Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Multiplicateurs de Lagrange'
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Agouzal, Abdellatif. "Analyse numérique de méthodes de décomposition de domaines : Méthodes de domaines fictifs avec multiplicateurs de Lagrange." Pau, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PAUUA002.
Full textFALLAH, ABDELMJID. "Une analyse de la methode des domaines fictifs avec multiplicateurs de lagrange pour quelques problemes elliptiques." Nice, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996NICE4963.
Full textIsnard, François. "Génération des équations du mouvement de systèmes polyarticulés avec prise en compte des rigidités par des multiplicateurs de Lagrange." Poitiers, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997POIT2344.
Full textCrouzet, Laurent. "Résolution des équations de Maxwell tridimensionnelles en régime fréquentiel par éléments finis conformes, multiplicateurs de Lagrange et méthodes itératives." Paris 6, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA066089.
Full textRoux, François-Xavier. "Méthode de décomposition de domaine a l'aide de multiplicateurs de Lagrange et application a la résolution en parallèle des équations de l'élasticité linéaire." Paris 6, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA066701.
Full textBellaassali, Said. "Contributions à l'optimisation multicritère." Dijon, 2003. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00004337v2.
Full textThe aim of this work is to study multiobjective optimization problems with or without dynamics and the generalized Bolza problem and its applications. After having pointed out some concepts of nonsmooth analysis, we begin the first part of this thesis with the existence of Lagrange multipliers for multiobjective optimization problems in infinite dimension with a general preference. We introduce the regularity of preference and use calmness qualification condition we establish the existence of Karush-Kuhn-Tucker multipliers. This allows us to obtain Fritz-John multipliers in terms of the approximate subdifferential by Ioffe. Then we derive similar results when the preference is defined by a convex cone or by an utility function. The second part deals with generalized Bolza problem. We establish necessary optimality conditions in terms of limiting Fréchet subdifferential without convexity assumptions. This result enables us to obtain the results by Vinter-Zheng and Ioffe-Rockafellar and to establish maximum principle including a new Euler-Lagrange inclusion. We apply this last one to isoperimetric problems, to the general Ramsey model of economic growth and to a chemical engineering problem. Using the notion of preference of the first part and the results of the second part we establish in the third part necessary optimality conditions and Hamiltonian conditions to multiobjective dynamic optimization. We give similar results in the case of a preference defined by a convex cone or an utility function
Seyed, Aghamiry Seyed Hossein. "Imagerie sismique multi-paramètre par reconstruction de champs d'ondes : apport de la méthode des multiplicateurs de Lagrange avec directions alternées (ADMM) et des régularisations hybrides." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AZUR4090.
Full textFull Waveform Inversion (FWI) is a PDE-constrained optimization which reconstructs subsurface parameters from sparse measurements of seismic wavefields. FWI generally relies on local optimization techniques and a reduced-space approach where the wavefields are eliminated from the variables. In this setting, two bottlenecks of FWI are nonlinearity and ill-posedness. One source of nonlinearity is cycle skipping, which drives the inversion to spurious minima when the starting subsurface model is not kinematically accurate enough. Ill-posedness can result from incomplete subsurface illumination, noise and parameter cross-talks. This thesis aims to mitigate these pathologies with new optimization and regularization strategies. I first improve the wavefield reconstruction method (WRI). WRI extends the FWI search space by computing wavefields with a relaxation of the wave equation to match the data from inaccurate parameters. Then, the parameters are updated by minimizing wave equation errors with either alternating optimization or variable projection. In the former case, WRI breaks down FWI into to linear subproblems thanks to wave equation bilinearity. WRI was initially implemented with a penalty method, which requires a tedious adaptation of the penalty parameter in iterations. Here, I replace the penalty method by the alternating-direction method of multipliers (ADMM). I show with numerical examples how ADMM conciliates the search space extension and the accuracy of the solution at the convergence point with fixed penalty parameters thanks to the dual ascent update of the Lagrange multipliers. The second contribution is the implementation of bound constraints and non smooth Total Variation (TV) regularization in ADMM-based WRI. Following the Split Bregman method, suitable auxiliary variables allow for the de-coupling of the ℓ1 and ℓ2 subproblems, the former being solved efficiently with proximity operators. Then, I combine Tikhonov and TV regularizations by infimal convolution to account for the different statistical properties of the subsurface (smoothness and blockiness). At the next step, I show the ability of sparse promoting regularization in reconstruction the model when ultralong offset sparse fixed-spread acquisition such as those carried out with OBN are used. This thesis continues with the extension of the ADMM-based WRI to multiparameter reconstruction in vertical transversely isotropic (VTI) acoustic media. I first show that the bilinearity of the wave equation is satisfied for the elastodynamic equations. I discuss the joint reconstruction of the vertical wavespeed and epsilon in VTI media. Second, I develop ADMM-based WRI for attenuation imaging, where I update wavefield, squared-slowness, and attenuation in an alternating mode since viscoacoustic wave equation can be approximated, with a high degree of accuracy, as a multilinear equation. This alternating solving provides the necessary flexibility to taylor the regularization to each parameter class and invert large data sets. Then, I overcome some limitations of ADMM-based WRI when a crude initial model is used. In this case, the reconstructed wavefields are accurate only near the receivers. The inaccuracy of phase of the wavefields may be the leading factor which drives the inversion towards spurious minimizers. To mitigate the role of the phase during the early iterations, I update the parameters with phase retrieval, a process which reconstructs a signal from magnitude of linear mesurements. This approach combined with efficient regularizations leads to more accurate reconstruction of the shallow structure, which is decisive to drive ADMM-based WRI toward good solutions at higher frequencies. The last part of this PhD is devoted to time-domain WRI, where a challenge is to perform accurate wavefield reconstruction with acceptable computational cost
Aubertin, Mathieu. "Contribution à la modélisation 3D des systèmes électromagnétiques : étude de méthodes de recollement de maillages." Thesis, Lille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIL10181/document.
Full textThe finite element method is used to model complex systems in all the physics and engineering. This method has a good accuracy. Because of the complexity of the systems, and the require precision, this method need a very large computing capacity, which is not always available. Consequently it is necessary to find calculation methods which allow preserving the accuracy, and reducing the computation time.One way to solve this situation is to decompose the complex problem in several sub-problems, with non-connecting meshes, and reconnect them. Some methods used to reconnect are developed in this work, with some tools, like resolution methods, and new shape functions necessary for this configuration of non-connecting meshes. This work shows the possibility of those methods: they reconnect the different meshes, conserve the accuracy and the quality of the solution. But the solving methods used here do not reduce consequently the computation time
Diniz, dos Santos Nuno Miguel. "Numerical methods for fluid-structure interaction problems with valves." Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066683.
Full textThis thesis is motivated by the modelling and the simulation of fluid-structure interaction phenomena in the vicinity of heart valves. On the one hand, the interaction of the vessel wall is dealt with an Arbitrary Lagrangian Eule- rian (ALE) formulation. On the other hand the interaction of the valves is treated with the help of Lagrange multipliers in a Fictitious Domains-like (FD) formulation. After a synthetic presentation of the several methods available for the fluid-structure interaction in blood flows, we describe a method that permits capture the dynamics of a valve immersed in an in- compressible fluid. The coupling algorithm is partitioned which allows the fluid and structure solvers to remain independent. In order to follow the ves- sel walls, the fluid mesh is mobile, but it remains none the less independent of the valve mesh. In this way we allow large displacements without the need to perform remeshing. We propose a strategy to manage contact between several immersed structures. The algorithm is completely independent of the structure solver and is well adapted to the partitioned fluid-structure coupling. Lastly we propose a semi-implicit coupling scheme allowing to mix, effectively, the ALE and FD formulations. The methods considered are followed with several numerical tests in 2D and 3D
Herry, Bertrand. "Développement d'une approche multiéchelle parallèle pour la simulation de crash automobile." Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002DENS0018.
