Relevant bibliographies by topics / Multistage flash (MSF) desalination process

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
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Academic literature on the topic 'Multistage flash (MSF) desalination process'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 11 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Multistage flash (MSF) desalination process"

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Ettouney, H., H. El-Dessouky, and F. Al-Juwayhel. "Performance of the once-through multistage flash desalination process." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Journal of Power and Energy 216, no. 3 (May 1, 2002): 229–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/095765002320183559.

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The brine circulation multistage flash desalination process (MSF) dominates the thermal desalination market, while the once-through multistage flash desalination process (MSF-OT) remains to be found on a limited scale. This is because the MSF-OT process has no control on the temperature of the feed sea water. For non-equatorial regions, where the sea water temperature drops to 5 — 15°C during winter operation, the MSF-OT performance deteriorates unless the volume of the low-temperature stages is drastically increased to allow for reduction in the brine reject temperature to lower values. Another approach to solving this problem is to use the brine mixing (MSF-M) technique to control the feed sea water temperature. Irrespective of this, the MSF-OT process should be considered the optimum choice for large-scale thermal desalination in equatorial regions, where the sea water temperature remains constant throughout the year at 28°C. This study focuses on design and performance features of the MSF-OT process. Results are presented in terms of variations in the process thermal performance ratio, the specific heat transfer area and the conversion ratio as a function of the top brine temperature, the number of flashing stages and the feed sea water temperature. The performance of the MSF-OT process is identical to the MSF process as long as the feed sea water temperature remains above 25°C. Evaluation of the MSF-M system and comparison with the performance of the MSF and MSF-OT processes is presented.
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Huang, Qiu-Yun, Ai-Peng Jiang, Han-Yu Zhang, Jian Wang, Yu-Dong Xia, and Lu He. "Dynamic Modelling and Simulation of a Multistage Flash Desalination System." Processes 9, no. 3 (March 13, 2021): 522. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9030522.

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As the leading thermal desalination method, multistage flash (MSF) desalination plays an important role in obtaining freshwater. Its dynamic modeling and dynamic performance prediction are quite important for the optimal control, real-time optimal operation, maintenance, and fault diagnosis of MSF plants. In this study, a detailed mathematical model of the MSF system, based on the first principle and its treatment strategy, was established to obtain transient performance change quickly. Firstly, the whole MSF system was divided into four parts, which are brine heat exchanger, flashing stage room, mixed and split modulate, and physical parameter modulate. Secondly, based on mass, energy, and momentum conservation laws, the dynamic correlation equations were formulated and then put together for a simultaneous solution. Next, with the established model, the performance of a brine-recirculation (BR)-MSF plant with 16-stage flash chambers was simulated and compared for validation. Finally, with the validated model and the simultaneous solution method, dynamic simulation and analysis were carried out to respond to the dynamic change of feed seawater temperature, feed seawater concentration, recycle stream mass flow rate, and steam temperature. The dynamic response curves of TBT (top brine temperature), BBT (bottom brine temperature), the temperature of flashing brine at previous stages, and distillate mass flow rate at previous stages were obtained, which specifically reflect the dynamic characteristics of the system. The presented dynamic model and its treatment can provide better analysis for the real-time optimal operation and control of the MSF system to achieve lower operational cost and more stable freshwater quality.
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Kempton, R., D. Maccioni, S. M. Mrayed, and G. Leslie. "Thermodynamic efficiencies and GHG emissions of alternative desalination processes." Water Supply 10, no. 3 (July 1, 2010): 416–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2010.085.

