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1

Abrahamson, Dor, and Christian Cigan. "A Design for Ratio and Proportion Instruction." Mathematics Teaching in the Middle School 8, no. 9 (2003): 493–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/mtms.8.9.0493.

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This article describes a method for teaching ratio and proportion in a fifthgrade classroom. Our unit design creates and follows a learning path that begins with revisiting multiplication as repeated addition. It then explores patterns in the multiplication table and moves to the concept of rate as a single column out of the multiplication table. Next, students discuss ratio as two linked rate columns, or a ratio table, then look at two rows out of a ratio table, or a proportion quartet. As a fifth-grade introduction to ratio and proportion, this unit focuses on integer cases, that is, situations in which the question mark in a:b = c:? is an integer. This emphasis fosters multiplicative reasoning in a developmentally appropriate numerical environment.
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2

Asghari, Amir H. "Wonders of Multiplication Table." Mathematics Enthusiast 22, no. 3 (2025): 375–96. https://doi.org/10.54870/1551-3440.1675.

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Gierdien, Faaiz. "More than multiplication in a 12 × 12 multiplication table." International Journal of Mathematical Education in Science and Technology 40, no. 5 (2009): 662–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207390802641684.

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4

Kadiev, P. A., and I. P. Kadiev. "Formation of orthogonal latin squares by index structuring of n-set multiplication tables." Herald of Dagestan State Technical University. Technical Sciences 47, no. 3 (2020): 71–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.21822/2073-6185-2020-47-3-71-81.

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Objective. Formation of structurally perfect orthogonal Latin squares by the method of index ordering of the multiplication table elements of n-sets based on the multiplication table. Methods. Orthogonal Latin squares are formed by the method of index structuring of n-set multiplication tables. Results. A method is proposed for constructing structurally perfect orthogonal Latin squares of pairs of indexed finite sets of odd dimension, based on the index ordering of an nxn-array of elements in the multiplication table. A distinctive feature of the proposed method for constructing structurally perfect orthogonal squares from elements of two indexed sets of the same dimension is the use by the authors of the method of permutations of elements of the original nxn-matrix configurations, with the formation of index-ordered or index-structured combinatorial configurations. Conclusion. The use of the method for constructing a family of orthogonal Latin squares for pairs of indexed finite sets of the same odd dimension by the elements forming their multiplication table by the method of index structuring based on the principle of functional dependency of the index values on pairs of set elements and index values on pairs of elements from its environment allows creating a specific class orthogonal configuration, which, in terms of element indices, easily demonstrates their orthogonality.
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Grabauskienė, Vaiva, and Oksana Mockaitytė-Rastenienė. "AN EXPRESSION OF MATHEMATICAL CONNECTIONS IN MULTIPLICATION-RELATED THINKING IN THIRD AND FOURTH GRADES OF PRIMARY SCHOOL." ŠVIETIMAS: POLITIKA, VADYBA, KOKYBĖ / EDUCATION POLICY, MANAGEMENT AND QUALITY 11, no. 1 (2019): 9–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.48127/spvk-epmq/19.11.09.

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Mathematical comprehension is closely related to a cognition of mathematical connections. A multiplication is a mathematical operation characterized by complex mathematical connections. Students are early introduced with the multiplication. Therefore, in primary school, not so developed cognition of mathematical connections may become a reason for difficulties in Maths. A functionality of concept is based on a view to a multiplication. The analysis scientific literature revealed that a thinking of multiplication can be either additive or multiplicative. Additionally, the multiplication learning has a variety of additive and multiplicative explanations. Because they use different specificity of visualization, the models are not equally suitable for teaching children about different properties of multiplication. Based on research, in Math classes, students are only introduced with few of the models, not covering a whole variety of them. In the research, a paper and pencil type of survey consisted of 157 participants from 3rd and 4th Grades, eight different classes from four different schools. The students had to fill the table explaining multiplication of 5 x 12 in a form of writing and drawing. The quantitative analysis of results has showed that in Grades 3 to 4, the additive view to multiplication is much more prevalent, in comparison to the multiplicative reasoning. The array model is used often but not in an extensive way. The students do not know other types of multiplicative type models. In conclusion, the results showed that students of Grades 3rd and 4th knew not enough about the mathematical connections. Therefore, teachers should pay more attention to teaching students various ways of visualizing, for children, to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the multiplication process. Acknowledgement. This work was supported by a grant (No. 09.2.1-ESFA-K-728-01-0040) from the ESFA. Keywords: additive reasoning, multiplication learning, multiplicative reasoning, primary mathematics education.
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Tierney, Cornelia C. "Patterns in the Multiplication Table." Arithmetic Teacher 32, no. 7 (1985): 36–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/at.32.7.0036.

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In elementary school, great importance is placed on memorization of number facts. In teaching fifth through eighth graders, 1 have assumed that most of my students had made a concerted effort to memorize facts in earlier grades. I have observed. however, that children who have had a similar amount of practice have a great range of recall. A few students complete tests of 100 multiplication or division facts perfectly in less than three minutes, whereas others are made miserable by the whole process. They skip many problems, look around the room to compare their progress with that of other students, and finally give up with few correct answers. Although those who have memorized the facts do better than others at whole-number arithmetic, they do not always do well in work with fractions.
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7

Husain, Mariya, and Lubna Ali Mohammed. "Examining the Effectiveness of Using Rhymes on Improving the Learning of Multiplication Times Tables in Year 3 Students in Dubai." International Journal of Emerging Issues in Social Science, Arts, and Humanities 03, no. 01 (2024): 34–45. https://doi.org/10.60072/ijeissah.2024.v3i01.004.

