Academic literature on the topic 'Multitasking journalist'

The article deals with writing and editing practices as key components of media environment that consolidate public intelligence and social activities. The authors analyze the results of a sociological study that involved a survey sampling 93 journalists from 27 Russian regional newspapers. The respondents were asked to give their opinion on mission and tasks of journalism, on types, stages and methods of writing and editing practices, on genre and topic-specific focus and other currently important issues. The study shows that regional journalists are largely focused on satisfying their audience’s needs and interests, and have a rather adequate and fully professional understanding of the essentials and features of writing and editing practices. The research also revealed that writing and editing practices are still dominant among other journalist activities, albeit they have survived significant transformations resulting from the most recent technological and socio-political processes. Meanwhile, the processes of writing and editing demonstrate increased operational efficiency and wider opportunities for communication and obtaining information. Emergence of new technological tools contribute to the development of media-publicity. Thus, journalists of regional newspapers are now working within the contemporary trend in conventive communication strategies and techniques, which generally conforms to the existing conditions characterized by a growing importance of discourse media landscapes as means of involving intelligence resources in programming, and in modelling and building up social practices. Besides describing and analyzing the criteria, conditions and factors of optimality of writing and editing, the authors note some negative current trends, particularly, multitasking of a journalist. This key trend requires a journalist not only to be a universal author, but also to act as a media-man that performs a large number of tasks, such as processing the content, its placement and promotion, etc. This leads to the necessity of acquiring new skills in preparing convergent content for various media-platforms and performing multiple functions under the pressure of staff redundancies. All this, together with other factors, has added to the increasing stressfulness of the profession, and caused a significant growth of the secondary, stereotypical, content. At the same time, veracity of the reported information and the share of high-quality and exclusive publications have decreased.

La renovación de los perfiles periodís­ticos representa uno de los principales desafíos profesionales y formativos en las próximas décadas. Mientras los me­dios de comunicación asumen los nue­vos roles en un proceso cambiante de “ensayo y error”, la universidad investi­ga esas adaptaciones para trasladarlas, progresivamente, a su oferta en el aula. Este artículo se centra en la perspectiva investigadora y formativa con el obje­tivo de conocer cuáles son los perfiles periodísticos emergentes más reconoci­dos en el ámbito académico. Para ello se recurre a una doble metodología me­diante una revisión bibliométrica sobre 44 revistas (2000-2017) —que permite conocer qué perfiles son los más investi­gados y reconocidos— junto a un aná­lisis de contenido de la oferta de perfiles de 39 Grados en Periodismo en España señalados como “salidas laborales”. Los resultados reflejan que predominan las investigaciones en torno a tres perfiles —periodista multimedia-multitarea, community manager y periodista de datos—; se ofrecen las denominacio­nes, definiciones y funciones atribuidas académicamente a cada uno de ellos; y se confirma la limitada incorporación de perfiles emergentes como salidas la­borales expresamente recogidas en las webs de los Grados en Periodismo. Emerging Journalistic Profiles Recognized in the University: Research, Conceptualization and Offer in the DegreeThe reshaping of journalistic profiles poses one of the main professional and formative challenges in the coming decades. While the media assume the new roles in a changing process of ‘trial and error’, universities look into these adaptations in order to transfer them, progressively, to their educational provi­sion. This article focuses on the research and training approach with the aim of finding out the most recognized journa listic profiles emerging in the academic field. The paper uses two methodolo­gies: a bibliometric review of 44 jour­nals (2000-2017) —which allows us to identify which profiles are the most researched and recognized— together with a content analysis of the profile offer from 39 Degrees in Journalism in Spain described as ‘professional paths’. The results show that research is pre­valent around three profiles —multime­dia-multitasking journalist, community manager and data journalist—; the naming, definitions and functions aca­demically attributed to each of them are described; and the results confirm the limited incorporation of the emerging profiles as work opportunities as par­ticularly recognized on the websites of the Degrees in Journalism. Palabras clave: perfil periodístico mul­timedia, community manager, perio­dismo de datos, redes sociales, univer­sidad.Key words: multimedia journalistic pro­file, community manager, data journa­lism, social networks, university.

This study aims to reveal the application of the principles of McJournalism by cyber media in Indonesia. This research has a subjective approach with a constructivist paradigm and uses descriptive qualitative methods. The theory used is McJournalism, which is based on George Ritzer's McDonaldization theory. The sample for this research is Tribunnews.com, an Indonesian cyber media that has the largest network in Indonesia. Data collection was carried out through semi-structured interviews with ten informants, and content analysis of the news published on the website www.Tribunnews.com from December 2020 to January 2021. The implementation of the principle of efficiency was carried out in seven forms. First, the headline uses clickbait. Second, the headline is bombastic, provocative, and lengthy. Third, there are interesting photos in each story. Fourth, one paragraph contains one sentence and the distance between the paragraphs is tenuous. Fifth, the news is distributed through social media by network members. The principle of calculation is carried out by producing as much news as possible. In one day 700 to 1000 news stories are produced, which have high human interest news value and the ability to be shared on social media. The implementation of the predictability principle is carried out by giving a uniformed website appearance and format. The principle of control is applied by utilising communication technology such as smartphones, search engines, and social media analytics programme in the process of journalistic work. Keywords: Clickbait, journalist, McDonaldization, McJournalism, multitasking.

