Journal articles: 'Multiplexa'

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Hoff, Jana Midelfart, Maria Loane, Nils Erik Gilhus, Svein Rasmussen, and Anne Kjersti Daltveit. "Arthrogryposis multiplexa congenita: an epidemiologic study of nearly 9 million births in 24 EUROCAT registers." European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology 159, no. 2 (December 2011): 347–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejogrb.2011.09.027.

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Hanson, Stuart. "‘Entering the age of the hypermarket cinema’: The First Five Years of the Multiplex in the UK." Journal of British Cinema and Television 14, no. 4 (October 2017): 485–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/jbctv.2017.0390.

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During the first five years of its development from the opening of The Point in Milton Keynes in 1985, multiplex cinemas radically changed the previous exhibition landscape, modernising the business of cinema exhibition and shifting the site of film consumption to new, out-of-town shopping and leisure centres. This article considers certain key developments in that initial period of the multiplex cinema's introduction into the UK, with particular emphasis on three aspects of its diffusion: the importance of regeneration and enterprise, the multiplex's role in stimulating associated leisure and commercial developments, and its relationship to out-of-town and regional shopping developments. In order to illustrate these themes, the article will consider the opening of four complexes: The Cannon in Salford Quays, and the AMC multiplexes in Telford in Shropshire, in Sheffield and in Dudley Merry Hill in the West Midlands.

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Ellington, Allison A., Iftikhar J. Kullo, Kent R. Bailey, and George G. Klee. "Antibody-Based Protein Multiplex Platforms: Technical and Operational Challenges." Clinical Chemistry 56, no. 2 (February 1, 2010): 186–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2009.127514.

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AbstractBackground: The measurement of multiple protein biomarkers may refine risk stratification in clinical settings. This concept has stimulated development of multiplexed immunoassay platforms that provide multiple, parallel protein measurements on the same specimen.Content: We provide an overview of antibody-based multiplexed immunoassay platforms and discuss technical and operational challenges. Multiplexed immunoassays use traditional immunoassay principles in which high-affinity capture ligands are immobilized in parallel arrays in either planar format or on microspheres in suspension. Development of multiplexed immunoassays requires rigorous validation of assay configuration and analytical performance to minimize assay imprecision and inaccuracy. Challenges associated with multiplex configuration include selection and immobilization of capture ligands, calibration, interference between antibodies and proteins and assay diluents, and compatibility of assay limits of quantification. We discuss potential solutions to these challenges. Criteria for assessing analytical multiplex assay performance include the range of linearity, analytical specificity, recovery, and comparison to a quality reference method. Quality control materials are not well developed for multiplexed protein immunoassays, and algorithms for interpreting multiplex quality control data are needed.Summary: Technical and operational challenges have hindered implementation of multiplexed assays in clinical settings. Formal procedures that guide multiplex assay configuration, analytical validation, and quality control are needed before broad application of multiplexed arrays can occur in the in vitro diagnostic market.

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Woodbury, Nicole, Eric Bald, Brian Geist, and Tong-Yuan Yang. "Application of multiplexed pharmacokinetic immunoassay to quantify in vivo drug forms and coadministered biologics." Bioanalysis 11, no. 24 (December 2019): 2251–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4155/bio-2019-0147.

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Aim: Meso Scale Discovery U-PLEX® provides an opportunity to develop multiplexed pharmacokinetic (PK) immunoassays. Two case studies demonstrate the utility of multiplexed PK methods. Materials & methods: Development of PK ligand-binding assays quantify of nonclinical plasma concentrations of a biotherapeutic that has degraded due to in vivo biotransformation, and clinical serum concentrations from two biotherapeutics spiked into a single sample. Results: Data from multiplexed U-PLEX PK methods are comparable to results from single-readout streptavidin Meso Scale Discovery gold PK methods. Multiplex measurement of a nonclinical study showed acceptable performance for accuracy, precision and dilutional linearity while a clinical study additionally passed selectivity, specificity and stability. Conclusion: Regulated, validation-ready multiplex PK methods for both nonclinical and clinical studies allow opportunities for high-throughput bioanalysis.

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Annaházi, Anita, István Németh, Szabolcs Modok, Károly Szentpáli, László Tiszlavicz, Tibor Wittmann, and László Czakó. "Amyloidosis induced colonic stricture. The first symptom of myeloma multiplex. A case report." Orvosi Hetilap 149, no. 25 (June 1, 2008): 1181–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/oh.2008.28365.

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A szisztémás amyloidosis gyakran érinti a gastrointestinalis rendszert fekély vagy polypoid elváltozás formájában, a vastagbelet körkörösen szűkítő folyamat azonban különösen ritka. Amyloidosis előfordulása a λ-könnyűláncot termelő myeloma multiplexes betegek kb. 10%-ában várható, szövettanilag AL típusú. A hematológiai betegség diagnózisa azonban szinte minden esetben megelőzi a gastrointestinalis tünetek jelentkezését. Esetismertetés: Egy 73 éves nőbeteget anémia, hasi fájdalom, haematochesia miatt vizsgáltunk. A kolonoszkópia során körkörös sigmabélstenosis igazolódott, mely neoplasia gyanúját vetette fel. A szűkület megoldására sigmaresectio történt rectosigmoidealis anastomosissal. A resecatum szövettani vizsgálata AA-amyloidosist állapított meg. A kivizsgálás során a subcutan zsírszöveti biopszia szisztémás amyloidosis lehetőségét vetette fel. Az immunelektroforézis emelkedett gamma-globulin-frakciót, ezen belül IgG-λ-monoclonalis komponenst és egy másik λ-típusú könnyűlánckomponenst állapított meg. Ezért Jamshidi-biopszia történt, mely myeloma multiplexet igazolt. Következtetések: Betegünknél a ritka, vastagbelet obstruáló, tumort utánzó bélfali amyloidosis vezetett el a myeloma multiplex diagnózisához. A hematológiai kórkép célzott kezelése mellett ilyen esetben szükséges lehet a körülírt szűkület endoszkópos stentelése vagy a sebészi terápia.

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Zhang, Lian Jun. "The System Devise for Transmission of Multiplexed Testing Signals Using Spread Spectrum Technology Based on DSP." Advanced Materials Research 433-440 (January 2012): 3284–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.433-440.3284.

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In this paper spread spectrum transmission system of multiplex detecting signal is studied. The method of transmission after multiplex detecting based on signal spread spectrum and code division multiplexing is mentioned. The system realization for the transmission of multiplexed testing signals using spread spectrum technology based on DSP is discussed. The circuit system is devised and testing conclusion is normal.

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Perkins, Julie, Satya Parida, and Alfonso Clavijo. "Use of a Standardized Bovine Serum Panel To Evaluate a Multiplexed Nonstructural Protein Antibody Assay for Serological Surveillance of Foot-and-Mouth Disease." Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 14, no. 11 (October 3, 2007): 1472–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cvi.00227-07.

