Relevant bibliographies by topics / Municipal solid wastes

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Municipal solid wastes'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 31 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Municipal solid wastes"

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Ongia, Joel Owiny, Loy Turyabanawe, Bernard Barasa, Andrew Mulabbi, and Gertrude Akello. "Factors and Constraints Hindering Effective Municipal Solid Waste Management Systems in Sub-Saharan Africa: Case Study of Northern Uganda." International Journal of Advanced Research 3, no. 1 (2021): 130–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.37284/ijar.3.1.431.

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In developing countries, little information is available about solid-waste characteristics, determinants for adoption and performance-evaluation of municipal-waste management systems in Municipals. This study aimed: to characterize the municipal solid-wastes, collection, dumping and evaluate the efficiency and reliability of Municipal solid-waste management system. A total of 200 households were randomly sampled and interviewed. Data was analysed using Binary-Logistic Regression model to determine factors influencing collection and dumping of solid wastes. Results showed that biodegradable/organic wastes comprise a major fraction of solid-wastes produced. Factors that influenced solid-waste collection and dumping included: household-age, unavailability of solid-waste containers, inadequate collection/dumping space and weak legal-enforcement against poor-dumping. The waste system is constrained by inadequate transport facilities, inadequate space for temporal dumping; and lack of legal enforcement in matters of solid-waste poor handling. These have made the systems ineffective and unreliable. This study recommends involvement of all stakeholders in innovative approaches to uphold sustainable municipal sanity.
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Al-Ameen, Jathwa Abd ALKareem, and Mustafa Akeel Al-Hamdany. "Babylon Governorate Municipal Solid Waste Generation Rate." Journal of Engineering 24, no. 9 (2018): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.31026/j.eng.2018.09.05.

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Municipal solid waste generation in Babylon Governorate is often affected by changes in lifestyles, population growth, social and cultural habits and improved economic conditions. This effect will make it difficult to plan and draw up future plans for solid waste management.
 In this study, municipal solid waste was divided into residential and commercial solid wastes. Residential solid wastes were represented by household wastes, while commercial solid wastes included commercial, institutional and municipal services wastes.
 For residential solid wastes, the relational stratified random sampling was implemented, that is the total population should be divided into clusters (socio-income level), a random sample was taken in each level in its proportion to the total population. According to the obtained results of the primary survey of 5% standard error and 99% confidence interval, held in Babylon Governorate, the best sample size was 44. Samples were taken as a daily collection for 10 days, this process was repeated for four different periods to cover the change in the waste generation between summer and winter season. The study showed that Babylon Governorate has an average residential solid wastes generation rate of 0.587 kg per capita per day.
 If the quantities of commercial solid waste were to be added; solid waste generation rate reaches 0.802 kg per capita per day as a 36.6 % increase. The research adopts the value of 0.802 kg/capita. day as a waste generation rate for Babylon Governorate.
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Paramonova, Oksana, Vadim Bespalov, Oksana Gurova, and Natalya Krivtsova. "Physical and energetic approach to providing solid wastes handling system with environmental safety." MATEC Web of Conferences 170 (2018): 04014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201817004014.

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Implementation features of the principal directions of municipal solid wastes handling system activity (territorial, climatic, economical and others) have stipulated the development of different concepts regarding to urban territories wastes handling, the most known of which are: Complex Waste Management, European Waste Management system (German dual system); «Zero Waste» concept. Each of the above mentioned concepts have got both advantages and disadvantages from ecological, economical, social, technological and organizational and legal points of view. From a perspective of the urban infrastructure environmental safety, an ecological aspect is the most interesting. That is why a new approach is being studied based on the principal points of the Theory of disperse systems sustainability which is called Physical and Energetic Description Concept of the Processes of Environmental Pollution and Restriction of Environmental Pollution with Municipal Solid Wastes. On the basis of the analysis of the municipal solid wastes handling concepts applied in the world and using the principal points of the theory of dispersed system sustainability, the results of the initial stage of the research regarding to studying and classifying municipal solid wastes properties parameters, their energetic parameters and sustainability have been represented by the authors. Herewith, the municipal solid wastes sustainability is considered as a resulting criterion characterizing municipal solid wastes behavior in the environment and allowing to control their behavior with the purpose of sustainability restriction and as a result decreasing the environmental pollution.
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Baynosa, Marjorie, Gladys Anne Bondoc, Leandro Angelo Miguel Sanchez, and Analiza Rollon. "Methane Generation via Two-Phase Anaerobic Digestion of Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Wastes." Advanced Materials Research 1051 (October 2014): 317–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1051.317.