Full textDiniz, Dos Santos Nuno. "Méthodes numériques pour problèmes d'interaction fluide-structure avec valves." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00521654.
Full textDumitriu, Dan. "Modélisation dynamique des systèmes articulés par des vecteurs translation et des matrices rotation : prise en compte des rigidités par des multiplicateurs de Lagrange : simulations du mouvement à l'aide d'un code en C++." Poitiers, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003POIT2258.
Full textOur proposal for dynamical modelling of articulated systems consists in parameterising the position of each solid by the 3 components of its translation vector and the 9 components of its rotation matrix. The rigidities of each solid and the articulations between solids are taken into account by Lagrange multipliers. The motion is governed by an algebra-differential system bringing together constraint equations and Lagrange equations. We have created an oriented object C++ program solving the algebra-differential system by a projection algorithm. This program is validated by simulating the motion of a platform. For the Euler-Lagrange solid, the Lagrange multipliers associated to the solid rigidity are grouped together in a 3x3 symmetrical matrix turning out to be negative. Moreover the eigenvalues of this matrix are constant. The Lagrange multipliers matrix is directly related to the stress tensor volume average
Putot, Sylvie. "Calcul des capacités parasites dans les interconnexions des circuits intégrés par une méthode de domaines fictifs." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001GRE10015.
Full textMorin, Fanny. "Simulation biomécanique sous contraintes du cerveau pour la compensation per-opératoire du brain-shift." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAS031/document.
Full textPurpose: During brain tumor surgery, planning and guidance are based on preoperative MR exams. The intraoperative deformation of the brain, called brain-shift, however affect the accuracy of the procedure. In this thesis, a brain-shift compensation method integrable in a surgical workflow is presented.Method: Prior to surgery, a patient-specific biomechanical model is built frompreoperative images. The geometry of the tissues and blood vessels is integrated. Intraoperatively, navigated ultrasound images are performed directly in contact with the brain. B-mode and Doppler modalities are recorded simultaneously, enabling the extraction of the blood vessels and probe footprint, respectively. A biomechanical simulation is then executed in order to compensate for brain-shift. Several constraints are imposed to the biomechanical model in order to simulate the contacts with the dura mater, register the pre- and intraoperative vascular trees and constrain the cortical surface with the probe footprint. During deep tumors resection, the surgical trajectory is also constrained to remain inside the cavity induced by the resected tissues in order to capture the lateral deformations issued from tissues retraction. Preoperative MR images are finally updated following the deformation field of the biomechanical model.Results: The method was evaluated quantitatively using synthetic and clinical data. In addition, the alignment of the images was qualitatively assessed with respect to surgeons expectations. Satisfactory results, with errors in the magnitude of 2 mm, are obtained after the opening of the dura mater and for the resection of tumors close to the cortical surface. During the resection of deep tumors, while the surgical trajectory enable to capture most of the deformations induced by tissues retraction, several limitations reflects the fact that this retraction is not actually simulated.Conclusion: A new efficient brain-shift compensation method that is integrable in an operating room is proposed in this thesis. The few studied topic of the resection, and more specifically of deep tumors, is also addressed. This manuscript thus present an additional step towards an optimal system in computer assisted neurosurgery
Ouriemchi, Mohammed. "Résolution de problèmes non linéaires par les méthodes de points intérieurs : théorie et algorithmes." Phd thesis, Université du Havre, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011376.
Full textDans cette thèse, nous avons utilisé une fonction barrière logarithmique. A chaque itération externe, la technique SQP se charge de produire une série de sous-problèmes quadratiques dont les solutions forment une suite, dite interne, de directions de descente pour résoudre le problème non linéaire pénalisé.
