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Academic literature on the topic 'Multirésistance virale aux médicaments'
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Journal articles on the topic "Multirésistance virale aux médicaments"
Usman, S. O., O. M. Ajayi, O. Ebiekura, N. Egbonrelu, G. Ebhojie, and A. O. Ariyo. "Evidence of virological failure in patients on second-line anti-retroviral therapy in Southwestern Nigeria: An indication for HIV drug resistance testing." African Journal of Clinical and Experimental Microbiology 22, no. 3 (July 2, 2021): 415–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ajcem.v22i3.13.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Multirésistance virale aux médicaments"
Koch, Nathalie. "Séquençage des gènes pol et env du VIH-1 pour le suivi virologique des patients infectés : optimisation et validation des techniques de séquençage de l'ARN viral et de l'ADN proviral." Aix-Marseille 2, 2000. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2000AIX20666.pdf.
Full textChollet, Renaud. "Régulation génétique de la multirésistance aux antibiotiques chez Enterobacter aerogenes." Aix-Marseille 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AIX20659.
Full textEnterobacter aerogenes is a nosocomial pathogen associated with high mortality rate in intensive care units. Besides the presence of an extended b-lactamase (ESBL) and a chromosomal derepressed cephalosporinase, 5% of clinical isolats show a MultiDrug Resistant (MDR) phenotype. Our work showed that E aerogenes gathers on its genome two systems of MDR regulation: the marRAB and the ramA gene. The two regulators RamA and MarA allow E aerogenes to control exchanges with the external medium and to answer effectively against aggressions. MarA and RamA are able to negatively down-regulate porin expression and to activate the expression of the AcrAB-TolC efflux pump
Schultz-Ascensio, Eliette. "Diffusion d'îlots génomiques de multirésistance aux antibiotiques chez Proteus mirabilis." Thesis, Tours, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOUR3302/document.
Full textThe antibiotic resistance is a major treat for public health. These resistances can be hold by different element and genomic islands are one of them. Salmonella Genomic Island 1 (SGI1) and Proteus Genomic Island 1 (PGI1) are important genetic elements for the antibiotic resistance. A few SGI1 and PGI1 variants were already described in P. mirabilis. It is in this context that this thesis project aimed to improve our knowledge about the epidemiological spread of SGI1 and PGI1 in P. mirabilis in humans but also in animals in France (diversity of isolates and SGI1/PGI1 variants). Moreover, another wish was to identify other factors and actors for the acquisition of antibiotic resistance in the Morganellaceae tribe (Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases, AmpC cephalosporinase, Plasmid-mediated Quinolone Resistance…). Finally, this study revealed the first cases of SGI1 and PGI1 in P. mirabilis in animals in France. New SGI1 variants were also described. And for the very first time, SGI1 was found in M. morganii, another entrobacterial species
Merzougui, Aziza. "Étude fonctionnelle de la protéine MRP2." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25917/25917.pdf.
Full textBreuzard, Gilles. "Mise en évidence de l'intégration membranaire de la mitoxantrone à l'échelle de la cellule vivante par spectroscopie Raman SERS et transfert d'énergie de fluorescence." Reims, 2006. http://theses.univ-reims.fr/exl-doc/GED00000294.pdf.
Full textThe nature of drug/membrane interaction remains in the multi-drug resistance an elusive parameter, though important to define the intracellular uptake of xenobiotic. The aims of this work were to develop different spectroscopic methods in order to analyse the insertion mode of mitoxantrone (MTX) in a resistant BCRP/MXR cell model. On the one hand, SERS spectroscopy (Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering) implicating an extracellular silver colloid to enhance Raman scattering of molecules at the surface of the plasma membrane was used. On the other hand, energy transfer from a membrane fluorescent probe to MTX allowed to determine insertion parameters of MTX in the two leaflets of the membrane. Raman scattering of MTX was observed after focusing the laser on a colloid nanoparticle in contact with the membrane of MTX-treated cells. These results were interpreted as a partial insertion of MTX on the plasma membrane. Moreover, a three-fold SERS intensity increase of MTX was observed for resistant cells, which was explained by a higher xenobiotic accessibility to the colloid. The comparison of insertion time-course investigated by fluorescence energy transfer revealed a similar quantity of membrane-inserted MTX molecules between two cell lines. In conclusion, SERS spectroscopy and fluorescence energy transfer allowed to analyse selectively anticancer molecules at the level of the plasma membrane. Changes of the membrane structure could be at the origin of incorporation differences of MTX
Perrin, Laura. "Modulation du phénotype de multidrogues résistance de cellules leucémiques murines par une approche d'immunothérapie et de chimiothérapie adjuvante." Reims, 2007. http://theses.univ-reims.fr/exl-doc/GED00000683.pdf.
