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Journal articles on the topic 'Municipal legislative'
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1
Angelo da Silva, Alexandre Manoel, Roberta da Silva Vieira, and Angelo José Mont’alverne Duarte. "Efficiency of municipal legislative chambers." EconomiA 16, no. 1 (January 2015): 60–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.econ.2015.03.001.
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Freedman, Warren. "The Legislative Authority of the Local Sphere of Government to Conserve and Protect the Environment: A Critical Analysis of Le Sueur v eThekwini Municipality [2013] ZAKZPHC 6 (30 January 2013)." Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal/Potchefstroomse Elektroniese Regsblad 17, no. 1 (April 21, 2017): 594. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2014/v17i1a2263.
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Legislative authority in South Africa is divided among the national, provincial and local spheres of government. Section 43 of the Constitution provides in this respect that the legislative authority of the national sphere of government is vested in Parliament; that the legislative authority of the provincial sphere of government is vested in the provincial legislatures; and that the legislative authority of the local sphere of government is vested in the municipal councils. The allocation of legislative authority to municipal councils gives rise to a number of complex questions. One of these is the extent to which municipal councils are entitled to pass legislation that deals with the conservation and protection of the "environment". This issue was considered by the KwaZulu-Natal High Court: Pietermaritzburg in Le Sueur v eThekwini Municipality [2013] ZAKZPHC 6 (30 January 2013). In this case the High Court found that even though the functional area of "environment" has been explicitly allocated to the national and provincial spheres of government and not to the local sphere by the Constitution (see Schedule 4A of the Constitution), municipal councils are entitled to pass legislation that deals with the conservation and protection of the "environment", at least in those circumstances where it forms a part of "municipal planning". While there is no doubt that the functional area of "municipal planning" does encompass certain specific environmental matters at the local level, it does not encompass the broad area of the "environment", as the High Court suggests in its judgment. The approach adopted by the High Court, therefore, is open to some criticism. The purpose of this article is to set out and discuss the High Court’s judgment as well as the criticisms that may be levelled against it in the light of the allocation of legislative authority to the three spheres of government.
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Alua, Altynbekkyzy, and Bekezhanov Dauren Nurzhanovich. "Theoretical Issues of Legal Regulation of Municipal Solid Waste Handling." International Business and Accounting Research Journal 1, no. 2 (June 5, 2017): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/ibarj.v1i2.6.
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The relevance of comparative analysis of legal regulation of environmental protection is due to several reasons. Firstly, it expands the boundaries of interpretation of legal norms and acts of environmental law. Secondly, it allows relying on experience in the latest achievements of legislative activity in developed countries. Thirdly, taking into consideration the legislative mistakes of other countries, it helps to avoid similar mistakes in the process of improving Kazakh legislation. And finally, it is the starting point for multilateral and bilateral cooperation in the field of environmental law.
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Semenova, Y. "LEGISLATIVE REGULATION OF MUNICIPAL WATER RESOURCES USE." Investytsiyi: praktyka ta dosvid, no. 12 (July 2, 2019): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.32702/2306-6814.2019.12.127.
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Дымберова, Эржена, and Erzhena Dymberova. "Anticorruption Expertise of Municipal Normative Legal Acts: Current State and Search of Ways of Improvement." Journal of Russian Law 2, no. 9 (September 23, 2014): 62–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/5502.
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The article analyzes the legislation, governing the subject composition of municipal legal acts anticorruption expertise. There is no compulsory, solid and independent expertise of municipal acts at present time. An attempt to justify the necessity for legal and anti-corruption expertise, when the municipal legal acts are in the federal register, was made. The solution of problems, set out in the article, directly related to the improvement of legislative regulation of powers separation between the different levels of public authority on keeping the Federal Register municipal legal acts.
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Zabelina, E. P. "The Development of Legislative Process at the Municipal Level." Actual Problems of Russian Law 15, no. 3 (April 9, 2020): 96–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/1994-1471.2020.112.3.096-102.
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The paper systematically analyzes the legislative activity on the development and adoption of municipal legal acts. Such activity is defined as a municipal law-making process. Based on the positions of scientists delimiting the municipal law-making process at the stage, and their corresponding analysis, the optimal number and features of each stage of the law-making process at the municipal level are determined.As a criterion for distinguishing the stages of the municipal law-making process, the author proposes to use the target criterion, which allows us to identify specific procedures at each stage. It is noted that only after the execution of the procedures of the first stage the conditions for the transition to the implementation of the procedures of the next stage of the municipal law-making process arise.The author identifies two areas of the law-making process at the municipal level — the referendum process and the law-making activity of local authorities, as well as their features. Given that the population is the main subject of the referendum municipal law-making process, and the implementation of the constitutional right of citizens to hold local referenda is very difficult due to certain legislative restrictions, the author formulates proposals aimed at enhancing the legislative initiative of the population of municipalities.
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Bloomfield, Elizabeth. "Municipal Bonusing of Industry: The Legislative Framework in Ontorio to 1830." Research Notes 9, no. 3 (November 6, 2013): 59–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1019300ar.
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Many Ontario municipalities between the 1870s and the 1920s tried to influence the pace and form of urban growth by granting inducements to manufacturers. This research note offers a summary of the Ontario legislation relating to such inducements. It defines the forms of assistance municipal councils might grant to industrial enterprises and the restrictions on the powers of municipalities, as these were amended from time to time. The legislative framework of bonusing is considered in four periods: 1867-1892; 1892-1900; 1900-1924; after 1924; and excerpts from the legislation are presented in an appendix. Some implications of bonusing in the study of urban history are suggested.
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Enabulele, Amos Osaigbovo, and Faith Osama Osadolor. "The Status in Nigeria of Treaties Predating the 1979 Constitution: Reflections on JFS v. Brawal Line Ltd." African Journal of Legal Studies 12, no. 3-4 (May 14, 2020): 335–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/17087384-12340055.
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Abstract It is an essential ingredient of sovereignty that every State has an absolute jurisdiction to determine the laws that apply within its territory and to determine, by its laws, the organ of the State that has the competence to make laws and the procedures to be followed. The competent organ that makes municipal law (the legislature) is usually different from the organ that makes international law (the executive). As a result, and following the dictates of separation of powers, while the executive is competent to enter into treaties, its competence is eroded by the competence of the legislature when a treaty is intended to be applied to municipal subjects; such a treaty intrudes into the competence of the legislature. When this occurs, the municipal applicability of the treaty would turn on the requirements specified by municipal law. This is the function of section 12(1) of the 1999 Constitution (as amended). This section bars the executive from transforming its treaty-making power into legislative powers by requiring legislative approval for the application of a treaty in Nigeria. Expectedly, the section has been variously interpreted and applied by Nigerian courts. This paper examines the views expressed by the Supreme Court in JFS v. Brawal Line Ltd and argues that the Supreme Court failed to give proper expression to the dualist nature of that section.