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Three alternative approaches to desalinating seawater were evaluated with respect to their thermodynamic efficiencies and greenhouse-gas emissions. The technologies considered were multistage flash distillation (MSF), reverse osmosis (RO), and membrane distillation (MD). The analysis was based on published stream data from large-scale operational MSF and RO facilities and experimental-scale data for the MD process. RO was found to be the most exergy-efficient (30.1%) followed by MD (14.27%) and MSF (7.73%). RO and MD required less power consumption to produce water (3.29 kWh/m3 and 5.9 kWh/m3, respectively) compared to MSF which had a much higher energy demand (16.7 kWh/m3). Similar results were obtained when comparing equivalent carbon dioxide emissions from each process; MD and RO accounted for 5.22 and 2.91 kg CO2eq/m3, respectively, whereas MSF generated three to four times that amount. The results indicate that MD has potential as a commercially viable technique for seawater desalination provided a source of waste heat is available. This study provides an overview of the use of thermodynamic efficiency analysis to evaluate desalination processes and provides insight into where energy may be saved with developed desalination processes and areas of research for emerging desalination techniques.
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Wu, Lian Ying, Yang Dong Hu, and Cong Jie Gao. "Optimal Design of Multistage Flash Desalination Process Based on the Modified Genetic Algorithm (MGA)." Advanced Materials Research 233-235 (May 2011): 1044–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.233-235.1044.

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In this paper, a rigorous mathematical model of multistage flash system (MSF) is presented based on a detailed physicochemical representation of the process, including all the fundamental elementary phenomena. In particular, Comparison to the mathematical model of reference, two integer variables, which are the number of recovery stage (NR) and the number of rejection stage (NJ), are introduced to the model. Additionally, two special variables, which are the ratio of recirculation brine water flow rate and distillation flow rate and the ratio of make-up flow rate and the distillation flow rate, are introduced to the model as the continuous variables too. Then, the MSF system is described as a mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP). The objective is to minimize the total annual cost (TAC), which is mainly composed of the operating costs and investment cost. Here the modified genetic algorithm (MGA), which is characterized as mixing coding way, is adopted for the system optimization. A case study and a discussion of the results are presented.
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Alsadaie, Salih, and Iqbal M. Mujtaba. "Crystallization of calcium carbonate and magnesium hydroxide in the heat exchangers of once-through Multistage Flash (MSF-OT) desalination process." Computers & Chemical Engineering 122 (March 2019): 293–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compchemeng.2018.08.033.

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Al-Fulaij, Hala, Andrea Cipollina, Giorgio Micale, Hisham Ettouney, and David Bogle. "Eulerian-Eulerian modelling and computational fluid dynamics simulation of wire mesh demisters in MSF plants." Engineering Computations 31, no. 7 (September 30, 2014): 1242–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ec-03-2012-0063.

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Purpose – The purpose of this study is to focus on simulation of wire mesh demisters in multistage flash desalination (MSF) plants. The simulation is made by the use of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software. Design/methodology/approach – A steady state and two-dimensional (2D) model was developed to simulate the demister. The model employs an Eulerian-Eulerian approach to simulate the flow of water vapor and brine droplets in the demister. The computational domain included three zones, which are the vapor space above and below the demister and the demister. The demister zone was modeled as a tube bank arrange or as a porous media. Findings – Sensitivity analysis of the model showed the main parameters that affect demister performance are the vapor velocity and the demister permeability. On the other hand, the analysis showed that the vapor temperature has no effect on the pressure drop across the demister. Research limitations/implications – The developed model was validated against previous literature data as well as real plant data. The analysis shows good agreement between model prediction and data. Originality/value – This work is the first in the literature to simulate the MSF demister using CFD modeling. This work is part of a group effort to develop a comprehensive CFD simulation for the entire flashing stage of the MSF process, which would provide an extremely efficient and inexpensive design and simulation tool to the desalination community.
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Hamed, Osman A., Mohammad Ak. Al-Sofi, Monazir Imam, Ghulam M. Mustafa, Khalid Bamardouf, and Hamad Al-Washmi. "Simulation of multistage flash desalination process." Desalination 134, no. 1-3 (April 2001): 195–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0011-9164(01)00126-6.

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Alsadaie, Salih M., and Iqbal M. Mujtaba. "Generic Model Control (GMC) in Multistage Flash (MSF) Desalination." Journal of Process Control 44 (August 2016): 92–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jprocont.2016.05.006.

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Hamed, Osman A. "Scale control in multistage flash (MSF) desalination plants – lessons learnt." DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT 81 (2017): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2017.21075.