Nous avons introduit un changement de variable sur le pas de déplacement ce qui a permis d'obtenir des conditions d'optimalité plus stable numériquement.
Nous avons réalisé des simulations numériques pour comparer les performances de la méthode des gradients conjugués à celle de la méthode D.C., appliquées pour résoudre des problèmes quadratiques de région de confiance.
Nous avons adapté la méthode D.C. pour résoudre les sous-problèmes verticaux, ce qui nous a permis de ramener leurs dimensions de $n+m$ à $m+p$ ($ p < n $).
L'évolution de l'algorithme est contrôlée par la fonction de mérite. Des tests numériques permettent de comparer les avantages de différentes formes de la fonction de mérite. Nous avons introduit de nouvelles règles pour améliorer cette évolution.
Les expériences numériques montrent un gain concernant le nombre de problèmes résolus. L'étude de la convergence de notre méthode SDC, clôt ce travail.
Yin, Ping. "Sur une méthode numérique ondelettes / domaines fictifs lisses pour l'approximation de problèmes de Stefan." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX10013/document.
Full textOur work is devoted to the definition, analysis and implementation of a new algorithms for numerical approximation of the solution of 2 dimensional Stefan problem. In this type of problem a parabolic partial differential equation defined on an openset Omega is coupled with another equation which controls the boundary gamma of the domain itself. The difficulties traditionally associated with this type of problems are: the particular formulation of equation on the boundary of domain, the approximation of the solution defined on general domain, the difficulties associated with the involvement of trace operation (approximation, conditioning), the difficulties associated with the regularity of domain. Addition, many situations of physical interest, for example,require approximations of high degree. Our work is based on aformulation of type level set for the equation on the domain, and aformulation of type fictitious domain (Omega) for the initialequation. The control of boundary conditions is carried out throughLagrange multipliers on boundary (Gamma), called control boundary, which is different with boundary (gamma) of the domain (omega). The approximation is done by a finite difference scheme for time derivative and the discretization by bi-dimensional wave letfor the initial equation and one-dimensional wave let for the Lagrange multipliers. The extension operators from omega to Omega are also constructed from multiresolution analysis on theinterval. We also obtain: a formulation for which the existence of solution is demonstrated, a convergent algorithm for which a global estimate error (on Omega) is established, interior error estimate on domain omega, overline omega subset estimates on the conditioning related to the trace operator, algorithms of smooth extension. Different numerical experiments in 1D or 2D are implemented. The work is organized as follows:The first chapter recalls theconstruction of multiresolution analysis, important properties of wavelet and numerical algorithms. The second chapter gives an outline of classical fictitious domain method, using Galerkin or Petrov-Galerkin method. We also describe the limitation of this method and point out the direction of our work.\par The third chapter presents a smooth fictitious domain method. It is coupled with Petrov-Galerkin wavelet method for elliptic equations. This section contains the theoretical analysis and numerical implementation to embody the advantages of this new method. The fourth chapter introduces a smooth extension technique. We apply it to elliptic problem with smooth fictitious domain method in 1D and 2D. The fifth chapter is the numerical simulation of the Stefan problem. The property of B-spline render us to exactly calculate the curvature on the moving boundary. We use two examples to test the efficiency of our new method. Then it is used to resolve the two-phase Stefan problem with Gibbs-Thomson boundary condition as an experimental case
Vincent, Manet. "Méthodes d'analyse par éléments finis des contraintes aux interfaces dans les structures sandwich." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 1998. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00663078.
Full textBoulaajine, Lahcen. "Méthode des éléments finis mixte duale pour les problèmes de l'élasticité et de l'élastodynamique: analyse d'erreur à priori et à posteriori." Phd thesis, Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambresis, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00136422.