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ABSTRACT Liquid array technology has previously been used to show proof of principle of a multiplexed nonstructural protein serological assay to differentiate foot-and-mouth disease virus-infected and vaccinated animals. The current multiplexed assay consists of synthetically produced peptide signatures 3A, 3B, and 3D and the recombinant protein signature 3ABC in combination with four controls. To determine the diagnostic specificity of each signature in the multiplex, the assay was evaluated against a naive population (n = 104) and a vaccinated population (n = 94). Subsequently, the multiplexed assay was assessed by using a panel of bovine sera generated by the World Reference Laboratory for foot-and-mouth disease in Pirbright, United Kingdom. This serum panel has been used to assess the performance of other singleplex enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)-based nonstructural protein antibody assays. The 3ABC signature in the multiplexed assay showed performance comparable to that of a commercially available nonstructural protein 3ABC ELISA (Cedi test), and additional information pertaining to the relative diagnostic sensitivity of each signature in the multiplex was acquired in one experiment. The encouraging results of the evaluation of the multiplexed assay against a panel of diagnostically relevant samples promote further assay development and optimization to generate an assay for routine use in foot-and-mouth disease serological surveillance.

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Gerstel-Thompson, Jacalyn L., Jonathan F. Wilkey, Jennifer C. Baptiste, Jennifer S. Navas, Sung-Yun Pai, Kenneth A. Pass, Roger B. Eaton, and Anne Marie Comeau. "High-Throughput Multiplexed T-Cell–Receptor Excision Circle Quantitative PCR Assay with Internal Controls for Detection of Severe Combined Immunodeficiency in Population-Based Newborn Screening." Clinical Chemistry 56, no. 9 (September 1, 2010): 1466–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2010.144915.

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BACKGROUND Real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) targeting a specific marker of functional T cells, the T-cell–receptor excision circle (TREC), detects the absence of functional T cells and has a demonstrated clinical validity for detecting severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) in infants. There is need for a qPCR TREC assay with an internal control to monitor DNA quality and the relative cellular content of the particular dried blood spot punch sampled in each reaction. The utility of the qPCR TREC assay would also be far improved if more tests could be performed on the same newborn screening sample. METHODS We approached the multiplexing of qPCR for TREC by attenuating the reaction for the reference gene, with focus on maintaining tight quality assurance for reproducible slopes and for prevention of sample-to-sample cross contamination. Statewide newborn screening for SCID using the multiplexed assay was implemented, and quality-assurance data were recorded. RESULTS The multiplex qPCR TREC assay showed nearly 100% amplification efficiency for each of the TREC and reference sequences, clinical validity for multiple forms of SCID, and an analytic limit of detection consistent with prevention of contamination. The eluate and residual ghost from a 3.2-mm dried blood spot could be used as source material for multiplexed immunoassays and multiplexed DNA tests (Multiplex Plus), with no disruption to the multiplex TREC qPCR. CONCLUSIONS Population-based SCID newborn screening programs should consider multiplexing for quality assurance purposes. Potential benefits of using Multiplex Plus include the ability to perform multianalyte profiling.

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Sifta, Radim, Michal Latal, Petr Munster, and Tomas Horvath. "POL-MUX System for Noncoherent Optical Networks." Applied Sciences 11, no. 12 (June 16, 2021): 5582. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11125582.

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This paper is focused on applying a polarization multiplex to passive optical networks to double their transmission bandwidth without significant changes in the distribution network. Although polarization multiplexes are already employed for high-speed optical transport networks with digital signal processing and coherent detection, we propose a system that could be used in existing older optical networks using a dynamic polarization controller in combination with a wavelength division multiplex.

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Lotze, Kathleen. "Bringing the Multiplex to Antwerp: A Battle of Two Giants." TMG Journal for Media History 21, no. 1 (June 28, 2018): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.18146/2213-7653.2018.339.

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This article investigates the introduction of the first multiplex in Antwerp, Belgium. Within Europe, Belgium has traditionally been a leader in multiplex developments. Despite Antwerp’s powerful position in terms of national film exhibition and distribution, the city’s first multiplex arrived relatively late. By investigating the struggles of two major exhibitors in the late 1980s and early 1990s, this case of Antwerp connects to findings for other countries (particularly the UK and the US) concerning the effect of multiplexes on local exhibition structures and cinemagoing practices. In addition, it demonstrates how the specific time and location of the introduction of the city’s first multiplex were dictated by the particularities of the local exhibition market, including its structure, its economic and political key players and its integration into the city’s urban infrastructure.

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Liu, Mine Y., Antonios M. Xydakis, Ron C. Hoogeveen, Peter H. Jones, E. O’Brian Smith, Kathleen W. Nelson, and Christie M. Ballantyne. "Multiplexed Analysis of Biomarkers Related to Obesity and the Metabolic Syndrome in Human Plasma, Using the Luminex-100 System." Clinical Chemistry 51, no. 7 (July 1, 2005): 1102–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2004.047084.

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Abstract Background: The complex pathology of disease has sparked the development of novel protein expression profiling techniques that require validation in clinical settings. This study focuses on multiplexed analyses of adipocytokines and biomarkers linked to the metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Methods: Multiplexed immunoassays using fluorescent microspheres and the Luminex-100 system were performed on plasma from 80 obese patients (40 with the metabolic syndrome) before and after 6–8 weeks of diet-induced weight loss. Leptin, insulin, C-peptide, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), eotaxin, interleukin-8 (IL-8), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and IL-6 concentrations measured with multiplex panels from 3 different manufacturers were compared with results from commercial ELISAs. Detection limits and between- and within-run imprecision were determined for each analyte. Bland–Altman analysis was used to determine agreement between multiplexed immunoassays and ELISAs. Results: Correlation between the Luminex multiplexed assays and ELISAs was good for leptin (Linco), insulin (Linco), MCP-1 (Biosource and Upstate), and eotaxin (Biosource) with correlation coefficients of 0.711–0.895; fair for eotaxin (Upstate) and C-peptide (Linco) with correlation coefficients of 0.496–0.582; and poor for TNF-α, IL-8, and IL-6 (Linco, Biosource, Upstate, and R&D) with correlation coefficients of −0.107 to 0.318. Within- and between-run imprecision values for the multiplex method were generally <15%. Relative changes in plasma leptin and insulin concentrations after diet-induced weight loss were similar whether assessed by multiplex assay or ELISA. Conclusion: Although this technology appears useful in clinical research studies, low assay sensitivity and poor correlations with conventional ELISA methods for some analytes with very low plasma concentrations should be considered when using the Luminex platform in clinical studies.

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Marcoux-Valiquette, Paule, Cécile Darviot, Lu Wang, Andrée-Anne Grosset, Morteza Hasanzadeh Kafshgari, Mirela Birela, Sergiy Patskovsky, Dominique Trudel, and Michel Meunier. "Multiplexed Plasmonic Nano-Labeling for Bioimaging of Cytological Stained Samples." Cancers 13, no. 14 (July 13, 2021): 3509. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13143509.