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The performance of a small-scale two-phase anaerobic digestion system which processes municipal solid wastes, i.e. vegetable and fruit wastes, was evaluated at mesophilic conditions. An anaerobic digester which required 5 L of fresh cow manure, 5 L of solid waste feed, 5 L each of leachate from the solid waste, and 1 L of anaerobic seeding had been constructed. The volume of the feed solids after digestion has significantly reduced after the operation. The total accumulated methane for a solids retention time (SRT) of 20 days contained useful heat energy amounting to 330.27 KJ.
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Ngohayon, J. M., and J. Tulagan. "Analysis and Characterization of Municipal Solid Wastes Generated in a Community in the Northern Philippines." Nature Environment and Pollution Technology 21, no. 5(Suppl) (2022): 2291–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.46488/nept.2022.v21i05.024.

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The residential community of Potia in the Northern Philippines experiences various problems arising from mismanaged municipal solid waste. Hence, a waste analysis and characterization study on the generated municipal solid wastes was conducted to determine the municipal solid waste generation data which can be used for planning and formulation of potential solutions. For three consecutive days, the generated municipal solid wastes were gathered from the sample which included residential sources, commercial sources (food establishments, service centers, general stores, and markets), industrial sources, and institutional sources (institutions and health units). The total generated municipal solid waste in Potia is about 508.30 kg.day-1 of which most were contributed by the residential sources (70.59%), followed by commercial (25.09%), industrial (2.64%), and institutional (1.70%). The overall composition of the generated MSW is also dominated by biodegradable waste (76.90%), followed by residual waste (14.66%), recyclable waste (7.35%), and special waste (1.08%). The total volume of daily generated MSW is about 3.37 m3.day-1.
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Niu, Ling Juan, and Na Na Zhao. "Recycling Business of Municipal Solid Wastes in China." Advanced Materials Research 878 (January 2014): 504–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.878.504.

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Municipal solid waste is a big problem in China. Separating and collecting recyclables from municipal solid wastes is a key approach for resolving waste problems and promoting circular economy. The current collection and recycling of recyclables from municipal solid waste is reviewed for better perspective. The material and value stream are summarized for understanding the potential direction of waste and recyclables. The stakeholder for recyclables collection and recycling is identified and their roles are analyzed. Situation of recycling enterprises is introduced. Finally, some comments for promoting recycling industry development are made for reference.
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Yang, Y. B., J. Goodfellow, D. Warzd, S. Gan, J. Swithenbank, and V. Nasserzadeh. "Cutting Wastes from Municipal Solid Waste Incinerator Plants." Process Safety and Environmental Protection 81, no. 3 (2003): 143–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1205/095758203765639843.

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Sadov, V. V., and N. I. Kapustin. "SOLUTIONS ON INTEGRATED DISPOSAL OF MANURE AND MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTES." Vestnik Altajskogo gosudarstvennogo agrarnogo universiteta, no. 10 (2021): 111–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.53083/1996-4277-2021-204-10-111-116.

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Environmental issues around the world have become more acute in recent years. This is due to a significant in-crease in industrial wastes from various industries and waste of the population called municipal solid wastes. Re-cently, more attention has been paid to waste disposal issues, but still not enough. The main waste in animal hus-bandry is manure, and in population centers –municipal solid waste. The separation of manure and solid wastes into fractions not only increases the efficiency of using the area, but also leads to decreased transportation costs. The study of the wastes issue in the Altai Region has shown that there is a significant amount of unused manure as organic fertilizers and significant volumes of municipal solid wastes. The existing manure disposal technology provides for the removal of manure to the field or temporary storage on the farm that causes area contamination. There are various ways of organic waste disposal: thermal, biological, chemical, electrophysical, and mechanical ones, as well as their combinations. To solve this problem, an integrated approach is advisable -the use of the adhesive properties of cattle manure to bind municipal solid wastes and making briquettes from the resulting mixture. This method allows solving the ecologic problem both on the farm and near population centers. The results of the conducted experi-ments allow making conclusion that the fuel briquettes ob-tained in this way retain their shape and, in a dried state, support combustion. The technology of separating manure into fractions will significantly simplify the disposal of solid and liquid fractions.
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Akunna, J. C., Y. A. Abdullahi, and N. A. Stewart. "Anaerobic digestion of municipal solid wastes containing variable proportions of waste types." Water Science and Technology 56, no. 8 (2007): 143–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2007.725.