Full text@Among the mechanisms by which cancer cells evade chemotherapy, multidrug resistance (MDR) is certainly the best known. Overproduction of a transmembrane glycoprotein, called P-glycoprotein, was found to correlate with the development of resistance phenotypes to number of unrelated drug and acts as an efflux pump. The aim of this study was to inhibit glycoprotein P activity. We developed an immunotherapy strategy anti-MDR. Specific auto-antibodies to extracellular loops 1, 2 and 4 of murine P-glycoprotein were elicited in mice using palmitoylated synthetic peptides reconstituted in liposomes, with or without Lipid A, and resuspended in alum. The immune response against lipopeptides shows an increase of IgG anti-mpp2 at the third immunization Animals did not show any auto-immune symptoms or induced toxicity up to 18 months after the immunization, answer better of chemotherapy treatments with doxorubicin and vinblastine, an increase of 77% in the survival half time is observed. In vitro, immunized mice sera are able to decrease resistance to chemotherapy. In mice, three mdr isoforms expressed in some normal tissues are known. We analysed by RT-PCR the expression of mdr1, mdr2 and mdr3 in several organs of B6D2F1 mice after vaccination and murine cells. Culture of murine cell lines resistant to doxorubicin (B16R, P388R, L1210R, LM(tk-)R) in the presence of elicited antibodies led to decrease cellular resistance to Vinblastine and Doxorubicin according to mdr genes expression. To reverse the drug resistance, we used trans-resveratrol (trans-3, 4', 5-trihydroxystilbene), on leukemia cells (L1210R, P388R), fibroblastic cells LM(tk-)R. When cells are treated with doxorubicin and sublethal concentrations of trans-resveratrol, the cells became sensitive to doxorubicin. We reported here that trans-resveratrol induced doxorubicin accumulation in leukemic cells as well as modulation of mdr1 gene expression. These data suggest that both, immunotherapy and trans-resveratrol have a strong potential to be used in combination with conventional chemotherapeutic drugs to reverse MDR in cancer cells
Lingoupou-Minime, Fanny. "Diagnostic moléculaire de la tuberculose et caractéristiques des souches mycobacterium tuberculosis multi-résistantes aux antibiotiques à Bangui (République Centrafricaine)." Paris 7, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA077068.
Full textHuman tuberculosis remains a major public health problem. One of the most alarming trends concerning tuberculosis is the emergence and spread of drug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, especially multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains, which are serious threats to the control of tuberculosis. Early detection of M. Tuberculosis drug resistance in clinical isolates is crucial for appropriate treatment to prevent the development of further résistance and the spread of resistant strains. The first part of our study compare molecular tests for the detection of rifampin (RIF) and isoniazid (INH) resistant strains to conventional drug susceptibility testing (DST) and sequencing. Génotype MTBDRplus testing seems to be reliable tool for the detection of INH and RIF résistance in various strains. In addition, our work has also confirmed that T2 spoligotype is common among MDR isolates circulating in Central African Republic (CAR). Second, we studied the innate immune response by infecting in vitro human macrophages with T2 and other M. Tuberculosis strains. Our results show that, compared to reference strains (H37Rv), T2 strains induce a less inflammatory response. Sequencing identified SNPs carried by ail T2 strains suggesting a phylogenetic link. These preliminary results give an important information on chacteristics and pathogenicity of MDR strains in CAR. Finally, we assessed Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) in the diagnosis of tuberculous adenopathy in children. FNA allowed detection of 67. 2»% of TB cases. This tool is simple, cost-effective and non-invasive that provides samples that could be used for bacteriological or molecular confirmation of TB
Bonnin, Rémy. "Mécanismes émergents de résistances aux antibiotiques dans le genre Acinetobacter." Paris 7, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA077072.
