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1
Shameer, K. Muhammed, and S. Raja Sethu Durai. "The Political Budget Cycle: Evidence from Indian Municipal Corporation Elections." Review of Development and Change 29, no. 1 (June 2024): 86–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09722661241256713.
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The political budget cycle (PBC) theory deals with increased spending or decreased revenue collection, or a combination of both, on the verge of an election by the incumbent government to retain office. Empirical verification of the PBC theory at the subnational local government level is scarce in the literature. Subnational local governments are more prominent in population and budget for a country like India. This study takes into account 34 municipal corporations in India to examine the PBC theory and find strong evidence of politically motivated cycles on the budget expenditure and revenue front. Notably, the more visible expenditure on welfare schemes shows increased spending during an election period. On the revenue side, this study also finds evidence in support of the PBC theory. Indian municipal corporations are creating ‘welfare’ and ‘infrastructure’ cycles during the election period to gain political profit and are validating the ‘visibility’ and ‘targetability’ hypotheses described in the literature. This study is the first attempt to trace the presence of the PBC at the subnational local government level in India.
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Dave, Forum. "Municipal finance analysis: The case study of Gujarat (India)." Public and Municipal Finance 9, no. 1 (January 4, 2021): 70–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/pmf.09(1).2020.07.
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This paper theoretically underpins the idea of greater involvement of local governments in the overall development of India explained through the theory of Fiscal Federalism. The theory outlines the dynamics of decentralization of power and functions through a multi-layered governance system leading to a new structure and added functions, finance, and accountability to local government. The paper also provides an overview of the increasing role of urban local governments in India and investigates whether the Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) of Gujarat – a state in India, are efficient to perform the functions and responsibilities assigned to them by the 74th Constitutional Amendment Act (CAA). It scrutinizes the financial health of local governments in the urban regions of India. The results based on the application of MANOVA indicate that the 74th CAA empowered ULBs with a strong economic base that these ULBs are capable of mobilizing their own resources. This means that smaller municipalities must develop and convergence must be supported by a proportionate level of grants. This will ensure that with the development of social infrastructure, economic activities will increase, and, as a result, the conversion will occur.
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Subramanian, Vidya K. "From Government to Governance." Contemporary Education Dialogue 15, no. 1 (December 18, 2017): 21–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0973184917742247.
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The Teach for India (TFI) programme, an important offshoot of the Teach for All/Teach for America global education network, began as a public–private partnership in 2009 in poorly functioning municipal schools in Pune and Mumbai. Like its American counterpart, the programme in India has similar ideas of reform and recruits college graduates and young professionals to serve as teachers in under-resourced government schools and low-cost private schools as part of a two-year fellowship. Over the past 7 years, the organisation has expanded its reach to five other cities in the country—Delhi, Bangalore, Hyderabad, Chennai and Ahmedabad—and is emerging as a focal point in a growing network of urban not-for-profit organisations seeking to infuse new logics of reform in municipal school administrative bodies. This article situates the emergence of the TFI programme in the Indian context and maps its links to local, national and global actors and organisations using Social Network Analysis (SNA). Through the use of SNA, the article highlights the growing network of non-state institutions in metro cities, most notably Mumbai and Delhi, which are playing a key role in school reform focusing on school management, school leadership, advocacy and teacher training.
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Doctor, Gayatri, Mercy Samuel, Perez Christian, and Manvita Baradi. "Usability of Urban Local Body Websites and Service Quality of E-services." Indian Journal of Public Administration 66, no. 4 (December 2020): 513–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0019556120980874.
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Developments in the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) field have brought a significant change in the way citizens can interact with their governments. Traditional governance has been digitalised to what we now know as ‘e-governance’. E-government investments in India had seen a ‘ten-fold increase’ in 2015 with the launch of the Digital India Mission as compared to previous years. Despite this, in 2018, an e-government survey by the United Nations, India’s E-government Development Index (EGDI) was 0.5669, just above the world average of 0.55. As digital literacy is becoming increasingly common in India, along with falling data prices, increasing smartphone and mobile usage, the spotlight of e-government should focus on the usability and quality of its services and platforms. This article measures the usability of the Municipal or Urban Local Body (ULB) websites and the service quality of its e-services. Separate evaluation frameworks are used to measure the usability of the municipal e-government websites of four Indian cities as well as the service quality of the four most commonly used citizen services, viz. complaint registration, payment of property tax, payment of professional taxes and birth/death registration. For this, a thorough study of existent literature on the subject, comprehensive study of the selected websites and discussions with domain experts have been conducted by the authors. The article also discusses some qualitative issues on the usability of these websites and services that were observed during the evaluation process.
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Agarwal, Jaya, and Girijesh Kumar Singh. "Municipal Solid Waste Management in Dehradun and Indore: A Comparative Analysis with Legal Aspects." Ecology, Environment and Conservation 29 (2023): 373–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.53550/eec.2023.v29i03s.066.
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A rise in urban populations has necessitated the need for municipal solid waste management (MSWM). Municipal corporations and urban local authorities are legally obligated to reduce and effectively handle solid waste. The local municipality of Dehradun is experiencing numerous issues due to increased MSW output and difficulty in appropriately handling it. The paper covers several government initiatives implemented in Indore city to manage its waste better. This research will also provide a thorough understanding of legal aspects in Indore city to be enlisted in clean cities of India. Dehradun has much flexibility to enhance its position and make it the cleanest city in India. Dehradun and Indore, two tier-II Indian towns, will be the focus of this article, for comparison of waste management practices.
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Anudeep Rawal. "Adoption of Cloud Computing in India." Journal of Technology Management for Growing Economies 2, no. 2 (October 25, 2011): 65–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.15415/jtmge.2011.22010.
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The researcher looks at adoption and applicability of cloud computing to e-governance in India. Data has been gathered via structured questionnaire from stakeholders of various businesses - public & private sector of India, including Indian IT companies that offer cloud computing solutions to clients. The study takes a balanced and unbiased view of cloud computing with focus on India, to figure out the key factors that lead to its adoption using factor analysis and whether these factors could be the drivers for its adoption in e-governance. Cloud computing has picked up in developed markets and is starting to pick up in India. For enterprises, SMB, Government, NGO & individuals - it reduces initial investments, results in cost savings, gives flexibility, scalability, service on demand, device independency and anytime accessibility and reduces key data loss in the event of hardware crash, loss or theft. However, it has issues like confidentiality, information security, legal & regulatory challenges and malicious attacks as data gets stored in a distributive internet cloud, generally beyond any nation\\\'s geography. The intended target audience for this research are Union & State Governments, Large Municipal Corporations, National Federation of Urban cooperative and credit bank societies Ltd.
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Barresi, Paul A. "The Polluter Pays Principle as an Instrument of Municipal and Global Environmental Governance in Climate Change Mitigation Law: Lessons from China, India, and the United States." Climate Law 10, no. 1 (March 19, 2020): 50–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18786561-01001003.
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The disparate fates of the polluter pays principle (ppp) as an instrument of municipal environmental governance in the environmental law of China, India, and the United States illustrate how institutions and culture can shape its use. In China, essential elements of the Chinese legal tradition and an institutionalized devolution of power from the central government to local governments essentially neutralized the Chinese variant of the ppp in one important context by mobilizing certain culturally defined behavioural norms at the local level. In India, the Supreme Court has behaved in accordance with the socially revolutionary role intended for it by the framers of India’s Constitution by recognizing a maximalist conception of the ppp as part of Indian law, although other features of India’s unique legal culture and institutions have reduced the impact of this development. In the United States, the institutionalized fragmentation of the law-making process within the Federal Government has undermined even the implicit implementation of the ppp, to which US environmental statutes do not refer. The implications of these developments for the ppp as an instrument of municipal but also global environmental governance in climate change mitigation law flow less from the nominal status of the ppp in the laws of China, India, and the United States than from the unique institutional and cultural conditions that prevail there. The result is a case study in how institutions and culture can transform the implementation of a principle of environmental governance that at first glance might seem to be a simple exercise in economic rationality into a different exercise that is not simple at all.
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Mahapatra, Gaurab Das, Suguru Mori, and Rie Nomura. "Universal Mobility in Old Core Cities of India: People’s Perception." Sustainability 13, no. 8 (April 15, 2021): 4391. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13084391.