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In many parts of the world there are significant seasonal variations in the production of the main organic wastes, food and green wastes. These waste types display significant differences in their biodegradation rates. This study investigated the options for ensuring process stability during the start up and operation of thermophilic high-solids anaerobic digestion of feedstock composed of varying proportions of food and green wastes. The results show that high seed sludge to feedstock ratio (or low waste loading rate) is necessary for ensuring process pH stability without chemical addition. It was also found that the proportion of green wastes in the feedstock can be used to regulate process pH, particularly when operating at high waste loading rates (or low seed sludge to feedstock ratios). The need for chemical pH correction during start-up and digestion operation decreased with increase in green wastes content of the feedstock. Food wastes were found to be more readily biodegradable leading to higher solids reduction while green wastes brought about pH stability and higher digestate solid content. Combining both waste types in various proportions brought about feedstock with varying buffering capacity and digestion performance. Thus, careful selection of feedstock composition can minimise the need for chemical pH regulation as well as reducing the cost for digestate dewatering for final disposal.
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Gokkurt Baki, Oylum, and Osman Nuri ERGUN. "Municipal Solid Waste Management: Circular Economy Evaluation in Turkey." Environmental Management and Sustainable Development 10, no. 2 (2021): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/emsd.v10i2.18448.

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With the increase in environmental negativities according to wastes, priority has been given to sustainable practices and thus the circular economy (CE), that is, the recycling of wastes to the economy, and related zero waste practices have gained priority in Turkey.Turkey produced 32.2 million tonnes of waste overall per year and it means that waste per capita is approximately 1.16 kg per day and also the average recycling rate of all waste in Turkey is 12.3% according to 2018 records of TurkStat. According to these data, 20.24% of the wastes are sent to the municipal garbage disposals, 67.20% is disposed of by the regular storage method and 38% is recycled by composting. Also, according to the 2016 data, wild storage in Turkey continues at 27%.In the present study, the relationships between the yearly population growth, the increase in waste and in disposal facilities, and in the number of waste disposal facilities were examined and some relevant evaluations were made for the coming years. The projections were calculated using the data of Turkey in the coming years, the amount of waste, the amount of recycled waste, and the number of facilities. The recommendations were presented and emphasis was made for the requirements of the application of circular economy in Turkey. As a result, the analysis results obtained showed that the increases in the amount of waste will increase both the amount of waste and the areas where the waste will be disposed of and will create serious problems in the future. A sustainable waste management system and circular economy practices require that recyclable wastes be collected separately at the source, and the recycling process is carried out in a planned structure and if possible, no waste is generated. Collecting wastes separately at the source and public participation and awareness-raising in the zero-waste process is a must for the success of this process.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Municipal solid wastes"

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Lu, Wenliang Sibley Jeffrey Lynn. "Utilization of municipal solid waste compost in horticulture." Auburn, Ala., 2008. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/EtdRoot/2008/SPRING/Horticulture/Dissertation/Lu_Wenliang_10.pdf.

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Wong, Tse-ki Kinny. "Optimal design of municipal solid waste recycling system in Hong Kong /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B21301487.

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SIMOES, GUSTAVO FERREIRA. "MODEL FOR EVALUATION OF SETTLEMENTS OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTES." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2000. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=2036@1.

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CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO<br>Esta tese apresenta um novo modelo para a avaliação de recalques em aterros de disposição de resíduos sólidos urbanos. Trata-se de um modelo unidimensional, onde os recalques resultam da ação de duas componentes, uma mecânica e outra biológica, que permite a avaliação da evolução das variações de volume do aterro com o tempo. A componente mecânica é caracterizada por um recalque imediato, causado pela redução da macroporosidade e pela drenagem de líquidos e gases presentes na massa de resíduos no instante da disposição devido à ação das cargas aplicadas, e por uma componente de longo prazo, originada pela deformação lenta da estrutura dos resíduos. A componente biológica é resultado dos processos de decomposição que ocorrem no interior dos aterros, onde a contínua transferência de massa da fase sólida para as fases líquida e, principalmente, gasosa, causa uma redução de volume dos resíduos. Por hipótese, os parâmetros utilizados na avaliação das duas componentes não variam com tempo. O comportamento dos resíduos é analisado a partir de propriedades de suas frações constituintes, possibilitando, desta forma, a análise de situações onde ocorram variações da composição e das condições operacionais. O modelo também permite a análise de aterros com construção em etapas e realização de ensaios de carregamento. Diversos casos históricos, coletados na literatura, foram simulados. Os resultados obtidos com o modelo mostraram-se bastante semelhantes aos de campo, indicando ser válido o conjunto de hipóteses adotadas. Na análise desses casos constatou-se uma falta de padronização na apresentação ou mesmo inexistência das informações necessárias às simulações com o modelo, tornando-se indispensável a adoção de hipóteses, sendo estas fundamentadas em aspectos físicos e observacionais. O modelo mostrou-se bastante versátil, podendo ser adaptado facilmente a novos problemas, incluindo a variação dos parâmetros com o tempo.<br>This thesis presents a new model to evaluate settlements in municipal solid waste fills. It refers to a one dimensional model in which the settlements result from two components, one due to mechanical behavior and the other from biological degradation. The mechanical component is formed by an immediate settlement, in which the load application results in a reduction of the macroporosity and drainage of liquids and gases, and by a long term settlement, associated with waste structure creep. The biological component is a result of the decomposition processes occurring within the waste mass, in which the continuous mass transference from solid phase to liquid and, mainly, to gaseous phase, that causes a waste volume reduction. It was assumed that the parameters used to evaluate both components does not vary with time. The waste behavior is analyzed from its fractions properties, allowing the analysis of problems where the composition and operational conditions change with time. The model can also consider staggered construction of the fill and the simulation of load tests.Several historical cases obtained from literature were simulated. The results of the simulations presented a good representation of the field data, validating the adopted set of hypothesis. During the analysis it was observed a lack of standardization in the way the data are presented and even an absence of data as required by the developed model. In such cases, some hypothesis were adopted based on physical and observational criteria.The developed model was shown to be versatile and can easily be adapted to new problems, including the change of properties of the waste mass with time.
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Dogan, Eylem. "Two-phase Anaerobic Digestion Of Semi-solid Organic Wastes." Master's thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12609280/index.pdf.

