfismo genético diretamente no DNA. Entre estes marcadores se encontram os microssatélites (SSR), que se destacam pelo seu elevado grau de polimorfismo. O uso desses marcadores para fins de genotipagem individual tem evoluído para sistemas multiplex, os quais permitem que vários fragmentos SSR sejam detectados e analisados simultaneamente. Atualmente são abundantes na literatura artigos que discutem os critérios a serem utilizados no desenho de pares de primers para aplicação em PCR, bem como estão disponíveis diversos softwares para este fim. No entanto, ainda são escassos os estudos e ferramentas destinados à análise de compatibilidade entre pares de primers para aplicação em sistemas multiplex, onde vários fragmentos são amplificados simultaneamente por PCR. Neste trabalho são avaliados diferentes critérios de compatibilidade entre pares de primers. Um conjunto de 74 combinações de pares de primers, envolvendo a amplificação de 94 locos SSR foram avaliados em sistemas duplex. As mesmas combinações foram avaliadas segundo diferentes critérios, incluindo o grau de complementariedade entre primers, magnitude das diferenças de temperaturas de desnaturação (Tm) e a tendência ao anelamento entre pares de primers com base na energia livre de Gibbs resultante da associação entre eles. A comparação entre os diferentes critérios permitiu a identificação de um conjunto de critérios com valor preditivo positivo igual a 94%. Estes critérios foram implementados para utilização em um software denominado Multiplexer, que a partir da análise de sequências de pares de primers, sugere combinações compatíveis para a utilização em sistemas de genotipagem multiplex. O uso dessa ferramenta pode reduzir consideravelmente os custos laboratoriais relativos às atividades de genotipagem utilizando PCR.
Green, Paul Elijah. "Multiplexed photography : single-exposure capture of multiple camera settings." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/55114.
Full textCataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 115-124).
The space of camera settings is large and individual settings can vary dramatically from scene to scene. This thesis explores methods for capturing and manipulating multiple camera settings in a single exposure. Multiplexing multiple camera settings in a single exposure can allow post-exposure control and improve the quality of photographs taken in challenging lighting environments (e.g. low light or high motion). We first describe the design and implementation of a prototype optical system and associated algorithms to capture four images of a scene in a single exposure, each taken with a different aperture setting. Our system can be used with commercially available DSLR cameras and photographic lenses without modification to either. We demonstrate several applications of our multi-aperture camera, such as post-exposure depth of field control, synthetic refocusing, and depth-guided deconvolution. Next we describe multiplexed flash illumination to recover both flash and ambient light information as well as extract depth information in a single exposure. Traditional photographic flashes illuminate the scene with a spatially-constant light beam. By adding a mask and optics to a flash, we can project a spatially varying illumination onto the scene which allows us to spatially multiplex the flash and ambient illuminations onto the imager. We apply flash multiplexing to enable single exposure flash/no-flash image fusion, in particular, performing flash/no-flash relighting on dynamic scenes with moving objects. Finally, we propose spatio-temporal multiplexing, a novel image sensor feature that enables simultaneous capture of flash and ambient illumination.
(cont.) We describe two possible applications of spatio-temporal multiplexing: single-image flash/no-flash relighting and white balancing scenes containing two distinct illuminants (e.g. flash and fluorescent lighting).
by Paul Elijah Green.
Ph.D.
Chen, Jinhui. "Sur des systèmes à antennes multiples avec retour limité : distorsion bout-à-bout, retour analogique du canal et transmission à multiplexage par couche." Paris, ENST, 2009. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00005644.
Full textIn this thesis, we investigate the following three fields on multi-input multi-output (MIMO) systems with limited feedback. End-to-end distortion: The first part of the thesis presents the joint impact of antenna numbers, source-to-channel bandwidth ratio, spatial correlation and time diversity on the optimum expected end-to-end distortion in an outage-free MIMO system. In particular, based on the analytical expression for any signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), the closed-form expression of the asymptotic optimum expected end-to-end distortion at a high SNR is derived, comprised of the optimum distortion exponent and the optimum distortion factor. The simulation results illustrate that, at a practical high SNR, the analysis on the impacts of the optimum distortion exponent and the optimum distortion factor explains the behavior of the optimum expected end-to-end distortion. The results in this part could be the performance objectives for analog-source transmission systems as well as a guidance on system design. Analog channel feedback: In the second part of this thesis, we propose to apply orthogonal space-time block codes (OSTBC) with linear analog channel feedback. Since MIMO channel information is a sort of analog source vector, relative to quantized channel feedback, linear analog feedback has the advantages such as outage-free, self channel adaptation and low complexity. It is proved that the linear analog transmission method with OSTBC can achieve the matched filter bound (MFB) on received SNR. In comparison with the linear analog transmission method with circulant space-time block coding (CSTBC), the method with OSTBC performs better with respect to received SNR and mean-squared error. In comparison with the random vector quantization methods with different modulation schemes, the simulation results show that with respect to average direction error, the linear analog transmission method with OSTBC performs over any RVQ method with specific modulation scheme in the regimes of relatively high SNR and low SNR; with respect to average mean-squared error, it performs always better than the RVQ methods. We also evaluate the effect of applying the linear analog channel feedback with OSTBC to multiuser MIMO downlink beamforming. It is shown that the linear analog channel feedback with OSTBC can make the system approach the optimum performance within a short latency. Layered multiplexing: In the third part of this thesis, with respect to the systems with short blocks, a new layered multiplexing strategy is proposed to adapt an uncertain channel by Walsh layer-time coding, successive interference canceller and HARQ signaling. As illustrated by simulation results, with respect to its high success rate, good performance on average latency and lower computational complexity, this strategy would be a good replacement to the widely-used adaptive QAM modulation strategy
Wang, Yanpeng. "Design and Analysis of GFDM-Based Wireless Communication Systems." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/69666.