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Reliable cytopathological diagnosis requires new methods and approaches for the rapid and accurate determination of all cell types. This is especially important when the number of cells is limited, such as in the cytological samples of fine-needle biopsy. Immunoplasmonic-multiplexed- labeling may be one of the emerging solutions to such problems. However, to be accepted and used by the practicing pathologists, new methods must be compatible and complementary with existing cytopathology approaches where counterstaining is central to the correct interpretation of immunolabeling. In addition, the optical detection and imaging setup for immunoplasmonic-multiplexed-labeling must be implemented on the same cytopathological microscope, not interfere with standard H&E imaging, and operate as a second easy-to-use imaging method. In this article, we present multiplex imaging of four types of nanoplasmonic markers on two types of H&E-stained cytological specimens (formalin-fixed paraffin embedded and non-embedded adherent cancer cells) using a specially designed adapter for SI dark-field microscopy. The obtained results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed optical method for quantitative and multiplex identification of various plasmonic NPs, and the possibility of using immunoplasmonic-multiplexed-labeling for cytopathological diagnostics.

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BAILEY, MATTHEW. "Shopping for entertainment: malls and multiplexes in Sydney, Australia." Urban History 42, no. 2 (November 11, 2014): 309–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963926814000583.

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ABSTRACTThis article examines multiplex cinema development and its close association with shopping centre expansion programmes in Australia. The article argues that while multiplex cinema construction in Australia echoed international developments, it also resulted from coalescing interests between local retail developers and film exhibitors, was guided by planning legislation and shaped by escalating institutional investment in the retail industry. Data mapping the emergence, growth and consolidation of multiplexes in Sydney, Australia's largest city, is used to illustrate this development, contributing to urban histories of the city and understandings of the ways in which its contours have been reshaped by consumer capitalism.

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Collins, Alan, Chris Hand, and Andrew Ryder. "The Lure of the Multiplex? The Interplay of Time, Distance, and Cinema Attendance." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 37, no. 3 (March 2005): 483–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a3756.

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Models of cinema demand have tended to employ aggregate data and focus on price and income as key variables. Surprisingly, the effects of travel time and location have not been formally investigated. The authors do so, following developments in the environmental economics literature, by presenting estimates of individual travel cost models for multiplex and nonmultiplex cinemas. A key finding is that travel time has a significant negative effect on nonmultiplex cinema trips, but that this does not hold for multiplex trips; reasons for this are advanced. In the case of multiplex cinema trips, a range of phenomena relating to minimising time-cost uncertainty are shown to be significant. The authors also contribute to an explanation for the ‘overscreening’ phenomenon observed in the United Kingdom and the USA, which has led to the closure of some relatively recently built multiplexes.

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Li Jianzhong, 李建中, 刘寿先 Liu Shouxian, 刘俊 Liu Jun, 彭其先 Peng Qixian, 雷江波 Lei Jiangbo, and 田建华 Tian Jianhua. "Research on Multiplex Technology and Experiment of Multiplexed Photonic Doppler Velocimetry." Chinese Journal of Lasers 41, no. 11 (2014): 1105009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/cjl201441.1105009.

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Wang, Jun. "Multiplex In Situ Tagging Technology for Highly Multiplexed Single-Cell Analysis." Biophysical Journal 116, no. 3 (February 2019): 446a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2018.11.2404.

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Chowdhury, Tasnuva, and Mohammad Nasir Uddin. "OCDMA System Using Two Code Keying Encryption Introducing a SOA Based CMUX And CDEMUX Over a WDM System." AIUB Journal of Science and Engineering (AJSE) 18, no. 1 (May 31, 2019): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.53799/ajse.v18i1.17.

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This paper introduces an Optical Code Division multiplexing (OCDMA) system using two code keying encryptions. In this paper proposed OCDMA system is designed using Semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs) which has nonlinear character and can implementor different logic functions. SOA based 2 × 1 Codeword Multiplexer (CMUX) is designed to multiplex the user data and a 1 × 2 Codeword DE Multiplexer (CDEMUX) to demodulate the user data. Then a multiple user access is provided using WDM system to design the whole OCDMA system. Transmission distance of 70 km is achieved with acceptable bit error rate and Q factor. Open eye diagram is also verified at the receiving end.

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O’Connor, Fiona, Desmond Fitzgerald, and Ronan Murphy. "An Automated Heteroduplex Assay for the PlA Polymorphism of Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa, Multiplexed with Two Prothrombotic Genetic Markers." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 83, no. 02 (2000): 248–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1613795.

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SummaryScreening for the PlA polymorphism has been made faster and simpler with the advent of heteroduplex technology. Simultaneous screening for three common prothrombotic polymorphisms PlA, factor V Leiden, and MTHFR(C677T) has been achieved with multiplex heteroduplex analysis. We describe a quick and simple method for PlA heteroduplex probe production. The probe was multiplexed with heteroduplex probes for MTHFR(C677T) and factor V Leiden polymorphisms in a one tube assay, allowing rapid automated genotyping of all three. This automated multiplex assay was applied to a cohort of 165 patients and showed excellent correlation with gel-based assays, both PAGE and RFLP. This approach will facilitate the analysis of multiple polymorphisms in complex disease in large populations.

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Taube, Janis M., Guray Akturk, Michael Angelo, Elizabeth L. Engle, Sacha Gnjatic, Shirley Greenbaum, Noah F. Greenwald, et al. "The Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer statement on best practices for multiplex immunohistochemistry (IHC) and immunofluorescence (IF) staining and validation." Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer 8, no. 1 (May 2020): e000155. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jitc-2019-000155.

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ObjectivesThe interaction between the immune system and tumor cells is an important feature for the prognosis and treatment of cancer. Multiplex immunohistochemistry (mIHC) and multiplex immunofluorescence (mIF) analyses are emerging technologies that can be used to help quantify immune cell subsets, their functional state, and their spatial arrangement within the tumor microenvironment.MethodsThe Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC) convened a task force of pathologists and laboratory leaders from academic centers as well as experts from pharmaceutical and diagnostic companies to develop best practice guidelines for the optimization and validation of mIHC/mIF assays across platforms.ResultsRepresentative outputs and the advantages and disadvantages of mIHC/mIF approaches, such as multiplexed chromogenic IHC, multiplexed immunohistochemical consecutive staining on single slide, mIF (including multispectral approaches), tissue-based mass spectrometry, and digital spatial profiling are discussed.ConclusionsmIHC/mIF technologies are becoming standard tools for biomarker studies and are likely to enter routine clinical practice in the near future. Careful assay optimization and validation will help ensure outputs are robust and comparable across laboratories as well as potentially across mIHC/mIF platforms. Quantitative image analysis of mIHC/mIF output and data management considerations will be addressed in a complementary manuscript from this task force.

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Duewer, David L., and John M. Butler. "Multiplex_QA: An exploratory quality assessment tool for multiplexed electrophoretic assays." ELECTROPHORESIS 27, no. 19 (October 2006): 3735–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elps.200600116.