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The objective of this study is to illustrate that phase separation improves the efficiency of an anaerobic system which digests semi-solid organic wastes. Organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) was the semi-solid organic waste investigated. In the first part of the study, the optimum operational conditions for acidified reactor were determined by considering the volatile solid (VS) reductions and average acidification percentages at the end of two experimental sets conducted. Organic loading rate (OLR) of 15 g VS/L.day, pH value of 5.5 and hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 2 days were determined to be the optimum operational conditions for the acidification step. Maximum total volatile fatty acid and average acidification percentage were determined as 12405 mg as HAc/L and 28%, respectively in the reactor operated at optimum conditions. In the second part, an acidification reactor was operated at the optimum conditions determined in the first part. The effluents taken from this reactor as well as the waste stock used to feed this reactor were used as substrate in the biochemical methane potential (BMP) test. The results of BMP test revealed that the reactors fed by acidified samples indicated higher total chemical oxygen demand (tCOD) removals (39%), VS reductions (67%) and cumulative gas productions (265 mL). The result of this study indicated that the separation of the reactors could lead efficiency enhancement in the systems providing that effective control was achieved on acidified reactors.
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Wong, Tse-ki Kinny, and 黃子祺. "Optimal design of municipal solid waste recycling system in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3125441X.

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Akindele, Akinwumi. "The Effects of Ammonia on Anaerobic Digestion of the Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Wastes." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/34568.

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The effect of ammonia on anaerobic digestion of the organic fraction of municipal solid wastes (OFMSW) was investigated in this study. This study involved two sets of experiments. First set involved the investigation of ammonia toxicity on AD of synthetic OFMSW only (SW), at three different phases and pH 7.5, 8.0 and 8.5. Phase 1 was the Batch Methane Potential (BMP) phase. BMP tests were conducted under ammonia concentration of 2500 mg/L, 5000 mg/L, 7500 mg/L and 10,000 mg/L and at pH 7.5, 8.0, and 8.5, using 500 mL Kimax® glass bottles. The total working volume of the mixture was 300 mL comprising 120 mL of mesophilic anaerobically digested inoculums, 30 g of OFMSW, various TAN concentrations ranging from 2,500, 5,000, 7,500 to 10,000 mg/L, and equal portions of buffer in form of NaHCO3 and KHCO3. The second phase of the experiment examined whether the tolerance of the bacteria to high ammonia concentration would improve by acclimating the microbes to high ammonia concentrations, through gradual TAN loading. TAN concentration was increased gradually at pH 7.5, 8.0 and 8.5 weekly. The third phase of the experiment was Semi-continuous batch phase. This phase examined the possibility of reducing the inhibitory effect of ammonia on AD, batch reactors at pH values of 8.0 and 8.5 containing initial TAN concentrations of 7500 mg/L and 10,000 mg/L. 3 g of the digestate containing high ammonia concentration(s) was replaced with fresh substrate at every 4 days, 7 days and 15 days. The second set of experiment involved study of the effects of ammonia on anaerobic digestion of OFMSW with real landfill leachate (SW+L). Phase 1 was BMP in which the effect of ammonia was examined at TAN concentrations of 7,500 and 10,000 mg/L. The phase 2 of the (SW+L) gradual TAN TAN loading. The possibility of adapting mesophilic bacteria to high ammonia concentration was examined. The results of the study confirmed that ammonia is toxic to AD, at high concentrations. Biogas production reduced with increase in TAN concentration. Reduction in Cumulative Biogas Production (CBP) compared with control reactors was as much as 43 %, 64 % and 77 % in reactors containing 7500 mg/L TAN at pH 7.5, pH 8.0 and pH 8.5. CBP reduced to 80-85 % in reactors containing 10,000 mg/L TAN across the pH examined. Also, replacing 3g of digestate containing high TAN concentrations of 7500 mg/L and 10,000 mg/L with 3 g fresh substrate improved the activity of the mesophilic bacteria as seen in the surges in biogas production when fresh substrate was injected into the reactors. Similar results were obtained on effect of ammonia on AD of OFMSW mixed with real landfill leachate to simulate an anaerobic bioreactor landfill. CBP reduced as the TAN concentration increased. Compared with control reactors, reactors containing 7500 mg/L TAN at pH 8.0 and pH 8.5 had 61 % and 80 % reduction in CBP. Likewise, reactors containing 10,000 mg/L TAN at pH 8.0 and pH 8.5 had 68 % and 85 % reduction in CBP, compared with control reactors. Study confirmed that pH influenced the toxicity and composition of Total Ammonia Nitrogen (TAN). At high pH (i.e. 8.5), FAN component of TAN was about 26 % and was inhibitory to the methanogens. Results also showed that mesophilic bacteria could be adapted to a TAN concentration of about 5000 mg/L at pH 7.5 through gradual TAN loading. Similar results were obtained on effect of ammonia on AD of OFMSW mixed with real landfill leachate to simulate an anaerobic bioreactor landfill. CBP reduced as the TAN concentration increased. Compared with control reactors, reactors containing 7500 mg/L TAN at pH 8.0 and pH 8.5 had 61 % and 80 % reduction in CBP. Likewise, reactors containing 10,000 mg/L TAN at pH 8.0 and pH 8.5 had 68 % and 85 % reduction in CBP, compared with control reactors. Study confirmed that pH influenced the toxicity and composition of Total Ammonia Nitrogen (TAN). At high pH (i.e. 8.5), FAN component of TAN was about 26 % and was inhibitory to the methanogens. Results also showed that mesophilic bacteria could be adapted to a TAN concentration of about 5000 mg/L at pH 7.5 through gradual TAN loading.
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Deng, Hong. "Combined anaerobic respiration (CAD) of sewage sludge and other urban solid wastes." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2006. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/8025.