Full textGeneralized frequency division multiplexing (GFDM) is a block-processing based non-orthogonal multi-carrier modulation scheme, which is a promising candidate waveform technology for beyondfifth-generation (5G) wireless systems. The ability of GFDM to flexibly adjust the block size and the type of pulse-shaping filters makes it a suitable scheme to meet several important requirements, suchas low latency, low out-of-band (OOB) radiation and high data rates. Applying the multiple-inputmultiple-output (MIMO) technique, the massive MIMO technique, or low-density parity-check (LDPC)codes to GFDM systems can further improve the systems performance. Therefore, the investigation of such combined systems is of great theoretical and practical importance.This thesis investigates GFDM-based wireless communication systems from the following three aspects. First, we derive a union bound on the bit error rate (BER) for MIMO-GFDM systems, which is based on exact pairwise error probabilities (PEPs). The exact PEP is calculated using the moment-generating function (MGF) for maximum likelihood (ML) detectors. Both the spatial correlation between antennas and the channel estimation errors are considered in the investigated channel environment. Second, polynomial expansion-based low-complexity channel estimators and precoders are proposed for massiveMIMO-GFDM systems. Interference-free pilots are used in the minimum mean square error (MMSE) channel estimation to combat the influence of non-orthogonality between subcarriers in GFDM. The cubic computational complexity can be reduced to square order by using the polynomial expansion technique to approximate the matrix inverses in the conventional MMSE estimation and precoding. In addition, we derive performance limits in terms of the mean square error (MSE) for the propose destimators, which can be a useful tool to predict estimators performance in the high Es/N0 region. ACramér-Rao lower bound (CRLB) is derived for our system model and acts as a benchmark for the estimators. The computational complexity of the proposed channel estimators and precoders, and the impacts of the polynomial degree are also investigated. Finally, we analyze the error probability performance of LDPC coded GFDM systems. We first derive the initial log-likelihood ratio (LLR) expressions that are used in the sum-product algorithm (SPA) decoder. Then, based on the decoding threshold, we estimate the frame error rate (FER) in the low Eb/N0 region by using the observed BER to model the channel variations. In addition, a lower bound on the FER of the system is also proposed based on absorbing sets. This lower bound can act as an estimate of the FER in the highEb/N0 region if the absorbing set used is dominant and its multiplicity is known. The quantization scheme also has an important impact on the FER and BER performances. Randomly constructed and array-based LDPC codes are used to support the performance analyses. For all these three aspects,software-based simulations and calculations are carried out to obtain related numerical results, whichverify our proposed methods.
Rozanski, Marta. "Bendamustin in Kombination mit Thalidomid und Prednisolon (BPT) bei Patienten mit rezidiviertem oder refraktärem Multiplem Myelom: Ergebnisse einer Phase-I-Studie." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-97058.
Full textO'Brien, Daniel Gerard, and n/a. "Broadband matching and distortion performance relating to multiple subcarrier multiplexed photonic systems." University of Canberra. Information Sciences & Engineering, 1992. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060821.095055.
Full textLi, Mingxing. "Architectures and multiple access protocols for optical subcarrier multiplexed local area networks." Thesis, University of Essex, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.317726.
Full textBanat, Mohammad Mahmoud. "Optical beat interference countermeasures in subcarrier multiplexed wavelength division multiple access networks." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/10445.
Full textOladeinde, Abiola Omobolaji. "Linear demultiple solution based on bottom-multiple generator (BMG) approximation: subsalt example." Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/4407.
Full textLejosne, Yohan. "Quelques aspects des réseaux multi-cellules multi-utilisateurs MIMO : délai, conception d'émetteur-récepteur, sélection d'utilisateurs et topologie." Thesis, Paris, ENST, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENST0089/document.
Full textIn order to meet ever-growing needs for capacity in wireless networks, transmission techniques and the system models used to study their performances have rapidly evolved. From single-user single-antenna point-to-point communications to modern multi-cell multi-antenna networks there have been large advances in technology. Along the way, several assumptions are made in order to have either more realistic models, but also to allow simpler analysis. We analyze three aspects of actual networks and try to benefit from them when possible or conversely, to mitigate their negative impact. We focus on the delay in the CSI acquisition. Precisely, when taken into account, this delay greatly impairs the channel multiplexing gain if nothing is done to use the dead time during which the transmitters are not transmitting and do not yet have the CSI. We review and propose different schemes to efficiently use this dead time to improve the multiplexing gain in both the BC and the interference channel (IC). We evaluate the more relevant net multiplexing gain, taking intoaccount the training and feedback overhead. Results are surprising because potential schemes to fight delay reveal to be burdened byimpractical overheads in the BC. In the IC, an optimal scheme is proposed. It allows avoiding any loss of multiplexing gain even forsignificant delay in the CSI acquisition. Concerning the number of users, we propose a new criterion for the greedy user selection in a BC to benefit of the multi-user diversity, and two interference alignment schemes for the IC to benefit of having multiple users in each cell. Finally, partially connected cellular networks are considered and schemes to benefit from said partial connectivity to increase the multiplexing gain are proposed
Chai, Zechu. "Embedded Design and Software Module Implementation in Multiple MPEG-2 Transport Streams Multiplexer." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1480555292616335.
Full textLe, Josse Nicolas. "Turbo égalisation MIMO pour une transmission ST-BICM sur canaux sélectifs en fréquence." Télécom Bretagne, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TELB0043.