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Husain, A., A. Woldai, Adel AI-Radif, A. Kesou, R. Borsani, H. Sultan, and P. B. Deshpandey. "Modelling and simulation of a multistage flash (MSF) desalination plant." Desalination 97, no. 1-3 (August 1994): 555–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0011-9164(94)00114-6.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Multistage flash (MSF) desalination process"

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Hawaidi, Ebrahim A. M. "Simulation, optimisation and flexible scheduling of MSF desalination process under fouling. Optimal design and operation of MSF desalination process with brine heater and demister fouling, flexible design operation and scheduling under variable demand and seawater temperature using gPROMS." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/5629.

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Among many seawater desalination processes, the multistage flash (MSF) desalination process is a major source of fresh water around the world. The most costly design and operation problem in seawater desalination is due to scale formation and corrosion problems. Fouling factor is one of the many important parameters that affect the operation of MSF processes. This thesis therefore focuses on determining the optimal design and operation strategy of MSF desalinations processes under fouling which will meet variable demand of freshwater. First, a steady state model of MSF is developed based on the basic laws of mass balance, energy balance, and heat transfer equations with supporting correlations for physical properties. gPROMS software is used to develop the model which is validated against the results reported in the literature. The model is then used in further investigations. Based on actual plant data, a simple dynamic fouling factor profile is developed which allows calculation of fouling factor at different time (season of the year). The role of changing brine heater fouling factor with varying seawater temperatures (during the year) on the plant performance and the monthly operating costs for fixed water demand and fixed top brine temperature are then studied. The total monthly operation cost of the process are minimised while the operating parameters such as make up, brine recycle flow rate and steam temperature are optimised. It was found that the seasonal variation in seawater temperature and brine heater fouling factor results in significant variations in the operating parameters and operating costs. The design and operation of the MSF process are optimized in order to meet variable demands of freshwater with changing seawater temperature throughout the day and throughout the year. On the basis of actual data, the neural network (NN) technique has been used to develop a correlation for calculating dynamic freshwater demand/consumption profiles at different times of the day and season. Also, a simple polynomial based dynamic seawater temperature correlation is developed based on actual data. An intermediate storage tank between the plant and the client is considered. The MSF process model developed earlier is coupled with the dynamic model for the storage tank and is incorporated into the optimization framework within gPROMS. Four main seasons are considered in a year and for each season, with variable freshwater demand and seawater temperature, the operating parameters are optimized at discrete time intervals, while minimizing the total daily costs. The intermediate storage tank adds flexible scheduling and maintenance opportunity of individual flash stages and makes it possible to meet variable freshwater demand with varying seawater temperatures without interrupting or fully shutting down the plant at any-time during the day and for any season. Finally, the purity of freshwater coming from MSF desalination plants is very important when the water is used for industrial services such as feed of boiler to produce steam. In this work, for fixed water demand and top brine temperature, the effect of separation efficiency of demister with seasonal variation of seawater temperatures on the final purity of freshwater for both cleaned and fouled demister conditions is studied. It was found that the purity of freshwater is affected by the total number of stages. Also to maintain the purity of freshwater product, comparatively large number of flash stage is required for fouled demister.
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Hawaidi, Ebrahim Ali M. "Simulation, optimisation and flexible scheduling of MSF desalination process under fouling : optimal design and operation of MSF desalination process with brine heater and demister fouling, flexible design operation and scheduling under variable demand and seawater temperature using gPROMS." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/5629.