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Bilyk, G. "Bases of legal adjustment of the reference and management with a soil waste in Ukraine." Visnyk of the Lviv University. Series Geography, no. 37 (September 9, 2009): 55–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vgg.2009.37.2371.
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In the article the analysis of legislative base which regulates references with a waste in Ukraine, and also activity of all authorities involved in this sphere are carried out. In this connection it is necessary to distribute accurately administrative obligations between separate establishments. For qualitative management of a household waste, finances should be provided. Working out and introduction of stimulus is necessary for the use of a waste, as e secondary raw materials in manufacture. In general the, process of implementation in the Ukrainian legislation to the legislation European will partially solve these problems with a waste. Key words: municipal solid waste, waste management, legislative regulates, implementation.
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Suzuki, Kohei, and Hyesong Ha. "Municipal Merger and Local Democracy: An Assessment of the Merger of Japanese Municipalities." Lex localis - Journal of Local Self-Government 16, no. 4 (October 23, 2018): 759–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4335/16.4.759-784(2018).
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Municipal mergers have been widely used as a tool for administrative reform. The goal of most municipal mergers is to increase the efficiency of service provision, but their impact on local democracy has been neglected. In particular, little is known as to how mergers affect performance of local legislatures. In filling these gaps, this study uses a dataset of 754 Japanese city-level governments from 2008 to 2014 to examine how mergers influence legislative performance. After controlling for potential confounding factors, the analysis shows that municipal merger is negatively correlated to legislative performance.
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Buchwald, Eugeny, and Olga Valentik. "Municipal Strategies in Russia: New Conditions and New Challenges." Regionalnaya ekonomika. Yug Rossii, no. 1 (May 2020): 26–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/re.volsu.2020.1.3.
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The article aims to summarize new conditions and new challenges, which currently determine the possibility and even the need for substantial revitalization of the strategic management of the social and economic development of Russian municipalities.Five years of practice of implementing the provisions of the Federal Law no. 172 on trategic planning in the Russian Federation revealed a sufficiently large number of gaps in this legislative act, which currently need to be filled. However, the complexity of the situation cannot be reduced only to the initial mistakes made during the development and adoption of this legislative act. Much of the issues which need to be amended or supplemented in the law on strategic planning today is connected with new conditions and priorities of the social and economic development of the country, its regions and municipal territories. The mentioned above fully concerns the issue of the logical (in the legal and economic sense) completion of the “hierarchical relationship” of strategic planning through a more complete and clear legal regulation of the main forms and key functions of strategic planning at the municipal level of management. The solution of this problem is not limited only by the elimination of the dualism or uncertainty that is necessary for positioning municipal strategizing in the current version of the Federal Law no. 172. The point is that legal regulation should cover a lot of new phenomena of territorial organization of production, settlements (for example, megacities, agglomerations); identify the features of municipal management and strategizing in such specific “points” as towns and mono industry cities, particularly depressed settlements, intercity municipalities, etc. However, the necessity to achieve the coordination of positions on this wide range of issues between the legislation on strategic planning and the legislation on the general principles of the organization of local self-government in the Russian Federation is shown.
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Domingos, Fernando Deodato, and André Carlos Busanelli de Aquino. "The (unexerted) competencies of municipal legislative financial committees in Brazil." Revista de Administração Pública 53, no. 6 (December 2019): 1161–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0034-761220180441x.
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Resumo Este artigo analisa a atuação das comissões de orçamento e finanças das câmaras municipais no controle orçamentário. Tais comissões apoiariam os vereadores na análise, na avaliação e no controle de projetos de lei, emendas parlamentares e prestação de contas apresentados(as) pelas prefeituras ao longo de todas as fases do ciclo orçamentário. Baseado em um método indutivo de pequenas amostras, este estudo compara a atuação das comissões de orçamento e finanças de 3 câmaras municipais no mandato de 2013-2016. Constatou-se que tais comissões atuaram de modo cerimonial e passivo, emitindo pareceres superficiais. Os resultados indicam que a previsão regimental e a existência de recursos materiais e humanos não garantem o funcionamento dessas comissões. Os efeitos colaterais do governo de coalizão geram incentivos políticos para manter as comissões com atuação cerimonial. A frágil atuação das comissões legislativas no controle orçamentário se mostra um ponto crítico para qualquer pretensão de equilíbrio fiscal na Federação.
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Kohajda, Michael, and Jiri Moravec. "Judicial Review of Municipal Legislation on Hazard Games in the Czech Republic." Public Governance, Administration and Finances Law Review 4, no. 1 (June 30, 2019): 50–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.53116/pgaflr.2019.1.5.
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The aim of the article is to discover fundamental regulating legislative activities of municipalities in the field of hazard games. For several recent years there have been a lot of problematic cases relating to authorisations to carry on hazard games in the Czech towns and villages that have had to be decided by the Ministry of Finance and later by administrative courts and the Constitutional Court. Some of the decisions can be considered fundamental and very relevant for fundamental principles of municipal legislation making. The authors focus on elected court decisions with the aim to evaluate the practise of municipalities in the field.
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Rudnev, Rudnev. "Municipal services and peculiarities of regulating the process of their provision." LAPLAGE EM REVISTA 7, no. 1 (January 4, 2021): 208–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.24115/s2446-6220202171706p.208-220.
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Despite the great social importance of providing services to the population, solving this problem is complicated at present by difficulties associated with the lack of a unified methodology for managing services at the level of municipal entities, state social minimum standards, and also not fully resolved issues of delimiting powers and subjects of jurisdiction between the levels of government. It is necessary to understand that the provision of services to the local population, among other things, is the basis for the multiplicative development of the economy of a municipal entity. In modern conditions, there is a need to make some clarifications in the conceptual apparatus, highlighting the services provided to the population on the territory of a municipal entity ensuring the life of the local community. Currently, the legislation of the Russian Federation does not contain a clear definition of municipal functions, services, and works. The legislative acts regulating the basis for the provision of municipal services do not cover the entire range of actually provided services and are not coordinated with each other.
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Rich, Kevin T., and Jean X. Zhang. "Unfunded Public Pension Liabilities and Local Citizen Oversight." Accounting Horizons 29, no. 1 (September 1, 2014): 23–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/acch-50901.