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Kozdrowski, Stanisław, Mateusz Żotkiewicz, and Sławomir Sujecki. "Optimization of Optical Networks Based on CDC-ROADM Technology." Applied Sciences 9, no. 3 (January 24, 2019): 399. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9030399.

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New generation of optical nodes in dense wavelength division multiplexed networks enables operators to improve service flexibility and make significant savings, both in operational and capital expenditures. Thus the main objective of the study is to minimize optical node resources, such as transponders, multiplexers and wavelength selective switches, needed to provide and maintain high quality dense wavelength division multiplexed network services using new generation of optical nodes. A model based on integer programming is proposed, which includes a detailed description of an optical network node. The impact on the network performance of conventional reconfigurable optical add drop multiplexer technology is compared with colorless, directionless and contentionless approaches. The main focus of the presented study is the analysis of the network congestion problem arising in the context of both reconfigurable optical add drop multiplexer technologies. The analysis is supported by results of numerical experiments carried out for realistic networks of different dimensions and traffic demand sets.

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Bortolin, Susan, Margot Black, Hemanshu Modi, Ihor Boszko, Daniel Kobler, Dan Fieldhouse, Eve Lopes, et al. "Analytical Validation of the Tag-It High-Throughput Microsphere-Based Universal Array Genotyping Platform: Application to the Multiplex Detection of a Panel of Thrombophilia-Associated Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms." Clinical Chemistry 50, no. 11 (November 1, 2004): 2028–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2004.035071.

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Abstract Background: We have developed a novel, microsphere-based universal array platform referred to as the Tag-It™ platform. This platform is suitable for high-throughput clinical genotyping applications and was used for multiplex analysis of a panel of thrombophilia-associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Methods: Genomic DNA from 132 patients was amplified by multiplex PCR using 6 primer sets, followed by multiplex allele-specific primer extension using 12 universally tagged genotyping primers. The products were then sorted on the Tag-It array and detected by use of the Luminex xMAP™ system. Genotypes were also determined by sequencing. Results: Empirical validation of the universal array showed that the highest nonspecific signal was 3.7% of the specific signal. Patient genotypes showed 100% concordance with direct DNA sequencing data for 736 SNP determinations. Conclusions: The Tag-It microsphere-based universal array platform is a highly accurate, multiplexed, high-throughput SNP-detection platform.

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Hayden, Matthew J., Thao M. Nguyen, Amanda Waterman, and Kenneth J. Chalmers. "Multiplex-Ready PCR: A new method for multiplexed SSR and SNP genotyping." BMC Genomics 9, no. 1 (2008): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2164-9-80.

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Chu, J., D. Chu, and Q. Smithwick. "Encoding and Multiplexing of 2D Images with Orbital Angular Momentum Beams and the Use for Multiview Color Displays." Research 2019 (February 12, 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.34133/2019/9564593.

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The orthogonal nature of different orbital angular momentum modes enables information transmission in optical communications with increased bandwidth through mode division multiplexing. So far the related works have been focused on using orbital angular momentum modes to encode/decode and multiplex point-based on-axis signals for maximum data channel numbers and capacity. Whether orbital angular momentum modes can be utilized to encode/decode off-axis signals for multiplexing in two-dimensional space is of significant importance both fundamentally and practically for its enormous potential in increasing the channel information capacity. In this work, a direct use of orbital angular momentum modes to encode/decode and multiplex two-dimensional images is realized in a scalable multiview display architecture, which can be utilized for viewing three-dimensional images from different angles. The effect of off-axis encoding/decoding and the resultant crosstalk between multiplexed different two-dimensional views are studied. Based on which, a color display of good image quality with four independent views is demonstrated. The resolution of the decoded images is analyzed and the limitation of this approach discussed. Moreover, a spatially multiplexed data communication scheme is also proposed with such a two-dimensional encoding/decoding approach to significantly enhance the data transmission capacity in free space for future data communication needs.

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Chu, J., D. Chu, and Q. Smithwick. "Encoding and Multiplexing of 2D Images with Orbital Angular Momentum Beams and the Use for Multiview Color Displays." Research 2019 (February 12, 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/9564593.

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The orthogonal nature of different orbital angular momentum modes enables information transmission in optical communications with increased bandwidth through mode division multiplexing. So far the related works have been focused on using orbital angular momentum modes to encode/decode and multiplex point-based on-axis signals for maximum data channel numbers and capacity. Whether orbital angular momentum modes can be utilized to encode/decode off-axis signals for multiplexing in two-dimensional space is of significant importance both fundamentally and practically for its enormous potential in increasing the channel information capacity. In this work, a direct use of orbital angular momentum modes to encode/decode and multiplex two-dimensional images is realized in a scalable multiview display architecture, which can be utilized for viewing three-dimensional images from different angles. The effect of off-axis encoding/decoding and the resultant crosstalk between multiplexed different two-dimensional views are studied. Based on which, a color display of good image quality with four independent views is demonstrated. The resolution of the decoded images is analyzed and the limitation of this approach discussed. Moreover, a spatially multiplexed data communication scheme is also proposed with such a two-dimensional encoding/decoding approach to significantly enhance the data transmission capacity in free space for future data communication needs.

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Kiliç, Hasan Basri, Bengisu Kevser Bulduk, and Y. Çetin Kocaefe. "A single-tube multiplex qPCR assay for mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number assessment." Turkish Journal of Biochemistry 44, no. 6 (December 18, 2019): 769–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/tjb-2018-0372.

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Abstract Objective Detection of mtDNA copy number is required for diagnosis of mtDNA depletion. Multiplex quantification of mtDNA in blood samples was claimed via normalizing to a nuclear single copy gene using qPCR. This is not possible in high mtDNA samples due to template abundance. Multiplex qPCR assays cannot be normalized to single copy sequences of the nuclear genome. Methods mtDNA quantification was tested normalizing to a single copy nuclear gene via singleplex and multiplex reactions. Failure in normalization directed to design and test targeting multi-copy 18S rDNA gene with success. mtDNA quantification was standardized both in separate and multiplexed single-tube reactions based on molecular beacon technology. Results mtDNA copy number assessment cannot be normalized to a single copy sequence in high-copy-number tissues. However, normalizing mtDNA to the nuclear 18S rDNA multiple copy sequence is amenable to be standardized in single tube. When compared, multiplexing exhibited higher resolution power for quantification of mtDNA in various samples from the most abundant to the scant ones. Conclusion We describe a multiplex assay that can be translated as a standard technique for single-tube quantification of mtDNA copy number. Our findings show higher accuracy and reproducibility over canonical approach, reducing cost and error rate.

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Chang, Sun Hyok, Hwan Seok Chung, Nicolas K. Fontaine, Roland Ryf, Kyung Jun Park, Kwangjoon Kim, Jyung Chan Lee, Jong Hyun Lee, Byoung Yoon Kim, and Young Kie Kim. "Mode division multiplexed optical transmission enabled by all–fiber mode multiplexer." Optics Express 22, no. 12 (June 3, 2014): 14229. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.22.014229.