The Internet has brought changes to journalism and the routines of news producers. Over time, professionals in online journalism have had to take on more tasks within the same news making process; one which is replete with speed. This article analyzes how multitasking enhances time pressure in the production routines of web journalism. The research used for the analysis was a collection of in-depth interviews conducted with web journalists from two websites in Brasília. The results from these interviews show that online producers tend to compare themselves with other media professionals. They also believe that they multitask more than other journalists do. Multitasking is seen as one of the aggravating factors leading to time pressure in production routines. It also raises other questions about web journalism. A internet implica transformações no jornalismo e nas rotinas dos produtores da notícia. Ao longo do tempo, o exercício do jornalismo em rede agregou outras tarefas a serem executadas pelos profissionais em um mesmo processo de produção da notícia, permeado pela rapidez. O artigo objetiva analisar como as multitarefas potencializam a pressão do tempo nas rotinas produtivas do webjornalismo. Para a análise, foram aplicadas como técnica de pesquisa entrevistas em profundidade com webjornalistas de dois sites de notícias de Brasília. Os resultados apontam que os webjornalistas tendem a se comparar com profissionais de outras mídias e se consideram jornalistas mais multitarefas do que os demais. As multitarefas são interpretadas como um dos agravantes da pressão do tempo nas rotinas produtivas, além de levantarem outros questionamentos sobre o webjornalismo.La internet implica transformaciones en el periodismo y en las rutinas de los productores de noticias. Con el tiempo, el ejercicio del periodismo en red añadió otras tareas para los profesionales en un mismo proceso de producción de noticias, impregnado por la velocidad. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo evaluar como las multitareas potencian la presión del tiempo en las rutinas productivas en ciberperiodismo. Para el análisis, se aplicaron como una técnica de investigación entrevistas en profundidad con periodistas de internet de dos sitios web de noticias de Brasilia. Los resultados muestran que los ciberperiodistas tienden a compararse con profesionales de otros medios y consideran que son más multitareas que otros periodistas. Las multitareas son interpretadas como un agravante de la presión del tiempo en las rutinas productivas y que causan otras cuestiones sobre el ciberperiodismo.

The advent of the Internet in Malaysia in 1998 has changed the world of journalism from conventional to digital. For that, all journalists need to be prepared with various skills in order to meet the needs of the current audience so as not to be left behind. However, not all journalists are ready to face the changes that occur in the world of journalism which require them to handle various tasks simultaneously (multitasking) either in terms of writing news, taking photos, and editing videos. This study uses in-depth interviews involving eight print journalists and broadcast comprising Malays, Chinese, and Indians in two states in Malaysia with more than 10 years of experience in journalism. The objective of the study is to examine journalists' views on the world of journalism, among others in terms of skills, technology, challenges, and future. The findings of the study found that journalists, regardless of print or broadcast media are now facing major challenges in maintaining the printing industry, especially with declining sales in the market. The results of the study also show that all media agencies are now actively transitioning from conventional to digital media to prepare journalists and enable the mainstream media to remain relevant in this industry. The findings also revealed that competition from social media platforms has seen media agencies exploiting the platform to compete accordingly in providing ethical news reports with regards to their 'house-style' as well as guided by authentic sources.

This article presents the results of a research-creation project undertaken in Brazil during a period of thirty months to assess how journalists of the so-called Generation Z handle emerging technologies and create specific narratives on converging media platforms. The study included 125 university students on a multi-platform journalistic creation project subject to the methods of Paulo Freire’s theory. The results show that Gen Zers establish writing parameters that avoid complex browsing and are based on a virtual newsroom and multitasking. New journalistic models to be led by the students who participated in the study will probably rely on an organizational setting characterized by horizontal decision-making processes and more flexible, democratic production. Immersed in the context of imminent democratic backsliding in Brazil, research participants defined their news agenda as a form of contesting hegemonic discourses.

Media organizations are immersed in a significant process of technological, professional and business restructuring driven by multimedia convergence and the impact of social media. Regardless of their size and scope, they are becoming increasingly aware of the need to enhance their multiplatform delivery strategies and respond more closely to their audiences’ needs and interests. Professionals working for these organizations therefore must cope with, and learn to thrive in, convergent media environments that call for a high level of cooperative effort and multitasking. These requirements seem to be even higher with regard to online journalism, a sector exposed to continual technological change and oriented towards the development of content in a variety of formats. In the light of this scenario and the recent debates regarding the best way to keep journalism training up to date, this article offers a subject-based case study to examine the challenges involved in incorporating convergence and social media into journalism university curricula. By means of a mix of data methods, the study focuses on the planning, practices and ramifications of a specific course on online journalism newswriting and reporting. The conclusions provide a critical discussion of the objectives and tools used by educators in the classroom and discuss the appropriateness of courses devoted to online journalism for preparing future journalists to cope with daily newsroom challenges resulting from media convergence and social media content production.