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This study investigates the effectiveness of using rhymes to enhance the learning of multiplication timetables among Year 3students at The Westminster School in Dubai. A total of 66 students were selected and divided into two groups: an experimental group and a control group, each comprising 33 students. Over three weeks, the experimental group learnt the 3, 4, and 8 times tables through specific rhymes—"Row Row Row Your Boat" for the 3 times table, "Twinkle Twinkle Little Star" for the 4 times table, and "This Old Man" for the 8 times table. The control group received traditional instruction without rhymes. The study utilised a pre-test and post-test design to measure the student’s ability to recall multiplication facts before and after the intervention. The outcomes were quantitatively analysed through an independent two-sample T-test and assessed the mean differences in learning outcomes between the control and experimental groups. The results indicated that using rhymes significantly improved the student's understanding and retention of multiplication facts. Students in the experimental group exhibited higher levels of engagement, enthusiasm, and motivation compared to the control group. This increased engagement was reflected in their improved performance on multiplication tests.The findings suggest that incorporating rhymes into mathematics instruction can be a highly effective strategy for teaching multiplication tables, fostering both cognitive and affective gains in students.
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8

Kan, Fu-Jung, Yan-Haw Chen, Jeng-Jung Wang, and Chong-Dao Lee. "Efficient Scalar Multiplication of ECC Using Lookup Table and Fast Repeating Point Doubling." Mathematics 13, no. 6 (2025): 924. https://doi.org/10.3390/math13060924.

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Reducing the computation time of scalar multiplication for elliptic curve cryptography is a significant challenge. This study proposes an efficient scalar multiplication method for elliptic curves over finite fields GF(2m). The proposed method first converts the scalar into a binary number. Then, using Horner’s rule, the binary number is divided into fixed-length bit-words. Each bit-word undergoes repeating point doubling, which can be precomputed. However, repeating point doubling typically involves numerous inverse operations. To address this, significant effort has been made to develop formulas that minimize the number of inverse operations. With the proposed formula, regardless of how many times the operation is repeated, only a single inverse operation is required. Over GF(2m), the proposed method for scalar multiplication outperforms the sliding window method, which is currently regarded as the fastest available. However, the introduced formulas require more multiplications, squares, and additions. To reduce these operations, we further optimize the square operations; however, this introduces a trade-off between computation time and memory size. These challenges are key areas for future improvement.
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9

Mehdizadeh, Marzieh. "The multiplication table for smooth integers." Journal of Number Theory 219 (February 2021): 172–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnt.2020.09.019.

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10

Krasnobayev, V. A., A. S. Yanko, and D. M. Kovalchuk. "METHODS FOR TABULAR IMPLEMENTATION OF ARITHMETIC OPERATIONS OF THE RESIDUES OF TWO NUMBERS REPRESENTED IN THE SYSTEM OF RESIDUAL CLASSES." Radio Electronics, Computer Science, Control, no. 4 (December 3, 2022): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.15588/1607-3274-2022-4-2.

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Context. Implementation of modular arithmetic operations of addition, subtraction and multiplication by a tabular method based on the use of the tabular multiplication code. The object of the study is the process of tabular implementation of basic arithmetic operations on the residues of numbers represented in the system of residual classes.
 Objective. The goal of the work is to develop methods for the tabular implementation of the arithmetic operations of multiplication, addition and subtraction of the residues of two numbers based on the use of the tabular multiplication code.
 Method. Tabular methods for implementing integer arithmetic modular operations of addition, subtraction and multiplication are proposed for consideration. In order to reduce the amount of equipment for a tabular operating unit of computer systems that implements modular operations of addition, subtraction and multiplication by reducing the coincidence circuits AND in the nodes of the tables for implementing arithmetic operations based on the code of table multiplication, two methods for performing arithmetic modular operations of addition and subtraction have been developed. These methods are based on the code of tabular multiplication, the use of which will reduce the amount of equipment of the tabular operating unit. Thus, despite the difference in the digital structure of the tables of modular operations of addition, subtraction and multiplication based on the use of the tabular multiplication code, two new tabular methods for implementing arithmetic modular operations of addition and subtraction have been created. Based on them, algorithms for tabular execution of modular arithmetic operations of addition and subtraction have been developed. Using these algorithms, it is possible to synthesize a structurally simple, highly reliable and fast table operating unit that operates in a system of residual classes, which is based on three separate permanent storage devices (read-only memory), each of which implements only one fourth of the corresponding complete table of values of the modular operation, what is earlier in the theory tabular arithmetic was supposed to be impossible.
 Results. The developed methods are justified theoretically and studied when performing arithmetic modular operations of addition, subtraction and multiplication using tabular procedures.
 Conclusions. The conducted examples of the implementation of integer arithmetic modular operations of addition and subtraction can be considered as presented experiments. The results obtained make it possible to recommend them for use in practice in the design of computer systems operating in a non-positional number system in residual classes. Prospects for further research may be to create a tabular method for implementing integer arithmetic modular division operations based on the use of the tabular multiplication code.
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Lane, Jeremy. "EXTENDING THE BOX METHOD FOR POLYNOMIAL ARITHMETIC." Far East Journal of Mathematical Education 26, no. 2 (2024): 125–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.17654/0973563124014.