Full textPour ces deux types de problèmes et dans des domaines non réguliers, les méthodes d'éléments finis mixtes analysées jusqu'à présent, sont celles qui concernent des méthodes mixtes "classiques". Ici, nous analysons la formulation mixte duale pour les deux problèmes de l'élasticité linéaire et de l'élastodynamique.
Pour le problème d'élasticité, nous sommes concernés premièrement par une analyse a priori d'erreur en utilisant l'approximation par l'élément fini $BDM_1$ stabilisé. Afin de dériver une estimation a priori optimales d'erreur, nous établissons des règles de raffinement de maillage.
Ensuite, nous faisons une analyse d'erreur à posteriori sur un domaine simplement ou multiplement connexe. En fait nous établissons un estimateur résiduel fiable et efficace. Cet estimateur est alors utilisé dans un algorithme adaptatif pour le raffinement automatique de maillage. Pour le problème de l'élastodynamique, nous faisons une analyse a priori d'erreur en utilisant le même élément fini que pour le problème d'élasticité, en utilisant une formulation mixte duale pour la discrétisation des variables spatiales.
Pour la discrétisation en temps nous étudions les deux schémas de Newmark explicite et implicite. Par des règles de raffinement de maillage appropriées, nous dérivons des estimées d'erreur optimales pour les deux schémas numérique.
Dewavre, Pascale. "Comparaison de trois tests statistiques pour le modèle linéaire :Wald, rapport de vraisemblance et multiplicateur de Lagrange." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211843.
Full textAllouche, Benyamine. "Modélisation et commande des robots : nouvelles approches basées sur les modèles Takagi-Sugeno." Thesis, Valenciennes, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016VALE0021/document.
Full textEvery year more than 5 million people worldwide become hemiplegic as a direct consequence of stroke. This neurological deficiency, often leads to a partial or a total loss of standing up abilities and /or ambulation skills. In order to propose new supporting solutions lying between the wheelchair and the walker, this thesis comes within the ANR TECSAN project named VHIPOD “self-balanced transporter for disabled persons with sit-to-stand function”. In this context, this research provides some answers for two key issues of the project : the sit-to-stand assistance (STS) of hemiplegic people and their mobility through a two wheeled self-balanced solution. These issues are addressed from a robotic point of view while focusing on a key question : are we able to extend the use of Takagi-Sugeno approach (TS) to the control of complex systems ? Firstly, the issue of mobility of disabled persons was treated on the basis of a self-balanced solution. Control laws based on the standard and descriptor TS approaches have been proposed for the stabilization of gyropod in particular situations such as moving along a slope or crossing small steps. The results have led to the design a two-wheeled transporter which is potentially able to deal with the steps. On the other hand, these results have also highlighted the main challenge related to the use of TS approach such as the conservatisms of the LMIs constraints (Linear Matrix Inequalities). In a second time, a test bench for the STS assistance based on parallel kinematic manipulator (PKM) was designed. This kind of manipulator characterized by several closed kinematic chains often presents a complex dynamical model (given as a set of ordinary differential equations, ODEs). The application of control laws based on the TS approach is often doomed to failure given the large number of non-linear terms in the model. To overcome this problem, a new modeling approach was proposed. From a particular set of coordinates, the principle of virtual power was used to generate a dynamical model based on the differential algebraic equations (DAEs). This approach leads to a quasi-LPV model where the only varying parameters are the Lagrange multipliers derived from the constraint equations of the DAE model. The results were validated on simulation through a 2-DOF (degrees of freedom) parallel robot (Biglide) and a 3-DOF manipulator (Triglide) designed for the STS assistance
Ayoub, Paul. "Etude de schémas explicites pour les équations de Maxwell 3d avec multiplicateur de Lagrange et éléments finis conformes." Paris 6, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA066398.
Full textLe, Guyader Carole. "Imagerie Mathématique: segmentation sous contraintes géométriques ~ Théorie et Applications." Phd thesis, INSA de Rouen, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00009036.