This Education & Resources web page lists major clinical studies on antioxidant-based modalities or related entities in disease intervention and health promotion, which were published in highly influential journals during 2020. It should be noted that this is not intended to be a complete list, but is rather to focus on rigorously designed and well conducted high-profile randomized controlled trials (RCTs) whose findings were reported in medical or bioscience journals of the highest impact. For more comprehensive information on antioxidant-based clinical trials, the reader may refer to the ClinicalTrials.gov (https://clinicaltrials.gov), the largest clinical trials database, run by the US National Library of Medicine, that holds registrations from over 368,000 trials from 219 countries. 2020 LIST IN REVERSE CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER Feofanova et al. A Genome-wide association study discovers 46 loci of the human metabolome in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos. Am J Hum Genet 2020 Nov 5; 107(5):849-863. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajhg.2020.09.003. Key finding: High levels of vitamin E metabolites were associated with lower odds of coronary heart disease. Note: Vitamin E and derivatives are antioxidants, but also possess other biological activities, such as inhibition of protein kinase C-mediated signaling. Horsfall et al. Genetically raised serum bilirubin levels and lung cancer: a cohort study and Mendelian randomisation using UK Biobank. Thorax 2020 Nov; 75(11):955-964. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1136/thoraxjnl-2020-214756. Key finding: High serum bilirubin was associated with decreased lung cancer incidence. Note: Bilirubin is a potent antioxidant. According to Dr Davey Smith, Mendelian randomization is a method of using measured variation in genes of known function to examine the causal effect of a modifiable exposure on disease in observational studies (from the US CDC website: https://cdc.gov). A positive finding in a Mendelian randomization study provides strong evidence for a causal relationship. Morris et al. Impact of arginine therapy on mitochondrial function in children with sickle cell disease during vaso-occlusive pain. Blood 2020 Sep 17;136(12):1402-1406. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.2019003672. Key finding: Arginine therapy increased mitochondrial activity and reduced oxidative stress in children with sickle cell disease with vaso-occlusive pain episodes. Note: Arginine is the substrate for nitric oxide synthetase and possesses antioxidative activities. Nitric oxide acts also as an antioxidant in biological systems. Yubero-Serrano et al. Mediterranean diet and endothelial function in patients with coronary heart disease: an analysis of the CORDIOPREV randomized controlled trial. PLoS Med 2020 Sep 9; 17(9):e1003282. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1003282. Key finding: Mediterranean diet intake led to improved endothelial function and lower ROS production. Note: Mediterranean diet is rich in antioxidants and anti-inflammatory compounds and possesses many health benefits, especially cardiovascular protection. However, the exact contribution of the antioxidant components to the health benefits of Mediterranean diet remains to be established. Cienfuegos et al. Effects of 4- and 6-h time-restricted feeding on weight and cardiometabolic health: a randomized controlled trial in adults with obesity. Cell Metab 2020 Sep 1; 32(3):366-378.e3. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2020.06.018. Key finding: Time-restricted feeding reduced body weight, insulin resistance, and oxidative stress. Nathan et al. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of pulsed, inhaled nitric oxide in subjects at risk of pulmonary hypertension associated with pulmonary fibrosis. Chest 2020 Aug; 158(2):637-645. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2020.02.016. Key finding: Inhaled nitric oxide led to clinical improvement in the patients with pulmonary fibrosis. Note: Nitric oxide at physiological levels acts an antioxidative and cytoprotective molecule. McEvoy et al. Vitamin C to pregnant smokers persistently improves infant airway function to 12 months of age: a randomised trial. Eur Respir J 2020 Jul 2; 1902208. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.02208-2019. Key finding: Vitamin C supplementation (0.5 g per day) to pregnant smokers improved infant airway function. Note: Vitamin C is a multitasking compound; it is an antioxidant, but also possesses many other biological functions. Chang et al. Combined treatment with hydrocortisone, vitamin c, and thiamine for sepsis and septic shock: a randomized controlled trial. Chest 2020 Jul; 158(1):174-182. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2020.02.065. Key finding: Null Note: Vitamin C is a multitasking compound; it is an antioxidant, but also possesses many other biological functions. Iglesias et al. Outcomes of metabolic resuscitation using ascorbic acid, thiamine, and glucocorticoids in the early treatment of sepsis: the ORANGES trial. Chest 2020 Jul; 158(1):164-173. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2020.02.049. Key finding: Combination of intravenous ascorbic acid, thiamine, and hydrocortisone significantly reduced the time to resolution of septic shock. Note: Vitamin C is a multitasking compound; it is an antioxidant, but also possesses many other biological functions. Streese et al. High-intensity interval training modulates retinal microvascular phenotype and DNA methylation of p66Shc gene: a randomized controlled trial (EXAMIN AGE). Eur Heart J 2020 Apr 14; 41(15):1514-1519. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehz196. Key finding: High-intensity interval training improved microvascular dysfunction in patients at risk, likely related to reduced p66Shc, a redox enzyme implicated in mitochondrial ROS production. Ambrosone et al. Dietary supplement use during chemotherapy and survival outcomes of patients with breast cancer enrolled in a cooperative group clinical trial (SWOG S0221). J Clin Oncol 2020 Mar 10; 38(8):804-814. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1200/JCO.19.01203. Key finding: Antioxidant supplement (vitamins A, C, and E; carotenoids; coenzyme Q10) both before and during breast cancer chemotherapy was associated with an adverse outcome. Note: Antioxidants have been shown to promote tumorigenesis and cancer metastasis in various experimental models in studies published in the most influential journals, including Nature and Cell. Vallerga et al. Analysis of DNA methylation associates the cystine-glutamate antiporter SLC7A11 with risk of Parkinson's disease. Nat Commun 2020 Mar 6;11(1):1238. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-15065-7. Key finding: Down-regulation of the SLC7A11 gene was associated with Parkinson’s disease. Note: SLC7A11 codes for a cysteine-glutamate antiporter that regulates regulating cellular levels of the reduced form of glutathione (GSH). Choi et al. Causal associations between serum bilirubin levels and decreased stroke risk: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020 Feb; 40(2):437-445. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1161/ATVBAHA.119.313055. Key finding: The study supported a causal relationship between high serum levels of bilirubin and decreased stroke risk in Korean population. Note: Bilirubin is a potent antioxidant. Mendelian randomization study provides evidence for a causal relationship.