Full textBased on multiple transmit and receive antennas, MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) technology allows enhanced data rates and/or improved performance within the communication link in comparison to SISO (Single Input Single Output) systems. Nevertheless, the increasing number of transmit and receive antennas involves implementing complex processing to restore the transmitted information. Many space-time detection algorithms have been proposed and iterative turbo systems have retained much attention. In particular, MMSE (Minimum Mean Square Error) turbo equalization techniques associated with a transmission scheme such as ST-BICM (Space Time -Bit Interleaved Coded Modulation) exploiting spatial multiplexing offer an attractive compromise between performance and complexity, as well as high spectrak efficiency. The objective of this thesis is to demonstrate the full benefit of multi-antenna / multi-path channels that can be restored by the turbo equalizer in a ST-BICM context. Several receiver schemes are studied and the computational cost requirement is provided. The original contributions of this thesis are mainly the following : the derivation of a closed form expression of the theoretical performance of the MMSE turbo equalizer at the output of the genie equalizer for frequency selective block Rayleigh fading channels, the proposition of a novel efficient reduced complexity equalizer without matrix inversion and, finally, a comparative study of frequency domain MMSE turbo equalization for single carrier and OFDM transmission
Awad, Mazen. "Le système O-MIMO utilisant un multiplexage par la technique de diversité de groupe de mode (MGDM)." Valenciennes, 2009. http://ged.univ-valenciennes.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/b2c89025-99d1-4157-8bfa-ce802b2249c2.
Full textDue to its enormous bandwidth, the MMF fiber seems the only medium able to offer a broadband multiservices system in the office and "in-door" networks. A MMF network can constitute the backbone of the network which feeds the fixed-wired services (such as the data services GbE), as well as the wireless services (IEEE 802. X for example) in the whole building using a multiplexing technique. Such a technique must meet a high efficacy/cost ratio. In this work, our attention focused on the O-MIMO technique, based on aMGDMmultiplexing. This technique exploits at most the fibre bandwidth by a focused excitation and increases the fibre capacity using spatial launching and reception. We established, by a theoretical study, an analytical model of the MMF fibre for MGDM technique. We studied the best conditions of emission and reception, to improve the system quality and capacity. So, to take the real environment into account on our model, mechanical effects acting on the fiber are analytically modelled. A theoretical complete study, supported by simulations, is presented and the imperfections of the elements of the optical network are taken into account. Moreover, in order to ensure the transmission of all mixed services (baseband and radio), we proposed a model based on MGDM multiplexing with orthogonality between radio services and other services. This orthogonality is based on a difference in powers and optical frequencies between the transmitter associated with the radio service and the others. This model is demonstrated by simulation, by using VPI Systems software, for multiple users and multiple bit rates up to 5 Gb/s. This presentation is completed by our contribution to the elaboration of the specifications of an experiment
PROU, EMMANUEL. "Les myelomes multiples atypiques : a propos d'une observation de myelome multiple non secretant." Aix-Marseille 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989AIX2OO19.
Full textLampiris, Eleftherios. "The high Dimensionality factor of Coded Caching : Resolving Bottlenecks one Antenna at a time." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS234.
Full textThe main theme of this thesis is the combination of two opposing resources, namely the multiplexing gain, corresponding to multiple antennas, and the multicasting gain achieved in cache-aided communications. Multiple antennas, or multiple transmitters with caches, provide increased gains by separating messages, while coded caching merges messages together by exploiting cached and unwanted content to remove interference. Thus, at a first look, multiplexing and coded caching gains seem to be opposing to one another. Efforts to combine the two have shown that the gains appear to be additive. For example, in the Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output (MISO) Broadcast Channel (BC) where a Base Station, equipped with L transmit antennas, serves the demands of K receiving, single antenna users, asking files from a library of popular files, when users are equipped with caches, amounting to a total sum cache-size of t times the whole library, this network can provide the order optimal Degrees-of-Freedom (DoF) performance of D=L+t. What we will show in this thesis is that, in many scenarios, pairing the multiplexing gains with coded caching can be a much more powerful combination, which can dramatically improve major fundamental limitations of both coded caching and multiple antenna precoding. A notable example, that will be proved in this thesis, is the role of multiple antennas on dramatically ameliorating the infamous subpacketization constraint i.e., the limitation that a coded caching gain equal to t requires each file to be segmented to an exponential number of packets. This, in practical systems can easily surpass the number of bits of a file by many orders of magnitude, thus imposing hard limits on caching gains [...]
Vörös, András. "The emergence of multiple status systems in adolescent communities : a multiplex network theory of group formation." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:9590194f-84e9-4548-b1fe-cf2f64ffc329.
Full textPujari, Manisha. "Prévision de liens dans des grands graphes de terrain (application aux réseaux bibliographiques)." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCD010/document.
Full textIn this work, we are interested to tackle the problem of link prediction in complex networks. In particular, we explore topological dyadic approaches for link prediction. Different topological proximity measures have been studied in the scientific literature for finding the probability of appearance of new links in a complex network. Supervided learning methods have also been used to combine the predictions made or information provided by different topological measures. The create predictive models using various topological measures. The problem of supervised learning for link prediction is a difficult problem especially due to the presence of heavy class imbalance. In this thesis, we search different alternative approaches to improve the performance of different dyadic approaches for link prediction. We propose here, a new approach of link prediction based on supervised rank agregation that uses concepts from computational social choice theory. Our approach is founded on supervised techniques of aggregating sorted lists (or preference aggregation). We also explore different ways of improving supervised link prediction approaches. One approach is to extend the set of attributes describing an example (pair of nodes) by attributes calculated in a multiplex network that includes the target network. Multiplex networks have a layered structure, each layer having different kinds of links between same sets of nodes. The second way is to use community information for sampling of examples to deal with the problem of classe imabalance. Experiments conducted on real networks extracted from well known DBLP bibliographic database
Chahbi, Ismehene. "Exploitation des antennes multiples pour l'optimisation dans les réseaux sans fil." Phd thesis, Institut National des Télécommunications, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00995412.
Full textWalker, Emily N. "The Emotional Needs of Mothers of Multiple Birth Children." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2012. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc149682/.
Full textYoussef, Mazen Dandache Abbas Diou Camille. "Modélisation, simulation et optimisation des architectures de récepteur pour les techniques d'accès W-CDMA." Metz : Université de Metz, 2009. ftp://ftp.scd.univ-metz.fr/pub/Theses/2009/Mazen.Youssef.SMZ0907.pdf.
Full textLi, Longguang. "On the capacity of free-space optical intensity channels." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLT028/document.