Full textPour pallier ces difficultés, nous proposons ici des modèles de segmentation intégrant des contraintes géométriques et satisfaisant les critères classiques de détection avec en particulier la régularité sur le contour que cela implique.
Le, Guyader Carole. "Imagerie mathématique : segmentation sous contraintes géométriques : théorie et applications." Phd thesis, Rouen, INSA, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ISAM0016.
Full textHugel, Thomas. "Estimations de satisfaisabilité." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00582571.
Full textAit, Younes Tarik. "Calcul de la réponse dynamique de grands domaines à une excitation acoustique par une méthode de sous domaines." Compiègne, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999COMP1248.
Full textLleras, Vanessa. "Modélisation, analyse et simulation de problèmes de contact en mécanique des solides et des fluides." Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00442074.
Full textAverous, Fabienne. "Contribution à la prévision du bruit des moteurs d'hélicoptères par éléments finis, équations intégrales, et décomposition de domaine." Compiègne, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001COMP1329.
Full textCsati, Zoltan. "Mesh-independent modelling of diffuse cracking in cohesive grain-based materials." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ECDN0037.
Full textIn this thesis a flexible and general stable displacement–Lagrange multiplier mixed formulation is developed to model distributed cracking in cohesive grain-based materials in the framework of the cut finite element method. The displacement field is discretized on each grain separately, and the continuity of the displacement and traction fields across the interfaces between grains is enforced by Lagrange multipliers. The design of the discrete Lagrange multiplier space is detailed for bilinear quadrangular elements with the potential presence of multiple interfaces/discontinuities within an element. We give numerical evidence that the designed Lagrange multiplier space is stable and provide examples demonstrating the robustness of the method. Relying on the stable discretization, a cohesive zone formulation equipped with a damage constitutive model expressed in terms of the traction is used to model the propagation of multiple cracks at the interfaces between grains. To prevent the crack faces from self-penetrating during unloading, a contact condition is enforced. The solutions for the mechanical fields and the damage field are separately obtained and an explicit damage update algorithm allows using a non-iterative approach. The damage formulation couples the normal and tangential failure modes, accounts for different tension and compression behaviours and takes into account a compression-dependent fracture energy in mixed mode. The framework is applied to complex 2D problems inspired by indirect tension tests and compression tests on heterogeneous rock-like materials
Murea, Cornel Marius. "Modélisation mathématique et numérique d'un problème tridimensionnel d'interaction entre un fluide incompressible et une structure élastique." Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 1995. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00413312.
Full textbellaassali, said. "Contributions à l'optimisation multicritère." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00004337.
Full textChuffart, Thomas. "Problèmes de choix de modèles dans la volatilité conditionnelle." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM2022.
Full textThis Ph.D. thesis composed by three chapters contributes to the development of model selection in GARCH-type models.The first chapter investigates whether the most common selection criteria lead to choose the right specification in a regime switching framework. We propose simulation experiments which reveal the inefficiency of some selection criteria in particular cases which lead to misspecification. Depending on the Data Generating Process used in the experiments, great care is needed when choosing a criterion.In the second chapter, a misspecication test for GARCH-type models is presented. We propose a Lagrange Multiplier type test based on a Taylor expansion to distinguish between (G)ARCH models and unknown nonlinear GARCH-type models. This test can be seen as a general misspecication test. We investigate the size and the power of this test through Monte Carlo experiments. We show the usefulness of our test with an illustrative empirical example based on daily exchange rate returns.In the third chapter, we study the impact of oil price returns on sovereign Credit Default Swaps (CDS) spreads for two major oil producers, Russia and Venezuela. Using daily spreads from 2008 to 2015, we find that crude oil price returns are a critical determinant of Venezuela CDS spreads changes, but does not explain significantly Russian CDS spreads. Indeed, oil prices seem to impact Russian CDS spreads through the exchange rates canal. Finally, we propose as an appendix the manual of the MSGtool, a MATLAB toolbox, which provides a collection of functions for the simulation and estimation of a large variety of Markov Switching GARCH (MSG) models
Ghadi, Fatth-Allah. "Résolution par la méthode des éléments finis des équations de Navier-Stokes en formulation (v-w)." Saint-Etienne, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994STET4010.