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Kitayama, K. "Subcarrier-multiplexed signaling based add/drop multiplexer in optical FDM networks." IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 8, no. 6 (June 1996): 836–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/68.502111.

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Chiang, Chia-Han, Sang Min Won, Amy L. Orsborn, Ki Jun Yu, Michael Trumpis, Brinnae Bent, Charles Wang, et al. "Development of a neural interface for high-definition, long-term recording in rodents and nonhuman primates." Science Translational Medicine 12, no. 538 (April 8, 2020): eaay4682. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.aay4682.

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Long-lasting, high-resolution neural interfaces that are ultrathin and flexible are essential for precise brain mapping and high-performance neuroprosthetic systems. Scaling to sample thousands of sites across large brain regions requires integrating powered electronics to multiplex many electrodes to a few external wires. However, existing multiplexed electrode arrays rely on encapsulation strategies that have limited implant lifetimes. Here, we developed a flexible, multiplexed electrode array, called “Neural Matrix,” that provides stable in vivo neural recordings in rodents and nonhuman primates. Neural Matrix lasts over a year and samples a centimeter-scale brain region using over a thousand channels. The long-lasting encapsulation (projected to last at least 6 years), scalable device design, and iterative in vivo optimization described here are essential components to overcoming current hurdles facing next-generation neural technologies.

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DIAZ-OTERO, FRANCISCO J., and PEDRO CHAMORRO-POSADA. "MULTICHANNEL SOLITON COLLISIONS IN STRONGLY DISPERSION MANAGED WDM TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS." Journal of Nonlinear Optical Physics & Materials 21, no. 03 (September 2012): 1250034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218863512500348.

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We study the collision-induced timing jitter of optical solitons in dispersion managed wavelength-division multiplexed communication systems. The work presented here is an extension of previous analyzes of two-pulse interactions to the multiple channel case. The numerical study is based on a system of ordinary differential equations obtained using a variational approach that models the evolution of the main parameters of the propagating pulses. We explain the mechanism associated with inter-channel interactions and study the evolution of multiplexed soliton trains and the resulting frequency shift induced jitter as the map strength is varied. The results obtained indicate a strong dependence of the frequency shifts on the position of the channel within the multiplex and the existence of patterns for the frequency shifts that depend on the parity of the number of channels.

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Nakhla, Mark K., Kristina J. Owens, Wenbin Li, Gang Wei, Andrea M. Skantar, and Laurene Levy. "Multiplex Real-Time PCR Assays for the Identification of the Potato Cyst and Tobacco Cyst Nematodes." Plant Disease 94, no. 8 (August 2010): 959–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-94-8-0959.

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TaqMan primer-probe sets were developed for the detection and identification of potato cyst nematodes (PCNs) Globodera pallida and G. rostochiensis using two-tube, multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). One tube contained a primer-probe set specific for G. pallida (pale potato cyst nematode) multiplexed with another primer-probe set specific for G. rostochiensis (golden potato cyst nematode). A second tube consisted of the G. pallida-specific primer-probe set multiplexed with a primer-probe set specific for G. tabacum (the morphologically similar tobacco cyst nematode). This internal transcribed spacer rDNA-based system was specific for the Globodera spp. of interest and successfully identified several populations of PCN. This rapid, sensitive, and specific quantitative PCR assay presents a useful tool for PCN regulatory response and management programs.

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Martins, Thomas B., Ryan J. Welch, Harry R. Hill, and Christine M. Litwin. "Comparison of a Multiplexed Herpes Simplex Virus Type-Specific Immunoglobulin G Serology Assay to Immunoblot, Western Blot, and Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays." Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 16, no. 1 (November 19, 2008): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cvi.00351-08.

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ABSTRACT The human herpes simplex virus (HSV) is highly pathogenic, with infections caused by two distinct antigenic types, HSV-1 and HSV-2. Differentiation of antibodies to these specific antigens can provide useful information for the diagnosis of subclinical or undiagnosed HSV-2 infections, as well as for reducing the risk of maternal transfer of HSV to the neonate. In this study, a multiplex assay capable of concurrent detection of HSV-1 and -2 immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies was compared to immunoblot, Western blot, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Agreement of the multiplex assay was 95% or greater (n = 332) for both HSV-1 and -2 compared to the three assays. Sensitivities for HSV-1 ranged from 94.9 to 97.9%, with specificities of 93 to 97%. For HSV-2, the sensitivity and specificity ranges were 92.6 to 98.9% and 98.3 to 98.7%, respectively. Our studies show that the multiplexed microsphere-based assay offers a sensitive and specific alternative method for the detection HSV-1 and -2 type-specific antibodies. Advantages of the multiplex assay include multiple results per assay, the inclusion of internal controls for each specimen, and higher throughput of results.

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Du, Pei, Lifang Zhuang, Yanzhi Wang, Li Yuan, Qing Wang, Danrui Wang, Dawadondup, et al. "Development of oligonucleotides and multiplex probes for quick and accurate identification of wheat and Thinopyrum bessarabicum chromosomes." Genome 60, no. 2 (February 2017): 93–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/gen-2016-0095.

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In comparison with general FISH for preparing probes in terms of time and cost, synthesized oligonucleotide (oligo hereafter) probes for FISH have many advantages such as ease of design, synthesis, and labeling. Low cost and high sensitivity and resolution of oligo probes greatly simplify the FISH procedure as a simple, fast, and efficient method of chromosome identification. In this study, we developed new oligo and oligo multiplex probes to accurately and efficiently distinguish wheat (Triticum aestivum, 2n = 6x, AABBDD) and Thinopyrum bessarabicum (2n = 2x = 14, JJ) chromosomes. The oligo probes contained more nucleotides or more repeat units that produced stronger signals for more efficient chromosome painting. Four Th. bessarabicum-specific oligo probes were developed based on genomic DNA sequences of Th. bessarabicum chromosome arm 4JL, and one of them (oligo DP4J27982) was pooled with the oligo multiplex #1 to simultaneously detect wheat and Th. bessarabicum chromosomes for quick and accurate identification of Chinese Spring (CS) – Th. bessarabicum alien chromosome introgression lines. Oligo multiplex #4 revealed chromosome variations among CS and eight wheat cultivars by a single round of FISH analysis. This research demonstrated the high efficiency of using oligos and oligo multiplexes in chromosome identification and manipulation.

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van der Wal, Fimme J., René P. Achterberg, Conny van Solt-Smits, Jan H. W. Bergervoet, Marjanne de Weerdt, and Henk J. Wisselink. "Exploring target-specific primer extension in combination with a bead-based suspension array for multiplexed detection and typing using Streptococcus suis as a model pathogen." Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 30, no. 1 (October 5, 2017): 71–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1040638717730384.