Full textFree-space optical intensity (FSOI) communication systems are widely used in short-range communication such as the infrared communication between electronic handheld devices. The transmitter in these systems modulates on the intensity of optical signals emitted by light emitting diodes (LEDs) or laser diodes (LDs), and the receiver measures incoming optical intensities by means of photodetectors. Inputs are nonnegative because they represent intensities. Moreover, they are typically subject to both peak- and average-power constraints, where the peak-power constraint is mainly due to technical limitations of the used components, whereas the average-power constraint is imposed by battery limitations and safety considerations. As a first approximation, the noise in such systems can be assumed to be Gaussian and independent of the transmitted signal. This thesis focuses on the fundamental limits of FSOI communication systems, more precisely on their capacity. The major aim of our work is to study the capacity of a general multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) FSOI channel under a per-input-antenna peak-power constraint and a total average-power constraint over all input antennas. We present several capacity results on the scenario when there are more transmit than receive antennas, i.e., nT > nR > 1. In this scenario, different input vectors can yield identical distributions at the output, when they result in the same image vector under multiplication by the channel matrix. We first determine the minimum-energy input vectors that attain each of these image vectors. It sets at each instant in time a subset of nT − nR antennas to zero or to full power, and uses only the remaining nR antennas for signaling. Based on this, we derive an equivalent capacity expression in terms of the image vector, which helps to decompose the original channel into a set of almost parallel channels. Each of the parallel channels is an amplitude-constrained nR⇥nR MIMO channel, with a linear power constraint, for which bounds on the capacity are known. With this decomposition, we establish new upper bounds by using a duality-based upper-bounding technique, and lower bounds by using the Entropy Power Inequality (EPI). The derived upper and lower bounds match when the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) tends to infinity, establishing the high-SNR asymptotic capacity. At low SNR, it is known that the capacity slope is determined by the maximum trace of of the covariance matrix of the image vector. We found a characterization to this maximum trace that is computationally easier to evaluate than previous forms
Esfandiari, Nazanene-Hélène. "Cancer bronchique primitif survenant aprés un premier cancer traité : à propos de 165 cas." Bordeaux 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR2M068.
Full textBichat, Antoine. "Prise en compte de l’organisation hiérarchique des espèces pour la découverte de signatures métagénomiques multi-échelles. Incorparating phylogenetic information in microbiome differential abundance studies has no effect on detection power and FDR control." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASM016.
Full textThis thesis deals with the use of hierarchical information in differential abundance analyses in metagenomics. Taxa that make up the microbiome are usually associated with a tree, like the taxonomy or the phylogeny, that reflects a biological link between them. It is therefore natural to exploit this hierarchical information to increase the statistical power of differential abundance techniques. We first investigated the efficiency of existing hierarchical differential abundance detection procedures and the impact of tree choice on those. We then developed our own hierarchical differentially abundance detection procedure. It models the taxaassociated z-scores as realization of an Ornstein- Uhlenbeck process on a tree with shifts on its optimal value then a lasso-like regression is used to identify optimal positions and intensities of the shifts
Wang, Yu. "Development of a multiplex fluorescent immunoassay for the simultaneous detection of serum antibodies to multiple swine pathogens." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/15704.
Full textDepartment of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology
Raymond R. R. Rowland
Three economically important swine diseases: Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS), Porcine Circovirus Associated Disease (PCVAD) and Swine influenza cost the US swine industry more than a billion dollars each year. This study developed a fluorescent microsphere immunoassay (FMIA) to simultaneously detect antibodies to the causative pathogens: PRRSV, porcine circovirus (PCV2) and swine influenza virus (SIV). The results showed that the multiplex assay possessed the predicted specificities. In the case of PRRSV NA, the assay displayed higher sensitivity when compared to a commercially available ELISA. The assay was employed to measure both IgG and IgM responses. The FMIA was found to possess several advantages over standard ELISA which include reduced sample volume, time and cost and provides a new tool for veterinary diagnostics. The FMIA was applied for swine disease surveillance in Hawaiian and Texan feral swine populations. The antibodies against PCV2 showed the highest prevalence among these three pathogens in both Hawaii and Texas. Hence we consider PCV2 as the most prevalent pathogen in Hawaiian and Texan feral pigs and this pathogen poses the greatest threat to commercial pigs. SIV seroprevelance increased from 2007 to 2010 in Hawaii State, suggesting an increasing risk for commercial pigs. Moreover, yearly surveillance in Texas State shows growth in seropositive response to all pathogens, particularly PCV2. The development of FMIA for detection of antibodies to multiple swine pathogens in serum samples offers an important alternative for swine disease surveillance in commercial and feral herds.
Mroueh, Lina. "Codage spatio-temporel et gain de multiplexage multi-utilisateurs pour les canaux sélectifs." Paris, Télécom ParisTech, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ENST0037.
Full textThe next generation of wireless systems such as IEEE 802. 11n, IEEE 802. 16m, LTE advanced, etc features Multiple-Input Multiple-Output(MIMO) transmission and multiuser communications. In a point-to-point communication, the use of multiple transmitter and receiver antennas enables an increased data throughput through spatial multiplexing and an increased range by exploiting the spatial diversity. In this dissertation, we propose a new family of split NVD parallel codes to achieve the optimal diversity multiplexing tradeoff and we show how the codes designed from cyclic division algebra can be applied in a real world system, and we focus on their optimality and the practical limits that can be encountered in industry. In the multiuser context, exploiting the multiuser multiplexing gains in the network allows to increase considerably the overall throughput in the network. The multiuser context has been extensively studied in the literature for the case where channels between nodes are flat fading. For the selective fading interference channel, we show that the maximal multiplexing gain of can be achieved using an interference alignment scheme under certain channel spread requirements. For the selective fading MIMO broadcast channels, we show how the correlation between time frequency channels can be used in a selective MIMO broadcast channel to minimize the number of bits to be fed back to the transmitter side while conserving the maximal multiplexing gain
Ben, Jabeur Taoufik. "Techniques de raccourcissement du canal dans un système OFDM." Paris 5, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA05S011.