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In this research, users’ perception towards Universal Mobility in old core cities of India has been critically analyzed. Despite Universal Design guidelines from the United Nations and Union Government of India, old cities in India seldom have Universal Mobility, in effect endangering the lifestyle of senior citizens and differently-abled people. The core of Kolkata Municipal Corporation in Kolkata, India, has been considered a case example for this research. This research has considered three types of datasets for analysis. First, the authors interviewed 310 respondents from the Indian design fraternity, with the objective of understanding their opinions on the concept of Universal Design. In the next investigative study of 125 respondents from different wards of Kolkata Municipal Corporation, the purpose was to comprehend people’s perception regarding walkability and mobility in an old Indian city. In the last visual survey of a stretch in Central Kolkata, the focus was on identifying hindrances in Universal Mobility in an old city core of Indian origin. Significant dissatisfaction was found regarding walkability amongst all user groups, which is linked to poor infrastructural conditions. Furthermore, accessing public transportation is difficult due to improper waiting facilities. However, the design fraternity in India suggests the need of separate accessibility guidelines for old and new cities in India. The design fraternity also recommends a customized rating system for accessing Universal Design. The result of this study indicates a need of recognizing the difficulty in imparting Universal Mobility in old core cities in India. This information can be used for preparing an access audit checklist through Architectural Planning, which is the first step in proposing a framework for Universal Mobility in old core cities in India.
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Nath, Ar Shree. "Revitalization of Work Spaces and Building Façade of Government Office Building." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 6 (June 30, 2023): 4236–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.54428.
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Abstract: Probably the most important building in the city is the Municipal Corporation Administration Headquarter. The Municipal Corporation offers all the infrastructure and services required, such water and drainage, public parks, and other amenities that make a city more livable. Therefore, in order for a city to develop, the administrative structure must be planned with consideration for the Municipal Corporation's operations, the type of the job being done there, the comfort of the workers and visitors, as well as the facility's security. In the context of India, the municipal corporation's administration building lacks the fundamental interconnectedness of various places and functions. Particularly, there is no link between the city's biggest organize. During the last ninety years of its existence, this Civic Body has grown into an organization with the responsibility of beautifying the city and providing civic services. This civic body has always laid stress on quality of service. During this period the Municipality provided an building norms, façade, building shape and building envelop, in the area. Open land were covered and reclaimed land has been utilized for construction of public utility services as well as greenery.
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Toskovic, Dobrivoje. "A review on salt lake city, Kolkata, India: Master planning and realization." Spatium, no. 17-18 (2008): 98–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/spat0818098t.
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Motivation for construction of Salt Lake City comes from the circumstances characterizing life in Calcutta known by its social, political and cultural activities. Among many problems, the City was faced with poverty and overcrowding. West Bengal Government realized that serious steps have to be taken to resolve the situation. One of the biggest actions of the Government was creation of so called 'NEDECO' Plan for reclamation certain area of the Salted Lakes, followed by the tender for urban planning. The enterprise for water ways Ivan Milutinovic was considered the most convenient for both: reclamation and planning. The Conceptualization covers the Main Aims and interests forming plan basis where three factors were selected: urban character, new vs old town, inhabitants and town growth. Follows Existing Land Use Pattern of the Municipal Area. The realization of the Salt Lake Master Plan, as a part of the Municipal Area, is shown through an Overview of Achieved Infrastructure covering Roads, Water Supply, Sewerage, Area Level Storm Water Drainage, Solid Waste Management and, finally, through the Other Municipal Services, such as: Administrative Infrastructure, Health Infrastructure, Greeneries, Water bodies, Socio-Cultural Infrastructure. .
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Dhaigude, Anita Kumar. "CRITICAL STUDY OF WORK OF ASHA WORKERS." SCHOLARLY RESEARCH JOURNAL FOR INTERDISCIPLINARY STUDIES 9, no. 66 (September 1, 2021): 15272–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.21922/srjis.v9i66.6820.
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Better Health Of every citizen is responsibility of that government. For the betterment of people governments always do needful majors. There are many government schemes which help people to get advantage of it. Central government introduces health policies, which are implemented by state government with the help of Local authorities. In rural areas Local authority is Jeela parishad and panchayat Sammitee, For Cities it is Municipal Council which take care of it. India has very low expenditure on public health- 1.29 %of the GDP in 2019-20. This is very lower than other countries. The constitution of India does not expressly guarantee a fundamental right to health, but there are multiple references about public health and state governments’ role about provision of healthcare of citizens. India’s National Rural Health Mission was launched in 2005 ,aiming is to provide every village in the country with trained female community activist Accredited Social Health Activist[ASHA].This mission begins in 2005 full implementation was targeted for 2012. In July 2013 there were 870,089 ASHA workers in India. Goal of this mission was to connect marginalized communities to the health care system. But we assessed this program on the utilization of maternity services. But from 2020 lockdown the role of ASHA workers changed. ASHA workers play vital role in this pandemic situation. ASHA workers assisted state government in contact tracing and community surveillance. Research wants to know the problem faced by ASHA workers in this crucial period.
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Kumar1, Jitendra. "MUNICIPAL WASTE MANAGEMENT IN TIER-2 CITIES IN NORTHERN INDIA." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 08, no. 06 (June 14, 2024): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem35863.
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Public health and environmental concerns, along with the sheer amount of waste being generated, have made managing municipal solid waste (MSWM) a significant task today. Due to institutional and financial constraints, research shows that many urban local bodies (ULBs) in India find it difficult to handle the country's high solid waste loads. ULBs frequently lack the infrastructure, finances, resources, and efficient plans required for improved solid waste management. India faces a number of difficulties in managing its municipal solid waste, including issues with garbage segregation, door-to-door collection, waste treatment technology, land resources, and appropriate disposal techniques. The Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change and the Ministry of Urban Development (MoUD) have put in place a number of policies and initiatives to address these issues and enhance the nation's municipal solid waste management (MSWM) system as it is now. The Municipal Solid Waste Management Rules were first released by the Environment Ministry in 2000. They have since been updated and are now known as the Solid Waste Management Rules 2015. To help cities and towns plan and execute efficient MSWM systems in compliance with the 2015 SWM Rules amendment, the MoUD has also created a draft MSWM manual. Due to insufficient enforcement by regulators and a lack of awareness among stakeholders, many policies and programmes frequently fall short of their objectives. This essay provides a comprehensive review of solid waste management and highlights important facets of the policies and initiatives the Indian government has put in place to address the issues in this field.
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Mukherjee, Falguni, and Rina Ghose. "GIS for E-Planning in India." International Journal of E-Planning Research 2, no. 2 (April 2013): 24–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijepr.2013040102.
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With increasing globalization and the integration of various economies, public finance and fiscal policy have acquired a new dimension in countries around the world, including India. This new era has witnessed a massive proliferation of various information and communication technologies (ICTs) the world over opening novel prospects for information storage, retrieval and analysis. Such novel prospects are not only being used for decision making by private sector industries but also more interest has been demonstrated in investing in technologies for public administration purposes. In the Indian context, the driving force behind an increasing use of ICTs for public administration include such objectives as improving and simplifying governance, instilling transparency and eliminating corruption and bureaucracy. The massive proliferation of ICTs in India has led to a transformation from traditional governance to e-governance. Several planning projects have been launched under the rubric of e-governance and have witnessed novel use of various information technologies, GIS being one of them. This study focuses on the Nirmala Nagara project (NNP), a programme launched by the Government of Karnataka to address issues of urban development using GIS with municipal e-governance being one of its key agendas. This is one of the most ambitious Municipal e-Governance projects in the country encompassing 213 urban local bodies. This article is an initial effort towards a larger project that will focus on the process of GIS spatial knowledge production situated in contemporary India.
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Idiculla, Mathew. "Unpacking Local Self-Government: The Uncertain Power of Cities in the Indian Constitution." Verfassung in Recht und Übersee 53, no. 1 (2020): 30–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0506-7286-2020-1-30.
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While cities are increasingly becoming powerful economic and political units, legal scholars have paid inadequate attention to the role of local governments in the constitutional division of powers. This paper examines the legal authority of city governments in India’s constitutional architecture and analyses the nature and extent of powers exercised by them. While globally city governments seldom derive their powers directly from the Constitution, in India the passage of the 74th Amendment has ensured that they have a definite space in its Constitution. Despite constitutional entrenchment, urban local governments in India find themselves powerless to administer some of the core municipal functions including urban planning. This paper seeks to analyse the reasons behind this contradiction. It argues that city governments continue to be weak because of the inherent limitations of the scope of the 74th Amendment as well as the way in which it is translated and implemented by the states. It examines the constitutional authority of urban local governments by analysing the key provisions of the 74th Amendment and its judicial interpretations. To understand how the constitutional reform has translated on the ground, this paper closely examines the role and functioning of the city government of Bangalore.