Purpose: In these days, women are exhibiting their entrepreneurial spirit and competencies. They have come to the forefront of development process and have proved themselves successful in their multitasking roles at home and office. Entrepreneurship among women improves the wealth of their families and the nation as well. Some women have managed to break the proverbial glass ceiling against the odd and have established their businesses successfully in food processing sector. Women are more inclined for food processing enterprises since they spend most of their time in the kitchen normally. Many women have the expertise in preparing new cuisines, so they start small and grow further to become a much-acclaimed food processing entrepreneurs. The food processing industry in India has great potential and it brings about the synergy between the consumer, industry and agriculture. Therefore, there is a need to inspire, encourage, motivate and co-operate with women entrepreneurs for developing the spirit of enterprise among every segment of the society. The purpose of the paper is to highlight the success story of Mrs. Bector in the food processing sector and the challenges faced by her. This study proved that Mrs. Bectors Food Specialties Ltd. owned by Mrs. Bector, based at Punjab has enough growth opportunities but to sustain itself in the market, the company has to pursue more competitive strategies to widen the operations and customer base. Design: For the purpose of analysis, this study used secondary data sources - open access journals, Google, Google scholar and Mrs. Bectors Food Specialties Ltd. websites. Furthermore, the literature is used to analyze the position of this company within SWOC framework and Michael Porter’s Five Forces analysis. Findings: Based on the analysis, it is suggested that Mrs. Bectors Food Specialties Ltd. has to expand its business beyond northern India and initiate campaign for its brand awareness. The study concludes that Mrs. Bectors Food Specialties Ltd.’s competitive pricing strategy is clearly defined to capture the market, but more proper execution of strategies is required to thrive in a competitive climate. Value: This paper focuses on the growth of Mrs. Bector Food Specialties Ltd. in terms of its current status and future opportunities. Based on findings and their interpretation, new knowledge in the form of suggestions is presented. Paper Type: Case study-based Research Analysis

"You could think of our kind of scholarship," he said, "as something like 'slow food' in a fast-food culture."— Ivan Kreilkamp, co-editor of Victorian Studies(Chronicle of Higher Education, March 2009) John Hartley’s entertaining and polemical defense of a disappearing art form (the print copy journal designed to be ripped eagerly from its envelope and read from cover to cover like a good book) came my way via the usual slightly disconcerting M/C Journal overture: I believe that your research interests and background make you a potential expert reviewer of the manuscript, "LAMENT FOR A LOST RUNNING ORDER? OBSOLESCENCE AND ACADEMIC JOURNALS," which has been submitted to the '' [sic] issue of M/C Journal. The submission's extract is inserted below, and I hope that you will consider undertaking this important task for us. Automated e-mails like these keep strange company, with reminders about overdue library items and passwords about to expire. Inevitably their tone calls to mind the generic flattery of the internet scam that announces foreign business opportunities or an unexpectedly large windfall from a deceased relative. At face value, this e-mail confirms John Hartley’s suspicions about the personalised craft of journal curation. Journal editing, he implies, is going the way of drywalling and smithying—by the time we realise these ancient and time-intensive skills have been lost, it’ll be too late. The usual culprit is to the fore—the internet—and the risk presented by obsolescence is very significant. At stake is the whole rich and messy infrastructure of academic professional identity: scholarly communication, goodwill, rank, trust, service to peers, collegiality, and knowledge itself. As a time-poor reader of journals both online and in print I warmed to this argument, and enjoyed reading about the particularities of journal editing: the cultivation and refinement of a specialised academic skill set involving typefaces, cover photographs and running order. Journal editors are our creative directors. Authors think selfishly and not always consistently about content, position and opportunity, but it’s the longer term commitment of editors to taking care of their particular shingle in the colourful and crowded bazaar of scholarly publishing, that keeps the market functioning in a way that also works for inspectors and administrators. Thinking of all the print journals I’ve opened and shut and put on shelves (sometimes still in their wrappers) and got down again, and photocopied, and forgotten about, I realised that I do retain a dim sense of their look and shape, and that in practical ways this often helps me remember what was in them. Nevertheless, even having been through the process he describes, whereby “you have to log on to some website and follow prompts in order to contribute both papers and the assessment of papers; interactions with editors are minimal,” I came to the conclusion that he had underestimated the human in the practice of refereeing. I wasn’t sure made me an expert reviewer for this piece, except perhaps that in undertaking the review itself I was practising a kind of expertise that entitled me to reflect on what I was doing. So as a way of wrestling with the self-referentiality of the process of providing an anonymous report on an article whose criticism of blind refereeing I shared, I commented on the corporeality and collegiality of the practice: I knew who I was writing about (and to), and I was conscious of both disagreeing and wondering how to avoid giving offence. I was also cold in my office, and wondering about a coffee. “I suspect the cyborg reviewer is (like most cyborgs) a slightly romantic, or at least rhetorical, fantasy,” I added, a bit defensively. “Indeed, the author admits to practising