Full textThis thesis presents the work done within the LIPADE team at Paris Descartes University, U2S unit of the Ecole Nationale d'Ingenieurs de Tunis (ENIT) and the TSI department at Telecom-ParisTech, on the study of channel shortening techniques for OFDM systems. We start this report by a general introduction where advantages and disadvantages of OFDM systems. We recall that in OFDM system are presented. In particular, we recall that in OFDM system, the low equalization complexity is the result of using the Fourier Transform and the Guard Interval (GI) redundancy in form of cyclic prefix (CP-OFDM) or zero padding (ZP-OFDM). The presence of the GI redundancy and Fourier transform ensures the suppression of the inter-symbol interference (ISI) and the Inter-Block Interference (IBI) in the case where the GI size is larger than the channel length. Therefore, the effective flow decreases if the channel length increases (i. E. , when the GI size increases). To preserve a high effective flow, we must reduce the channel length by using channel shortening techniques. The research in this study investigates the channel shortening techniques for SISO-OFDM and MIMO OFDM systems. First, we consider the non blind shortening case (channel is known) for SISO-OFDM system. We propose an extension of some existing time domain equalizer algorithms (MMSE, MSSNR and Min-ISI) in such a way we better control the quality of the Target Impulse Response (TIR). Our extension allows also reducing the computation complexity. Next, we generalize this idea for MIMO-OFDM system. In the blind channel shortening case (channel is unknown), we propose two kinds of channel shortening algorithms : 1. Channel shortening methods based on the restoration of the GI redundancy or = and the null tones 2. Channel shortening methods based on the exploitation of the characteristics of the first emitted symbol which is known due to the use of differential modulation. To track the TEQ when the channel is time varying ; we propose to combine the last techniques by using the channel shortening criterion based on the characteristic of the first emitted symbol for the TEQ initialization and the combined restoration of the ZP redundancy and null tones for the TEQ adaptation. A new low complexity channel shortening for single block differential encoded for MIMO-OFDM system is also proposed in this report. For MISO-OFDM, we show the limits of linear channel shortening techniques and we propose a non-linear solution to overcome this problem. Finally, we conclude this report by presenting some research directions and perspectives that can extend the work done during this thesis
Nobilet, Jean-Michel. "Systèmes MIMO (" Multiple Input Multiple Output ") à porteuses multiples :Etude et optimisation de la combinaison de codes temps-espace et des techniques MC-CDMA (" Multi-carrier code division multiple access ")." Rennes, INSA, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ISAR0006.
Full textIn the context of the research of new modulation schemes for the downlink of the 4th Generation mobile radio systems, the MC-CDMA schemes are the most promising candidates. On the other hand, MIMO systems inherit space diversity to mitigate fading effects and improve dramatically the spectrum efficiency. This thesis deals with the optimisation of MIMO/MC-CDMA systems through the use of space-time block coding or trellis coding. We propose new orthogonal STBC and a new representation of STTC based on a polynomial notation. The studied STBC/MC-CDMA systems improve the performance of a MC-CDMA SISO system with a low complex decoding. Their optimisation is based on single-user and multiple-user detection schemes. Their performance are evaluated on theoretical and realistic channels. Finally, the STTC/MC-CDMA is studied
Hélard, Jean-François. "Modulations codées en treillis associées à un multiplex de porteuses orthogonales en présence de canaux affectés de trajets multiples." Rennes 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992REN1S117.
Full textKratz, Caroline Dorothea. "Multiple AV-nodale Leitungsbahnen mit multiplen Peaks im RR-Intervallhistogramm des Langzeit-Elektrokardiogramms bei chronischem Vorhofflimmern." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2001. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=965253929.
Full textRihawi, Basel. "Analyse et réduction du Power Ratio des systèmes de radiocommunications multi-antennes." Rennes 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008REN1S007.
Full textThe multicarrier modulations like OFDM have a waveform with large amplitude fluctuations (PAPR for Peak-to-Average Power Ratio). Thus, a lot of work has been done to mathematically describe these fluctuations and to propose solutions to reduce them. Now a days, telecommunications systems have become more diversified and more complex. Indeed, the addition of one or more antennas on the transmitter (MIMO) will change the shape of the received signal and thus its PAPR. The presence of a non-linear amplifier (LNA) at the receiver imposes the restriction on the value of PAPR. The objective of this Ph. D. Thesis is to describe the PAPR in the receiver, taking into account the effects of shaping filter, RF transposition and propagation channel. This study has been applied to SISO and then MIMO contexts, each of which will be treated under the single and then multicarrier aspects. Finally, tow methods has been proposed for PAPR reduction
Kdouh, Hussein. "Application of wireless technologies to alarm and monitoring system on board ships." Rennes, INSA, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ISAR0034.
Full textThis thesis investigates the feasibility of WSNs for monitoring system on board ships. Several measurement campaigns have been carried out on board two ferries. The first ones are continuous wave measurements and aim to determine the attenuation for typical environments on board. The second consists of a double directional characterization of the propagation channel using a MIMO channel sounder and aim to determine the main directions of propagation of electromagnetic waves. Sensor networks based on IEEE 802. 15. 4 have been tested on board two ferries. The test results show a significant network connectivity. Afterwards, we propose an architecture and a communication protocol for large-scale WSN. The performance of the architecture are then evaluated using a network simulator. The results show significant performance in terms of PER, end to end delay and network scalability
Yngström, Sofia. "ADHD och musik : Jobbar skolan med musik som inlärningmetod för barn med ADHD?" Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Estetisk-filosofiska fakulteten, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-15454.