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Narayanan, N. C., Isha Ray, Govind Gopakumar, and Poonam Argade. "Towards sustainable urban sanitation: a capacity-building approach to wastewater mapping for small towns in India." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 8, no. 2 (December 8, 2017): 227–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2017.071.
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AbstractDecentralized technologies and city-based governance are being actively promoted for urban sanitation in low-income countries. At the same time, municipal agencies in developing countries have little technical or financial capacity for sanitation planning. This paper develops an approach to sanitation planning that leverages citizen engagement and fosters local capacities. It presents an empirical study from two small towns in India, where collaborations among the research team, local academics and students, and the municipal government, produced planning-oriented sanitary maps of each town. The maps were built upon a social and spatial understanding of the diverse sanitation practices that already exist, coupled with Google Earth and free GIS software. The ‘waste watersheds’ and ‘sanitation zones’ identified through the mapping process provide a basis on which sanitation interventions can be assessed and weighed, so that sustainable solutions can be prioritized. The paper identifies three features for system interventions: first, making local municipal government the locus of sanitation interventions; second, engaging community-based organizations and academic institutions to develop local capacity; and finally, recognizing the fragmented nature of cities by developing a socio-spatial approach to sanitation zoning.
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Dolla, Tharun, and Boeing Singh Laishram. "Procurement of low carbon municipal solid waste infrastructure in India through public-private partnerships." Built Environment Project and Asset Management 8, no. 5 (November 12, 2018): 449–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bepam-10-2017-0087.
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Purpose The Low carbon (LC) agenda has captured interest across governments and research communities. But such focus is not addressed so far in the operation of municipal solid waste (MSW) infrastructure in India. The purpose of this paper is to draw focus on the promotion of low carbon infrastructure by improving the procurement process of the public–private partnership (PPP) approach. Design/methodology/approach The current study employed a case study methodology. This paper develops and validates a “five-fold framework,” comprising of selection, financial, operational, standards and targets measures, for integrating LC principles in the procurement of infrastructure projects. Findings The public sector fails to understand the importance of the need to incorporate climate change mitigation strategies due to poor procurement competencies. With respect to the operationalization of the framework, funding of viability gap in operations instead of construction, allowing renegotiation clauses to cater possible future LC technological improvements and incorporating emission reduction targets at the local and national levels were highlighted. Research limitations/implications LC principles presented in this paper are not exhaustive and are verified using a single Indian PPP case. Future research endeavor can focus on the relevancy and operationalization of these principles using a more elaborate set of indicators and extend the study to other sectors and countries. Originality/value This paper seeks to act as guidelines for governments on how to create and improve LC MSW PPP infrastructure projects to facilitate simultaneous achievement of both climate change mitigation and infrastructure delivery goals. The current study could add value to the current emphasis on LC transitions by policymakers, government agencies and regulators.
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Nomani, M. Z. M., Md Mostak Alfarhad, Faizan Mustafa, and Merwais Niazy. "Extended Producer Responsibility and Enforcement of Single-Use Plastic Ban in Pune City of India." Nature Environment and Pollution Technology 22, no. 3 (September 1, 2023): 1519–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.46488/nept.2023.v22i03.037.
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India has experienced tremendous production, use, and discarding of plastic waste. The municipal and solid wastes proliferation of municipal waste, especially plastic waste, paved the way for the regulatory framework to implement the plastic ban in 18 states and Union Territories of India. In contrast, they have implemented a partial ban on plastic bags respectively. It addressed the phasing out of multi-layered plastics (MLP) and incorporated Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) within the circular economy of plastic waste generation and recycling. It is generally believed that the plastic ban in India has feeble administrative support and effective implementation. Therefore, the government has passed the Draft Plastic Rules, 2009; Plastic Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 2011; Plastic Waste Management Rules, 2016 and Draft Plastic Waste Management Rules, 2021. It made vital changes in recycled plastic manufacture and usage at national and state levels. Since the net outcome of the failure is environmental degradation beyond reparable limits, the most vociferous articulation of the banning of the single-use came through the Notification on Plastic and Thermocol Products, 2018, by the Government of Maharashtra. Although the new legal framework carried high deterrent value, the implementation has been heavily flawed. The paper deals with the plastic laws and performance in the context of EPR in Pune city of India. It suggests viable recommendations and strategies from a multi-stakeholder perspective.
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Drohobetskyі, Ivan. "Management of municipal property in Ukraine and some countries: the essence, tools." Herald of Economics, no. 1 (June 1, 2022): 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/visnyk2022.01.203.
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Introduction. Unfortunately, municipal property, like private property in Ukraine, is not a reliable source of stable local budget revenues because, mainly, the form of ownership is not the leading factor in the high efficiency of the economic system, and the conditions in which it can be created to any of the forms of ownership, including municipal, could reveal its own potential, which will increase the economic efficiency of business entities and improve the living standards of community members.The aim of the article is to clarify the essence of municipal property and to establish tools for municipal property management in Ukraine and some countries around the world for comparison and improvement.Research methods. In the process of research to achieve the goal of the article used a number of methods of scientific knowledge (analysis, induction, deduction, synthesis, generalization, comparison of systems and tools of municipal property management in Ukraine and some countries).Results. In the scientific literature, there is mainly a classification of world-famous models of municipal government organization, which provide for the formation of relations between local governments and relevant authorities in the center. According to this approach, it is expedient to distinguish three such fundamental models of local self-government, as: Anglo-Saxon (classical), continental and mixed. The Anglo-Saxon (classical) model is common, mainly in the United States, Britain, Canada, Australia, India and others, where the eponymous legal system. The continental (or French) model of local government organization is quite different, common not only in European countries, including France, Spain, Italy, Belgium, but also in many Latin American countries, the Middle East, and France. It is clear that the analysis of the current state of affairs abroad can play a leading role in solving the problems of improving the management of Ukrainian municipal property. Generalization and popularization of the positive practice of individual countries with developed democracies in the subject area studied by us is expedient for the improvement of the Ukrainian legislation of Ukraine. For example, in order to form several sources of financial resources that are objects of the current municipal property of any country.Discussion. The analysis of the positive practice of local self-government in Ukraine and some countries of the world allows to draw a number of conclusions: granting local governments some state powers increases the authority of these bodies, promotes their “merging” and mutual enrichment; There is a need to develop the necessary future steps to develop the system and tools of local self-government of Ukraine and consolidate them at the regulatory level, taking into account the different types and forms of business entities, and subject to new laws continue to work in, lack of sufficient necessary financial and economic base, incomplete economic and legal regulation. We should not expect a one-time creation of the basis of local self-government throughout Ukraine, but move in this direction step by step and so on.Perspectives. In the future, more attention should be paid to the study of the principles and methods of collecting and disseminating positive experience in municipal property management both in Ukraine and in some countries around the world, which were discussed in this publication. It would also be worthwhile to deepen research on areas for improving the efficiency of operational management of municipal property and indicators of its evaluation.
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Jalalipour, Haniyeh, Satyanarayana Narra, Vicky Shettigondahalli Ekanthalu, Edward Antwi, Alok Ranjan, Supreet Kaur, Bharat Bhushan Nagar, et al. "Review of Municipal Organic Waste Management in Uttar Pradesh State, India." Sustainability 16, no. 12 (June 7, 2024): 4909. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16124909.
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Organic waste is the main fraction of municipal solid waste in most developing countries. Despite various efforts, municipalities often fail to properly handle generated waste due to poor source segregation, inefficient collection system, insufficient financial resources, and a lack of proper treatment and disposal facilities. In India, organic waste mainly ends up in open dumpsites. The Government of India launched the Swachh Bharat Mission and enacted legislation to improve solid waste management. This notwithstanding, the most populous state of the country, Uttar Pradesh (UP), faces serious challenges in terms of achieving the national environmental policy goals. This study attempts to assess organic management practices in UP by analyzing the existing situation. The study reviewed the legal and financial frameworks governing the waste sector, the responsibility of stakeholders, waste segregation and collection mechanisms in place, and treatment and disposal methods. The identified gaps were analyzed to provide recommendations for the local conditions. The study recommends the control of incoming materials in centralized facilities compost facilities to enhance compost quality and enhance the management of organic waste via source segregation, animal feeding, and treatment in a decentralized manner.