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We investigated the feasibility of an assay based on target-specific primer extension, combined with a suspension array, for the multiplexed detection and typing of a veterinary pathogen in animal samples, using Streptococcus suis as a model pathogen. A procedure was established for simultaneous detection of 6 S. suis targets in pig tonsil samples (i.e., 4 genes associated with serotype 1, 2, 7, or 9, the generic S. suis glutamate dehydrogenase gene [ gdh], and the gene encoding the extracellular protein factor [ epf]). The procedure was set up as a combination of protocols: DNA isolation from porcine tonsils, a multiplex PCR, a multiplex target-specific primer extension, and finally a suspension array as the readout. The resulting assay was compared with a panel of conventional PCR assays. The proposed multiplex assay can correctly identify the serotype of isolates and is capable of simultaneous detection of multiple targets in porcine tonsillar samples. The assay is not as sensitive as the current conventional PCR assays, but with the correct sampling strategy, the assay can be useful for screening pig herds to establish which S. suis serotypes are circulating in a pig population.

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Bartosh, Anastasiya V., Dmitriy V. Sotnikov, Olga D. Hendrickson, Anatoly V. Zherdev, and Boris B. Dzantiev. "Design of Multiplex Lateral Flow Tests: A Case Study for Simultaneous Detection of Three Antibiotics." Biosensors 10, no. 3 (February 27, 2020): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios10030017.

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The presented study is focused on the impact of binding zone location on immunochromatographic test strips on the analytical parameters of multiplex lateral flow assays. Due to non-equilibrium conditions for such assays the duration of immune reactions influences significantly the analytical parameters, and the integration of several analytes into one multiplex strip may cause an essential decrease of sensitivity. To choose the best location for binding zones, we have tested reactants for immunochromatographic assays of lincomycin, chloramphenicol, and tetracycline. The influence of the distance to the binding zones on the intensity of coloration and limit of detection (LOD) was rather different. Basing on the data obtained, the best order of binding zones was chosen. In comparison with non-optimal location the LODs were 5–10 fold improved. The final assay provides LODs 0.4, 0.4 and 1.0 ng/mL for lincomycin, chloramphenicol, and tetracycline, respectively. The proposed approach can be applied for multiplexed assays of other analytes.

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Kim, Hanbi, Hee Jae Huh, Eunkyoung Park, Doo-Ryeon Chung, and Minhee Kang. "Multiplex Molecular Point-of-Care Test for Syndromic Infectious Diseases." BioChip Journal 15, no. 1 (February 15, 2021): 14–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13206-021-00004-5.

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AbstractPoint-of-care (POC) molecular diagnostics for clinical microbiology and virology has primarily focused on the detection of a single pathogen. More recently, it has transitioned into a comprehensive syndromic approach that employs multiplex capabilities, including the simultaneous detection of two or more pathogens. Multiplex POC tests provide higher accuracy to for actionable decisionmaking in critical care, which leads to pathogen-specific treatment and standardized usages of antibiotics that help prevent unnecessary processes. In addition, these tests can be simple enough to operate at the primary care level and in remote settings where there is no laboratory infrastructure. This review focuses on state-of-the-art multiplexed molecular point-of-care tests (POCT) for infectious diseases and efforts to overcome their limitations, especially related to inadequate throughput for the identification of syndromic diseases. We also discuss promising and imperative clinical POC approaches, as well as the possible hurdles of their practical applications as front-line diagnostic tests.

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Higgins, Silvio Salej, Neylson Crepalde, and Ivan L. Fernandes. "Is social cohesion produced by weak ties or by multiplex ties? Rival hypotheses regarding leader networks in urban community settings." PLOS ONE 16, no. 9 (September 27, 2021): e0257527. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0257527.

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In his seminal work, Mark Granovetter (1973) challenged sociologists to test sociometric hypotheses regarding collective action in communitarian settings. In this article, we tested the two main hypotheses which consider social cohesion in communitarian urban settings–these being firstly cohesion by weak ties and secondly cohesion by multiplex ties. We studied the elite leaders of two slum communities of Belo Horizonte (Brazil). Three social processes were examined as multiplex interactions: recognized status, exchange of useful information and collaboration. Our findings reveal, on the one hand, that multiplexity is associated with the frequency of ties and, on the other, that reciprocity and shared domains of performance fuel such strong multiplexity. If we assume that elite connections conform to a high order structure, our findings, in contrast to previously well-established hypotheses, reveal a segmented social order in which multiplexity does not mean the overlapping of social circles. On the contrary, multiplexed social exchanges are restricted to specialized domains.

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Millholland, J., S. G. Patel, C. A. Fernandez, and A. P. Shuber. "Development of a real-time multiplex PCR assay for the detection of FGFR3 mutations in urine." Journal of Clinical Oncology 29, no. 7_suppl (March 1, 2011): 271. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2011.29.7_suppl.271.

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271 Background: We have recently reported the development of a Multi-Analyte Diagnostic Readout (MADR) non-invasive assay using urinary matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and FGFR3 as triage monitors in high-risk bladder cancer populations. This concept combines the marker performance characteristics of protein and DNA biomarkers into one assay for optimal performance. Eight common FGFR3 mutations in 3 exons have been associated with bladder cancer. Analysis of mutational status for each single mutation required 8 amplification steps, which were costly and time consuming. We have now developed a real-time multiplexed FGFR3 assay, generating a cost-effective, clinically applicable assay for the detection of FGFR3 mutations in urine. Methods: Our approach involves a two-step PCR amplification process. The initial round generates exon specific PCR products, which are then used as template for real-time PCR mutation detection utilizing locked nucleic acid (LNA) oligonucleotides. The LNA suppress wild-type DNA amplification. To convert our existing FGFR3 assay to a multiplex format, primary amplifications of exons 7, 10, and 15 were combined into a single real-time PCR assay for exon specific amplification and DNA quantitation. The LNA-mediated mutation detection was then converted from 4 reactions to 2 duplex amplifications. All multiplex assays were carried out on the Roche LC 480 real-time PCR platform. Results: To validate the new multiplex format, FGFR3 multiplex analysis was performed on DNA isolated from 50 Ta stage bladder tumors. FGFR3 mutations were detected in 90% (48/50) of the tumors. To directly compare performance with single mutation analysis, 40 urine samples previously analyzed using the singleplex format were again tested using the multiplex FGFR3 assay. 100% concordance was seen between the two assay formats. Conclusions: By multiplexing the FGFR3 mutation analysis we reduced the number of amplification steps, improving assay turnaround time and throughput, without compromising assay performance. The FGFR3 multiplex analysis provides a robust, cost-effective DNA assay that in combination with MMP protein analysis delivers a clinically applicable assay with optimal performance. [Table: see text]

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Rojas, J. Alejandro, Timothy D. Miles, Michael D. Coffey, Frank N. Martin, and Martin I. Chilvers. "Development and Application of qPCR and RPA Genus- and Species-Specific Detection of Phytophthora sojae and P. sansomeana Root Rot Pathogens of Soybean." Plant Disease 101, no. 7 (July 2017): 1171–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-09-16-1225-re.