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The box method for performing polynomial multiplication is a popular form of demonstrating the process of multiplying polynomials. This method is graphical, but still lacks the inherent simplicity as well as the organization of like terms. It still requires that combining terms with x’s in the table itself. While this method is very well received and beneficial, we shall extend this further to work solely with numbers and let the table tell us how to combine the values. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate polynomial arithmetic using tables similar to those constructed for synthetic division. Our focus will be on addition, subtraction and multiplication. Similar to how synthetic division focuses on the coefficients of the polynomials involved, the tables constructed below shall do the same. The advantage to this technique is that it reduces polynomial arithmetic to numerical arithmetic as the table organizes the terms into like terms. How to construct such tables in order to easily perform the arithmetic for students is our primary effort.
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12

Das, Sanskriti. "Multiplication Table Learning through Music and Rhythm and its Effect on Two Digits Multiplications and Divisions in Elementary Stage." JOURNAL OF TEACHER EDUCATION AND RESEARCH 18, no. 02 (2023): 9–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.36268/jter/18203.

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Music and mathematics are intertwined with each other since ancient times. Many musicians started to use many mathematical conceptsdeliberately in the elementary stage during the By pure mathematical knowledge pupils cannot enjoy the application of mathematics in 21stcentury. The effect of music on an acquisition of table learning help to achieve better marks in multiplication and division. On account of thata quasi-experimental study of six months was designed with a pre- and post-test. The Bengali medium primary school students of West Bengalnamed Adasimla no 2 primary school were selected as the participants of the study. The students had learned and practiced the table songevery morning, based on raga “Bhairav” and “ Tritaal”. The data was analyzed through mean difference and t-test. The results reveal that thestudents who learned mathematical table learning through music and rhythm showed significant improvement in the acquisition of learningtables and achieved better marks in multiplication and division.
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13

Didomenico, Angelo S. "Pythagorean Triples from the Addition Table." Mathematics Teacher 78, no. 5 (1985): 346–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/mt.78.5.0346.

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Open investigations are challenging and instructive and can generate considerable excitement. They can also lead to some unexpected and fascinating findings. In “Eureka! Pythagorean Triples from the Multiplication Table” (January 1983), I showed how one such investigation led to the derivation of all Pythagorean triples from simple properties of the multiplication table. Here we shall explore the addition table for positive integers and show that all Pythagorean triples can also be derived from simple patterns within this table.
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14

Hu, Xiao. "Fast Matrix Multiplication for Query Processing." Proceedings of the ACM on Management of Data 2, no. 2 (2024): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3651599.

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This paper studies how to use fast matrix multiplication to speed up query processing. As observed, computing a two-table join and then projecting away the join attribute is essentially the Boolean matrix multiplication problem, which can be significantly improved with fast matrix multiplication. Moving beyond this basic two-table query, we introduce output-sensitive algorithms for general join-project queries using fast matrix multiplication. These algorithms have achieved a polynomially large improvement over the classic Yannakakis framework. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first theoretical improvement for general acyclic join-project queries since 1981.
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15

Dotan, Dror, and Naama Friedmann. "Reducing interference improves the memorization of multiplication facts in case of hypersensitivity to interference." Journal of Numerical Cognition 5, no. 3 (2019): 400–430. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/jnc.v5i3.203.

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Hypersensitivity to interference (HYSTI) is a situation in which a person has a severe difficulty in memorizing verbal items that are similar to each other. This may result in induced dyscalculia: HYSTI was shown to correlate with a difficulty in learning the multiplication table, presumably because the multiplication table, which is memorized verbally, has much similarity between the items ("six times seven equals forty two", "six times eight equals forty eight", etc.). Here, we show causal evidence that HYSTI disrupts the memorization of multiplication facts. We report DL, a woman with HYSTI who had extremely poor knowledge of the multiplication table. To examine whether her multiplication difficulty resulted from HYSTI, we tested whether she could learn multiplication facts when interference was reduced. In a series of merely 12 short sessions over a period of 4 weeks, DL rehearsed 16 multiplication facts – four facts per week. When the 4 facts in a given week were similar to each other, DL’s learning was poor. Conversely, when the 4 facts in a given week were dissimilar from each other, DL learned them quickly and easily. The effect of similarity was observed during the training period and persisted at least two months after the end of training. These results provide the first causal evidence that HYSTI impairs the learning or retrieval of arithmetic facts. From a pedagogical perspective, our findings may call for re-considering how multiplication facts should be taught in elementary school.
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Minwuyele, Mersha. "Using formula New Approach of Multiplication Table." International Journal of Advances in Scientific Research and Engineering 4, no. 8 (2018): 71–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.31695/ijasre.2018.32764.

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17

Barka, Zoheir. "The Hidden Symmetries of the Multiplication Table." Journal of Humanistic Mathematics 7, no. 1 (2017): 189–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.5642/jhummath.201701.15.

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18

Tirman, Alvin, and T. Henry Jablonski. "Identities Derived on a Fibonacci Multiplication Table." Fibonacci Quarterly 26, no. 4 (1988): 328–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00150517.1988.12429614.