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Singh, Ajit Kumar. "Fees for Technical Services and the Absence of ‘Make Available Clause’ in Tax Treaties: Can a Protocol Not Notified by the Government Trigger the ‘Most Favoured Nation Clause’?" VISION: Journal of Indian Taxation 9, no. 2 (2022): 25–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.17492/jpi.vision.v9i2.922202.
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The recent decisions of some courts in India to do away with the requirement of notification of a protocol, attached to a tax treaty, for its implementation, has raised serious concerns with regards to the interplay of international law vis-à-vis the municipal law of India. The object of this article is to critically reflect on the existing jurisprudence and constitutional provisions in India, along with the extant international practices. This article tends to argue that the recent judicial approaches reflect a manifest error of law, both in terms of national as well as international practices.
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Choung, Yonghwan, and Siddharth Shukla. "Review on Legal Mechanism to Solve Environmental Problems Arising from Landfills in India: Focusing on the Application of Statutory Nuisance." National Public Law Review 19, no. 1 (February 28, 2023): 75–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.46751/nplak.2023.19.1.75.
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This paper considers the environmental disputes caused by the landfills located in Delhi, India and reviews the Indian Waste-to-Energy policy to resolve the environmental conflicts. India has sound waste management rules and regulations but they are not implemented effectively. Even though the Indian government has applied current Indian environmental policies, such as municipal solid waste rule, it could not properly resolve these disputes based on a lack of administrative will-power. India being the world’s second most populous country generates an enormous amount of garbage. While the waste generated is not managed effectively, it might lead to deterioration of human health and the environment. The waste is usually dumped in Landfills. However, these landfills are poorly managed, and the waste keeps overflowing. Numerous Landfills have led to fire around the locality, and they are a source of nuisance to the neighbourhood. One of the possible solutions could be using waste to energy plants. Waste-to-energy plants use state of the art technology to incinerate the garbage to produce energy. Waste could be used to produce clean energy and could curb pollution. However, the application of thermal technology for waste-to-energy in India is not well controlled because the cost of using crude oil is much cheaper than the expense of applying waste-to-energy technology in India. One of the possible remedies could be under statutory nuisance which would compel the regulatory authorities to protect the human health and the environment.
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A, Kumudha. "Pros and cons of indian gst to society." Journal of Management and Science 7, no. 2 (June 30, 2017): 272–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.26524/jms.2017.37.
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GST will narrow economic distance between producers and consumers as itwill be imposed only value addition. The dream of one country, one act and one taxwill be observed. It is expected that, it will help to improve the productivity in thecountry as well as will be benefited to the consumers, as maximum rate of GST ispredetermined. It will also help to avoid the multiple taxation, processes, tax evasionetc. Government proposed Central GST and States GST. CGST will subsume centralexcise duty, excess central excise duty, service tax, excess custom duty and specialexcess custom duty. SGST will subsume sale tax/ VAT, entertainment tax (other thanlocal bodies),sale tax which is imposed by Centre Government and collected by states,purchase tax, luxury tax and lottery tax and more significantly octroi which is a majorsource of revenue of the Municipal Corporations. Already there is vertical imbalanceof resources and responsibilities among Governments in India. Therefore, in thisresearch paper probable pros and cons about upcoming are discussed.
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Awal, Abdul, Mohammad Rezaul Karim, and Wahaj Unnisa Warda. "A Diagnostic Study on English Spelling Errors Among the Elementary School Children in India." Theory and Practice in Language Studies 13, no. 11 (November 1, 2023): 3049–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.1311.35.
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Learning the four skills of the English language is a requirement for pupils to utilize the language effectively, given the importance of learning it for both school and profession. Spelling – an important part of writing skill – is considered to be fundamental for written texts. The real meaning of a piece of writing can be changed by spelling mistakes, making it more challenging to understand. In India, teaching spelling is frequently overlooked while teaching English as a second language. The research attempts to determine the current level of spelling proficiency among Indian primary school students as well as the gaps and issues they encounter when spelling English words. The research approach used for this investigation was a form of descriptive survey. Children attending Jalpaiguri Municipal Corporation's elementary school in West Bengal, India, served as the study's sample. Normal probability curves and Ogive were created to analyze the frequency distribution of the English Diagnostic Test results. Central tendencies of the sample and sub-samples were studied. According to the study, spelling proficiency among elementary school students differs significantly depending on whether they attend government or non-government schools, even though there is no statistically significant difference between them based on gender and the medium of instruction they receive.
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Nyathikala, Sai Amulya, and Mukul Kulshrestha. "Performance and productivity measurement of urban water supply services in India." Water Supply 17, no. 2 (September 19, 2016): 407–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2016.106.
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Water supply services in India are currently not regulated and remain essential monopolies under the strict control of government. These services are mostly perceived as inefficient, reflecting insufficient municipal revenue generations which result in loss-making municipalities that need to be subsidized by the government. The efficiencies and productivities remain largely unmeasured and undetermined, and therefore the perception of inefficient services is not backed by scientific studies. This paper therefore sets up a framework for measuring the performance and productivity of Indian water supply operations. The study utilizes panel data on 21 municipalities observed over the financial years 2005 and 2010, to analyze the relative efficiencies and productivity growths of utilities. Data envelopment analysis is used to obtain efficiency scores and productivity measures such as the Malmquist index. The results indicate the presence of large relative inefficiencies and decreasing productivity of water supply services over time, alluding to a failure to revise tariffs upwards despite increasing input costs over time, thereby driving the need for sector regulation and tariff revision in accordance with X-factors, which was found to have a mean value of 2.4% for possible price cap regulation in the sector. The paper highlights related policy implications.
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Pal, Debarati. "Legal framework on heritage protection in India." Gdańskie Studia Azji Wschodniej, no. 25 (June 29, 2024): 157–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/23538724gs.24.012.19871.
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W artykule opisano krajowe i miejskie przepisy dotyczące dziedzictwa stworzonego przez człowieka i naturalnego, zabytków i skarbów sztuki oraz zbadano krajowe ramy ochrony niematerialnego dziedzictwa kultury w Indiach. Przedstawiono rozwój prawodawstwa, począwszy od ustaw sprzed uzyskania niepodległości do ustawodawstwa i poprawek wprowadzonych po uzyskaniu niepodległości. Przeanalizowano rolę i obowiązki interesariuszy, w tym społeczności. Artykuł zawiera kompleksowe omówienie konstytucyjnego tła ustawy z 1904 r. o starożytnych zabytkach i stanowiskach archeologicznych oraz pozostałościach, ustawy z 1958 r. o starożytnych zabytkach i stanowiskach archeologicznych oraz ustawy z 2014 r. o krajowej polityce ochrony starożytnych zabytków, stanowisk archeologicznych i pozostałości. Poddano analizie również obowiązki różnych organów, takich jak Państwowe Rady Dziedzictwa, Organy Rozwoju Dziedzictwa i Rady, pod kątem ochrony starożytnych zabytków, stanowisk archeologicznych i pozostałości. Podkreślono przy tym funkcjonalną współpracę tych organów z Urzędem Rozwoju Miejskiego i Korporacją Miejską na mocy ustaw o planowaniu przestrzennym, które odgrywają kluczową rolę we wdrażaniu tych polityk. Ponadto zwrócono uwagę na wpływ orzecznictwa Sądu Najwyższego na ramy prawne, by zilustrować zastosowanie prawa w praktyce. Alternatywnie, w domenie wykonawczej omówiono rolę rządu centralnego, National Monuments Authority, Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) oraz Indian Trust for Architectural and Cultural Heritage (INTACH) w celu zobrazowania pojęć inkluzywności i uczestnictwa społeczności. W ramach kategorii materialnej badane są również ruchome obiekty dziedzictwa kultury określone w ustawie z 1972 r. o zabytkach i skarbach sztuki. W dziedzinie niematerialnego dziedzictwa kultury zbadano rolę Sangeet Natak Akademi w ochronie niematerialnego dziedzictwa kultury Indii. The article describes the national and municipal legislations on built and living heritage, antiquities and art treasures and explores the national framework for conserving Intangible Cultural Heritage in India. It maps the transcendence from the pre-independence Acts to the post-independence legislation and amendments. The roles and responsibilities of the stakeholders, including the community were examined. The text serves as a comprehensive guide to the constitutional background of the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act 1904, the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act 1958, and the National Policy for Conservation of the Ancient Monuments, Archaeological Sites and Remains, 2014. The text also examines the roles and responsibilities of various bodies, such as State Heritage Boards, Heritage Development Authorities and Councils, in conserving ancient monuments, archaeological sites, and remains. It also highlights the functional interface of these bodies with the Municipal Development Authority and Municipal Corporation under the Town and Country Planning Acts, which play a crucial role in implementing these policies. Moreover, the text delves into the impact of the Supreme Court’s judicial decisions on the legislative framework, providing a real-world context and making the text more engaging by illustrating how the law is applied in practice. Alternatively, in the executive domain, the role of the Central Government, National Monuments Authority, Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) and Indian Trust for Architectural and Cultural Heritage (INTACH) is discussed to calibrate the notions of inclusivity and community participation. Under the tangible category, the movable heritage properties posited under the Antiquities and Art Treasures Act of 1972 are also examined. In the realm of Intangible cultural heritage, the article explores the role of the Sangeet Natak Akademi in granting protection and inventorising the Intangible Cultural Heritage of India.