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Phytophthora root rot of soybean, caused by Phytophthora sojae, is one of the most important diseases in the Midwestern United States, and is estimated to cause losses of up to 1.2 million metric tons per year. Disease may also be caused by P. sansomeana; however, the prevalence and damage caused by this species is not well known, partly due to limitations of current diagnostic tools. Efficient, accurate, and sensitive detection of pathogens is crucial for management. Thus, multiplex qPCR and isothermal RPA (recombinase polymerase amplification) assays were developed using a hierarchical approach to detect these Phytophthora spp. The assays consist of a genus-specific probe and two species-specific probes that target the atp9-nad9 region of the mitochondrial genome that is highly specific for the genus Phytophthora. The qPCR approach multiplexes the three probes and a plant internal control. The RPA assays run each probe independently with a plant internal control multiplexed in one amplification, obtaining a result in as little as 20 mins. The multicopy mitochondrial genome provides sensitivity with sufficient variability to discern among different Phytophthora spp. The assays were highly specific when tested against a panel of 100 Phytophthora taxa and range of Pythium spp. The consistent detection level of the assay was 100 fg for the qPCR assay and 10 pg for the RPA assay. The assays were validated on symptomatic plants collected from Michigan (U.S.) and Ontario (Canada) during the 2013 field season, showing correlation with isolation. In 2014, the assays were validated with samples from nine soybean producing states in the U.S. The assays are valuable diagnostic tools for detection of Phytophthora spp. affecting soybean.

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Vécsei, László. "Ellentmondások a neurológiában: A sclerosis multiplex diagnózisának, követésének és terápiájának aktuális kérdései a patomechanizmus megközelítésével." Ideggyógyászati szemle 74, no. 7-8 (2021): 249–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.18071/isz.74.0249.

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A sclerosis multiplex relapszáló-remittáló és progresszív formái közötti határvonal sokszor nehezen megállapítható. A kórkép különböző klinikai megjelenései (fenotípusai) ellenére nincs egyértelmű biológiai oka az egyes formák elkülönítésének. Mind a primer progresszív, mind pedig a szekunder eseteknél ugyanis hasonló patológiai eltérések észlelhetők a gyulladásos infiltráció, az axonalis károsodás és a corticalis demyelinisatio vonatkozásában. Felmerül a kérdés, hogy a primer progresszív sclerosis multiplexet megelőzheti egy aszimptomatikus (fel nem ismert) relapszáló-remittáló fázis. A szekunder progresszív sclerosis multiplex meghatározásához a betegnek 4-es EDSS-értéke kell, hogy legyen. Következésképpen a klinikai progresszió a korai fázisban kevéssé követett a betegeknél. Ismert továbbá a relapszusoktól függetlenül előrehaladó progresszió, ami észlelhető a betegség relapszáló-remittáló fázisában. A háttérben zajló lappangó, parázsló celluláris/molekuláris folyamatok meghatározzák a klinikai történést, amik a gyógyszeres terápia fontos célpontjai lehetnek. Ugyanakkor a proinflammatorikus citokinek összefüggésbe hozhatók a rosszabbodó kognícióval. Ez a gyulladásos környezet igen komolyan közrejátszhat a relapszus alatt megfigyelt mentális állapot kialakulásában. A betegeknél a motoros (fizikai) rosszabbodást jóval megelőzően rejtett kognitív teljesítménycsökkenés észlelhető. A relapszáló-remittáló fázisban észlelt silent progression pedig kapcsolatban lehet az agyi atrophia előrehaladásával. Levonható tehát az a következetés, hogy a szekunder progresszív fázisban észlelt folyamat jóval előbb elkezdődhet. Ezek az adatok a sclerosis multiplex egységes szemléletét erősítik, és felvetik a lehetőséget, hogy a betegség valójában egy primer progresszív kórkép, amire relapszusok rakódnak.

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Krausz, Alyse D., Frederick K. Korley, and Mark A. Burns. "A Variable Height Microfluidic Device for Multiplexed Immunoassay Analysis of Traumatic Brain Injury Biomarkers." Biosensors 11, no. 9 (September 7, 2021): 320. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios11090320.

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Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of global morbidity and mortality, partially due to the lack of sensitive diagnostic methods and efficacious therapies. Panels of protein biomarkers have been proposed as a way of diagnosing and monitoring TBI. To measure multiple TBI biomarkers simultaneously, we present a variable height microfluidic device consisting of a single channel that varies in height between the inlet and outlet and can passively multiplex bead-based immunoassays by trapping assay beads at the point where their diameter matches the channel height. We developed bead-based quantum dot-linked immunosorbent assays (QLISAs) for interleukin-6 (IL-6), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and interleukin-8 (IL-8) using DynabeadsTM M-450, M-270, and MyOneTM, respectively. The IL-6 and GFAP QLISAs were successfully multiplexed using a variable height channel that ranged in height from ~7.6 µm at the inlet to ~2.1 µm at the outlet. The IL-6, GFAP, and IL-8 QLISAs were also multiplexed using a channel that ranged in height from ~6.3 µm at the inlet to ~0.9 µm at the outlet. Our system can keep pace with TBI biomarker discovery and validation, as additional protein biomarkers can be multiplexed simply by adding in antibody-conjugated beads of different diameters.

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Jang, Wookyoung, Jiwoo Kim, Seok Joon Mun, Sun Min Kim, and Ki Wan Bong. "Highly Magnetized Encoded Hydrogel Microparticles with Enhanced Rinsing Capabilities for Efficient microRNA Detection." Biomedicines 9, no. 7 (July 20, 2021): 848. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9070848.

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Encoded hydrogel microparticles mounting DNA probes are powerful tools for high-performance microRNA (miRNA) detection in terms of sensitivity, specificity, and multiplex detection capability. However, several particle rinsing steps in the assay procedure present challenges for rapid and efficient detection. To overcome this limitation, we encapsulated dense magnetic nanoparticles to reduce the rinsing steps and duration via magnetic separation. A large number of magnetic nanoparticles were encapsulated into hydrogel microparticles based on a discontinuous dewetting technique combined with degassed micromolding lithography. In addition, we attached DNA probes targeting three types of miRNAs related to preeclampsia to magnetically encoded hydrogel microparticles by post-synthesis conjugation and achieved sensitivity comparable to that of conventional nonmagnetic encoded hydrogel microparticles. To demonstrate the multiplex capability of magnetically encoded hydrogel microparticles while maintaining the advantages of the simplified rinsing process when addressing multiple samples, we conducted a triplex detection of preeclampsia-related miRNAs. In conclusion, the introduction of magnetically encoded hydrogel microparticles not only allowed efficient miRNA detection but also provided comparable sensitivity and multiplexed detectability to conventional nonmagnetic encoded hydrogel microparticles.

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Smietanka, G., S. Brato, M. Freudenberg, and J. Götze. "Implementation and extension of a GNU-Radio RFID reader." Advances in Radio Science 11 (July 4, 2013): 107–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ars-11-107-2013.