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19

Gréaud, Loris, and Michel Gauthier. "The Multiplication Table of Obsession and Irresolution." Les Cahiers du Musée national d’art moderne N° 153, no. 3 (2020): 3–17. https://doi.org/10.3917/mnam.153.0003.

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Che Wun Chiou and Ted C. Yang. "Parallel modular multiplication with table look-up." International Journal of Computer Mathematics 69, no. 1-2 (1998): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207169808804708.

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21

Narayanan, Bhargav P., Julian Sahasrabudhe, and István Tomon. "The multiplication table problem for bipartite graphs." Combinatorica 37, no. 5 (2016): 991–1010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00493-016-3322-0.

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22

John D. Sibatu, Mariani, and Nyet Moi Siew. "THE EFFECTS OF USING MNEMONICS "INVESTIGATION" WITH THE HELP OF INDEX MULTIPLICATION TABLES AND COOPERATIVE LEARNING ON THE MATHEMATICAL ACHIEVEMENT OF LOW ACHIEVING STUDENTS." International Journal of Education, Psychology and Counseling 8, no. 51 (2023): 177–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.35631/ijepc.851012.

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Low-achieving students often experience problems in learning mathematics, especially in Index Multiplication, one of the topics that students need to master. Therefore, this study aims to determine the effects of using the SIASAT acronym mnemonic technique with the help of index multiplication table and 'Think-Pair-Share' cooperative learning on the achievement of low-achieving students in index multiplication. This quantitative study used a quasi experimental design with two groups which comprised of 40 students in the control group and another 40 students in the treatment group. The control group followed conventional learning with teacher centered approach while the treatment group was exposed to the use of mnemonic acronym SIASAT, indices multiplication table and Think-Pair-Share cooperative learning. Findings showed that the students in both groups improved their scores from the pre-test to the post-test. However, the achievement of students in the treatment group was greater than the control group. This study has shown the effectiveness of using mnemonic acronym SIASAT, indices multiplication table and Think-Pair-Share cooperative learning in improving students’ achievement in indices multiplication. Hence, teachers need to be creative and innovative as well as proactive in developing various approaches, techniques and teaching aids that can help low-achieving students in learning mathematics.
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Pommer, Wagner Marcelo, and Clarice Peres Carvalho Retroz Pommer. "TABUADAS DE MULTIPLICAÇÃO: jogos de memorização e compreensão para superar obstáculos de aprendizagem." Cadernos de Pesquisa 26, no. 3 (2019): 303. http://dx.doi.org/10.18764/2178-2229.v26n3p303-321.

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Este texto visa apresentar os resultados de uma pesquisa-ação situada no 5º ano do Ensino Fundamental em uma escola pública do município de São Paulo. Identificamos a tabuada como obstáculo em atividades envolvendo a multiplicação e a divisão entre dois números inteiros. Foram propostos dois jogos para promover o entendimento e a aquisição do conhecimento envolvendo a tabuada, em um contexto dual de jogos de memorização e de atividades do pensamento. O uso de jogos torna-se fundamental na medida em que favorece o lúdico, a motivação e a participação do aluno, articulando memória e pensamento, um par indissociável e imprescindível para a aprendizagem de conteúdos matemáticos. A elaboração e aplicação do jogo ‘passa ... passa ... tabuada’ e o ‘jogo do pareamento’ permitiram o desenvolvimento simultâneo do par memorização e pensamento das operações de multiplicação de inteiros, pela possibilidade de ampliar a rede de relações, compondo uma série de significados para a operação de multiplicação de números inteiros.MULTIPLICATION TABLES: memorization and comprehension games to overcome learning obstaclesAbstractThis text aims to present an action research results situated in 5th grade of Elementary School in a public educational institution at Sao Paulo city. We identify the multiplication table as an obstacle in activities involving multiplication and division between two integers. Two games were proposed to promote both understanding and knowledge acquisition involving the multiplication table in a dual context of games and memorization thought activities. The use of games becomes fundamental as it favors the ludic, motivation and student participation, articulating memory and thought, an inseparable and indispensable pair for learning mathematical content. The elaboration and implementation of 'pass... pass ... multiplication' game and 'pairing game' allowed simultaneous development of thinking and memorization pair concerning to integer multiplication operations, providing the possibility of expanding network relationships, making a number of meanings for integer multiplication operation.Key-words: Multiplication table. Learning. Memorization. Network meaning. Understanding.TABLAS DE MULTIPLICAR: juegos de memorización y comprensión para superar obstáculos de aprendizajeResumenEste texto tiene como objetivo presentar los resultados de una investigación-acción situada en el quinto año de la escuela primaria del municipio de São Paulo. Identificamos la tabla de multiplicar como un obstáculo en las actividades que implican la multiplicación y la división de números enteros. Fueron propuestos dos juegos para promover la comprensión y la adquisición de conocimiento que implica la tabla de multiplicar, en un doble contexto de los juegos de memorización y actividades del pensamiento. El uso de los juegos es fundamental en la medida que favorece el lúdico, la motivación y la participación de los estudiantes, la articulación de la memoria y el pensamiento, una pareja inseparable y esencial para el aprendizaje de contenidos matemáticos. La preparación y la aplicación del juego 'pasa... pasa ... multiplicación’ y ‘el juego de emparejamiento' permitieron el desarrollo simultáneo de la memorización y del pensamiento relacionado con las operación de multiplicación de enteros, por lo que es posible ampliar la red de relaciones, componiendo una serie de significados para la operación de multiplicación de números enteros.Palabras-clave: Tabla de multiplicar. Juegos. Aprendizaje. Memorización. Comprensión.
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Putri Lismayana, Pegi, Nora Surmilasari, and Jayanti. "Pengaruh Media Tabel Perkalian Pintar (TAKALINTAR) Terhadap Hasil Belajar Matematika Siswa Kelas III SD Negeri 95 Palembang." Didaktik : Jurnal Ilmiah PGSD STKIP Subang 9, no. 3 (2023): 270–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.36989/didaktik.v9i3.1417.