Full textADHD är en diagnos som gör att eleven och till viss del alla omkring eleven får det jobbigt. En elev med ADHD får ständigt nya impulser och har svårt att rikta sin koncentration till samma ställe. Detta gör att det blir svårt för eleven att ta in instruktioner om en skoluppgift samt att bibehålla fokus och koncentration på uppgiften. När eleven tappar koncentrationen kan hon eller han ofta bli högljudd och därmed störa alla andra elever i klassrummet. Att eleverna tappar koncentrationen beror till viss del på svagt arbetsminne, vilket går att träna upp. En studie har visat att man genom musik, i detta fall instrumentalt genom övning, kan träna upp sitt arbetsminne. Teorier om att alla människor har en multipel intelligens som framträder vid inlärning är en del i denna uppsats då skolan ska främja alla barn och se till individen och dess lärande. Multipla intelligenser innebär att varje människa lär sig på olika sätt, exempelvis genom den musikaliska intelligensen som denna uppsats till viss del riktar in sig på. Genom musikalisk intelligens tar eleven till sig information och lär sig genom sånger, rytmer och melodier och associerar sedan sin kunskap genom detta. Till denna undersökning har jag intervjuat två specialpedagoger om hur och om de använder musiken i deras specialundervisning med elever med ADHD. Resultatet är dock att de inte använder musiken i större utsträckning, men att de vill veta mer. Två musiklärare intervjuades också för att få en bild om vad lärare med musikintresse tycker att man ska göra i skolan för att använda sig av musiken.
Morávek, Patrik. "Testovací systém pro zařízení V-mux." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-217445.
Full textSärnholm, Axel, Johan Björkesten, Company Ayda Zamany, Anton Berglund, and Sandra Eklund. "Multiplexad Lusfältsavläsning." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för biologisk grundutbildning, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-175142.
Full textSuárez, Real Alberto. "Resource allocation for multiuser uplink systems." Nice, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NICE4077.
Full textIn this thesis we study the subject of resource allocation for uplink communication systems. When users have target rate constraints and interference cancelation is used at the base station we provide the optimal decoding order and power allocation in order to minimize the power consumption. In addition conditions are derived under which the allocation can be done in a distributed way, with only some knowledge of the statistics of the system. We then proceed to consider multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems, and obtain the optimal precoding matrices such that each user maximizes its own ergodic transmission rate from the sole knowledge of the overall channel statistics. The benefits of using a coordination signal and successive decoding are analyzed. Next, a scenario in which mobile terminals can be simultaneously connected to several base stations, using non-overlapping frequency bands is considered. The optimal power allocation in terms of sum rate is derived for different receiver types and an iterative algorithm proposed to achieve the optimal allocation. Finally, we consider decentralized medium-access control in which many pairwise interactions, where users compete for a medium access opportunity, occur between randomly selected users that belong to a large population. The choice of power level is done by each user, and both team and noncooperative scenarios are analyzed
Saidi, Taofik. "Architectures matérielles pour la technologie W-CDMA étendue aux systèmes multi-antennes." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/20828.
Full textWerin, Atle. "Use of a Multiplexer to get Multiple Streams Through a Limited Interface : Encapsulation of digital video broadcasting streams." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Datorteknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-133288.
Full textLele, Chrislin. "Ofdm/oqam : méthodes d'estimation de canal, et combinaison avec l'accès multiple CDMA ou les systèmes multi-antennes." Paris, CNAM, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008CNAM0635.
Full textOne important goal in digital communication research is to increase the transmission bit rate while keeping a low complexity structure for the transmitter and receiver. Nowadays, in the presence of multi-path channels, multi-carrier modulations such as CP-OFDM are more and more used since they provide a good trade-off between higher bit rate and complexity. Moreover, compared to single-carrier systems, multi-carrier systems permit a better use of the channel frequency diversity. Systems or standards such as ADSL or IEEE802. 11a have already implemented the CP-OFDM modulation. New standards like IEEE802. 11n combine CP-OFDM and MIMO in order to increase the bit rate and to provide a better use of the channel spatial diversity. As the communication medium has to be shared between multiple users, access techniques are needed. One of the most promising access technique is CDMA and its combination with CP-OFDM has led to the so-called MC-CDMA. However, the CP leads to a loss of spectral efficiency as it contains redundant information. Moreover, the prototype filter used in CP-OFDM is the rectangular window one, thus it has poor frequency localization. This poor frequency localization makes it difficult for CP-OFDM systems to respect stringent specifications of spectrum masks. This is why null sub-carriers are inserted at the frequency boundaries of CP-OFDM systems in order to avoid interferences with close systems in frequency. Adding null sub-carriers also means loosing spectral efficiency. To overcome these difficulties, OFDM/OQAM seems to be a good alternative. Firstly, because OFDM/OQAM does not use any CP and, secondly, because it offers the possibility to use different prototype filters. Indeed, for a given type of time-frequency transmission lattice, the orthogonality constraint for OFDM/OQAM is relaxed being limited to the real field while for OFDM it has to be satisfied in the complex field. Thus, there is more degree of freedom for OFDM/OQAM prototype filters. The aim of this thesis is, in the first part, to show that it is possible with OFDM/OQAM to perform a one tap channel equalization per subcarrier as in CP-OFDM. For realistic transmission channels, this one tap equalization is only valid within some channel hypotheses regarding the maximum delay spread and the Doppler effect. Then, it must be preceded by a channel estimation step. Therefore, a set of channel estimation methods is proposed for the preamble and scattered modes. In the second part, we analyze the combination between OFDM/OQAM and CDMA and we show that it is possible to have a complex orthogonality in OFDM/OQAM thanks to the Walsh-Hadamard codes. A comparison with MC-CDMA is also carried out. Finally, we study multi-antennas system. We analyze the spatial diversity gain and the data rate increase. The combination between OFDM/OQAM and MIMO is also studied for the spatial multiplexing and Alamouti schemes
Rolim, Fernandes Carlos Alexandre. "Nonlinear MIMO communication systems : channel estimation and information recovery using Volterra models." Nice, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NICE4002.