editorship via a form of human intersubjectivity that involves email, so the mere fact that the communication in some cases is via a website doesn’t seem to render the human obsolete.” The cyborg reviewer wasn’t the only thing bothering me about the underlying assumptions concerning electronic scholarly publishing, however. The idea that the electronic disaggregation of content threatens the obsolescence of the print journal and its editor is a little disingenuous. Keyword searches do grab articles independently of issues, it’s true, but it’s a stretch to claim that this functionality is what’s turning diligent front-to-back readers and library flaneurs into the kinds of online mercenaries we mean when we say “users”. Quite the opposite: journal searches are highly seductive invitations to linger and explore. Setting out from the starting point of a single article, readers can now follow a citation trail, or chase up other articles by the same author or on similar topics, all the while keeping in plain sight the running order that was designed by the editors as an apt framework for the piece when it first appeared. Journal publishers have the keenest investment in nurturing the distinctive brand of each of their titles, and as a result the journal name is never far from view. Even the cover photo and layout is now likely to be there somewhere, and to crop up often as readers retrace their steps and set out again in another direction. So to propose that online access makes the syntactical form of a journal issue irrelevant to readers is to underestimate both the erotics of syntax, and the capacity of online readers to cope with a whole new libidinous economy of searching characterised by multiple syntactical options. And if readers are no longer sequestered within the pages of an individual hard copy journal—there really is a temptation to mention serial monogamy here—their freedom to operate more playfully only draws attention to the structural horizontalities of the academic public sphere, which is surely the basis of our most durable claims to profess expertise. Precisely because we are hyperlinked together across institutions and disciplines, we can justly argue that we are perpetually peer-reviewing each other, in a fairly disinterested fashion, and no longer exclusively in the kinds of locally parochial clusters that have defined (and isolated) the Australian academy. So although disaggregation irritates journal editors, a more credible risk to their craft comes from the disintermediation of scholarly communication that is one of the web’s key affordances. The shift towards user generated content, collaboratively generated, openly accessible and instantly shareable across many platforms, does make traditional scholarly publishing, with its laborious insistence on double blind refereeing, look a bit retro. How can this kind of thing not become obsolete given how long it takes for new ideas to make their way into print, what with all that courtly call and response between referees, editors and authors, and the time consumed in arranging layout and running order and cover photos? Now that the hegemons who propped up the gold standard journals are blogging and podcasting their ideas, sharing their bookmarks, and letting us know what they’re doing by the hour on Twitter, with presumably no loss of quality to their intellectual presence, what kind of premium or scarcity value can we place on the content they used to submit to print and online journals? So it seems to me that the blogging hegemon is at least as much of a problem for the traditional editor as the time challenged browser hoping for a quick hit in a keyword search. But there are much more complicated reasons why the journal format itself is not at risk, even from www.henryjenkins.org. Indeed, new “traditional” journals are being proposed and launched all the time. The mere award of an A* for the International Journal of Cultural Studies in the Australian journal rankings (Australian Research Council) confirms that journals are persistently evaluated in their own right, that the brand of the aggregating instrument still outranks the bits and pieces of disaggregated content, and that the relative standing of different journals depends precisely on the quantification of difficulty in meeting the standards (or matching the celebrity status) of their editors, editorial boards and peer reviewing panels. There’s very little indication in this process that either editors or reviewers are facing obsolescence; too many careers still depend on their continued willingness to stand in the way of the internet’s capacity to let anyone have a go at presenting ideas and research in the public domain. As the many inputs to the ERA exercise endlessly, and perhaps a bit tediously, confirmed, it’s the reputation of editors and their editorial practices that signals the exclusivity of scholarly publishing: in the era of wikis and blogs, an A* journal is one club that’s not open to all. Academia 1.0 is resilient for all these straightforward reasons. Not only in Australia, tenure and promotion depend on it. As a result, since the mid 1990s, editors, publishers, librarians and other stakeholders in scholarly communication have been keeping a wary eye on the pace and direction of change to either its routines or its standards. Their consistent attention has been on the proposition the risk comes from something loosely defined as “digital”. But as King, Tenopir and Clark point out in their study of journal readership in the sciences, the relevance of journal content itself has been extensively disputed and investigated across the disciplines since the 1960s. Despite the predictions of many authors in the 1990s that electronic publishing and pre-publishing would challenge the professional supremacy of the print journal, it seems just as likely that the simple convenience of filesharing has made more vetted academic material available, more easily, to more readers. As they note in a waspish foonote, even the author of one of the most frequently cited predictions that scholarly journals were on the way out had to modify his views, “perhaps due to the fact that his famous 1996 [sic] article "Tragic Loss or Good Riddance? The