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ABSTRAC
 The researcher aims to determine whether there is any influence of the smart multiplication table media (TAKALINTAR) on the Mathematics Learning Outcomes of Class III Students of SD Negeri 95 Palembang. The population in this study were all 60 class III students at SD Negeri 95 Palembang. With a total sample of 30 people who were randomly selected, namely class III.A and class III.B. The method used in this research is quantitative, with the research design used is the posttest only control design. The results of the hypothesis test obtained tcount 4.602 while ttable 1.67065 so that Ho was rejected and Ha was accepted, it can be concluded that the Smart Multiplication Table media (TAKALINTAR) has an effect on the mathematics learning outcomes of the material circumference of flat shapes in class III SD Negeri 95 Palembang.
 Keywords: Smart Multiplication Table Media (TAKALINTAR), Learning Outcomes, Mathematics
 ABSTRAK
 Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui adakah pengaruh media tabel perkalian pintar (TAKALINTAR) Terhadap Hasil Belajar Matematika Siswa Kelas III SD Negeri 95 Palembang. Populasi dalam penelitian ini yaitu seluruh siswa kelas III SD Negeri 95 Palembang yang berjumlah 60 orang. Dengan jumlah sampel 30 orang yang dipilih secara acak yaitu kelas III.A dan kelas III.B. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini kuantitatif, dengan design penelitian yang digunakan adalah posttest only control design. Hasil uji hipotesis diperoleh thitung 4,602 sedangkan ttabel 1,67065 sehingga Ho ditolak dan Ha diterima, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa media Tabel Perkalian Pintar (TAKALINTAR) berpengaruh terhadap hasil belajar matematika materi keliling bangun datar pada siswa kelas III SD Negeri 95 Palembang.
 Kata Kunci : Media Tabel Perkalian Pintar (TAKALINTAR), Hasil Belajar,
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Orbach, Ron, Sivan Lilienthal, Michael Klein, R. D. Levine, Francoise Remacle, and Itamar Willner. "Ternary DNA computing using 3 × 3 multiplication matrices." Chemical Science 6, no. 2 (2015): 1288–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4sc02930e.

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Ternary computing, beyond Boolean logic, is anticipated to enhance computational complexity. DNA-based ternary computing is demonstrated by the assembly of a 3 × 3 multiplication table, and the parallel operation of three 3 × 3 multiplication matrices is highlighted.
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Crankshaw, D. P., and F. Karasawa. "A Method for Implementing Programmed Infusion of Thiopentone and Methohexitone with a Simple Infusion Pump." Anaesthesia and Intensive Care 17, no. 4 (1989): 496–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0310057x8901700418.

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We have tabulated the series of steps in infusion rate required to maintain constant arterial levels of thiopentone and methohexitone. The tables are based on multiexponential equations for infusion rate, derived from plasma drug efflux studies. In each table an initial bolus is followed by nine steps in infusion rate over three hours. The tables provide rates suitable for delivery by a standard syringe pump to achieve and maintain an arterial concentration of 10 mg/l of thiopentone and 5 mg/l of methohexitone. Other desired drug concentrations can be derived from the table by simple multiplication.
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27

Dai, Weihong. "Studies on the Multiplication Table Unearthed in China." Wooden Documents and Inscriptions Studies 25 (December 31, 2020): 257–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.35302/wdis.2020.12.25.257.

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Shult, Douglas L., and Joshua Tenenbaum. "A Three-dimensional Multiplication Table Inspires Mathematical Discovery." Mathematics Teacher 81, no. 2 (1988): 92–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/mt.81.2.0092.

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29

Piskorz, Pawel Jan. "100.02 Square pyramidal numbers and the multiplication table." Mathematical Gazette 100, no. 547 (2016): 108–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/mag.2016.11.

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30

BARKA, Zoheir. "Revisiting the Hidden Symmetries of the Multiplication Table." Journal of Humanistic Mathematics 15, no. 1 (2025): 297–305. https://doi.org/10.5642/jhummath.nare9650.

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Xayriddinov, Shavkat Botirovich, and Behruz Iskandar o'g'li Suvonov. "PERFORM ADDITION AND MULTIPLICATION OPERATIONS IN EXCEL." GOLDEN BRAIN 2, no. 16 (2024): 42–46. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13827409.

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<em>This article analyzes the possibilities of mathematical functions of the Excel table editor. Among the mathematical functions, multiplication and addition were used and the result was obtained using this operation. Information is provided on the use of multiplication and addition operations.</em>
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Kim, Minchul, and Heecheol Yang. "Look-Up Table-Based Fully Private Coded Matrix Multiplication." Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences 48, no. 10 (2023): 1211–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.7840/kics.2023.48.10.1211.