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The UK buries about 100 million tonnes of waste a year, of which 25% is municipal solid waste (refuse). The environmental impacts from gas and leachate releases are known and direct risks to health from landfill are reported. Europe has agreed to a Landfill Directive which has set targets for the stepwise reduction in biodegradable municipal waste going to landfill. The anaerobic digestion of municipal solid waste in controlled bioreactors is an area that could play an important role in overall evolution towards sustainability by recovering biogas and organic matter. Separated hydrolysis and subsequent anaerobic codigestion was demonstrated from the literature review to have the best potential for biodegradable municipal waste diverted from landfill. The rate of hydrolysis of solids wastes remains an outstanding problem. In this research, firstly the codigestion of industrial effluent (coffee wastewater), food wastes and garden wastes were investigated for their impact on hydrolysis and digestion. The results show that there were no treatability problems for coffee wastes up to 37.5% of volume feed per day at the HRT of 9 days. The results supported the view that dilute biodegradable streams such as coffee waste may improve digestion by promoting mixing. Fruit and vegetable wastes were highly biodegradable and can have a major improvement in biogas production of the whole codigestion process, whereas garden waste was not as successful as a cosubstrate, probably because of the predominant celluloses and lignocelluloses with a low biodegradability. The literature review also revealed that washing or elutriation can remove organic matter from municipal waste. This is an important hydrolytic process in which a solubilised acidic organic matter is obtained. The codigestion of refuse hydrolysate with sewage sludge was therefore studied. A control digester treating sewage sludge only was compared with an experimental reactor fed mixed refuse hydrolysate with sewage sludge. It was possible to add the solubilised hydrolysate to existing anaerobic digesters designed at a standard sludge solids loading rate without causing overloading. (Continues...).
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Hinds, Gregory Richard. "High-Solids Anaerobic Digestion of the Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Waste State of the Art, Outlook in Florida, and Enhancing Methane Yields from Lignocellulosic Wastes." Scholar Commons, 2015. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5883.