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SYNOPSIS We examine whether unfunded public pension liabilities are associated with citizen oversight through legislative and electoral means in local governments. Our focus on municipal pension plans is timely and relevant, given the prevalence of underfunded pension plans and the GASB's recently issued statements on state and local pension reporting. Using a sample of 84 locally administered municipal defined benefit pension plans in 2009, we find evidence that the level of unfunded pension obligations is negatively associated with both provisions allowing direct citizen participation in the legislative process and electoral voter activism in the form of recent recall attempts. Overall, our empirical evidence is consistent with citizen oversight mechanisms playing an important role in the pension funding decisions of municipal governments. JEL Classifications: G34; H55; H72.
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Kmezić, Sanja, Jadranka Kaluđerović, Mijat Jocović, and Katarina Đulić. "Fiscal Decentralisation and Local Government Financing in Montenegro from 2002 to 2015." Lex localis - Journal of Local Self-Government 14, no. 3 (July 31, 2016): 431–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4335/14.3.431-450(2016).
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This article examines the fiscal decentralisation process and local government financing in Montenegro from 2002 to 2015 by focusing on the key legislative changes that occurred during the period under observation, as well as on the fiscal impact these changes and the economic crisis have had on municipal budgets. The analysis identifies two distinct phases of municipal financing in Montenegro. In the first phase (2003-2008), the Republic adopted legislation that strengthened the role and fiscal autonomy of local governments. During the second phase (2008-2015), several of the national government’s centralistic policies came into force. Together with the effects of the economic crisis, they deteriorated both local public finance and macroeconomic stability and hindered local economic development.
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Bumbalová, Monika. "ENTERPRISES WITH THE MUNICIPAL PROPERTY SHARE IN LEGAL DOCUMENTS ON THE NATIONAL AND LOCAL LEVEL." EU agrarian Law 2, no. 2 (December 1, 2013): 66–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/eual-2013-0009.
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Abstract Municipal enterprising in particular using of municipal property for entrepreneurial purposes is a phenomenon, which is widespread among Slovak municipalities as well as abroad. There are different purposes for what these enterprises are established e.g. agriculture, provision of all range of public services as well as other typical commercial activities. There are numerous issues connected with this phenomenon while legislative regulation is with no doubt one of those, which must be tackled among the firsts. The paper provides an analysis of different existing legal documents which have been adopted in Slovak condition and which have implication on regulation of municipal enterprising. The documents on national as well as on local level were the subject of the research while missing unified definition, very generally formulated regulations, usage of outdated legislation and lack of transparency were identified as the main issues which need to be addressed.
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Kramskoy, Vadim V. "The institution of term within the framework of a state (municipal) contract: concept, types, issues in their definition and calculation." Current Issues of the State and Law, no. 17 (2021): 99–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/2587-9340-2021-5-17-99-116.
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We consider the institution of term for the purposes of its use in the provisions of state (municipal) contracts concluded for the procurement of goods, works, services to meet state and municipal needs. The main purpose is to systematize the provisions of the legislation on the contractual system concerning legal regulation of setting terms within the framework of state (municipal) contracts and posing the problem of their inconsistent legal regulation, which negatively affects the process of positive law enforcement. At the same time, the research emphasis is made on identifying the differ-ences in the legislative approach to regulating the procedure for calculating certain types of terms within the framework of a state (municipal) contract. In particular, we analyze the selectivity in the issue of choosing the terms duration for the performance of legally significant actions depending on the status of the procurement participant, we investigate the issues of the expediency of using different terms’ measurement units, including within the same subinstitutions of the term, etc. We present our own ideas for optimizing legislation in this matter. The methodological basis of the research is made up of analysis and synthesis methods, formal legal, comparative legal methods, a pluralistic approach is taken to highlight the issues involved.
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McBride, Tony, and Alana Hulme. "Continuing Uncertainties for Victorian Municipal Public Health Plans." Australian Journal of Primary Health 6, no. 2 (2000): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py00014.
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This paper discusses the current state of play in Victorian municipal public health planning and practice. It questions whether a legislative vehicle is still appropriate to realise local government's potential to affect its populations' health. The paper draws on four recent studies focused on the metropolitan experience. The impact of the radical local government restructuring in the mid-1990s and Compulsory Competitive Tendering were evident in the overlapping findings. These included: increased legitimacy for planning; an ambivalent policy environment; inconsistent support within councils; a paradox about external collaboration; limited community participation; and confusion about models for municipal health planning. However, there was a complex tapestry of positive and negative stories, perspectives, capacities and public health practices, reflecting the sectors' inherent geographical and political diversity. The continuing constraints on effective practice suggest that a reliance on State government legislation as the driving force for councils' approach to public health might no longer be the most productive approach. Public health advocates within and across councils need to help councils develop their own local rationales for action. To support this, the State government should act to create a more supportive and consistent policy environment.
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Baker, Melvin. "Absentee Landlordism and Municipal Government in Nineteenth Century St. John's." Articles 15, no. 2 (September 25, 2013): 164–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1018621ar.
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This paper examines the influence of the leasehold system of land tenure on the structure of municipal government in 19th century St. Johns. This influence can be seen in the shaping of St. John's streets and physical growth, regulations governing building, property assessments levied to pay for local services, and even in the formation of municipal institutions themselves. It was also evident in the failures of the Newfoundland legislature and the St. John's Municipal Council to successfully tax the annual ground rents the predominantly British absentee landlords received from leasing their land in St. John's. These efforts to assess the ground rents of the absentees were motivated by the desire of local tenants to make them pay their share of municipal taxation. There was naturally bitter resentment in St. John's against the absentee landlords and their agents. Tenants were also angered by the value of land in the town which was constantly being raised without contribution from the absentees. This situation was of considerable significance in the development of St. John's, for the system of land tenure not only discouraged the imposition of property taxes but also worked against the establishment of municipal government. Consequently, St. John's municipal government in the 19th century differed from the more traditional route of local government that was followed, for instance, by Canadian cities such as Halifax or Toronto. In St. John's the Municipal Council, established in 1888, had control of the water supply, streets, sewers, parks, the fire brigade, and building regulations only, while the Newfoundland legislature retained responsibility over the city's other institutions and services. The history of the Municipal Council after 1888 was one of limited self-rule, characterized by inadequate administrative, legislative power, political interference from the government, and insufficient revenue.
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Baker, Melvin. "William Gilbert Gosling and the Establishment of Commission Government in St. John's, Newfoundland, 1914." Urban History Review 9, no. 3 (November 6, 2013): 35–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1019298ar.