Full textAmdouni, Saber. "Numerical analysis of some saddle point formulation with X-FEM type approximation on cracked or fictitious domains." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ISAL0007/document.
Full textThis Ph.D. thesis was done in collaboration with "La Manufacture Française des Pneumatiques Michelin". It concerns the mathematical and numerical analysis of convergence and stability of mixed or hybrid formulation of constrained optimization problem with Lagrange multiplier method in the framework of the eXtended Finite Element Method (XFEM). First we try to prove the stability of the X-FEM discretization for incompressible elastostatic problem by ensured a LBB condition. The second axis, which present the main content of the thesis, is dedicated to the use of some stabilized Lagrange multiplier methods. The particularity of these stabilized methods is that the stability of the multiplier is provided by adding supplementary terms in the weak formulation. In this context, we study the Barbosa-Hughes stabilization technique applied to the frictionless unilateral contact problem with XFEM-cut-off. Then we present a new consistent method based on local projections for the stabilization of a Dirichlet condition in the framework of extended finite element method with a fictitious domain approach. Moreover we make comparative study between the local projection stabilization and the Barbosa-Hughes stabilization. Finally we use the local projection stabilization to approximate the two-dimensional linear elastostatics unilateral contact problem with Tresca frictional in the framework of the eXtended Finite Element Method X-FEM
Srour, Ali. "Etudes de deux approches mathématiques complémentaires pour un problème de reconstruction tomographique." Thesis, Tours, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008TOUR4016/document.
Full textThe thesis at hand is composed of four parts. The first of which is devoted to present our model of tomographic reconstruction. The second part treats a non-differentiable variational problem with a non-convex constraint the interior of which is empty for usual topologies. A numerical study of the above approach is elaborated in the third part. A numerical scheme is derived based upon our optimal system, the method of Uzawa and a gradient descent method. In the last part, we use a level-set approach to solve the front propagation problem. A second order Hamilton-Jacobi type equation with a non-local term comes into play. We prove the existence and uniqueness of a viscosity solution in both compact and non-compact fronts cases
Sanhaji, Bilel. "Modélisation multivariée hétéroscédastique et transmission financière." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM2029/document.
Full textThis Ph.D. thesis composed by three chapters contributes to the development of test statistics and to analyse financial transmission in a multivariate heteroskedastic framework.The first chapter proposes two Lagrange multiplier tests of constancy of conditional correlations in multivariate GARCH models. Whether the null hypothesis is based on constant conditional correlations, the alternative hypothesis proposes a first specification based on artificial neural networks, and a second specification based on an unknown functional form linearised by a Taylor expansion.In the second chapter, a new model is introduced in order to test for nonlinearity in conditional (co)variances. Whether the null hypothesis is based on a linear function of the lagged squared innovations and the conditional (co)variances, the alternative hypothesis is characterised by a nonlinear exponential or logistic transition function; a configuration with leverage effects is also proposed.In the two first chapters, simulation experiments and empirical illustrations show the good performances of our misspecification tests.The last chapter studies daytime and overnight information transmission in terms of returns and volatilities between China, America and Europe. The asynchronicity issue is carefully considered in the bivariate modelling with China as benchmark
Boubacar, Mainassara Yacouba. "Estimation, validation et identification des modèles ARMA faibles multivariés." Phd thesis, Université Charles de Gaulle - Lille III, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00452032.
Full textPutot, Sylvie. "Calcul des capacités parasites dans les interconnexions des circuits intégrés par une méthode de domaines fictifs." Phd thesis, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00004700.
Full text