Impending Demise of Traditional Scholarly Journals" has had thousands of hits or downloads on his server alone.” (King et al,; see also Odlyzko, " Tragic Loss" and "Rapid Evolution"). In other words, all sides now seem to agree that “digital” has proved to be both opportunity and threat to scholarly publication. Odlyzko’s prediction of the disappearance of the print journal and its complex apparatus of self-perpetuation was certainly premature in 1996. So is John Hartley right that it’s time to ask the question again? Earlier this year, the Chronicle of Higher Education’s article “Humanities Journals Confront Identity Crisis”, which covered much of the same ground, generated brisk online discussion among journal editors in the humanities (Howard; see also the EDITOR-L listserv archive). The article summarised the views of a number of editors of “traditional” journals, and offset these with the views of a group representing the Council of Editors of Learned Journals, canvassing the possibility that scholarly publishing could catch up to the opportunities that we tend to shorthand as “web 2.0”. The short-lived CELJ blog discussion led by Jo Guldi in February 2009 proposed four principles we might expect to shape the future of scholarly publishing in the humanities: technical interoperability, which is pretty uncontroversial; the expansion of scholarly curation to a role in managing and making sense of “the noise of the web”; diversification of content types and platforms; and a more inclusive approach to the contribution of non-academic experts. (Guldi et al.) Far from ceding the inexorability of their own obsolescence, the four authors of this blog (each of them journal editors) have re-imagined the craft of editing, and have drafted an amibitious but also quite achievable manifesto for the renovation of scholarly communication. This is focused on developing a new and more confident role for the academy in the next phase of the development of the knowledge-building capacity of the web. Rather than confining themselves to being accessed only by their professional peers (and students) via university libraries in hardcopy or via institutional electronic subscription, scholars should be at the forefront of the way knowledge is managed and developed in the online public sphere. This would mean developing metrics that worked as well for delicious and diigo as they do for journal rankings; and it would mean a more upfront contribution to quality assurance and benchmarking of information available on the web, including information generated from outside the academy. This resonates with John Hartley’s endorsement of wiki-style open refereeing, which as an idea contains a substantial backwards nod to Ginsparg’s system of pre-publication of the early 1990s (see Ginsparg). It also suggests a more sophisticated understanding of scholarly collaboration than the current assumption that this consists exclusively of a shift to multiply-authored content, the benefit of which has tended to divide scholars in the humanities (Young). But it was not as a reviewer or an author that this article really engaged me in thinking about the question of human obsolescence. Recently I’ve been studying the fragmentation, outsourcing and automation of work processes in the fast food industry or, as it calls itself, the Quick Service Restaurant trade. I was drawn into this study by thinking about the complex reorganisation of time and communication brought about by the partial technologisation of the McDonalds drive-thru in Australia. Now that drive-thru orders are taken through a driveway speaker, the order window (and its operator) have been rendered obsolete, and this now permanently closed window is usually stacked high with cardboard boxes. Although the QSR industry in the US has experimented with outsourcing ordering to call centres at other locations (“May I take your order?”), in Australia the task itself has simply been added to the demands of customer engagement at the paying window, with the slightly odd result that the highest goal of customer service at this point is to be able to deal simultaneously with two customers at two different stages of the drive-thru process—the one who is ordering three Happy Meals and a coffee via your headset, and the one who is sitting in front of you holding out money—without offending or confusing either. This formal approval of a shift from undivided customer attention to the time-efficiency of multitasking is a small but important reorientation of everyday service culture, making one teenager redundant and doubling the demands placed on the other. The management of quick service restaurant workers and their productivity offers us a new perspective on the pressures we are experiencing in the academic labour market. Like many of my colleagues, I have been watching with a degree of ambivalence the way in which the national drive to quantify excellence in research in Australia has resulted in some shallow-end thinking about how to measure what it is that scholars do, and how to demonstrate that we are doing it competitively. Our productivity is shepherded by the constant recalibration of our workload, conceived as a bundle of discrete and measurable tasks, by anxious institutions trying to stay ahead in the national game of musical chairs, which only offers a limited number of seats at the research table—while still keeping half an eye on their enterprise bargaining obligations. Or, as the Quick Service Restaurant sector puts it: Operational margins are narrowing. While you need to increase the quality, speed and accuracy of service, the reality is that you also need to control labor costs. If you reduce unnecessary labor costs and improve workforce productivity, the likelihood of expanding your margins increases. Noncompliance can cost you. (Kronos) In their haste to increase quality, speed and accuracy of academic work, while lowering labor costs and fending off the economic risk of noncompliance, our institutions have systematically overlooked the need to develop meaningful ways to accommodate the significant scholarly work of reading, an activity that takes real time, and that in its nature is radically incompatible with the kinds