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Anaerobic digestion (AD) is a biotechnology that employs natural microbial metabolism under oxygen-free conditions to stabilize organic waste. AD has been shown to be the most environmentally sustainable technology for treating the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW), as it allows for the recovery of energy and nutrients from the waste. AD of OFMSW also saves landfill space and reduces leachate generation and fugitive methane emissions from landfills. High-solids AD (HS-AD) technologies (those designed to process feedstocks with >15% total solids content) have been shown to yield additional benefits when compared with liquid AD (L-AD) for treating OFMSW, including reduced parasitic energy demands, reactor volume requirements, water usage, and excess leachate generation. These factors paired with increasingly stringent environmentally-driven legislation have resulted in the steady development of HS-AD technologies in Europe since the 1990’s and the recent advancement of HS-AD in the United States. However, HS-AD implementation in the US is hindered by the low cost of landfilling and a general lack of regulatory drivers encouraging organics separation and recycling. The goal of this research was to contribute to accelerating the implementation and improving the efficiency of HS-AD technologies. The specific objectives were to: (i) assess the state of the art of HS-AD in Europe and the US and investigate trends in development; (ii) conduct a case study assessment of the outlook for implementation of HS-AD in the state of Florida; and (iii) investigate the potential to enhance methane (CH4) yields in HS-AD of lignocellulosic wastes through bioaugmentation with pulp and paper mill anaerobic sludge. Information sources for the assessment of the state of HS-AD in Europe and the US included “grey” and published literature and discussions with consultants and technology vendors. In Europe as of 2014 there were 244 full-scale AD facilities for processing OFMSW with a total capacity of almost 8 million tons per year (TPY), approximately 89% of capacity was “stand-alone” (systems treating only OFMSW), 62% was HS-AD, and 70% installed since 2009 was HS-AD. In the US, as many as 181 AD facilities are now processing OFMSW with an approximate total capacity of 780,000 TPY. Only 24% of the total capacity is currently stand-alone HS-AD with the remaining capacity being stand-alone L-AD (28%) or L-AD codigestion (48%) at wastewater treatment plants or on-farm systems. Development trends in the US are mirroring those in the EU, however, with stand-alone capacity steadily increasing and HS-AD capacity increasing particularly rapidly relative to L-AD for OFMSW processing. The number of full-scale HS-AD facilities in the US has increased from one in 2011 to eight in 2015 and another 19 systems are expected to be operational by 2017. There are at least nine vendors of HS-AD technologies in the US, including four with facilities currently in operation and another four with projects in the planning, permitting, or construction phases. Landfill bans and taxation, mandated source-separation of OFMSW, and policies incentivizing recycling and renewable energy generation are critical factors driving the development and implementation of HS-AD. The case study of HS-AD implementation in Florida incorporated information from industry and data from the Florida Department of Environmental Protection. There is high demand for organics recycling in Florida, with numerous counties generating several hundred thousand TPY of OFMSW and lacking organics recycling infrastructure. HS-AD implementation could increase the statewide recycling rate by as much as 13% and contribute significantly to the reaching the state’s recycling goal of 75% by 2020. Furthermore, up to 7,000 and 3,500 TPY of bioavailable nitrogen and phosphorus, respectively, and up to 500 MW of energy could be recovered through HS-AD of OFMSW in the state. Based on current energy conversion efficiencies, 500 MW of energy translates to either 175 MW of electricity (approximately 660,000 metric tons of CO2 equivalents offsets per year) and 200 MW of heat or nearly 80 million diesel gallon equivalents of vehicle fuel. However, because of the low cost of both landfilling and energy in the state and the lack of markets for compost and renewable energy certificates, legislative action is needed to improve the economic feasibility of HS-AD. Accordingly, a number of policy recommendations were formulated, including banning disposal of OFMSW to landfills and mandating source-separation of OFMSW by all generation sources. Two phases of side-by-side bench-scale batch HS-AD experiments were carried out to investigate the potential to enhance CH4 yield from lignocellulosic waste in HS-AD through bioaugmentation with pulp and paper mill anaerobic sludge. In the first phase, the average CH4 yield from yard waste inoculated with pulp and paper sludge reached 100.2 ± 2.4 L CH4/kg VS, a 73% enhancement compared with the average CH4 yield achieved through inoculation with domestic wastewater anaerobic sludge (58.1 ± 1.2 L CH4/kg VS). In the second phase, CH4 yield from yard waste inoculated with digestate from digesters originally inoculated with pulp and paper sludge was 68% greater than the CH4 yield achieved through inoculation of yard waste with digestate from digesters originally inoculated with domestic wastewater sludge (36.5 ± 0.2 L CH4/kg VS versus 21.7 ± 0.4 L CH4/kg VS). The enhancement in CH4 yield achieved in this study is comparable to enhancements achieved through lignocellulosic pretreatment methods. However, this strategy incurs significantly less additional environmental and economic costs when compared with pretreatment, suggesting that it could serve as an alternative to pretreatment and improve the overall sustainability of HS-AD processes.
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Serutla, Bokhabane Tlotliso Violet. "Potential for energy recovery and its economic evaluation from a municipal solid wastes landfill in Cape Town." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2463.