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Among many seawater desalination processes, the multistage flash (MSF) desalination process is a major source of fresh water around the world. The most costly design and operation problem in seawater desalination is due to scale formation and corrosion problems. Fouling factor is one of the many important parameters that affect the operation of MSF processes. This thesis therefore focuses on determining the optimal design and operation strategy of MSF desalinations processes under fouling which will meet variable demand of freshwater. First, a steady state model of MSF is developed based on the basic laws of mass balance, energy balance, and heat transfer equations with supporting correlations for physical properties. gPROMS software is used to develop the model which is validated against the results reported in the literature. The model is then used in further investigations. Based on actual plant data, a simple dynamic fouling factor profile is developed which allows calculation of fouling factor at different time (season of the year). The role of changing brine heater fouling factor with varying seawater temperatures (during the year) on the plant performance and the monthly operating costs for fixed water demand and fixed top brine temperature are then studied. The total monthly operation cost of the process are minimised while the operating parameters such as make up, brine recycle flow rate and steam temperature are optimised. It was found that the seasonal variation in seawater temperature and brine heater fouling factor results in significant variations in the operating parameters and operating costs. The design and operation of the MSF process are optimized in order to meet variable demands of freshwater with changing seawater temperature throughout the day and throughout the year. On the basis of actual data, the neural network (NN) technique has been used to develop a correlation for calculating dynamic freshwater demand/consumption profiles at different times of the day and season. Also, a simple polynomial based dynamic seawater temperature correlation is developed based on actual data. An intermediate storage tank between the plant and the client is considered. The MSF process model developed earlier is coupled with the dynamic model for the storage tank and is incorporated into the optimization framework within gPROMS. Four main seasons are considered in a year and for each season, with variable freshwater demand and seawater temperature, the operating parameters are optimized at discrete time intervals, while minimizing the total daily costs. The intermediate storage tank adds flexible scheduling and maintenance opportunity of individual flash stages and makes it possible to meet variable freshwater demand with varying seawater temperatures without interrupting or fully shutting down the plant at any-time during the day and for any season. Finally, the purity of freshwater coming from MSF desalination plants is very important when the water is used for industrial services such as feed of boiler to produce steam. In this work, for fixed water demand and top brine temperature, the effect of separation efficiency of demister with seasonal variation of seawater temperatures on the final purity of freshwater for both cleaned and fouled demister conditions is studied. It was found that the purity of freshwater is affected by the total number of stages. Also to maintain the purity of freshwater product, comparatively large number of flash stage is required for fouled demister.
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Alsadaie, Salih M. M. "Design and Operation of Multistage Flash (MSF) Desalination: Advanced Control Strategies and Impact of Fouling. Design operation and control of multistage flash desalination processes: dynamic modelling of fouling, effect of non-condensable gases on venting system design and implementation of GMC and fuzzy control." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/15924.

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The rapid increase in the demand on fresh water due the increase in the world population and scarcity of natural water puts more stress on the desalination industrial sector to install more desalination plants around the world. Among these desalination plants, multistage flash desalination process (MSF) is considered to be the most reliable technique of producing potable water from saline water. In recent years, however, the MSF process is confronting many problems to cut off the cost and increase its performance. Among these problems are the non-condensable gases (NCGs) and the accumulation of fouling which they work as heat insulation materials. As a result, the MSF pumps and the heat transfer equipment are overdesigned and consequently increase the capital cost and decrease the performance of the plants. Moreover, improved process control is a cost effective approach to energy conservation and increased process profitability. Thus, this study is motivated by the real absence of detailed kinetic fouling model and implementation of advance process control (APC). To accomplish the above tasks, commercial modelling tools can be utilized to model and simulate MSF process taking into account the NCGs and fouling effect, and optimum control strategy. In this research, gPROMS (general PROcess Modeling System) model builder has been used to develop the MSF process model. First, a dynamic mathematical model of MSF is developed based on the basic laws of mass balance, energy balance and heat transfer. Physical and thermodynamic properties of brine, distillate and water vapour are included to support the model. The model simulation results are validated against actual plant data published in the literature and good agreement with these data is obtained. Second, the design of venting system in MSF plant and the effect of NCGs on the overall heat transfer coefficient (OHTC) are studied. The release rate of NCGs is studied using Henry’s law and the locations of venting points are optimised. The results reveal that high concentration of NCGs heavily affects the OHTC. Furthermore, advance control strategy namely: generic model control (GMC) is designed and introduced to the MSF process to control and track the set points of the two most important variables in the MSF plant; namely the Top Brine Temperature (TBT) which is the output temperature of the brine heater and the Brine Level (BL) in the last stage. The results are compared to conventional Proportional Integral Derivative Controller (PID) and show that GMC controller provides better performance over conventional PID controller to handle a nonlinear system. In addition, a new control strategy called hybrid Fuzzy-GMC is developed and implemented to control the same aforementioned loops. Its results reveal that the new control outperforms the pure GMC in some areas. Finally, a dynamic fouling model is developed and incorporated into the MSF dynamic process model to predict fouling at high temperature and high velocity. The proposed dynamic model considers the attachment and removal mechanisms of calcium carbonate and magnesium hydroxide with more relaxation of the assumptions. Since the MSF plant stages work as a series of heat exchangers, there is a continuous change of temperature, heat flux and salinity of the seawater. The proposed model predicts the behaviour of fouling based on the physical and thermal conditions of every single stage of the plant.
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Helal, A. M. "Mathematical modelling and simulation of multistage flash (MSF) desalination plants." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.356426.