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33

Gowers, W. T., and J. Long. "Partial associativity and rough approximate groups." Geometric and Functional Analysis 30, no. 6 (2020): 1583–647. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00039-020-00553-1.

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AbstractSuppose that a binary operation $$\circ $$ ∘ on a finite set X is injective in each variable separately and also associative. It is easy to prove that $$(X,\circ )$$ ( X , ∘ ) must be a group. In this paper we examine what happens if one knows only that a positive proportion of the triples $$(x,y,z)\in X^3$$ ( x , y , z ) ∈ X 3 satisfy the equation $$x\circ (y\circ z)=(x\circ y)\circ z$$ x ∘ ( y ∘ z ) = ( x ∘ y ) ∘ z . Other results in additive combinatorics would lead one to expect that there must be an underlying ‘group-like’ structure that is responsible for the large number of associative triples. We prove that this is indeed the case: there must be a proportional-sized subset of the multiplication table that approximately agrees with part of the multiplication table of a metric group. A recent result of Green shows that this metric approximation is necessary: it is not always possible to obtain a proportional-sized subset that agrees with part of the multiplication table of a group.
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Sellke, Donald H., Merlyn J. Behr, and Alan M. Voelker. "Using Data Tables to Represent and Solve Multiplicative Story Problems." Journal for Research in Mathematics Education 22, no. 1 (1991): 30–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/jresematheduc.22.1.0030.

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This study tested the effectiveness of an experimental instructional strategy for writing arithmetic sentences for simple multiplication and division story problems involving nonintegral factors. The experimental strategy consisted of building an intermediate problem representation to display the problem quantities in the form of a data table and using multiplicative reasoning. This strategy was compared with a traditional strategy of solving an analogous problem with simpler numbers. Five intact seventh-grade classes participated in the study. Significant effects in favor of the experimental group were found on an intermediate test and a posttest.
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35

Barrouillet, Pierre, Michel Fayol, and Eric Lathulière. "Selecting between Competitors in Multiplication Tasks: An Explanation of the Errors Produced by Adolescents with Learning Difficulties." International Journal of Behavioral Development 21, no. 2 (1997): 253–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/016502597384857.

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Two experiments were conducted in order to determine the nature of the difficulties encountered by learning disabled (LD) adolescents in the resolution of multiplication problems ( a b, where a and b vary between 2 and 9). A response production task (Experiment 1) revealed that the incorrect responses generally belonged to the table of one of the two operands, and that the order of difficulty of the problems was the same for the LDs as for normal children, adolescents, and educated adults as reported in the literature. This result suggests that the difficulties are not solely due to memory problems. Experiment 2 tested the hypothesis that these difficulties were caused by a problem in inhibiting the incorrect responses from a set of possible responses. Subjects completed a multiple response task in which the correct response was presented along with three distractors. The level of interference between the correct response and the distractors was varied by manipulating the nature of the distractors (Null Interference, NI: numbers that did not belong to the multiplication table; Weak Interference, WI: numbers belonging to other tables than those of a and b; Strong Interference, SI: numbers belonging to the tables of either a or b). The SI condition resulted in a higher level of errors than the NI and WI conditions and there was no difference between these latter two conditions. This result suggests that the main difficulty encountered by LD subjects is associated with inefficient inhibition of incorrect responses. Thus, the mobilisation of inhibitory processes seems to be an important stage in the development of multiplication skills.
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Taugynbayeva, G. E., A. Zh Zhubanysheva, Zh K. Tabyldiyeva, and N. Temirgaliyev. "Methods of teaching numbers and the operations of addition and multiplication applied to them in elementary school and the general problems related to them." BULLETIN of the L N Gumilyov Eurasian National University MATHEMATICS COMPUTER SCIENCE MECHANICS Series 138, no. 1 (2022): 45–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.32523/2616-7182/bulmathenu.2022/1.4.

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What is the methodology of reaching the level of "mathematical perfection" in primary school,including the number, arithmetic operations used for them, the multiplication table, the displacement law ofaddition and multiplication operations, what principles should be taken as a basis during the education of thechild and their place in the field of modern science is widely stated.
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37

Kirschen, Marie. "Les féministes jouent livre sur table." Revue du Crieur N° 24, no. 2 (2023): 60–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/crieu.024.0060.

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Multiplication des publications, création de maisons d’édition indépendantes, lancement de collections dédiées dans les maisons historiques, ouvertures de librairies… Tout le monde du livre semble se faire l’écho d’un intérêt croissant pour les enjeux féministes. À bien y regarder, les initiatives sont au moins aussi diverses que leurs motivations. Un double objectif commun pourtant : exister et durer. Observations.
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38

Mahdi, Mohammed Salih, and Nidaa Falih Hassan. "A Proposed Lossy Image Compression based on Multiplication Table." Kurdistan Journal of Applied Research 2, no. 3 (2017): 98–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.24017/science.2017.3.34.

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Lately, Internet improved in the various trends, especially, the use of the image increased due to the daily use in several scopes like social media (Facebook, Twitter, WhatsApp, etc.), connected devices (sensor, IP camera, Internet of Things (IoT) Internet of Everything (IoE), etc) and smart phone devices that users interchanged images estimated in the billions. So, images issues in internet can be summarized into two criteria, the first criteria is considered with transmit image size. The second criteria is considered with low bandwidth through transmission. This paper exhibits a methodology for image compression using an idea of multiplication Table. The suggested algorithm helpful in realizing a preferable achievement by presenting a high Compression Ratio, preserve image quality with a high PSNR, small losing in the original image and efficiently in running time.
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39

Tufail, Muhammad, and Rabiha Qazi. "A closer look at multiplication table of finite rings." Open Journal of Mathematical Sciences 3, no. 1 (2019): 285–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.30538/oms2019.0071.