of multitasking we are all increasingly using to manage the demands placed on us. Without a measure of reading, we fall back on the exceptionally inadequate proxy of citation. As King et al. point out, citation typically skews towards a small number of articles, and the effect of using this as a measure of reading is to suggest that the majority of articles are never read at all. Their long-term studies of what scientists read, and why, have been driven by the need to challenge this myth, and they have demonstrated that while journals might not be unwrapped and read with quite the Christmas-morning eagerness that John Hartley describes, their content is eventually read more than once, and often more than once by the same person. Both electronic scholarly publishing, and digital redistribution of material original published in print, have greatly assisted traditional journals in acquiring something like the pass-on value of popular magazines in dentists’ waiting rooms. But for all this to work, academics have to be given time to sit and read, and as it would be absurd to try to itemise and remunerate this labour specifically, then this time needs to be built into the normative workload for anyone who is expected to engage in any of the complex tasks involved in the collaborative production of knowledge. With that in mind, I concluded my review on what I hoped was a constructive note of solidarity. “What’s really under pressure here—forms of collegiality, altruism and imaginative contributions to a more outward-facing type of scholarship—is not at risk from search engines, it seems to me. What is being pressured into obsolescence, risking subscriptions to journals as much as purchases of books, is the craft and professional value placed on reading. This pressure is not coming from the internet, but from all the other bureaucratic rationalities described in this paper, that for the time being do still value journals selectively above other kinds of public contribution, but fail to appreciate the labour required to make them appear in any form, and completely overlook the labour required to absorb their contents and respond.” For obvious reasons, my warm thanks are due to John Hartley and to the two editors of this M/C Journal issue for their very unexpected invitation to expand on my original referee’s report.References Australian Research Council. “The Excellence in Research for Australia (ERA) Initiative: Journal Lists.” 2009. 3 July 2009 ‹http://www.arc.gov.au/era/era_journal_list.htm›. Ginsparg, Paul. “Can Peer Review be Better Focused?” 2003. 1 July 2009 ‹http://people.ccmr.cornell.edu/~ginsparg/blurb/pg02pr.html›. Guldi, Jo, Michael Widner, Bonnie Wheeler, and Jana Argersinger. The Council of Editors of Learned Journals Blog. 2009. 1 July 2009 ‹http://thecelj.blogspot.com›. Howard, Jennifer. “Humanities Journals Confront Identity Crisis.” The Chronicle of Higher Education 27 Mar. 2009. 1 July 2009 ‹http://chronicle.com/free/v55/i29/29a00102.htm›. King, Donald, Carol Tenopir, and Michael Clarke. "Measuring Total Reading of Journal Articles." D-Lib Magazine 12.10 (2006). 1 July 2009 ‹http://www.dlib.org/dlib/october06/king/10king.html›. Kronos Incorporated. “How Can You Reduce Your Labor Costs without Sacrificing Speed of Service?” (2009). 1 July 2009 ‹http://www.qsrweb.com/white_paper.php?id=1738&download=1›.“May I Take Your Order? Local McDonald's Outsources to a Call Center.” Billings Gazette, Montana, 5 July 2006. SharedXpertise Forum. 1 July 2009 ‹http://www.sharedxpertise.org/file/3433/mcdonalds-outsourcing-to-call-center.html›.Odlyzko, Andrew. “The Rapid Evolution of Scholarly Publishing.” Learned Publishing 15.1 (2002): 7-19. ———. “Tragic Loss or Good Riddance? The Impending Demise of Traditional Scholarly Journals.” International Journal of Human-Computer Studies 42 (1995): 71-122. Young, Jeffrey. “Digital Humanities Scholars Collaborate More on Journal Articles than 'Traditional' Researchers.” The Chronicle of Higher Education 27 April 2009. 1 July 2009 ‹http://chronicle.com/wiredcampus/article/3736/digital-humanities-scholars-collaborate-more-on-journal-articles-than-on-traditional-researchers›.

O jornalismo regional vive dias conturbados na luta pela emancipação dos seus órgãos de comunicação, perante um conjunto de condicionalismos que colocam em causa o exercício pleno da profissão. Como tal, têm sido detetados novos modelos de produção e novas rotinas profissionais, que muitos têm associado ao aparecimento das novas tecnologias, mais precisamente os chamados novos media. Porém, estas novas ferramentas podem não trazer solução para os problemas dos meios regionais, afinal, com a quantidade de constrangimentos apontados, como é possível que o jornalismo local/regional se afirme nesta nova era? É neste sentido que se pretende trazer à discussão as novas práticas e os novos conceitos que têm feito do jornalista um profissional multifacetado, que convive no seio de uma redação multiplataforma com diversas ferramentas colocadas ao seu dispor, mas que parece ainda não conseguir gerir. No entanto, os hábitos de consumo de informação estão a mudar, sendo urgente essa adaptação para garantir a qualidade da informação local/regional.<br>Regional journalism is experiencing troubled days in the struggle for the emancipation of its media, faced with a set of constraints that call into question the full exercise of the profession. As such, new production models and new professional routines have been detected, which many have associated with the emergence of new technologies, more precisely the so-called new media. However, these new tools may not provide a solution to the problems of the regional media, after all, with the amount of constraints pointed out, how can local / regional journalism affirm itself in this new era? It is in this sense that the aim is to bring to the discussion the new practices and new concepts that have made the journalist a multifaceted professional, who lives in a multiplatform newsroom with several tools, placed at his disposal, but still seems to be unable to manage. However, information consumption habits are changing, and this adaptation is urgently needed to ensure the quality of local / regional information.