Full textThe genus Acinetobacter corresponds to Gram-negative aerobes responsible for severe nosocomial infections in immunocompromised patient. The recent emergence of acquisition of antibiotic résistance in this species greatly complicates the management of infections associated with it. The objectives of our work have included on the one hand in a study of structural and functional of AbaR-type genomic islands in A. Baumannii. A conserved structure of AbaR-type genomic islands has been demonstrated including a complex transposition module. On the other hand, our job consisted in to analyze the emerging mechanisms of résistance to ß-lactams in A. Baumannii. In this context, we determined the biochemical properties and mechanisms of acquisition of a extended-spectrum P-lactamase (ESBL) GES-14 with carbapenemase properties showing hydrolysis of all ß-lactam antibiotics and a peculiar genetic environment leading to resistance to carbapenems. This was the first report of a p-lactamase able to hydrolyze significantly all- ß-lactams. The dissemination of the worrisome NDM-type gene in A. Baumannii has been evidenced. This transposon of 10,099 bp in size was bracketed by two copies of lSAba125. In order to determine if the emergence of the blaNDM ₋₁/₋₂ genes was linked to a clone, a plasmid or a genetic structure, a collection of NDM-producing A. Baumannii from wolrdwide origin was studied. Four new class D carbapenemases intrinsic to Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, Acinetobacter haemolytiens, Acinetobacter johnsonii and Acinetobacter bereziniae were characterized. In the latest species, a carbapenem-resistant isolate was identified. The résistance to carbapenems was mediated by mutations in promoter sequences leading to overexpression. This finding was verified by qRT-PCR. Overall, this work helps to clarify the mechanisms of acquisition of antibiotic resistances in a increasingly important pathogen
Roblin-Pawlak, Corinne. "La mise au point d'un vaccin thérapeutique ciblé contre la P-glycoprotéine : effets sur le phénotype de la résistance multidrogue." Reims, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002REIMP205.
Full text@Resistance of tumor cells to cytotoxic drugs is a major impediment to cancer chemotherapy. Multidrug resistance in human cells determined by the mdr1 gene encoding a membrane glycoprotein called P-glycoprotein found to correlate with the development of resistance phenotypes to a number of drugd (anthracyclines, epipodophyllotoxins, vinca alkaloids, actinomycin D, taxoid derivatives). Complete primary structure of human P-gycoprotein has been determined from the cDNA sequence. The protein 1280 amino acids long consists of two homologous halves, each comprising six putative transmembrane domains, and one nucleotide binding site which acts as an efflux pump on compounds which have neither common chemical structure nor common mechanism of pharmacological action. The murine mdr1 cDNA encodes a 1276 amino acids protein with a structure similar to its human homologue and sequences are 80% homologous with the strongest homology occurring in the intracytoplasmic part of the protien, whereas extracellular sequences differ significantly. Specific auto antibodies to extracellular loops 1, 2 and 4 of murine mdr1 P-gp were elicited in mice using palmitoylated synthetic peptides reconstituted in liposomes. The immune response against lipopeptides shows an increase of IgG anti-mpp1, anti-mpp2 and anti-mpp4 at the third immuzation. Following i. P inoculation of monocytic P388 resistant cells and chemotherapy, in vivo a 77% increase of the survival time in the immunized group (mean time survival of 39 days / 22 days in control group) was observed. Culture of resistant cell lines in the presence of elicited antibodies led to decrease cellular resistance to vinblastin and doxorubicin in monocytic P388R cells (expressing mdr1) and leukemic L1210R cells (expressing mdr1 and mdr3) but not in fibroblastic LM(tk-)R cells and in melanocytic B16R cells. This “vaccine” approach might have potentiel clinical application in resistance typically due to mdr1 expression
Mercier, Claire. "Expression cérébrale et régulation de quatre transporteurs ABC impliqués dans les mécanismes de multirésistance médicamenteuse, P-gp, Mrp1, Mrp5 et Mxr, chez les rongeurs : le modèle astrocytaire." Paris 5, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA05P634.
Full textCellular barriers separate the brain from the rest of the body and preserve hydro-ionic balance and volume. These barriers express many transporters including ABC protein implicated in multidrug resistance. We have studied the expression and regulation of four ABC transporters (P-gp, Mrp1, Mrp5 and Mxr) in rodent brain. By immunohistochemistry, we showed the presence of P-gp, Mrp1 and Mrp5 on different cell types including astrocytes. In rat astrocyte primary cultures, we showed an up-regulation, time and concentration dependant, of P-gp by doxorubicine but not Mrp1 and Mrp5. By RT-PCR, we showed an Abcg2 mRNA enrichment of brain capillaries and an up-regulation of Abcg2 mRNA in mdr1a(-/-) mice