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Agrawal, Reena. "Review of Infrastructure Development and Its Financing in India." Paradigm 24, no. 1 (April 16, 2020): 109–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0971890720914096.
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Infrastructure is one of the most crucial pillars of productivity in any economy. Pushing infrastructure development and particularly organizing funds for infrastructure projects have been the biggest challenge in developing nations. The present study was taken up to review the infrastructure development and its financing in India. The study intended to (1) study the infrastructure development in India in the 11th and 12th Five Year Plan, (2) examine the sources used for infrastructure financing in India, (3) assess the actions taken by government to facilitate infrastructure financing and (4) propose measures to augment infrastructure financing to overcome infrastructure deficit in the country. It was found that though Government of India and Reserve Bank of India have taken several initiatives to facilitate infrastructure financing, there still exists a vast gap between supply side and the demand side. Some of the recommendations given in the paper include the need to evolve innovative business models and mitigate administrative glitches to ensure larger private participation; exploit the untapped potential of diaspora; revisit the statutory liquidity ratio norms for banks; evolve the municipal bond market; boost regional integration and improved connectivity through creation of corridors between sub-continental regions, which would not only bridge the finance gap but also the knowledge gap, etc.
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Arya, Ashish Kumar, Kamal Kant Joshi, Archana Bachheti, and Deepti. "A review on distribution and importance of wetlands in the perspective of India." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 12, no. 4 (December 15, 2020): 710–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v12i4.2412.
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Biodiversity is not equally distributed across the world. It depends on the type of various habitats and food availability. In these habitats, wetlands play an import role to increase the biodiversity of the particular area. Many studies have focused on various habitats to conserve biodiversity. However, the wetland studies are very few due to the lack of information on their distribution and importance. The present review focusses on the wetland status and their importance in India. India has vibrant and diverse wetland ecosystems that support immense biodiversity. The wetlands are unique habitats which provide ecological, social and economic values. However, rapid urbanization, industrialization and uncontrolled agricultural practices have pressurized to shrink the wetlands in India. The present paper highlights the wetland habitats in India with their geographical location, distribution, avian species diversity and their significance. The paper also discusses the growing threats like climate change, land-use change and agriculture/ municipal waste to the wetlands and the conservation efforts by Indian government policies, i.e. National Wetland Conservation Programme, National Environmental Policy, and National Plan for conservation of the aquatic ecosystem. In addition, on the basis of previous studies on wetlands, it is suggested that the role of stakeholders is very much responsible for wetland conservation.
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S, Raghul. "Assessing the Efficiency of Municipal Infrastructure - Case study in Vaaniyambadi Municipality, Tamilnadu, India." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 12, no. 4 (April 30, 2024): 5806–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2024.61289.
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Abstract: This document discusses the evaluation of infrastructure facilities in Vaniyambadi, with the aim of improving the quality of life by addressing the issues and suggesting ways to enhance these facilities. The study focuses on physical infrastructure, including water supply, sewage and drainage, solid waste management, and electricity supply. It highlights the need for alternate water sources, additional pumping stations, and proper distribution of overhead water tanks to ensure equal access to water. It also emphasizes the importance of covering open drains, installing sewage treatment plants, and raising awareness about proper waste management to create a cleaner and healthier environment. Furthermore, the document addresses social infrastructure, particularly healthcare facilities and educational institutions. It suggests improvements such as increasing the number of beds and water supply in government hospitals, enhancing security systems in schools, and promoting collaboration between the community and municipal workers to maintain cleanliness. The document concludes by emphasizing the significance of infrastructure in driving economic and social development and the need for continuous improvement and modernization. Keywords: Municipal infrastructure, Physical infrastructure, Social infrastructure, Solid waste management , water supply
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Puttaparthi, Prasanth Vardhan, Ayon Kumar Tarafdar, and Abdul Razak Mohamed. "Exploring Potential of Public Land Based Revenues to Finance City Infrastructure: An assessment using linear programming for Guntur Municipal Corporation." International Journal of Built Environment and Sustainability 8, no. 1 (December 29, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/ijbes.v8.n1.559.
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Municipalities are in search of exploring alternative own revenues to finance urban infrastructure investments in India. As compared to others, monetization of public land is within the functional domain of local governments subject to certain constraints. This study employs a linear programming model incorporating the constraints enforced by state government to assess the potentials of public lands for urban infrastructure capital investments. This approach is largely different from the existing literature, which does not determine the capacity of municipal public lands based on realized revenues. This investigation finds that certain proposed leasing strategies for Guntur Municipality under different simulations as done in this research have potentials to realize 240% more revenues compared to ‘business as usual’ scenario and hence, provide new policy insights for leasing public lands in a revenue optimization perspective. The framework adopted by this helps local governments to estimate the potentials of public lands and establish revenue targets.
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Kochhar, Priyanka, Namrata Mahal, Sanjay Seth, and Mandeep Singh. "Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment—A green-building rating system for catalysing climate-change mitigation/adaptation in India." F1000Research 11 (February 7, 2022): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.108826.1.
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Green-building rating systems (GBRSs) are critical for implementing climate change (CC) mitigation strategies because they can help reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the building sector. From the Indian policy perspective, the ClimateSMART Cities Assessment Framework (CSCAF) provides cities a roadmap toward mitigating CC while planning/implementing their actions and facilitates realising energy efficiency and green buildings through GBRS adoption and incentivisation. Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment (GRIHA) is a comprehensive GBRS aligned with CSCAF and India’s climate goals, facilitating the implementation of Government of India’s relevant policies and climate-adaptation measures within a building project’s different phases. This paper examines existing institutional mechanisms for incentivising GRIHA-rated projects and provides recommendations for municipal bodies, regional developmental authorities, and state governments for strengthening resource efficiency in the built environment through GRIHA. Residential buildings are considered because their contribution to GHG emissions is the greatest among buildings. Data were collected through literature review, reviewing smart-city proposals and latest state annual action plans, Right to Information queries, and structured interviews of stakeholders. Feedback from green-building certification agencies, project proponents, and government officials revealed a need for local-level information dissemination and guidance on institutional mechanisms for incentivising green-rated projects. Further, to understand the implementation mechanisms for GRIHA-linked incentives, residential projects under some local-government agencies were documented as case studies, providing useful insights into prevalent mechanisms for availing incentives while facilitating GRIHA compliance. The information provided herein can be useful for local governments in other developing countries for guiding the building sector toward mitigating climate change.
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Hanumantha Rao, P. "Hospital waste management system — a case study of a south Indian city." Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy 27, no. 4 (May 26, 2009): 313–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x09104128.
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It is more than 5 years since the prescribed deadline, 30 December 2002, for all categories of towns covered by the Biomedical Waste Management (BMW) Rules 1998 elapsed. Various reports indicate that the implementation of the BMW Rules is not satisfactory even in the large towns and cities in India. Few studies have looked at the `macro system' of the biomedical waste management in India. In this context the present study describes the role of the important stakeholders who comprise the `macrosystem' namely the pollution control board, common waste management facilities, municipal corporation, state government (Directorate of Medical Education and Health Systems Development Project), professional agencies such as the India Medical Association and non-governmental organizations, in the implementation of BMW rules in a capital city of a state in south India. Brief descriptions of the `micro-system' (i.e. biomedical waste management practices within a hospital) of six hospitals of different types in the study city are also presented.