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The St. John's commercial community took little interest in the administration of the Municipal Council from the city's incorporation in 1888 to 1913. Most prominent merchants were pressed for time because of their businesses; they preferred either to sit in the prestigious Legislative Council or, occasionally, to seek election to the House of Assembly. Under the terms of the 1888 Municipal Act, membership in these legislative bodies gave the merchants considerable control over the city's finances and management. The Municipal Council constantly experienced financial difficulties because of insufficient revenue for improvements. The aim of the civic reform movement organized in December, 1913, by William Gilbert Gosling, the President of the Board of Trade, was to devise means of obtaining additional revenue for municipal improvements. In effect, this meant increasing the property tax, a prospect the city's merchants were forced to accept to achieve an improved water supply for greater fire protection. The additional revenue was to be used also to provide better housing for the poor and to improve public health and sanitary conditions. Early in 1914 the Board of Trade was successful in having the elective council replaced by an appointed commission of businessmen. This commission was intended to administer the city for one year from July 1, 1914, re-organize the various municipal departments, and draft a new municipal charter that would give the council the revenue it required. Gosling's initiative set in motion the events that led to the charter of 1921, the basis of present-day municipal government in St. John's.
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Tajadura Tejada, Javier. "El futuro de las provincias y las diputaciones provinciales ante una reforma de la Constitución territorial." Teoría y Realidad Constitucional, no. 43 (May 23, 2019): 229. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/trc.43.2019.24409.
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Este artículo es una contribución al debate sobre la conveniencia o no de suprimir las diputaciones provinciales (de régimen común). El trabajo expone el origen y la evolución del régimen provincial en España, desde 1812, y examina después el marco constitucional vigente y su desarrollo legislativo. Con esas premisas se analiza el principal argumento para justificar el mantenimiento de las Diputaciones provinciales: el minifundismo municipal, y se confronta con la praxis de los últimos años. En este contexto se defiende la intermunicipalidad como respuesta más lógica y coherente (también en el Derecho comparado) a un mapa municipal excesivamente fragmentado y se propone la supresión de las diputaciones provinciales.This article is a contribution to the debate on whether or not to abolish provincial councils. The work exposes the origin and evolution of the provincial regime in Spain, since 1812, and then examines the current constitutional framework and its legislative development. With these premises is analyzed the main argument to justify the maintenance of provincial councils: municipal minifundismo, and is confronted with the praxis of recent years. In this context, intermunicipality is defended as the most logical and coherent response (also in comparative law) to an excessively fragmented municipal map and the suppression of provincial councils is proposed.
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Lichnerová, Ivana, and Eleonóra Marišová. "Public Services in Construction Sector and Waste Management in SR." EU agrarian Law 9, no. 2 (December 1, 2020): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/eual-2020-0010.
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Abstract The issue of public interest is regulated by the legislation of the Slovak Republic, which addresses services provided in the public interest in specific fields. One of these areas is also the provision of services in the construction sector, while these competencies were transferred by the Act no. 416/2001 Coll. from the state administration to self-government - municipalities and each municipality became a building authority. The problem, however, is that mostly small building offices have existential problems with the performance of this delegated competence, as the basis of their existence - financial resources for this competence- are insufficient. The way out of this unfavourable situation in this case could be the adoption of new legislation consisting of legally defined seats of joint building offices. When investigating the construction competencies of municipalities, we also encounter a solution for waste management (since it is also one of the competencies transferred to municipalities, but only partially). Municipalities are burdened by insufficient legislative specification of sorting biodegradable municipal waste from mixed municipal waste and subsequently an alternative in practice - waste sorting by citizens themselves. The population is dissatisfied with the amount of the fee for the collection and removal of municipal and small construction waste. In order to avoid paying fees for the storage of small construction waste, municipal residents export it to black dumps, which is in conflict with the EU and Slovak legislation in the field of waste management, whereas this type of waste can be the basic material for new, especially construction, materials.
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Jeong won-Sun. "A study about the allocation criteria of provincial and municipal legislative competences." Local Government Law Journal 18, no. 2 (June 2018): 132–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.21333/lglj.2018.18.2.005.
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Humbly, Tracy-Lynn. "Localising Environmental Governance: The Le Sueur Case." Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal/Potchefstroomse Elektroniese Regsblad 17, no. 4 (April 11, 2017): 1689. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2014/v17i4a2176.
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In the matter of Le Sueur v Ethekwini Municipality the KwaZulu-Natal High Court decided that municipalities had the power to legislate on environmental issues such as biodiversity and conservation. This note argues that the precedent established in this case is that municipalities have authority to legislate upon environmental matters as an incident of municipal planning, which is an original constitutional power. In contrast to both the judgment and recent commentary, it argues that the source of municipal legislative authority over municipal planning is not based in legislative assignment but in s 156(5) of the Constitution (the "incidental power" provision relevant to local government). This argument is based on understanding the distinction between original and assigned powers, and the nature of the control that the national and provincial spheres exercise over Schedule 4B powers. Notwithstanding this inaccuracy in the judgment, it is argued that the precedent is a welcome one that can be justified not only on the basis of the principle of subsidiarity but also in terms of the emerging and increasingly important theory of social-ecological resilience.
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Bozhilova, Mariam, Miglena Zhyanski, and Plamen Glogov. "Green roofs and green walls – legislative framework in Bulgaria." Silva Balcanica 21, no. 2 (October 6, 2020): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/silvabalcanica.21.e56916.
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In Bulgaria, public relations associated with spatial planning, investment design and construction are regu-lated by the Spatial Development Act (2001). According to article 62 (10) of this act, each Municipal Coun-cil adopts an Ordinance for the construction and protection of the green system on the territory of the municipality. There are 265 municipalities in Bulgaria and they are free to customise this ordinance as long as the goals and framework of the Spatial Development Act (2001) are maintained. The aim of this article is to review all Ordinances for the construction and protection of the green system available in Bulgaria and to analyse the included information and regulations regarding the construction of green roofs and green walls. The review of the ordinances showed that the construction of green roofs and green walls is not suf-ficiently addressed in the Bulgarian legislation at the municipal level. About 30.2% of the municipalities in the country do not have an Ordinance for development, maintenance and protection of the green system, 33.6% of the municipalities have such an ordinance but it does not mention green roofs and green walls and only 30.9% have an ordinance and it regulates the construction of green roofs and/or green walls.
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Kuchciak, Anna. "Gminna rada seniorów — znaczenie „głosu doświadczenia” w sprawach społeczności lokalnej." Studenckie Prace Prawnicze, Administratywistyczne i Ekonomiczne 22 (July 19, 2018): 107–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/1733-5779.22.9.
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MUNICIPAL COUNCIL OF SENIORS - THE ROLE OF " THE VOICE OF EXPERIENCE" IN THE MATTERS OF LOCAL COMMUNITIESUnder the Act dated 11 October 2013 amending the Act on Municipal Self- Government, the ability to create municipal councils of seniors was introduced. The considered amendment is one of the wide range of legislative changes resulting from the process of population aging. The article attempts to assess how this optional collective body, aimed primarily at the civic activation of the elderly people and identification of their needs, works in the structure of the basic unit of the territorial system.