Full textThis thesis introduces new statistical signal processing tools with applications in radio-mobile communication systems. Exploiting the symmetry and redundancy relationships of the 4th-order out-put cumulants, we address the blind channel identification problem by using the Parallel Factor (Parafac) decomposition of the cumulant tensor. We develop blind identification algorithms based on a single-step least squares (SS-LS) minimization problem, enabling us to avoid any kind of pre-processing. The SS-LS approach induces a solution based on a sole optimization procedure. Making use of the Virtual Array concept, we also treat the source localization problem in a multiuser sensor array context in order to provide additional virtual sensors, thus improving the array resolution without resorting to 6th-order statistics. In addition, we consider the problem of estimating the physical parameters of a multipath MIMO communication channel. Using a tensor formalism, we propose a new non-parametric technique to estimate the coefficients of a convolutive MIMO model, so generalizing the methods proposed in the former chapters. We obtain the physical channel parameters by means of a combined ALS-MUSIC technique base on a subspace algorithm. Finally, we turn our attention to the problem of determining the order of FIR channels in the context of MISO systems. The proposed algorithm successively detects the signal sources, determines the order of their individual transmission channels and estimates the associated channel coefficients using a deflationary approach
Ngo, Thi Minh Hien. "Etude et construction d'une nouvelle classe de codes temps-espace en treillis pour les futurs systèmes MIMO." Rennes, INSA, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ISAR0015.
Full textNew class of QPSK Space Time Trellis Codes (STTC) for several transmit antennas is presented in this thesis. We propose to call these codes “Balanced STTC” because they use the points of the MIMO constellation with the same probability. Comparing to known codes, these codes offer the best performance. Therefore, the systematic search for good codes can be reduced to this class. It is shown that all the best published codes are balanced. This thesis presents an original method to design these balanced STTC and gives a complete list of the best 4-state et 16-state codes for 2 transmit antennas. Several balanced codes for 3 and 4 transmit antennas are also given
Thiery, Gwendoline. "Imagerie par désorption laser/spectrométrie de masse de multiples marqueurs spécifiques : développement de la technique TAMSIM "Targeted Multiplex Mass Spectrometry Imaging"." Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066253.
Full textMorlay, Alexandra. "Développement d'une méthode de détection multiplexe de bactéries pathogènes en matrice alimentaire se basant sur l'imagerie par résonance des plasmons de surface (SPRi)." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAV078.
Full textThe presence of pathogenic micro-organisms in foodstuff is a major concern for health safety. Regulations impose, in most cases, the research of low levels of these bacteria. Although reference methods are simple, they are time-consuming and can require several days before obtaining results. This is why one of the major challenges in food hygiene science is the development of sensitive and rapid methods, for the detection of one or more pathogens. These new technologies aim to decrease the occurrence of foodborne infections, while improving both the shelf life of food products and industrial production costs (long storage times, recalls …).In this context, the development of an alternative method has been carried out in this work, using a biosensor with a transduction based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR). Such optical technology offers multiple benefits: ease-of-use, real-time analysis, label-free process… Proofs of concept for the use of this technology in basic conditions, for the detection of model bacteria, have been described in the literature, mostly using antibodies as receptors, but the full operation in "real" conditions encountered in industrial facilities still has to be tested and optimizedThis manuscript thus describes the detection of foodborne pathogenic bacteria playing a major role in terms of prevalence and/or severity of the caused infection, whether Gram positive or negative. The production of efficient antibodies was optimized, resulting in polyclonal antibodies sensitive and specific for multiple bacterial genera. Dynamics of bacterial growths were analysed by SPR in an effort to identify the main factors having an impact on the detection. High resolution SPR was used for a better understanding of reactions occurring at the surface of the biosensor. These studies lead to the development of a system capable of multiplex detection of low bacterial inoculum in food samples (lettuce and powdered infant formula) within less than 24 hours
Sälzer, Thomas. "Transmission Strategies Employing Multiple Antennas for theDownlink of Multi-Carrier CDMA Systems." Rennes, INSA, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ISAR0004.
Full textMulti-Carrier CDMA (MC-CDMA) combining multi-carrier modulation and spreading in the frequency domain is a promising candidate for new air interfaces of future mobile radio systems. This thesis explores the potential of multiple antenna technologies for the downlink of an MC-CDMA system. Space-frequency transmit filtering is proposed for the case where instantaneous knowledge of the channel fading is available at the basestation. This approach can optimally exploit the spatial diversity of the channel and efficiently mitigate the multiple access interference. When only covariance knowledge is available, we propose transmit beamforming with direction-based spreading code assignment. This technique benefits from the antenna gain and from an implicit reduction of the interference. Both transmission strategies lead to an increased user capacity and simultaneously allow a transfer of implementation complexity from the mobile terminal to the basestation
Valette, Victorien. "Prévalences et impact de Wolbachia sur la diversité génétique chez les isopodes terrestres, Armadillidium vulgare et Porcellionides pruinosus." Thesis, Poitiers, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015POIT2322/document.
Full textGenetic diversity is a crucial component for the evolution of species in changing environments. In the isopods Armadillidium vulgare and Porcellionides pruinosus, infection with Wolbachia bacteria causes a feminization of males that could lead to strongly female-biased sex-ratios. This reduces the effective size of infected populations and may result in a decreased genetic diversity. Nevertheless, genetic diversity is known to be maintained in A. vulgare. This might be due to Wolbachia prevalences being too low to impact host populations, or to other factors, as for example males preferentially choosing genetic females for reproduction. Wolbachia prevalence has been monitored over several years in natural populations of A. vulgare using a new genotyping method. The results demonstrate (i) multiple Wolbachia infections and (ii) low prevalences of wVulM, wVulC and wVulP. The presence of a second feminizing factor, called f, is suspected in numerous populations. At the individual scale, Wolbachia seems to have an effect on the number of multiple paternities, since genetic females mate with more males than neo-females. Low Wolbachia prevalence and multiple mating may allow the maintenance of a high genetic diversity in A. vulgare populations. In P. pruinosus, Wolbachia prevalences are high and we observe high consanguinity rates. However, these rates might also result from fluctuations in population size due to a specialized and unstable habitat
Sahnine, Chawki. "Architecture de circuit intégré reconfigurable, très haut débit et basse consommation pour le traitement numérique de l'OFDM avancé." Grenoble INPG, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPG0008.