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J. Menon, Vishnu, and Antony Palackal. "Sustainability Contested: Analysis of Stakeholders Participation in Municipal Solid Waste Management - A Case Study." Current World Environment 16, no. 3 (December 31, 2021): 974–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/cwe.16.3.27.
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Waste has always been a part of human life settlement and we have been either very careless with our waste by discarding it into the streets, the air, water, and in our backyards, or consciously dumping it close to those least powerful segments of the society at all times. Waste has been a problem for human beings and people have been least concerned about its eco-friendly disposal. Developed countries came up with many programmes, regulations and policies to address the municipal solid waste crisis, but still it is an unresolved problem. Municipal solid waste management is still a complex issue everywhere in the globalized and techno scientific world due to the carefree mindset, rapid urbanization process, unscientific development process and lack of social responsibility. In these circumstances, municipal solid waste managementcannot be addressed by mere technological innovations or adoptions. Moreover, the responsibility of municipal solid waste managementcannot be left to the Government alone. Instead, participation of various stakeholders needs to be ensured and coordinated for achieving sustainability. Taking Thiruvananthapuram Municipal Corporation in the state of Kerala, India as a case, this paper discusses the extent and ways in which various stakeholders engage in the two main approaches for municipal solid waste management, namely- centralized approach and decentralized approach. The research study was conducted during the period June, 2020 to December, 2020.
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Jayaramu, K. P., B. Manoj Kumar, and K. K. Prasanna Rashmi. "Improving cost recovery in urban water supply service: an experience from India." Water Policy 18, no. 3 (December 7, 2015): 685–707. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2015.134.
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Poor cost recovery, owing to inherent problems associated with intermittent water service, is common in the majority of towns and cities in India. The water supply in twin cities of Hubli–Dharwad, located in North Karnataka, India, was characterized by several issues such as water losses, poor service delivery, low cost recovery and low investments. Provision of water service to the twin cities was the responsibility of the Hubli–Dharwad Municipal Corporation (HDMC) until 2003. The municipal revenues were affected by the large gap between revenue and expenditure on account of poor performance of the water division of the corporation, which further impeded the efforts to improve water service. In 2003, due to deteriorating performance with regard to water supply, the Government of Karnataka transferred the responsibility for maintenance of the water service to the Karnataka Urban Water Supply & Drainage Board (KUWS&DB). The KUWS&DB along with the HDMC adopted a multi-pronged strategy to improve cost recovery. The sustained efforts for over a decade (2003–2013) led to a gradual increase in full cost recovery from about 12% in 2003 to 47% in 2013. This study examines the impact of the multi-pronged approach adopted for improving cost recovery in water supply in the twin cities.
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Negi, Harshita, Deep Chandra Suyal, Ravindra Soni, Krishna Giri, and Reeta Goel. "Indian Scenario of Biomass Availability and Its Bioenergy-Conversion Potential." Energies 16, no. 15 (August 4, 2023): 5805. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16155805.
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The current energy scenario and policies demand the transition of the fuel economy from conventional fossil fuels to renewable fuels, carbon-neutral fuels, and/or decarbonized fuels. The impact of biomass-derived fuels is well-known as their radiocarbon dating indicates their contribution to young carbon emissions in addition to fewer emissions of particulates, sulfur dioxide, and air pollutants compared to fossil fuels. The various kinds of biomass available in India are already being established as potential sources for the production of biofuels and power generation. In this context, besides the quantity of biomass, environmental and economic factors are critically important for determining the range of conversion processes. Currently in India, agricultural-based biomass is the major partner for bioenergy generation. The annual surplus of agriculture-based biomass from major crops, available after its utilization for domestic use, cattle feeding, compost fertilizer, etc., is about 230 million metric tons (MMT). The estimated gross biomass power potential (based on trends) for 2019–2020 from the selected crops is around 30,319.00 Megawatt electric (MWe) at the pan-India level. However, it can be as high as 50,000 MWe after expanding the scope of available biomass from different energy sources. Moreover, the increasing trend of the country for the production of municipal solid waste (MSW) at a rate of 0.16 million tons (Mt) per day also indicates its potential for bioenergy generation. Nevertheless, its decentralized collection and segregation are key issues to its availability for bioenergy conversion/power generation. Therefore, the need of this hour is an effective utilization strategy plan for every type of available biomass including biomass-based refineries, renewable energy carriers, and/or other value-added products. This review aims to compile the various biomass resources (agricultural residues, municipal solid waste, forest-based biomass, industry-based biomass, and aquatic biomass) available in India and their potential for the generation of bioenergy (CBG, bioethanol, power, co-generation, etc.) through various bioconversion technologies that are available/in progress in the country. It also summarizes the current bioenergy scenario of India and initiatives taken by the Indian Government to achieve its future demand through biomass to energy conversion.
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G, Vinod, and Biju T. "Accrual Based Double Entry Accounting - A Revamp in the Financial Administration of Urban Local Bodies." Commerce & Business Researcher 14, no. 2 (December 31, 2021): 26–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.59640/cbr.v14i2.26-33.
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The Cash Based Single Entry System of Accounting (CBSESA) was usedby Urban Local Bodies (ULBs), since their inception for the purpose of financial recording and reporting. Because of the system’s inherent limitations, ULBs have failed to fulfil financial responsibility, transparency requirements, tapping new avenues of finance and efficient financial administration. The 11th National Finance Commission has made its apprehension on the accounting system followed in Local Self Governments (LSGs) and strongly recommended for a change in the accounting system as a good governance initiative. Time has proven that accrual-based double entry system of accounting is the most scientific method for financial recording and reporting, and the same has been in practice in commercial entities since 15th century. Unfortunately, the socalled scientific system could not be brought about in Government accounting or LSG accounting till the end of 20th century. As the first leap the Government of India suggested to adopt Accrual Based Double Entry System of Accounting (ABDESA) in ULBs in 2004. The state of Kerala adopted Municipal Accounts Manual and ABDESA in selected ULBs from 1st April 2007 (G.O.MS/8/2007/LSGD). Since, accounting information is largely used by stake holders for different purposes including financial administration and decisions, quality of such decisions (based on the published financial statements) rests largely on the shoulder of quality of information. The present paper is a detailed analysis of the quality of financial statements generated under ABDESA by the ULBs of Kerala, based on the primary data collected from five Municipal Corporations and 40 Municipalities.
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Kumar, Mr Shubham, Vashinava Sharma, and Nilesh Kumar Gupta. "Case Study of Solid Waste Management in Indian Urban Areas Examination of Law Practice." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 5 (May 31, 2022): 2748–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.42943.
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Abstract: The case study examine different Indian solid waste management laws and practise in several urban centres of . The main focus of this study is that most of the urban areas in India appear to be heavily affected by poor solid waste , due to lack of proper government effort to tackle the solid waste problem. The most of urban centres of India like Karnataka and Gujarat west Bengal and many more. have abysmal facility of solid waste management facility. As we all know Karnataka is our IT capital and Gujarat is also called the diamond capital of India despite of this achievement, solid waste management is a big issue. Now we have to study exactly how the study is mounted on various lenses. We need to revaluate about the laws, if they can be same as the need of urban communities and also other organization who are involved in waste management or special regulations are needed to reduce the solid waste management problem. For municipal solid waste management, what will be its legal framework? Finally, it is the responsibility of community members and stakeholder to manage solid waste properly several recommendation are drawn from conclusion ,some are the establishment of an independent body to address solid waste management, formalization of this sector is important. Keywords: Waste Management, legal framework, formalization
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Thorat, Abhijit S., and Sanjay B. Attarde. "A PERSPECTIVE OF MANAGEMENT AND DISPOSAL OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTES IN AURANGABAD CITY, MAHARASHTRA STATE, INDIA." International Journal on Environmental Sciences 14, no. 02 (2023): 85–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.53390/ijes.2023.14205.