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40

Jediut, Mariana, Yuliana Sanita Purnama, and Mikael Nardi. "PENGARUH MEDIA PAPER TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR MATEMATIKA MATERI PERKALIAN SISWA KELAS II SD." JISPE Journal of Islamic Primary Education 4, no. 1 (2023): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.51875/jispe.v4i1.210.

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This paper is motivated by the lack of students' mathematics learning outcomes in multiplication material. One of the main reasons is the lack of use of learning media. This study aims to describe the effect of the multiplication board media on the mathematics learning outcomes of multiplication material for second grade students at SDK Beo Rahong. The type of research used is experimental research with a quantitative approach. The research design used is Quasi-Experimental Design. The data collection technique uses a description test technique. The population of this study was all students of SDK Beo Rahong, and the sample was second-grade students, totaling 35 people. Research data were analyzed by t-test. Based on the results of the t-test, obtained value of t count = 2.6298. If viewed from the dk value (18 + 17 – 2 = 33) at a significant level of 0.05, then the t table is 1.6924. Because t count &gt; t table, the hypothesis states that there is an effect of the multiplication board media on the mathematics learning outcomes in multiplication material for second-grade students at SDK Beo Rahong is accepted. It can be seen from the average value after receiving treatment, where the average value of the experimental class = 84.71 while the control class = 78.06. Thus it can be concluded that there is a significant influence on the results of students' mathematics learning taught with the multiplication board.
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Wangberg, Aaron, та Tevian Dray. "E6, the group: The structure of SL(3, 𝕆)". Journal of Algebra and Its Applications 14, № 06 (2015): 1550091. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219498815500917.

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We present the subalgebra structure of 𝔰𝔩(3, 𝕆), a particular real form of 𝔢6 chosen for its relevance to particle physics and its close relation to generalized Lorentz groups. We use an explicit representation of the Lie group 𝔰𝔩(3, 𝕆) to construct the multiplication table of the corresponding Lie algebra 𝔰𝔩(3, 𝕆). Both the multiplication table and the group are then utilized to find various nested chains of subalgebras of 𝔰𝔩(3, 𝕆), in which the corresponding Cartan subalgebras are also nested where possible. Because our construction involves the Lie group, we simultaneously obtain an explicit representation of the corresponding nested chains of subgroups of SL(3, 𝕆).
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42

Bennett, F. E. "Quasigroup Identities and Mendelsohn Designs." Canadian Journal of Mathematics 41, no. 2 (1989): 341–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4153/cjm-1989-017-0.

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A quasigroup is an ordered pair (Q, •), where Q is a set and (•) is a binary operation on Q such that the equations ax — b and ya — b are uniquely solvable for every pair of elements a,b in Q. It is well-known (see, for example, [11]) that the multiplication table of a quasigroup defines a Latinsquare, that is, a Latin square can be viewed as the multiplication table of a quasigroup with the headline and sideline removed. We are concerned mainly with finite quasigroups in this paper. A quasigroup (Q, •) is called idempotent if the identity x2 = x holds for all x in Q.
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43

Sasomo, Budi, Wahyu Anggara, and Pratiwi Novitasari. "Implementasi Metode Study Groups Menggunakan Multiplication Table Terhadap Pemahaman Konsep Perkalian Siswa." Jurnal Inovasi Pembelajaran Matematika (JIPM) 4, no. 2 (2023): 72–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.36379/jipm.v4i2.375.

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Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui implementasi metode study groups menggunakan multiplication table terhadap pemahaman konsep perkalian siswa. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Teknik pegumpulan data yang digunakan adalah observasi dan studi dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunujukkan Metode pemahaman konsep perkalian yang dilakukan peneliti dalam pembelajaran Matematika mampu meningkatkan hasil belajar peserta didik yang semula pada siklus 1 mencapai rata-rata hasil belajar 72,7 menjadi 79 pada siklus ke 2. Hasil pengamatan aktifitas siswa pada siklus I rata-rata 3 pada kategori cukup baik dan pada siklus ke 2, rata-rata 4 pada kategori baik pada penerapan metode study groups menggunakan multiplication table selama simulasi pembelajaran.
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44

SUNDHEIM, PAUL. "AN INFINITE SYSTEM OF HYPERCOMPLEX NUMBERS." Journal of Algebra and Its Applications 11, no. 06 (2012): 1250117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219498812501174.

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A system of hypercomplex numbers is defined for each dimension that is a power of 2. In each of these dimensions, the numbers are associative and commutative but their advantages lie in the ease of multiplication, how closely their properties mirror the properties of the complex numbers in 2 dimensions as well as the location and properties of the zero divisors. In addition, the basis forms a group under multiplication providing a multiplication table that relates all of the roots of –1 and real and non-real roots of 1.
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45

Bintang, Raynanda, Indhira Asih Vivi Yandari, and Trian Pamungkas Alamsyah. "PERBANDINGAN METODE GARISMATIKA DENGAN METODE PERKALIAN BERSUSUN UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN BERHITUNG PERKALIAN PESERTA DIDIK KELAS IV SDN SERANG 9." JURNAL PENDIDIKAN DASAR PERKHASA: Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Dasar 10, no. 2 (2024): 627–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.31932/jpdp.v10i2.3575.