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Woldai, Abraha. "Modelling, simulation and adaptive control of a multi-stage flash (MSF) seawater desalination process." Thesis, University of Bath, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.242796.

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Alsadaie, S., and Iqbal M. Mujtaba. "Crystallization of calcium carbonate and magnesium hydroxide in the heat exchangers of once-through multistage flash (MSF-OT) desalination process." 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/16566.

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Yes
In this paper, a dynamic model of fouling is presented to predict the crystallization of calcium carbonate and magnesium hydroxide inside the condenser tubes of Once-Through Multistage Flash (MSF-OT) desalination process. The model considers the combination of kinetic and mass diffusion rates taking into account the effect of temperature, velocity and salinity of the seawater. The equations for seawater carbonate system are used to calculate the concentration of the seawater species. The effects of salinity and temperature on the solubility of calcium carbonate and magnesium hydroxide are also considered. The results reveal an increase in the fouling inside the tubes caused by crystallization of CaCO3 and Mg(OH)2 with increase in the stage temperature. The intake seawater temperature and the Top Brine Temperature (TBT) are varied to investigate their impact on the fouling process. The results show that the (TBT) has greater impact than the seawater temperature on increasing the fouling.
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Alsadaie, S. M., and Iqbal M. Mujtaba. "Generic Model Control (GMC) in Multistage Flash (MSF) Desalination." 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/8468.

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Yes
Multistage Flash Desalination (MSF) is currently facing an enormous challenge in cutting of the cost: within the last few years, the MSF experienced a gradual decline in investment compared to other techniques of desalting water and thus, a significant improvement is required to remain attractive for capital investors. Improved process control is a cost effective approach to energy conservation and increased process profitability. In this work, a dynamic model is presented using gPROMS model builder to optimize and control MSF process. The Proportional Integral Derivative Controller (PID) and Generic Model Control (GMC) are used successfully to control the Top Brine Temperature (TBT) and the Brine Level (BL) in the last stage at different times of the year. The objectives of this study are: firstly, to obtain optimum TBT and BL profiles for four different seasons throughout the year by minimizing the Total Seasonal Operating Cost (TSOC); secondly, to track the optimum TBT and BL profiles using PID and GMC controllers with and without the presence of constraints; thirdly, to examine how both types of controllers handle the disturbances which occur in the plant. The results are promising and show that GMC controller provides better performance over conventional PID controller to handle a nonlinear system.
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Alsadaie, S. M., and Iqbal M. Mujtaba. "Dynamic modelling of Heat Exchanger fouling in multistage flash (MSF) desalination." 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/11351.

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Yes
Fouling on heat transfer surfaces due to scale formation is the most concerned item in thermal desalination industry. Here, a dynamic fouling model is developed and incorporated into the MSF dynamic process model to predict fouling at high temperature and high velocity. The proposed dynamic model considers the attachment and removal mechanisms in the fouling phenomena with more relaxation of the assumptions such as the density of the fouling layer and salinity of the recycle brine. While calcium sulphate might precipitate at very high temperature, only the crystallization of calcium carbonate and magnesium hydroxide are considered in this work. Though the model is applied in a 24 stages brine recycle MSF plant, only the heat recovery section (21 stages) is considered under this study. The effect of flow velocity and surface temperature are investigated. By including both diffusion and reaction mechanism in the fouling model, the results of the fouling prediction model are in good agreement with most recent studies in the literature. The deposition of magnesium hydroxide increases with the increase in surface temperature and flow velocity while calcium carbonate deposition increases with the increase in the surface temperature and decreases with the increase in the flow velocity.
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Li, Jhen Ren, and 李鎮任. "Dynamic Modeling and Control of an Industrial Multistage Flash Desalination Process." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/38943573972623491732.