Full textMost current wireless LANs and future Beyond 3G and 4G mobile networks involve the multicarrier OFDM transmission, based itself on the digital processing of the fast Fourier transform. These systems should cover bandwidths in the order of several tens or even hundreds of MHz. The aim of this thesis was to study the architectures of integrated circuit for a high speed and multi-standard OFDM digital processing. These architectures require both higher speed processing to meet the required throughput, and reconfiguration for multi-standard applications. Moreover, these architectures should meet the requirement of reduced power consumption due to the embedded environment of mobile terminals. In terms of advanced solutions, one considers two different OFDM modulation patterns, the OFDM/ QAM and OFDM/OQAM. This latter requires a pulse shaping polyphase filter implemented in our study on the IOTA prototype function. One considers also SISO/MIMO functionalities. A comparative analysis of various FFT algorithms and architectures has led to identify the best approach which gives a good algorithm architecture adequation. This solution also incorporates the pulse shaping filter, more precisely implementing the IOTA function. One has therefore proposed a memory-based architecture using a time multiplexed operations on a coarse grained matrix optimized for the treatment of the FFT and of the pulse shaping filtering. This time approach allows a realization of advanced OFDM modulation for values of the parameter N, the number of subcarrier, from 64 to 8192 and the parameter L, the truncation length for pulse shaping filter, equal to 2, 4 and 8. The architecture of the matrix applies the same treatment on two or four streams of different samples, for modes MIMO 2x2 and 4x4 respectively. A strategy to manage memories has also been proposed. It is based on a memory banks approach to obtain various memory sizes and to enable the turn of the unnecessary memories. A first FPGA prototyping and an ASIC layout design have validated the functioning and the feasibility of the architecture. The FPGA prototyping platform used was the ML402 from Xilinx incorporating the FPGA XC4VSX35 from the Virtex-4 family. The ASIC layout design has been done using the submicronic 65 nm CMOS technology from STMicroelectronics. The performances obtained out of this architecture makes it a good candidate to cover the different standards based on OFDM modulation
Bouvet, Pierre-Jean. "Récepteurs itératifs pour systèmes multi-antennes." Rennes, INSA, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ISAR0021.
Full textGopala, Kalyana. "Multiple Antenna Communications for 5G." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS352.
Full textTime Division Duplexing (TDD) Massive Multiple Input Multiple Output (MaMIMO) with a massive number of base station (BS) antennas relies on channel reciprocity to obtain Channel State Information at Transmitter (CSIT). However the overall end to end digital channel is not reciprocal due to the presence of Transmit (Tx) and Receive (Rx) chains which need to be corrected using calibration factors. Our work provides a simple and elegant expression of the Cramer Rao Bound (CRB) for calibration parameter estimation. We provide analysis for the existing least squares approaches and propose optimal algorithms to estimate the calibration parameters. We also consider beamforming for a rapidly time-varying point to point MIMO link. In an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) sytem, this results in inter-carrier interference (ICI). With an assumption of linear channel variation across the OFDM symbol, it is observed that the beamformer design problem is similar to that of a MIMO Interfering Broadcast Channel (IBC) beamforming design. The beamformer design takes into account receive windowing using the excess cyclic prefix and the window is jointly designed with the Tx beamformer. In addition to full CSIT, we also investigate partial CSIT approaches that maximize Expected Weighted Sum Rate (EWSR) where the Tx has only partial knowledge of the channel. First, we use a large system approximation that also works well for a small number of Tx and Rx antennas to derive the beamformers. In our work, we also analyze the possibility of using the Expected-signal- expected-interference-WSR metric instead of the EWSR. Finally, experimental results on the Eurecom MaMIMO testbed are presented
Narmack, Samuel. "Functionalization and Evaluation of Nanoparticle Probes for the Development of a 14-Plex Diagnostic assay." Thesis, KTH, Kemi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-299949.
Full textThis work was a collaboration between Aplex Bio AB and Scilifelab with the aim of developing a molecular assay capable of detecting and discriminating between 14 different pathogenic targets. There are 4 chapters with focus on different goals. In chapter one a method of evaluating emissions of fluorescent nanoparticle clusters was developed. The first approach of evaluating nanoparticle emissions was to utilize click chemistry to bind nanoparticles to macroscale structures of amplified DNA targets. The second evaluated approach was the formation of aggregated complexes of nanoparticles and amplified DNA targets. The second chapter of the thesis used azide functionalized nanoparticles supplied by Aplex Bio AB to utilize azide groups as crosslinkers and use them to functionalize the nanoparticles with DBCO oligos. A hybridization-based method was then developed to quantify relative oligo densities on the nanoparticles, enabling reproducible oligo functionalization of nanoparticles, producing nanoparticle probes that can bind to DNA. The final task of chapter 2 was evaluating the binding efficiency and specificity of the developed nanoparticle probes. The third chapter of the thesis evaluated amplification of synthetic ssDNA sequences corresponding to genetic markers of 14 pathogenic targets using RCA. The goal was to confirm specificity of chosen padlock probes and corresponding synthetic targets for each pathogen. Specific amplification of each target was a prerequisite to enable detecting and discriminating between the 14 pathogenic targets. In chapter 4 the goal was to develop a cost-effective method of oligo functionalization for nanoparticles. This chapter evaluated two main approaches of using DBCO-NHS-ester reagents to perform DBCO modification of amine-oligos. The realization of this work would develop an assay that has the potential to impact the field of diagnostics on a global scale. When fully developed, the molecular assay can be modified to detect any RNA/DNA targets which enables numerous applications, making the assay a competitive diagnostic tool which can be implemented in existing microscopy systems.