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This study aims to compare the use of the Garismatika method with the traditional column multiplication method in improving multiplication calculation skills among fourth-grade students at Sekolah Dasar Negeri Serang 09. The research method is quantitative with a nonequivalent control group design. The study sampled fourth-grade students, with each class consisting of 26 students. The results show that students who used Garismatika method demonstrated better improvement in multiplication skills compared to those who used the column multiplication method. The improvement in multiplication calculation skills is supported by hypothesis data obtained from the post-test results between the experimental and control groups, with a t-test value of 2.10 and a t-table value of 2.06. Additionally, the N-Gain data in the experimental group was 0.56, compared to 0.41 in the control group.
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46

Chen, Yan-Haw, and Chien-Hsing Huang. "EFFICIENT OPERATIONS IN LARGE FINITE FIELDS FOR ELLIPTIC CURVE CRYPTOGRAPHIC." International Journal of Engineering Technologies and Management Research 7, no. 6 (2020): 141–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/ijetmr.v7.i6.2020.712.

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An efficient method to compute the finite field multiplication for Elliptic Curve point multiplication at high speed encryption of the message is presented. The methods of the operations are based on dynamic lookup table and modified Horner rule method. The modified Horner rule method is not only to finite field operations but also to Elliptic curve scalar multiplication in the encryption and decryption. By comparison with using Russian Peasant method and in the new proposed method, one of the advantages of utilizing the proposed algorithm is that in the Elliptic Curve point addition are reduced by a factor of three in GF (2163). Therefore, using the Algorithm 1 running on Intel CPU, computation cost of the multiplication method is above 70% faster than using standard multiplication by Russian Peasant method. Ultimately, the proposed Algorithm 1 for evaluating multiplication can be made regular, simple and suitable for software implementations.&#x0D;
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47

Manolescu, Dan. "Book Review: Flanders, J. (2020). A Place for Everything. The Curious History of Alphabetical Order. New York: Basic Books." Journal of Critical Studies in Language and Literature 2, no. 5 (2021): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.46809/jcsll.v2i5.80.

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Have you ever wondered what Table of Contents, Times Tables (for multiplication), and the Periodic Table have in common? Or how knowledge of alphabetical order spread out of Egypt into the Greek world, the Roman Empire, and eventually the rest of the world? How about organizing principles from subject categories to a widely accepted concept of today: the alphabetical order? Judith Flanders’s A Place for Everything. The Curious History of Alphabetical Order will answer all these questions (plus lots of other similar inquiries) and will take the reader on an enchanting journey of discovery that might clarify the multiple concepts of storing, registering, and filing information.
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48

Siva Kumar, M., Sanath Kumar Tulasi, N. Srinivasulu, G. S. Krishnam Naidu Yedla, E. Raghuveer, and K. Hari Kishore. "Improvement of the efficiency of booth multiplier." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 1.5 (2017): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i1.5.9118.

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Objective: To Improve the performance of Booth Multiplier and reduce power consumption.Method: The most essential form of multiplication consists of framing the result of two unsigned (positive) binary numbers.Finding: Booth Multiplier consists of pre-defined table. According to this algorithm, multiplication of two numbers x and y (x*y) is same as multiplication of y and x (y*x). At times this rule fails due to which we modify the logic by converting the decimal number in to 4 bit binary number and appending (n-2) zeros at most significant bit and one zero at least significant bit.Improvement: By using this method we can get accurate results in multiplication by multiplying like (x*y) and (y*x).
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49

Choi, Eunmi, and Jiin Jo. "Sequential Properties over Negative Pauli Pascal Table." International Journal of Mathematics and Mathematical Sciences 2020 (December 7, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/3805462.

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For polynomials x + y i and x + y − i satisfying the noncommutative multiplication y x = − x y , let C − 1 and N − 1 be the arithmetic tables, respectively. We investigate sequential properties of various diagonal sums over the tables C − 1 and N − 1 and prove that they are types of interlocked Fibonacci sequence and Padovan sequence.
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50

Zharkova, O. G. "Gamifi cation of Training on the Example of a Video Game Being Developed to Study the Multiplication Table “Multiply with the fox”." Моделирование и анализ данных 10, no. 1 (2020): 189–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/mda.2020100113.

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The article summarizes the results of the fi nal qualifi cation work related to teaching children of primary school age the multiplication table in the form of a video game, this approach is called gamifi cation. The difference between the teaching gamifi cation approach and traditional, modern, and gaming methods for studying the multiplication table is explained, and a description of the methods is given. A brief overview of the features of the video game “Multiply with a fox”. The results of an oral survey to test the knowledge of the multiplication table and test the developed video games for children of preschool and primary school age are presented. It is concluded that this application is not suitable for all students and is aimed at a specifi c audience – these are mainly people with good visual perception, already using smartphones for games and other purposes, children who are shy, or with attention defi cit disorder and hyperreactivity , or with distracted attention, not allowing for a long time to engage in one type of activity without the proper incentive. During testing, it was revealed that people who read slowly, have poor knowledge of numbers, or have vision problems cannot use the training application.
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