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碩士
長庚大學
化工與材料工程研究所
97
The water desalination industry was started early in the 20th century. Many desalination plants were build on the aridity of gulf, especially located around the Mediterranean. It is known that multistage flash (MSF) and reverse osmosis (RO) technologies remain the main standards in today’s seawater desalination industry. To maintain the safe and smooth operation of desalination systems at their optimal conditions, an efficient and accurate process control system used in the plant is necessary. The AZ-ZOUR SOUTH MSF desalination plant was commercially operated on 1988 and located at approximately 100 Km south of Kuwait city. Al-Shayji (1998) first studied the modeling and control problems of this large scaled industrial plant by commercial simulation software. This work also tries to study the overall operation and control problems for the above industrial MSF plant. By using the process design simulator, the overall process flow sheet of this large scaled MSF plant can be successfully developed. The steady-state and dynamic simulation results show the proposed process flow sheets are consistent with those appeared in the literature. Moreover, the obtained control performances of the TBT loop and distillated water production are better than the results presented by Al-Shayji (1998).
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Said, Said Alforjani R., M. Emtir, and Iqbal M. Mujtaba. "Flexible Design and Operation of Multi-Stage Flash (MSF) Desalination Process Subject to Variable Fouling and Variable Freshwater Demand." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/9720.

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yes
This work describes how the design and operation parameters of the Multi-Stage Flash (MSF) desalination process are optimised when the process is subject to variation in seawater temperature, fouling and freshwater demand throughout the day. A simple polynomial based dynamic seawater temperature and variable freshwater demand correlations are developed based on actual data which are incorporated in the MSF mathematical model using gPROMS models builder 3.0.3. In addition, a fouling model based on stage temperature is considered. The fouling and the effect of noncondensable gases are incorporated into the calculation of overall heat transfer co-efficient for condensers. Finally, an optimisation problem is developed where the total daily operating cost of the MSF process is minimised by optimising the design (no of stages) and the operating (seawater rejected flowrate and brine recycle flowrate) parameters.
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Books on the topic "Multistage flash (MSF) desalination process"

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Khan, Arshad Hassan. Desalination processes and multistage flash distillation practice. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1986.

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Book chapters on the topic "Multistage flash (MSF) desalination process"

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Mujtaba, Iqbal M., and Salih Alsadaie. "Freshwater Production by the Multistage Flash (MSF) Desalination Process." In Water Management, 103–34. First editor. | Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis, a CRC title, part of the Taylor & Francis imprint, a member of the Taylor & Francis Group, the academic division of T&F Informa, plc, [2019] | Series: Green chemistry and chemical engineering: CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b22241-8.

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Mujtaba, Iqbal M. "Modeling Multistage Flash Desalination Process - Current Status and Future Development." In Process Systems Engineering, 287–317. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527631209.ch69.

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Mujtaba, Iqbal M. "Modeling Multistage Flash Desalination Process - Current Status and Future Development." In Process Systems Engineering, 287–317. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527631339.ch9.

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Lior, Noam, Ali El-Nashar, and Corrado Sommariva. "Advanced Instrumentation, Measurement, Control, and Automation (IMCA) in Multistage Flash (MSF) and Reverse-Osmosis (RO) Water Desalination." In Advances in Water Desalination, 453–658. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118347737.ch6.

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Alsadaie, Salih, and Iqbal M. Mujtaba. "Crystallization of Calcium Carbonate and Magnesium Hydroxide in the Heat Exchangers of Once-through Multistage Flash Process Desalination." In Computer Aided Chemical Engineering, 349–54. Elsevier, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-63965-3.50060-x.

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Woldai, A., Darwish M. K. Al-Gobaisi, R. W. Dunn, A. Kurdali, and G. P. Rao. "SIMULATION AIDED DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF AN ADAPTIVE SCHEME WITH OPTIMALLY TUNED PID CONTROLLER FOR A LARGE MULTISTAGE FLASH SEAWATER DESALINATION PLANT - PART I: Process Description, Linearised Dynamic Model And Its Features." In Adaptive Systems in Control and Signal Processing 1995, 95–100. Elsevier, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-042375-3.50015-9.