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The methods for managing and disposing of municipal solid waste in Aurangabad City, Maharashtra State, India, are discussed in this paper. An environmentally responsible, sustainable civilization is fundamentally dependent on proper garbage management. In this context, we have characterized and composed of these litters and the conservational problems associated with its management are also studied Primary data was collected from a randomized sample of residents in the Municipal Corporation highest-concentration areas of solid waste by means of designed feedback forms. Open spaces and specific rubbish dumping sites on the city's main thoroughfares were designated. Verbal meetings and field observations in the study zones were used to assess environmental and health issues resulting from the unmaintainable management of the trash. The findings demonstrate the diversity of the waste structure in the city as a result of the inclusion of both biodegradable and non-biodegradable elements, including plastic, polythene, electronic wastes, medical wastes, and so forth. According to our analysis, the Maharashtra State Government should seriously explore implementing "waste to energy" as a means of reducing the risk associated with garbage management and simultaneously meeting the city of Aurangabad's desire for vibrancy. Meanwhile, AMC should proceed with its operations.
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Bhuvaneshwari, S., Hiroshan Hettiarachchi, and Jay Meegoda. "Crop Residue Burning in India: Policy Challenges and Potential Solutions." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 5 (March 7, 2019): 832. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16050832.
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India, the second largest agro-based economy with year-round crop cultivation, generates a large amount of agricultural waste, including crop residues. In the absence of adequate sustainable management practices, approximately 92 seems a very small number of metric tons of crop waste is burned every year in India, causing excessive particulate matter emissions and air pollution. Crop residue burning has become a major environmental problem causing health issues as well as contributing to global warming. Composting, biochar production and mechanization are a few effective sustainable techniques that can help to curtail the issue while retaining the nutrients present in the crop residue in the soil. The government of India has attempted to curtail this problem, through numerous measures and campaigns designed to promote sustainable management methods such as converting crop residue into energy. However, the alarming rise of air pollution levels caused by crop residue burning in the city of Delhi and other northern areas in India observed in recent years, especially in and after the year of 2015, suggest that the issues is not yet under control. The solution to crop residue burning lies in the effective implementation of sustainable management practices with Government interventions and policies. This manuscript addresses the underlying technical as well as policy issues that has prevented India from achieving a long-lasting solution and also potential solutions that have been overlooked. However, effective implementation of these techniques also requires us to look at other socioeconomic aspects that had not been considered. This manuscript also discusses some of the policy considerations and functionality based on the analyses and current practices. The agricultural waste sector can benefit immensely from some of the examples from other waste sectors such as the municipal solid waste (MSW) and wastewater management where collection, segregation, recycling and disposal are institutionalized to secure an operational system. Active stakeholder involvement including education and empowerment of farmers along with technical solutions and product manufacturing can also assist tremendously. Even though the issue of crop residue burning touches many sectors, such as environment, agriculture, economy, social aspects, education, and energy, the past governmental efforts mainly revolved around agriculture and energy. This sectorial thinking is another barrier that needs to be broken. The government of India as well as governments of other developing countries can benefit from the emerging concept of nexus thinking in managing environmental resources. Nexus thinking promotes a higher-level integration and higher level of stakeholder involvement that goes beyond the disciplinary boundaries, providing a supporting platform to solve issues such as crop residue burning.
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Dey, Vishal, and Romy Biswas. "Practice of self-medication among the adult population in the Municipal Corporation area of Siliguri, West Bengal, India." Journal of Comprehensive Health 7, no. 1 (June 30, 2019): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.53553/jch.v07i01.005.
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Background: Self-medication is a major public health concern which has increased at the community level. It may lead to delay in diagnosis as well as care seeking. Present study was undertaken to find out the prevalence and pattern of self medication practices among adult population in an urban area of Siliguri Municipal Corporation area of West Bengal. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 110 adults in urban areas of Siliguri Municipal Corporation area by purposive sampling. Results: The prevalence of self-medication among urban adults was found to be 47.2%. More than 50% of the study subjects had symptoms like fever and headache for resorting medication by him. Common drugs were antipyretic or paracetamol (65.4%), antacid (50%), anti-inflammatory (44.2%) or anti-allergic (42.3%). Significant association was found between occupational status (engaged in unskilled work) and self-medication. Conclusion: Self-medication practices are a dual sword to manage time, relieve overburdened medical practice and increased resistance of pathogens due to delayed diagnosis etc. Health educational activities should be initiated to encourage common people in order to utilize health care services from government facilities which are now made at a subsidized cost.
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Luthra, Aman. "Municipalization for privatization’s sake." Society and Business Review 14, no. 2 (May 31, 2019): 135–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sbr-11-2017-0102.
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Purpose Rapid economic growth and urbanization in India have increased demand for municipal services. In response, privatization has emerged as a policy solution to a growing deficit in urban infrastructure and service provision. But, privatization assumes prior state ownership of those services. Certain waste management services, specifically doorstep waste collection, have never been truly public in the sense that private informal actors have historically provided them. The purpose of this paper is to examine the tensions and contradictions between two related policy imperatives – universal service provision and privatization – that appear to be guiding the municipalization of solid waste collection services in urban India. Design/methodology/approach Research for this paper relies on detailed analysis of key government documents (reports of various committees, regulations and laws) that have been important in defining municipal responsibilities for waste management in India from 1990 to 2016. In addition, where appropriate, research materials from the author’s doctoral dissertation fieldwork in Delhi from October 2012 to December 2013 have also been used. Findings An analysis of key policy documents revealed that the government’s efforts to document deficits in service provision ignored, and thus rendered invisible, the work of the informal sector. While a consensus on the need for universal waste collection service had emerged as early as the late 1990s, it was not until 2016 that municipal responsibility for service provision was codified into law. The rules issued in 2016 municipalized this responsibility while simultaneously opening up spaces for the inclusion of the informal sector in waste collection service provision. Originality/value This paper fills a gap in the existing literature on how policy interventions have brought the space of the doorstep into the ambit of the state such that it allows for the opening up of those spaces for the entry of private capital. Under the guise of universal service provision, the shift to municipalization and outsourcing to private corporations is not in fact privatization – service provision is already private – but involves the dispossession of informal workers and the transfer of their resource to the formal, corporate sector.
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Gupta, Shreekant, Surender Kumar, and Gopal K. Sarangi. "Measuring the performance of water service providers in urban India: implications for managing water utilities." Water Policy 14, no. 3 (January 2, 2012): 391–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2011.109.
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This study assesses the efficiency of the urban water supply system in 27 selected Indian cities. It applies data envelopment analysis (DEA) as an analytical tool to measure technical efficiency. Cities are categorized into different groups according to the management structure of their water utilities. The results show that within groups, the utilities that are managed by ‘municipal corporations (MCs) and parastatals', with a certain amount of functional autonomy, perform better in comparison to the group ‘MCs and government’ and thus, strengthen the hypothesis that functional autonomy in management leads to better performance of the water utilities. Moreover, the results also have implications for urban domestic water pricing. We find that most water utilities are operating under decreasing returns to scale (DRS), implying that water should be priced at a marginal cost of supply.
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Kumar Koshta, Dileep, and Ashu Jain. "A Study of Water Resource Management in Urban and Rural Areas of Jabalpur District." Shanlax International Journal of Commerce 7, no. 3 (July 1, 2019): 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/commerce.v7i3.397.
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India is rich in natural water resources, but because of the uneven distribution of resources and improper management, the major part of the country suffers from drought almost every year. The present study is based upon the inappropriate management of water resources in the urban and rural area of Jabalpur. The present paper intends to find out the actual condition of management of water resources by the municipal corporation of Jabalpur, whether the citizens of Jabalpur are benefitted through the policies made by the government for the equal distribution of water resources, are the policies adequately implemented and monitored once they are made?The data has been collected from secondary and primary sources, and simple percentage method has been used to analyze the collected data. The outcome of the study reveals that the government is trying to manage the water resource and is concentrated on the equal distribution of water in both urban and rural areas. Many policies have been prepared by the local government, but ineffective monitoring is the leading cause of improper management of water resources.
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Dhoke, Smita, Alka Srivastava, Parag Dalal, and J. K. Srivastava. "Vermi-Digestion of Municipal Solid Waste by Red Wigglers to Organic Fertilizer." IRA-International Journal of Technology & Engineering (ISSN 2455-4480) 8, no. 1 (August 15, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.21013/jte.v8.n1.p1.