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Polyakova, Irina, and Elena Vasilyeva. "Public-and-private partnership development under conditions of the imperfect legal regulation." E3S Web of Conferences 110 (2019): 02162. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911002162.
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The objective of this research is to consider some controversial issues of the development of public-and-private partnership (and concession agreements as its most common form) in Russia. Some complaints made by arising from Federal Antimonopoly Service of the Russian Federation to some infrastructure projects are reviewed. The authors studied dynamics of private investments into infrastructure projects in the conditions of imperfect legal regulation. The assessment of the validity of the position of Federal Antimonopoly Service is given. It is predicted whether the legislative collisions will prevent the growth of private investments into infrastructure. Recommendations on the development of the mechanism of public-and-private partnership with the observance of antimonopoly regulation, as well as recommendation on the improvement of the legislation in this area are developed. The results of the research can be used by both private participants of public-and-private partnership and the federal, regional and municipal authorities, and also by legislators working on the improvement of the legislative regulation in this area.
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Laštůvka, Igor, Tomáš Vítěz, Jan Chovanec, and Jan Mareček. "Zero Waste; Energy Recovery From Non-recyclable Mixed Municipal Waste." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 64, no. 1 (2016): 99–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201664010099.
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Zero Waste is a strategy offering waste management solutions for today’s businesses. The Zero Waste strategy has been created with the objective of stimulating sustainable utilisation of resources, production and consumption with the highest possible level of recycling of generated waste. Due to the fact that currently there is very little information and only few relevant data available as a base for the implementation of the Zero Waste strategy, waste management specialists approach and apply such a strategy in different manners. On the other hand, there are areas of waste management where such a strategy has already been applied on a long-term basis in spite of non-existing relevant legislative tools. Indicators determined in the Zero Waste strategy may be achieved only if the individual countries clearly define legislative environment and adopt a national Zero Waste strategy with achievable objectives unambiguously determined. The area of waste separation, or handling of fractions of waste non-utilisable as secondary materials after separation, is one of the areas directly connected to the Zero Waste strategy. The objective of this paper is the evaluation of the usage of fractions of waste non-utilisable as secondary materials for energy recovery, providing thus valuable knowledge and information for the implementation of the Zero Waste strategy.
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Rodina, Tatyana Yu. "THE OBSERVANCE OF OFFICIAL SECRECY IS A CONSTITUTIONAL DUTY OF EVERY OFFICIAL OF THE STATE." SCIENTIFIC REVIEW. SERIES 1. ECONOMICS AND LAW, no. 1 (2021): 146–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.26653/2076-4650-2021-1-13.
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This article analyzes the provisions of the Russian legislation regulating the restrictions of the constitutional right to information. It is shown that access to information is not personal, but of a state-civil nature, and therefore, while respecting the freedom of everyone to meet their information needs, it is necessary to observe the equality of subjects, ensuring an objective right to access information. This is impossible without the legislative consolidation of the duty of every state official to observe official secrets. In this connection, the author's definition of this legal institution is proposed, and the information regulated by this legal regime is indicated. Two new types of official secrets are also proposed: official civil secrets and official municipal secrets, which define the norms in which it is advisable to include these concepts. In this regard, it is necessary to make changes in the conceptual apparatus of federal laws regulating civil and municipal services.
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Grabova, Olga, Aleksandr Suglobov, and Anton Grabov. "The state and municipal financial control system and innovations in the Russian Federation." Russian Journal of Management 9, no. 1 (April 14, 2021): 31–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/2409-6024-2021-9-1-31-35.
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The subject under research of this article is the control and revision (audit) activities institutions in the budgetary sphere in modern conditions. The purpose of the research is to present the system and innovations structuring in the imperative subject-object sphere of control and revision (audit) sphere, as the main aspect of state and municipal organizations management. Research methods: general scientific methods, systemic and institutional analysis. This article summarizes the control and revision (audit) activities theoretical foundations; systematizes the modern institutional internal and external state structure and municipal financial control of the Russian Federation as well as innovations of internal state and municipal financial control, relatively to the legislative support.
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Mikheeva, T. N., and G. Sh Shabalin. "Improvement of Election Public Control Laws." Actual Problems of Russian Law 16, no. 3 (April 5, 2021): 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/1994-1471.2021.124.3.022-027.
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Civic control in the Russian Federation is gradually being introduced into many fields of activity of government authorities. At the same time, public control was tested in an area not covered by the legislation on public control-in the federal election campaign. We can talk about the emergence of a new electoral institute of civic observation that has been further implemented in the electoral process of constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The paper analyzes the legislative rule allowing participation of public observers in the above-mentioned election campaigns, examines differences in the legal regulation exercised by different constituent entities. The study showed a minor role of the civic control in terms of municipal elections and the authority of the participants of civic control provided for in municipalities. Municipal civic chambers and public councils are deprived of the legal mechanism of direct participation in electoral observation. In this regard, the authors propose to improve the legislation in terms of expanding the powers of the participants of civic control of municipalities in the electoral field. The findings of the study are practical, as their implementation greatly increases civil society’s resource at the local level for providing public observation of elections.
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Bondarenko, O. "MUNICIPAL SELF-GOVERNMENT OF DNIPRO UKRAINE OF THE LAST QUARTER OF 18th – EARLY 20th CENTURY IN THE HISTORICAL DISCOURSE OF THE EMPIRE ERA." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. History, no. 145 (2020): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2640.2020.145.3.
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The extent of scientific development of the history of municipal self-government in Dnipro Ukraine of the last quarter of the 18th – early 20th century has been analyzed. An essential condition for the establishment of civil society in Ukraine is effective local self-government. Municipal self-government plays a key role as one of its subjects in today's urban world. It has been determined that the historiography of this problem is represented by a considerable historiographic massif. During the imperial era, many scientific and popular educational works of local, reference and historical, and journalistic nature were accumulated. They presented the problems of the history of municipal self-government with different levels of completeness. It was found out that in the centre of attention of scientists, first of all historians and jurists, were various issues of history of creation, formation and activity of municipal self-government, reasons of changes of legislative acts concerning self-governing institutions, relations of municipal government with state authorities, the main of which were in the sphere of power distribution. It was found that a specific feature of the first chronological stage was the dominance of the formal legal approach and a constricted source base of research. That did not allow authors to go beyond comments and descriptions of legislative acts. A characteristic feature of the research approach of the authors of works on the history of municipal self-government of the second and third stages is, firstly, the predominance of legal and specific-historical approaches to the coverage of the topic. Secondly, there was certain ambiguity and fuzziness of conceptual and categorical apparatus which conditioned insufficient depth of theoretical analysis of the problem. At the same time, scholars of the imperial era laid a solid scientific foundation for the study of this institution by modern authors.