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Conference papers on the topic "Multistage flash (MSF) desalination process"

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Islam, Md, F. Banat, A. Baba, and S. Abuyahya. "Design and Development of a Small Multistage Flash Desalination System Using Aspen HYSYS." In ASME-JSME-KSME 2019 8th Joint Fluids Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ajkfluids2019-4975.

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Abstract Fresh water demands are increasing day by day because of growing population, industrialization, and increased living standards. Desalination technology has become a significant solution of fresh drinking water for many parts of the world. Lack of fresh water resources in dry environments has encouraged the establishment of desalination processes and developed technology to compensate for water scarcity. The MSF (multistage flash) desalination technique has received wide spread acceptance due to low temperature heat source (waste heat/inexpensive energy), simple construction high process reliability and simple maintenance. MSF typically has the highest water production cost among available desalination technologies, which can be reduced with using solar energy/co-generation. Since Abu Dhabi is in the solar belt region and is blessed with huge solar energy, MSF desalination can be powered by solar power in addition to industrial waste/fossil fuel energy, which will significantly reduce the cost as well as carbon, footprint. In this research, multistage flash desalination is modelled using ASPEN HYSYS package V8. We have designed each components of the system, mostly heating source, vacuum/flash chambers, heat exchangers and developed the whole system. Some parametric study, i.e. feed rate, top brine temperature, heat input, pressure, productivity etc. of multistage flash desalination system has been conducted in this research. Two case studies have been conducted and found a relation between feed flow rate and water production rate as well as chamber pressure with vapor formation. This design will help to build the pilot plant, do experimental test and validate the model.
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2

Abutayeh, Mohammad, Mohammad Humood, Ammar Abdulkarim Alsheghri, Abdullah Jamal Al Hammadi, and Abdul Rahman Farraj. "Experimental Study of a Solar Thermal Desalination Unit." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-66174.

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Scarcity of potable water causes a serious problem in arid regions of the world where freshwater is becoming insufficient and expensive. Warm regions in the Middle East and North Africa are considered among the severest water shortage places. The objective of this project is to study the potential of using solar energy to run existing multi-stage flash (MSF) desalination units in the Arabian Gulf. One problem with MSF is the low efficiency of the system because of the bulk energy required for heating. Exploitation of solar energy in thermal desalination processes is a promising technology because of the ubiquitous nature of sun’s energy. Experimental studies were conducted on a single flash desalination unit. The pilot unit demonstrates the use of solar radiation as the thermal energy input. The process starts by preheating seawater through a vacuumed condenser. Seawater, then, flows inside a circulation tank to be indirectly heated by a heat transfer fluid. The heat transfer fluid circulates inside a flat plate solar collector facing south to absorb solar energy. After raising its temperature, seawater goes through an expansion valve and flashes in a vacuumed chamber to form brine and vapor. The vapor transfers to the condenser and condenses to form potable water by losing its latent heat of vaporization to incoming seawater. The flow rate of the working fluid is controlled via a control valve based on a set point temperature reference. The experiments were carried out using different values of the controlling variables to enhance analysis and validate results.
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3

Khawaji, Akili D., Tariq Khan, and Jong-Mihn Wie. "Gas Turbine Operating Experience in a Power / Seawater Desalination Cogeneration Mode." In ASME 1997 Turbo Asia Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/97-aa-120.

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The Royal Commission power, desalination and seawater cooling (PD&SC) plant located in Madinat Yanbu Al-Sinaiyah, Saudi Arabia, includes eight MS-7001 E frame 7 gas turbine generators (GTGs). The GTGs are used in cogenerating electricity and process steam primarily required for desalinating seawater by a multi-stage flash (MSF) evaporation process. This paper describes the operating experience of the GTGs in a simple cycle and a cogeneration mode coupled to heat recovery steam generation. The significant problems, countermeasures and the GTG and heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) reliability, availability and performance are also discussed in the paper.
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4

Khoshgoftar Manesh, Mohammad Hasan, Hooman Ghalami, Sajad Khamis Abadi, Majid Amidpour, and Mohammad Hosein Hamedi. "A New Targeting Method for Combined Heat, Power and Desalinated Water Production in Total Site." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-88885.