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Thesis (MTech (Chemical Engineering))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2016.<br>Landfill gases, principally methane, CH4 are produced from the decomposition of the municipal solid wastes deposited on landfill sites. These gases can be captured and converted into usable energy or electricity which will assist in addressing energy needs of South Africa. Its capture also reduces the problems associated with greenhouse gases. The aim of this study is to estimate gases that can be produced from the Bellville landfill site in Cape Town. The landfill gas capacity was estimated using Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) model. The IPCC model showed that 48 447m3/year of landfill gas capacity was determined only in 2013. The LFGTE process plant is designed in a manner of purifying landfill gas, which at the end methane gets up being the only gas combusted. As a matter of fact 14 544kg/year of gases which consists mainly methane gets combusted. The average energy that can be produced based on the generated landfill gas capacity (methane gas) is 1,004MWh/year. This translates to R1. 05million per year at Eskom’s current tariff of R2.86 /kWh) including sales from CO2 which is a by-product from the designed process plant. A LFGTE process plant has been developed from the gathered information on landfill gas capacity and the amount of energy that can be generated from the gas. In order, to start-up this project the total fixed capital costs of this project required amounted up to R2.5 million. On the other hand, the project made a profit amounted to R3.9million, the Net profit summed up to R1. 3million and the payback time of Landfill Gas ToEnergy (LFGTE) project is 4years.The break-even of the project is on second year of the plant’s operation. The maximum profit that this project can generate is around R1. 1million. The life span of the plant is nine years. Aspen plus indicated that about 87% of pure methane was separated from CO2 and H2S for combustion at theabsorption gas outletstream. I would suggest this project to be done because it is profitable when by-products such as CO2 sales add to the project’s revenues.
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Dogan, Evrim. "Organic Acid Production From The Organic Fraction Of Municipal Solid Waste In Leaching Bed Reactors." Master's thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12608043/index.pdf.

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This study was carried out to evaluate the potential of high-rate anaerobic digestion of high-solids organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) for the production of organic acids and alcohols in leaching bed reactors (LBRs). For this purpose, two different experimental set-ups, namely Set-1 and Set-2, were operated. In the Set-1, only OFMSW without paper was studied in two identical LBRs, whereas, four identical LBRs, fed with OFMSW with paper and cow manure in different proportions, were operated in the Set-2. In this study, 50-60% of hydrolysis efficiency was achieved in the LBRs of Set-1, whereas this value was decreased to 20-25% in the LBRs of Set-2<br>which was resulted from OFMSW containing cellulose and less volume of water addition in the Set-2. The mass of total volatile fatty acids (tVFA) production was found as 7000-9000 mg at the end of 80 days in the LBRs of Set-1, fed with OFMSW without paper, whereas it was 3000 mg at the end of 40 days in the LBR of Set-2, containing only OFMSW with paper. It was also observed that cow manure addition increased the amount of tVFA production in the LBR of Set-2. In conclusion, LBRs were found as alternative reactors for the degradation of OFMSW compared to completely stirred tank reactors (CSTRs) in terms of rapid hydrolysis and acidification, which can result in high hydrolysis yield and tVFA production.
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Books on the topic "Municipal solid wastes"

1

J, Rossi Amadeo, and Vick Katherine M, eds. Incineration of municipal and hazardous solid wastes. Academic Press, 1989.

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Hanby, Gregory. An integrated facility for municipal solid waste disposal, electrical generation, and desalination. Available from National Technical Information Service, 1995.

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J, Mata-Alvarez, ed. Biomethanization of the organic fraction of municipal solid wastes. IWA, 2001.

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Everest, M. Pilot plant study of the anaerobic digestion of the dano separated fraction of municipal solid waste; examination of front end sorting technologies. Department of Trade and Industry, 1994.

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Mueller, J. C. Composting of municipal solid wastes (garbage)-experiences at some European plants. BC Research, 1988.

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Porteous, Andrew. Energy and waste: A review of the compatibility of materials and energy recovery from municipal solid wastes. NATTA, 1992.

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Pohland, Frederick G. Retrospective evaluation of the effects of selected industrial wastes on municipal solid waste stabilization in simulated landfills. Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1986.

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Manning, Joyanne M. T. A study of municipal and non-hazardous solid waste for use in establishing a national waste database for Ireland. University College Dublin, 1997.

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Works, United States Congress Senate Committee on Environment and Public. Interstate Transportation of Municipal Solid Waste Act of 1994: Report together with additional views (to accompany S. 2345). U.S. G.P.O., 1994.

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United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Environment and Public Works. Interstate Transportation of Municipal Solid Waste Act of 1995: Report together with additional views (to accompany S. 534). U.S. G.P.O., 1995.

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Book chapters on the topic "Municipal solid wastes"

1

Curi, K. "Sampling of Municipal Solid Wastes." In Integrated Approach to Environmental Data Management Systems. Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5616-5_13.

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Okafor, Nduka. "The Disposal of Municipal Solid Wastes." In Environmental Microbiology of Aquatic and Waste Systems. Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1460-1_11.

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Chambers, D. B., B. G. Ibbotson, and B. P. Powers. "Assessing Risks from Incineration of Municipal Solid Wastes." In Municipal Waste Incineration Risk Assessment. Springer US, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3294-1_15.