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Gutorova, Alla. "The status of a Deputy in the system of the state and municipal positions." Vestnik of the St. Petersburg University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia 2021, no. 1 (April 9, 2021): 54–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.35750/2071-8284-2021-1-54-60.
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The article defines the constitutional and legal status of deputies in relation to the system of the state and municipal positions. The Deputy’s mandate gives a Deputy the opportunity to act as a representative of the people, as well as a representative of the authorities. Accordingly, within the framework of constitutional and legal regulation, it is necessary to analyze and compare the term «position» with such terms as «post», «institution» and «deputy position». In the article, the author used formal-legal and comparative methods, which allowed revealing the differences in these terms, disadvantages in the constitutional legal regulation of the position of Deputy in
the system of the state positions. As a consequence of the analysis, the author comes to the conclusion that the terms «deputy position», «post», «institution» are identical. Also the author identifies the differences in the terms such as « position of Deputy» and «deputy position». As a result of the election, the candidate gets the position of Deputy, which, in its turn, gives him the opportunity to be elected to the deputy position. At the same time it is not legislatively defined the place of a member of the Federation Council, Deputy of the State Duma, Deputy of the Supreme body of the Executive or Legislature of the Federation’s subject in the system of the public
posts. It is necessary to reorganize the internal structure of the legislative authorities to exclude «superior positions» as much as possible, thereby guaranteeing the equality of deputies’ status. However, at the constituent entities, deputies should have the opportunity to influence on the formation of the Executive bodies of the subject of the Russian Federation.
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Balcerek-Kosiarz, Marta. "Nowy kierunek badań ewolucji modeli samorządu terytorialnego w Niemczech z perspektywy procesu komunalizacji i dekomunalizacji." Polityka i Społeczeństwo 18, no. 2 (2020): 91–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.15584/polispol.2020.2.7.
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The aim of the article is to indicate a new direction of research on the evolution of system models of local self-government in Germany in the perspective of communalization and de-communalization. Communalization can be used to explain legal regulations of a local government, which are similar to the South German model and, on the other hand, to explain how analogous regulations that strengthen the role of the legislative body, both in the municipal self-government and in the county self-government, function in the same federal states. De-communalization enables to investigate the role of starosta (Starost) in the organizational structure of county self-government. The core result of the study is the fact that on the basis of the three research criteria (geographic, historic, and the range of relations between legislative and executive bodies) the process of communalization of municipal self-governments and county self-governments in 11 federal states has been duly corroborated.
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Nadeau, Gaston. "Les limitations à la liberté de manifestation et d'association." Les Cahiers de droit 19, no. 4 (April 12, 2005): 1001–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/042283ar.
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The Charter of Human Rights and Freedoms passed by the Legislature of Québec in 1975 suffers from major restrictions as to its scope. First, it is purely declaratory of existing freedoms, and does not purport to create new ones ; the Charter therefore only prevails on provincial statutes passed after it, and provided that such later acts do not specifically exclude the application of the Charter. Second, the Charter only applies to matters coming within provincial legislative power. Drawing the boundaries of any specific freedom therefore requires identification of the restrictions set upon it by both provincial legislation and federal jurisdiction. This paper attempts such a dedication of the fundamental rights of association and demonstration, set out in s. 3 of the Charter. Among matters coming within federal jurisdiction, the Criminal Code and the concept of national security are the main limitations on free association and demonstration. Provincial law on labour relations, trespass and private nuisance, the preservation of private property, and municipal regulation of nuisances, impose equally severe limitations.
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Soltes, Viktor, Jozef Kubas, Andrej Velas, and David Michalík. "Occupational Safety of Municipal Police Officers: Assessing the Vulnerability and Riskiness of Police Officers’ Work." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 11 (May 24, 2021): 5605. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18115605.
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The municipal police agencies increase the safety of a municipality’s citizens and thus increase their quality of life. When performing interventions, municipal police officers may endanger their safety and health. This paper deals with the analysis of the riskiness of municipal police officers working in the Slovak Republic and the Czech Republic from 2004 to 2019 and the assessment of their occupational safety. The risk analysis was carried out on the basis of a risk matrix and calculations of the probability of attack and injury to municipal police officers. Using the Pearson correlation coefficient, the dependence between the selected variables was investigated. The reliability of this dependence was examined by the determination coefficient. The main result of the paper is the determination of the riskiness category of municipal police officer work based on the assessment of the occupational health protection of officers through statistical indicators of their activities and risk matrix. The results will serve as part of the explanatory memorandum for the proposal of legislative changes in order to increase the occupational health protection of municipal police officers.
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SHEVTSOVA, A. Yu, S. S. SHEVTSOV, and P. S. Sherbachenko. "MANAGEMENT OF EXTRA-BUDGETARY ACTIVITIES OF STATE (MUNICIPAL) SPORTS AND LEISURE INSTITUTIONS ON THE BASIS OF PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP." EKONOMIKA I UPRAVLENIE: PROBLEMY, RESHENIYA 1, no. 6 (2020): 47–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.36871/ek.up.p.r.2020.06.01.008.
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Practical legislative activity in the application of Public-private partnership is based on the principles of scale for the subjects of implementation, the scope of work or services, geographical and political and economic characteristics. Currently, there is an experience of successful implementation of projects of regional, Federal and international importance. In the conditions of the applied practice, certain elements of the imperfect legislative mechanism were revealed, which subsequently underwent regulatory and legal revision. Methodical recommendations, expert opinions at the places of execution of the project stages, which have become fundamental in the adoption of certain legislative initiatives by the Executive authorities, have been developed. The principle of priority consolidates the attention of lawmakers to strategically important projects for the state, highlighting no less important areas of social activity in the field-municipalities (territorial Executive authorities), also in need of intellectual support of management tools.
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Paskalev, Atanas, and Galina Dimova. "A legislative initiative for the protection of Black Sea water from industrial indirect discharges." Water Science and Technology 32, no. 7 (October 1, 1995): 175–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1995.0227.
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The legislative initiative is an attempt for elaboration of a programme for control of the industrial wastewaters before their discharge into the sewerage. A short review of the existing Bulgarian legislation related to the ecological problems of the Black Sea is presented. The main problems obstructing the practical implementation of the laws and the regulations are analysed. In outlining the approach for control of the industrial discharges, special attention is paid to the necessity of theoretically sound and economically substantiated limits on the discharged wastewaters, extension of the regional authorities' activities on pollution control and involving the municipal Waste Water Treatment Plants (WWTPs) in the wastewater treatment management. The paper gives directions for the future development of a Black Sea Environmental policy, related to industrial indirect discharges at international, state and regional levels.