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<p>Ujjain is known as one of the most significant cities of the India as Singhastha 2016 just passed by. Singhastha is an event where Billions of devotees come to take a dip in holy river Shipra for whole One month. In Ujjain average total solid waste generation now is about 226 tons per day in the city area only. A huge amount of money is spent by the Local government on the solid waste management transportation to trenching grounds. The trenching grounds are situated at 20 Kms away from the city in different directions. Solid Waste Management also produces various problems which create many issues with wastage of money therefore; a big need for the ecofriendly disposal technique is been posted. In this paper we are proposing a technique known as vermicomposting which is a good solution to treatment of organic solid wastes. In this technique we have found the degradation of organic municipal solid waste by earthworms. In the research work the temperature is been maintained at 25-35°c, moisture content maintained about at 45- 55% and pH between 7.0-7.3. About 100 grams earthworms {Eisenia Fetida} per kilogram of municipal solid waste were taken. The final result shows that the organic municipal solid wasted are been converted to manure in a time period of 35 - 36 days through vermicomposting technique and about 63% volume of municipal solid waste is reduced for transportation.</p>
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Mukherjee, Falguni. "Use of Qualitative Methods to Examine GIS Planning and Management in the Context of E-Governance." International Journal of E-Planning Research 5, no. 2 (April 2016): 23–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijepr.2016040102.
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Critical GIS recognizes that GIS technology is socially constructed and emphasizes the key role of various socio-political and institutional contexts in shaping GIS knowledge production. This article focusses on the use of GIS in the context of e-governance in India. In recent years the massive proliferation of ICTs in India has led to a transformation from traditional governance to e – governance. Several planning projects have been launched under the rubric of e-governance and have witnessed novel use of various information technologies, GIS being one of them. The theoretical framework used in this study draws from the Critical GIS body of literature that calls for taking a holistic approach to GIS examination by coupling the internal contexts with the external contextual environment shaping an organization's GIS planning and management. In order to achieve this goal qualitative methods of inquiry are adopted to investigate a municipal e-governance project launched by the Government of Karnataka to address issues of urban development using GIS.
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Jetpurwala, AbdulkadeerMohmadi, Yashika Kewalramani, U. N. L. Y. Subhash, PritiSushil Jain, ShelyPratik Dedhia, Kalpak Peter, Amit Parate, and PoojaRanganath Rasal. "Psychological effect of performing COVID duty among the oral health-care workers in government and municipal facilities in Maharashtra, India." International Journal of Medical and Oral Research 8, no. 1 (2023): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ijmo.ijmo_5_23.
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Cornea, Natasha, René Véron, and Anna Zimmer. "Clean city politics: An urban political ecology of solid waste in West Bengal, India." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 49, no. 4 (December 6, 2016): 728–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0308518x16682028.
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Solid waste management is often perceived as one of the most pressing environmental problems facing local governments in urban India and elsewhere in the global south. However, solid waste is not simply a managerial problem but is in many ways a highly political issue that involves diverse political actors at different scales. Particularly at the local level, solid waste management can also be a key part of broader political strategies, acting through its unique materiality as an environmental artefact and social relic. In this paper, we use an urban political ecology approach to examine a recent segregation-at-source project in a small town in West Bengal as a lens to understand more general multi-scalar, socio-political urban processes. Drawing primarily upon qualitative field research, the paper shows how diffuse forms of power and different governmentalities were applied between and within state-level government agents, municipal authorities, local waste workers and local communities to implement and (re)shape this project. The research points to the complexity of urban environmental governance and everyday politics in which action repertoires ranging from threats, the creation of environmental and hygienic subjects, moral appeals and economic rationality, underpinned by the harmful character of waste and by socio-cultural imaginaries thereof, (re)produced uneven political ecologies of waste between and within different neighbourhoods of the city.
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Kharel, S., M. J. Shariff, S. Ravindranath, A. Vidya, and K. G. Raj. "A STUDY ON THE DEVELOPMENT AND SANITATION PROFILE OF SMART CITIES – A CASE STUDY OF TIRUCHIRAPALLI CITY." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-5 (November 19, 2018): 741–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-5-741-2018.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Health and Sanitation are the two major limbs that support Swachh Bharat Abhiyaan. This scheme was launched by the Indian Government targeting towards achieving a more clean and healthy India. The present study was done for estimating the cleanliness and development of Tiruchirapalli city located in the state of Tamil Nadu. Geospatial &amp; Statistical tools were used for analyzing and ranking different wards. Panchromatic &amp; MSS merged image and ancillary data obtained from Trichy Municipal Corporation was used to derive necessary GIS layers. Adequacy of the public toilets for each ward was found out using spatial layers and mathematical equation derived from census and sanitation data. Development Index was generated for each ward giving appropriate ranking by considering parameters such as public toilets, population, built-up densities and NDVI for each ward. The results were used for estimating the adequacy of public toilets in each ward and deciding the best wards based on ranks obtained from weighted values of different developmental parameters.</p>
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Londhe, Meghana. "Planning Intervention for Development for Hinjewadi and Its Surrounding Area." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 1 (January 31, 2022): 1008–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.39975.
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Abstract: The IT industry was welcomed with open arms into the city as per the IT policy of the State government of Maharashtra. Pune is widely regarded as the second major "IT hub of India" and the top automobile and manufacturing hub of India. The main objective of this Thesis is to assess the extent of development at Hinjewadi and surrounding areas and accordingly propose planning interventions with respect to development of the area. Hinjewadi IT Park is proposed and developed by Hinjewadi MIDC. Existence of IT Park offers employment and development opportunities at city level and local level. But it also offers some challenges in development. Hinjewadi comes under PMRDA as it is not a part of Pune Municipal Corporation and Pimpri Chinchwad Municipal Corporation. Hinjewadi needs a special attention because of its IT hub. There are various authorities in Hinjewadi namely, Hinjewadi gram panchayat, Hinjewadi MIDC, Software Technology Parks of India, Hinjewadi Industries Association, IT employees and local residents of Hinjewadi. All of these authorities play an important role in development of Hinjawadi. These authorities are not interdependent on each other and are confined to their specific approach towards development. They lack in coordination and holistic approach of development. Major issue is faced by daily commuters from various parts of the cities. The IT Park is challenged by chaotic traffic, insufficient security arrangements. These various authorities need to be brought under one umbrella that will be a parent organization to develop holistic approach and better future development. The proposal would be to form an urban local body for Hinjewadi and surrounding area. The area will be delineated with possible development possible for Residential - Commercial development in the area. Keywords: Planning Intervention, Extent of development, daily commuters, holistic approach, IT Park.
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Khanna, Sandeep, and Suman Chauhan. "Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Strategies of the Current Landfill Site in Gurugram, Haryana." Current World Environment 18, no. 1 (April 29, 2023): 350–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/cwe.18.1.29.
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The term “municipal solid waste” refers to waste that is collected by the municipality and includes construction and demolition debris as well as industrial, commercial, and residential waste. Urbanization and growing living standards have resulted in a rise in the amount and complexity of municipal solid waste. In developing countries like India, open dumpsites are common due to a lack of skilled labor and a limited budget for waste disposal. The definition of dumping is a location utilized to dispose of solid waste without regard to environmental restrictions. The facilities for waste collection and disposal have not received much attention. The current research aims to evaluate the environmental impacts and mitigating strategies of the current landfill site in Gurugram. To collect the necessary data, formal and informal interviews with residents and government representatives, landfill site inspections, and observations were made. Collection of secondary data that includes facts on the landfill site, management and design, and the location's physical, biological, geophysical, and land use characteristics. The handling and management of scavenging or informal waste collection, insufficient collection coverage, inconsistent collection, burning and other challenges all contribute to the status of waste management. Moreover, research and literature relating to municipal solid waste management are lacking in Gurugram. The current study's findings may be useful for waste management authorities and city planners in developing an efficient solid waste management system with all available analyses of pros and cons.
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Preeti and Mehtab Singh. "A Critical Analysis of Status and Deficiencies of Health Services in Kharkhoda Block of Sonipat District of Haryana." International Journal for Research Publication and Seminar 14, no. 1 (January 13, 2023): 378–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.36676/jrps.v14.i1.1426.
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Health services play an important role in the overall development of any region; gathering basic information is the primary step in making the proper decision in the developmental activities of the study area. For planning at the micro level, a village is considered a viable micro-administrative unit. For the data primary survey was done in all forty-four villages and the Kharkhoda municipal committee in 2019. A detailed Global Positioning System Survey has been done of various health services and presented through maps. The deficiency of various utility services has been calculated based on norms given by the government schemes. The present paper focuses on the status of health services in the Kharkhoda block of Sonipat district in Haryana and highlights the areas of deficiency in health services. The paper concludes that the study area is deficient in public health centres, public health sub-centres, AYUSH centres and Anganwari centres and the status of health services in the area is not according to the various norms defined by the government of India.