Relatório de estágio de mestrado em Ciências da Comunicação (área de especialização em Informação e Jornalismo)<br>Cada vez mais os estudantes de Ciências da Comunicação saem das universidades preparados para saber fazer de tudo um pouco. Quando anteriormente se privilegiava a especialização, agora torna-se necessário dominar praticamente todas as linguagens e suportes do jornalismo, incluindo o vídeo e a fotografia. A verdade é que existe cada vez mais uma forte aposta no jornalismo multimédia, devido à presença das tecnologias de informação e comunicação, que vieram pôr em questão a forma como se fazia jornalismo. Como consequência, há novos profissionais que acabam o seu percurso académico capacitados para produzir peças escritas, fotográficas ou em vídeo, quer seja pela formação que receberam nas instituições de Ensino Superior ou por instrução que procuraram autonomamente. No entanto, constata-se que essa mudança de paradigma ainda não se transpôs para todos os meios de comunicação empregadores. Nesse sentido, e a partir da experiência de estágio, o presente Relatório procura compreender porque é que existe uma barreira entre fotojornalistas e jornalistas e porque é que muitos meios de comunicação não aceitam que os seus profissionais façam ambas as coisas, se forem capacitados para tal. Para isso, são apresentadas características do jornalismo multimédia, utilizando como pontos de ligação algumas características do fotojornalismo e do jornalismo impresso, bem como uma investigação sobre as razões que levam os jornais a aceitar ou não profissionais que produzam simultaneamente fotografia e texto. Essa investigação consiste em entrevistas feitas a jornalistas, a fotojornalistas, a profissionais que façam as duas coisas, a editores de fotografia e a diretores das seguintes publicações: Público, Revista Rua e Jornal de Barcelos.<br>Nowadays, more and more students of Communication Sciences leave the universities prepared to know how to do everything a little. When previously the specialization was privileged, it now becomes necessary to dominate practically all the languages and products of journalism, including video and photography. The truth is that there is a strong bet in Multimedia Journalism, due to the presence of information and communcation technologies, which put into question the way in which journalism has been done. As a consequence, there are new professionals who finish their academic degree able to produce written, photographic or video pieces, either by the training they received in higher education institutions or by instructions that they seek autonamously. However, it is noted that this paradigm shift has not yet transpired for all media employers. In this sense, and reflecting from the internship experience, this report seeks to understand why there is a barrier between photojournalists and journalists and why many media do not accept that their professionals do both jobs, if they are trained to do so. For this, characteristics of multimedia journalism are presented, using as points of attachment some characteristics of photojournalism and printed journalism, as well as an investigation into the reasons why media companies accept or not professionals who simultaneously produce photography and text. This research consists of interviews with journalists, photojournalists, professionals who do both things, photo editors and publishing editors from Público, Revista Rua e Jornal de Barcelos.

Relatório de estágio de mestrado em Ciências da Comunicação (área de especialização em Informação e Jornalismo)<br>O ciberjornalismo revolucionou as rotinas e a forma de contar estórias às quais o jornalista tradicional estava habituado. Com o registo dos domínios online e com as versões cibernéticas permanentemente atualizadas, surgiu a necessidade de ter nas redações profissionais multitasking, capazes de contar um assunto ou tema nos mais variados formatos. Contudo, para Kawamoto (2003) haverá sempre lugar para o especialista que se destaca particularmente numa tarefa ou linguagem. Mais de duas décadas depois da entrada de Portugal para a história do ciberjornalismo, será que o jornalista multitasking e as reportagens multimédia detêm um lugar relevante nos media generalistas em Portugal? Neste relatório, após uma intensa reflexão sobre a experiência de estágio de três meses na Rádio de Renascença, nas secções de online e de multimédia, procuramos responder a esta questão. Para tal, é utilizada a Rádio Renascença como caso de estudo e são analisadas 75 reportagens multimédia feitas durante o ano de 2016. Depois de uma análise de conteúdo quantitativa aos trabalhos recolhidos, foram realizadas e analisadas cinco entrevistas semi-diretivas a profissionais do órgão de comunicação em estudo. As conclusões da presente investigação mostram que a presença do jornalismo multitasking é indispensável para a Rádio Renascença e que a ideia de multitasking está muito ligada, neste meio, à secção de multimédia. Para além do exposto, as reportagens multimédia analisadas fazem notar uma falta de aposta, por parte da RR, nos novos formatos informativos, como a infografia e a ilustração.<br>Cyber journalism has revolutionized the routines and the way of telling stories to which the traditional journalist was adapted. With the registration of the online websites and the cybernetic versions permanently updated, the need for multitasking journalists working in the newsrooms or outside them, professionally able to tell a story using the most varied formats, is undeniable. However, for Kawamoto (2003), there will always be room for the specialists who stand out particularly in one task or one language. More than two decades after Portugal's entry into the history of cyber journalism, do the multimedia stories and the multitasking journalists hold a relevant place in the generalist media? In this report, after a detailed reflection on my experience of a three-month curricular internship in Rádio Renascença (RR), working with the online and the multimedia sections, we try to answer this question. To do so, we will use Radio Renascença as our case study. 75 multimedia stories, made during the year of 2016, are analyzed. After a quantitative content analysis of the collected sample, five semi-directive interviews to professional of this media were made and, then, analyzed. The conclusions of this investigation show that the multitasking journalist is an indispensable professional at Rádio Renascença and the idea of multitasking is very connected with the multimedia section of this medium. The multimedia stories analyzed show that RR has not yet bet a lot on the new formats, as infographics and illustration.