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Abstract. The development of a flexible software defined RFID is discused. Commercial reader systems only allow a top level view on the communication and restrict the variation for many transmission parameters. Recently a software reader from the CGran project was proposed which uses the GNU Radio environment in combination with an USRP front end. Because most of the signal processing is done on a common host PC, this reader offers high flexibility, but also has several disadvantages. One of the main hardware limitations is the usage of only one separated antenna per transmit and receive path. Commercial readers usually use four antennas which are time multiplexed and can be used as transmitter and receiver. In this work a HF multiplexer for the USRP device is introduced. With this extension up to four transmit and receive antennas can be used in combination with the software reader. It is shown that the multiplexer achieves good read rates for a switching interval of 100 ms. Using this multiplexer the read range of the system decrease compared to the basic software reader, but distances over two meters can still be realized without additional hardware extensions.

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Zhang, Yingchun, Xu Chi, Laibao Feng, Xingwen Wu, and Xiaoquan Qi. "Improvement of multiplex semi-nested PCR system for screening of rare mutations by high-throughput sequencing." BioTechniques 67, no. 6 (December 2019): 294–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2144/btn-2019-0001.

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The CRISPR/Cas9 system is an efficient gene-editing method, but it is difficult to obtain mutants for some specific species and special genome structures. A previously reported multiplexed, semi-nested PCR target-enrichment approach, which does not rely on transgenic technology, has been shown to be an effective and affordable strategy for the discovery of rare mutations in a large sodium azide-induced rice population. However, this strategy has the potential for further optimization. Here, we describe an improved multiplex semi-nested PCR target-enrichment strategy with simplified processing procedures, reduced false-positive rates and increased mutation detection frequency (1 mutation/73 Kb).

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Suprun, Ivan, Sergei Tokmakov, and Elena Lobodina. "Microsatellite DNA-markers in the study of the gene pool of fruit crops." BIO Web of Conferences 25 (2020): 03001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20202503001.

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This article describes development of multilocus SSR-markers sets for genotyping Pyrus, Prunus, and Malus from various genetic collections of the South of Russia. Generated multiplex sets of SSR-markers were used in the certification of cultivated varieties and in the analysis of the genetic structure of Pyrus, Prunus and Malus species collections. The results of SSR genotyping of pear, apple, plum and sweet cherry made it possible to establish genetic relationships between varieties, including groups of modern varieties of Russian and foreign breeding and, in turn, local autochthonous varieties. In general, the use of these multiplexes has confirmed their effectiveness in solving the assigned tasks.

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Rai, Alex J., Nitin Udar, Rana Saad, and Martin Fleisher. "A Multiplex Assay for Detecting Genetic Variations in CYP2C9, VKORC1, and GGCX Involved in Warfarin Metabolism." Clinical Chemistry 55, no. 4 (April 1, 2009): 823–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2008.118497.

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Abstract Background: Patients differ in responses to warfarin, which is commonly prescribed to treat thromboembolic events. Genetic variations in the cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily C, polypeptide 9 (CYP2C9), vitamin K epoxide reductase complex, subunit 1 (VKORC1), and gamma-glutamyl carboxylase (GGCX) genes have been shown to contribute to impaired metabolism of warfarin. Methods: We designed a custom multiplex single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) panel to interrogate the CYP2C9 *2, *3, VKORC1 (–1639G→A), and GGCX (1181T→G) alleles simultaneously in a single sample by use of single-base extension and capillary electrophoresis after genomic DNA extraction and PCR amplification. Results: Our assay successfully detected various genotypes from known controls and 24 unknown samples. It was found to be 100% concordant with sequencing results. Conclusions: Our multiplexed SNP panel can be successfully used in genotyping of patient blood samples. Results can be combined with other clinical parameters in an algorithm for warfarin dosing. These data provide a proof-in-principle of multiplexed SNP analysis using rapid single-base extension and capillary electrophoresis, and warrant additional validation using a larger cohort of patient samples.

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Noveski, P., S. Trivodalieva, G. Efremov, and D. Plaseska-Karanfilska. "Y Chromosome Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms Typing by SNaPshot MINISEQUENCING." Balkan Journal of Medical Genetics 13, no. 1 (January 1, 2010): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10034-010-0013-9.

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Y Chromosome Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms Typing by SNaPshot MINISEQUENCINGAnalysis of Y chromosome haplogroups, defined by single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), is now a standard approach for study of the origin of human populations and measurement of the variability among them. It is also a new forensic tool, because it may allow determination of the origin of any male sample of interest. We have used a strategy for rapid, simple and inexpensive Y chromosome SNP typing of 343 male DNA samples, of which 211 were Macedonians, 111 Albanians and 21 Roma, Serbs or Turks. Using multiplex polymerase chain reaction (mPCR) and a SNaPshot multiplex kit for single nucleotide extension reaction, 28 markers were grouped into five multiplexes. Twenty different Y haplogroups were found in these samples. The most common Y haplogroups in Macedonians were I2a-P37b (27.5%), E1b1b1a-M78 (15.6%), R1a1-SRY1532 (14.2%) and R1b1-P25 (11.4%). In the Albanians E1b1b1a-M78 accounted for 28.8%, R1b1-P25 for 18.0%, J2b2-M241 for 13.5% and R1a1-SRY1532 for 12.6%. We conclude that five haplogroups (E1b1b1a-M78, I2a-P37b, J2b2-M241, R1a1-SRY1532 and R1b1-P25) comprised 72.6% of the Y chromosomes, this being characteristic of the typical European Y chromosome gene pool.

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Chen, Xi, An Li, Jia Ye, Abdullah Al Amin, and William Shieh. "Reception of mode-division multiplexed superchannel via few-mode compatible optical add/drop multiplexer." Optics Express 20, no. 13 (June 12, 2012): 14302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.20.014302.

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Chen, Xi, An Li, Jia Ye, Abdullah Al Amin, and William Shieh. "Demonstration of Few-Mode Compatible Optical Add/Drop Multiplexer for Mode-Division Multiplexed Superchannel." Journal of Lightwave Technology 31, no. 4 (February 2013): 641–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jlt.2012.2225409.

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Beske, Oren, Jinjiao Guo, Jianren Li, Daniel Bassoni, Kimberly Bland, Holly Marciniak, Mike Zarowitz, Vladimir Temov, Ilya Ravkin, and Simon Goldbard. "A Novel Encoded Particle Technology that Enables Simultaneous Interrogation of Multiple Cell Types." Journal of Biomolecular Screening 9, no. 3 (April 2004): 173–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087057103260088.

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The authors have developed a cellular analysis platform, based on encoded microcarriers, that enables the multiplexed analysis of a diverse range of cellular assays. At the core of this technology are classes of microcarriers that have unique, identifiable codes that are deciphered using CCD-based imaging and subsequent image analysis. The platform is compatible with a wide variety of cellular imaging-based assays, including calcium flux, reporter gene activation, cytotoxicity, and proliferation. In addition, the platform is compatible with both colorimetric and fluorescent readouts. Notably, this technology has the unique ability to multiplex different cell lines in a single microplate well, enabling scientists to perform assays and data analysis in novel ways.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Multiplexa'

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