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Севальнев, Вячеслав, and Vyacheslav Sevalnev. "THE LEGISLATION IN THE SPHERE OF COUNTERACTION OF CORRUPTION: RUSSIA AND CHINA (COMPARATIVE LEGAL ASPECT)." Journal of Foreign Legislation and Comparative Law 3, no. 3 (July 10, 2017): 93–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_593fc343c6e286.74734563.
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The article considers the actual issues of combating corruption in the Russian Federation and People’s Republic of China. The author conducts a comparative analysis of legislation in the sphere of anti-corruption in Russia and China. The study identified the main approaches in combating corruption in both countries. The author proposes a periodization of the process of formation of anti-corruption legislation in both countries. The author distinguishes three main stages in the development of Russian legislation in the anti-corruption sphere and four stages in the development of similar legislation in China. On the basis of the conducted analysis the author concludes that the anti-corruption legislation of Russia and China, mostly already formed, however, within the legal framework of China, unlike Russia, has not yet been adopted the basic anti-corruption legislative act. The author also notes that in China in anti-corruption legislation widely use a subordinate rule-making and regulations of innerparty character, which can be attributed to regulations at national level, in Russia anti-corruption legislation is divided into the Federal normative legal acts, laws and other normative legal acts of bodies of constituent entities of the Russian Federation and municipal legal acts. The author also notes that PRC authorities in addition to legislative procedures widely use the program to search and return “runaway” officials. This approach is really interesting for the relevant Russian bodies, such as the Federal financial monitoring service and requires further scientific understanding to explore the possibility of using in Russian legal space and law enforcement.
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Masterman, Roger. "Taking the Strasbourg Jurisprudence into Account: Developing a ‘Municipal Law of Human Rights’ under the Human Rights Act." International and Comparative Law Quarterly 54, no. 4 (October 2005): 907–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iclq/lei042.
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Questions surrounding the legitimate extent of the judicial role have long been the source of controversy. Concerns that unelected and unrepresentative judges are ‘legislating’ rather than interpreting the law or are interfering in matters of ‘democratically endorsed’ government policy, have often been, and will continue to be, raised by academics and politicians alike. The question is one of separation of power— of the appropriate constitutional role and division of functions between the executive, judicial, and legislative branches of the United Kingdom Government. This debate has been given a new dimension by the Human Rights Act 1998 (hereafter HRA), most obviously through the courts' exercise of their power under section 3(1) of that Act—the duty to interpret primary and secondary legislation to be, as far as possible, compatible with ‘the Convention rights’. Indeed much has been made of the unique method by which the HRA reconciles the interpretative obligation under section 3(1) with the sovereignty of Parliament by way of the ‘declaration of incompatibility’ under section 4. The doctrine of parliamentary sovereignty imposes limits on the scope of section 3(1); in spite of its ‘broad and malleable’ language, which might permit ‘an interpretation which linguistically may appear strained’, it does not sanction courts to act as legislators. As Lord Nicholls of Birkenhead noted in Re S; Re W, attributing to a statutory provision ‘a meaning which departs substantially from a fundamental feature of an Act of Parliament is likely to have crossed the boundary between interpretation and amendment’. That case has been seen by some as a retreat from what has been termed the ‘far-fetched’ interpretation of section 3(1) adopted by the House of Lords in the earlier decision of R v A. Nicol, for one, has argued that Re S; Re W and Anderson taken together, clearly reject ‘the notion that “interpretations” could conflict with clear statutory words' — as R v A had arguably suggested — thereby endorsing parliamentary sovereignty, above the Convention, ‘as the country's supreme constitutional doctrine’. For it to retain its legitimacy therefore, the judicial act under section 3(1) needs to remain an exercise of ‘interpretation’: to attribute a meaning to a legislative provision ‘quite different from that which Parliament intended … would go well beyond any interpretative process sanctioned by section 3 of the 1998 Act’. It would ‘not be judicial interpretation but judicial vandalism’.
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Bartlett, J., and E. Killilea. "The characterisation, treatment and sustainable reuse of biosolids in Ireland." Water Science and Technology 44, no. 10 (November 1, 2001): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2001.0574.
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Ireland is an island country on the western boundary of the European Union. A suite of environmental legislation over the last decade has combined to increase the amount of municipal sludge for treatment fourfold, while, simultaneously, eliminating traditional disposal methods. The Irish Government has instituted a comprehensive programme of policy development, infrastructure provision and drafting of “codes of good practice” to meet these environmental and legislative challenges. As the programme has developed, it has become clear that the sludge/biosolids issue shares many of the philosophical and logistical elements of other environmental issues that are developing apace in Ireland, including municipal waste management, agricultural waste management and overall integrated development. In many ways, it represents a model of the ultimate “sustainable development” issue. To provide specific data for decision making and policy/infrastructure/technology development, the Irish Government has funded a US$600k programme of research in The Characterisation, Treatment and Sustainable Reuse of Biosolids. The design philosophy of the programme is a “cradle-to-grave” approach, in order to integrate the outcomes of specialised research studies into an overall sustainable development model.
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Dzhigo, Aleksandr A., and Elena I. Kozlova. "Legislative Matters of the Legal Deposit System Improvement in the Russian Federation." Bibliotekovedenie [Library and Information Science (Russia)], no. 2 (April 18, 2011): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.25281/0869-608x-2011-0-2-13-18.
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The authors highlight the matters of legislation improving in the field of library science: clarify standards and requirements of the printed materials acquisition of the Russian Federation’s constituent territory and municipal entities, determinate their types and the number of copies for the delivery in different levels of the national collection. Analyze the challenge of the legal deposit collection development perspectives for the digital network resources. Consider some proposals to amend the Federal Law “On Legal Deposit”
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Kozhevnikov, O. "Constitutional and legal aspects of the execution of the constituent entities’ powers in the field of legislation on administrative offences." Law Enforcement Review 2, no. 3 (December 25, 2018): 43–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.24147/2542-1514.2018.2(3).43-51.