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Low-grade heat is available in large amounts across process industry from temperatures of 30 °C to 250 °C as gases (e.g. flue gas) and/or liquids (e.g. cooling water). Various technologies are available for generating, distributing, utilizing and disposing of low grade energy. Also, conventional desalination technologies are energy intensive and if the required energy hails from fossil fuel source, then the freshwater production will contribute to carbon dioxide emission and consequently global warming. In this regard, low grade heat source can be very useful to provide energy to the heat sink by upgrading low-grade energy (e.g. low pressure steam). The upgrade of low grade heat can be carried out by desalination technologies by recovering waste heat from various sources. The steam network of site utility system has a suitable potential for production of low grade heat. Estimation of cogeneration potential prior to the design of the central utility system for site utility systems, is vital to set targets on site fuel demand as well as heat and power production. So, a new cogeneration targeting model has been developed for integration of steam desalination systems and site utility of process plant. The new procedure to find optimal integration has been proposed based on new cogeneration targeting. In this paper, evaluation of coupling different desalination systems which includes multi-stage flash (MSF), multiple effect distillation (MED), membrane reverse osmosis (RO), and hybrid (MSF/MED-RO) to steam network of site utility system with have been considered. The integration of desalination systems to a low grade heat source has been performed using proposed cogeneration targeting method. In addition, a modified Site Utility Grand Composite Curve (SUGCC) diagram is proposed and compared to the original SUGCC. A steam network of process utility system has been considered as a case study.
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5

de Bruyn, Riaan, Ryan Hannink, Reiner Kuhr, Jan P. Van Ravenswaay, Nick Zervos, and Kishna Bhagat. "PBMR Desalination Options: An Economic Study." In Fourth International Topical Meeting on High Temperature Reactor Technology. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/htr2008-58212.

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The Pebble Bed Modular Reactor (PBMR), under development in South Africa, is an advanced helium-cooled graphite moderated high-temperature gas-cooled nuclear reactor. The heat output of the PBMR is primarily suited for process applications or power generation. In addition, various desalination technologies can be coupled to the PBMR to further improve the overall efficiency and economics, where suitable site opportunities exist. Several desalination application concepts were evaluated for both a cogeneration configuration as well as a waste heat utilization configuration. These options were evaluated to compare the relative economics of the different concepts and to determine the feasibility of each configuration. The cogeneration desalination configuration included multiple PBMR units producing steam for a power cycle, using a back-pressure steam turbine generator exhausting into different thermal desalination technologies. These technologies include Multi-Effect Distillation (MED), Multi-Effect Distillation with Thermal Vapor Compression (MED-TVC) as well as Multi-Stage Flash (MSF) with all making use of extraction steam from backpressure turbines. These configurations are optimized to maximize gross revenue from combined power and desalinated water sales using representative economic assumptions with a sensitivity analysis to observe the impact of varying power and water costs. Increasing turbine back pressure results in a loss of power output but a gain in water production. The desalination systems are compared as incremental investments. A standard MED process with minimal effects appears most attractive, although results are very sensitive with regards to projected power and water values. The waste heat utilization desalination configuration is based on the current 165 MWe PBMR Demonstration Power Plant (DPP) to be built for the South African utility Eskom. This demonstration plant is proposed at the Koeberg Nuclear site and utilizes a direct, single shaft recuperative Brayton Cycle with helium as working fluid. The Brayton Cycle uses a pre-cooler and inter-cooler to cool the helium before entering the low-pressure compressor (LPC) and the high-pressure compressor (HPC) respectively. The pre-cooler and intercooler rejects 218 MWt of waste heat at 73°C and 63°C, respectively. This waste heat is ideally suited for some low temperature desalination processes and can be used without negative impact on the power output and efficiency of the nuclear power plant. These low temperature processes include Low Temperature Multi-Effect Distillation (LT-MED) as well Reverse Osmosis (RO) with pre-heated water. The relative economics of these design concepts are compared as add-ons to the PBMR-DPP and the results include a net present value (NPV) study for both technologies. From this study it can be concluded that both RO as well LT-MED provide water at reasonable production rates, although a final study recommendation would be based on site and area specific requirements.
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