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The subject of the paper is constituent entities’ powers in federative state concerning the establishment of the administrative responsibility for breach regional and municipal rules.The purpose of the paper is to justify the need for new approaches to the delimitation of the constituent entities’ jurisdiction in the field of legislation on administrative offences, up to the allocation of administrative-tort legislation in the exclusive jurisdiction of the Federation.The methodology. General and special scientific methods of cognition were applied: systemic, comparative legal, formal logical. The analysis of legislative and law-enforcement practice of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, the legal decisions of the Con-stitutional Court of the Russian Federation, is also used.The main results and scope of their application. The constituent entities of the Russian Federation, making legal acts in the field of legislation on administrative offenses, are not always properly take into account the boundaries of their competence in the field of establishment of administrative responsibility for committing administrative offences for breach regional and municipal rules. The compliance of such constituent entities’ authority to es-tablish this type of responsibility with the provisions of art. 19 and 55 of the Russian Con-stitution is very debatable issue. Although Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation in its decisions confirms the constitutional empowerment of the constituent entities with the authority to establish in its laws the administrative responsibility for violation regional and municipal rules, such decisions are controversial. It may be useful to consolidate adminis-trative and tort law in the exclusive jurisdiction of the Russian Federation.Conclusion. The provisions of Federal legislation that let constituent entities of the Russian Federation to establish administrative responsibility for administrative offenses are not fully comply with the constitutional provisions, despite the opinion of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation.
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Chamlin, Mitchell B., and Andrea E. Krajewski. "Are Alternative Sources of Official Crime Data Interchangeable? A Note on Inter-Agency Consistency." Criminal Justice Policy Review 27, no. 8 (July 25, 2016): 751–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0887403414553447.
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The purpose of this study is to determine whether the decision to use one source of official data in lieu of another affects the assessment of social policy on crime. Specifically, we examine the effect of the implementation of stand your ground legislation on state and municipal compilations of residential and non-residential burglaries known to the police within a large, Midwestern city. The interrupted time series analyses of the state agency data reveal that the castle doctrine legislation led to a temporary decline in residential burglaries, but had no effect on non-residential burglaries. In contrast, our analyses of the city agency data indicate that this legislative initiative had no effect on residential burglaries, but did generate a permanent, monthly increase in the number of non-residential burglaries. The implications of these findings for the use of official crime statistics are discussed.
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KUBOTA, Kazuya, Satoshi HOSHINO, Yasuaki KUKI, and Shizuka HASHIMOTO. "Roles of and Interactions among Stakeholder Groups in the Legislative Process of Municipal Ordinance." JOURNAL OF RURAL PLANNING ASSOCIATION 28, Special_Issue (2010): 291–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2750/arp.28.291.
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Sever, Brion, and Ronald L. Reisner. "Racial composition of municipal legislative governing bodies and spending on public assistance and police." Justice Professional 14, no. 1 (March 2001): 19–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1478601x.2001.9959608.
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Gómez Requejo, María. "Normativa de protocolo en el ámbito local: análisis del “Reglamento de Protocolo, honores, distinciones y ceremonial” del ayuntamiento de Tomelloso | Protocol rules at the local level: analysis of the “Local law of protocol, honors, distinctions and ceremonial” of Tomelloso city council." REVISTA ESTUDIOS INSTITUCIONALES 6, no. 11 (December 10, 2019): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/eeii.vol.6.n.11.2019.25595.
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Los ayuntamientos están ejerciendo su potestad normativa en el ámbito del protocolo. La forma en que lo hacen debería cumplir con los criterios de técnica legislativa en su aspecto formal e incluir, en su contenido, conceptos y criterios protocolarios desarrollados por la doctrina y la práctica protocolaria. En este sentido deberían tener cabida en la normativa local de protocolo tanto la descripción y uso de los símbolos municipales, como el reconocimiento del rango de sus autoridades y la ordenación de la secuencia tanto de los actos oficiales como de aquellos tradicionales que les son propios._____________________Town councils are exercising their regulatory power in the field of protocol. The way in which they do it should comply with the criteria of legislative technique in its formal aspect and include, in its content, concepts and protocol criteria developed by the doctrine and the formal practice. In this sense, the local protocol regulations should include both the description and use of municipal symbols, as well as the recognition of the rank of their authorities and the ordering of the sequence of official events as well as those of their traditional ones.
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Bobrovska, Olena, and Pavlo Frolov. "Development of the corporate sector of the economy: state and directions of development in public administration." Public administration aspects 8, no. 6 (December 30, 2020): 151–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/1520114.
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The historical way of development of the corporate way of social activity as a practical need of socialization of human work and voluntary association of people for realization of joint economic affairs is considered. It is emphasized that theoretical research and well-founded legislative support for the development of corporate governance appeared later, although their directions continue to deepen. It is noted that corporatism has been actively used in foreign countries in recent years. It is noted that in modern Ukraine the corporatization of activity is concentrated in the public sector of the economy, mainly in public joint stock companies, although the efficiency of their activities does not meet expectations. It is emphasized that there is a need to strengthen state control over the development of the corporate sector of the state, increase accountability for compliance with legislation and find further ways to develop the corporate sector, which has proven its effectiveness in foreign countries. The research is aimed at finding new opportunities for the application of this method of management in the municipal sector of the economy - local communities. It is noted that the corporate organization of economic activity at the present stage is under the influence of transformational changes in society, when there is an integration of different forms of ownership. The characteristics of municipalities as natural corporations are given. The directions of legislative and normative support of formation and use of corporate way of management in the organizational and legal form - municipal corporations taking into account the form and components of communal property, and also features of corporate rights of inhabitants of territorial communities are substantiated. The tendencies and directions of development of the corporate way of managing in territorial communities are considered, the factors are defined and the measures which will promote development of the corporate sector of municipal economy and institutionalization of corporate management at this level are offered.
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Mirra, Antonio Pedro, and Adriana Pereira de Carvalho. "The importance of legislative measures on tobacco control in Brazil." Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira 63, no. 10 (October 2017): 917–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1806-9282.63.10.917.
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Summary Introduction: In the tobacco control program, educational, socioeconomic, ecological and legislative actions should be planned. Legislative actions should include the federal, state and municipal spheres, have a primarily preventive purpose and federal reach. Objective: Survey of bills presented in both legislative houses at federal level, House of Representatives and Senate (which together form the National Congress) and the resulting laws. Method: In the period from 1965 to 2015, 254 bills were filed with the House of Representatives and, from 1971 to 2015, 68 others were presented to the Senate. Results: In the House of Representatives, of the 254 bills, 68.9% were archived/rejected/returned, 14.9% did not have a result, 12.2% are currently being processed/analyzed by commissions, 2.0% refer to the inclusion of amendments/law annexes, 1.2% were transformed into legal norm/proposition of origin and 0.8% were transformed into laws. In the Senate, of the 68 bills, 19.1% were filed, 33.8% did not have a result, 4.4% were currently being processed, and 42.7% referred to changes in the law. Anti--tobacco actions were more prevalent in the periods 1979-1984 by the AMB, 1985-2007 by MS/INCA, and in 2008-2015 by the ACT. Conclusion: Tobacco control legislation has progressed constantly, with the provocation of legislators from both Houses triggered by the MS/INCA and civil entities committed to smoking control, such as a number of non-governmental organizations (especially the AMB and the ACT).