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Ribeiro, H. M. F., E. F. d’Almeida Duarte, M. Baião, E. Rola, and M. C. Vaz. "An evaluation of three municipal solid wastes composts." In Fertilizers and Environment. Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1586-2_60.

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Wang, Lawrence K., Mu-Hao Sung Wang, Raul R. Cardenas, et al. "Composting Processes for Disposal of Municipal and Agricultural Solid Wastes." In Solid Waste Engineering and Management. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-84180-5_7.

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Monteiro, Eliseu, Nuno Couto, Valter Silva, and Abel Rouboa. "Assessment of Municipal Solid Wastes Gasification Through CFD Simulation." In Innovation, Engineering and Entrepreneurship. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91334-6_90.

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Ojowuro, O. M., B. Olowe, and A. S. Aremu. "Characterization of Municipal Solid Wastes from Lagos Metropolis, Nigeria." In Waste Management and Resource Efficiency. Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7290-1_13.

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Chen, Yun-Min, and Tony L. T. Zhan. "Environmental Geotechnics Related to Landfills of Municipal Solid Wastes." In Advances in Environmental Geotechnics. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-04460-1_8.

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Economopoulos, Alexander P. "Planning Tools and Procedures for Rational Municipal Solid Wastes Management." In Waste to Energy. Springer London, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-2306-4_2.

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Pecher, K., S. Peiffer, and R. Herrmann. "Chemodynamics of Chlorophenols during Sequential Degradation of Solid Municipal Wastes." In Contaminated Soil ’90. Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3270-1_101.

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Conference papers on the topic "Municipal solid wastes"

1

Molintas, Henry, and Ashwani Gupta. "Non-Isothermal Pyrolysis Kinetics of Municipal Solid Wastes." In 9th Annual International Energy Conversion Engineering Conference. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2011-5669.

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Klein, Alexander, and Nickolas J. Themelis. "Energy Recovery From Municipal Solid Wastes by Gasification." In 11th North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec11-1692.

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Recovery of energy from MSW by combustion in Waste-to-Energy (WTE) plants reduces landfilling and air/water emissions, and also lessens dependence on fossil fuels for power generation. The objective of this study was to assess the potential of gasification processes as an alternative to the combustion of MSW. Gasification uses a relatively small amount of oxygen or water vapor to convert the organic compounds into a combustible gas. Its advantages are a much lower volume of process gas per unit of MSW and thus smaller volume of gas control equipment; also, gasification generates a fuel gas that can be integrated with combined cycle turbines or reciprocating engines, thus converting fuel energy to electricity more efficiently than the steam boilers used in combustion of MSW. The disadvantages are the need to pre-process the MSW to a Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF) and the formation of tars that may foul the downstream gas cleaning and energy conversion systems. This paper presents two prominent gasification processes and compares their energy characteristics with a mass burn WTE and a suspension firing WTE that uses shredded WTE. The results showed potential energy and capital cost advantages for gasification. However, long-term operating results from industrial plants are needed for gasification to become a practical alternative to combustion.
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Infiesta, Luciano, Cassius Ferreira, Alam Trovó, et al. "PELLETIZED BIOMASS FROM MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTES FOR USE AS SOLID FUEL." In Brazilian Congress of Thermal Sciences and Engineering. ABCM, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.26678/abcm.encit2018.cit18-0015.

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Chou, Chih-Mei, Yu-Min Chang, Wei-Shing Hu, Wen-Pin Fan, and Wen-Chien Dai. "Recent management strategies for municipal solid wastes in Taiwan." In 2010 IEEE International Conference on Management of Innovation & Technology. IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmit.2010.5492746.

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Zhan, Tony L. T., Daosheng Ling, Wen-jie Zhang, and Yunmin Chen. "Hydrogeological Characterization of Suzhou Landfill of Municipal Solid Wastes." In GeoCongress 2008. American Society of Civil Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40970(309)31.

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Mi, Leilei, Nairui Liu, and Bo Zhou. "Disposal Methods for Municipal Solid Wastes and Its Development Trend." In 2010 4th International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering (iCBBE). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbbe.2010.5517879.

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Bansode, Rishipal, Osman Hassan, Priscilla Randolph, Djaafar Rehrah, and Mohamed Ahmedna. "Biochars From Solid Organic Municipal Wastes For Soil Quality Enhancement." In Qatar Foundation Annual Research Conference Proceedings. Hamad bin Khalifa University Press (HBKU Press), 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5339/qfarc.2014.eepp0686.

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Ding, Haixu, Jian Tang, and Junfei Qiao. "Control Methods of Municipal Solid Wastes Incineration Process: A Survey." In 2021 40th Chinese Control Conference (CCC). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/ccc52363.2021.9550273.

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"SCC with Ground Bottom Ash from Municipal Solid Wastes Incinerators." In SP-289: Twelfth International Conference on Recent Advances in Concrete Technology and Sustainability Issues (Hard Copy). American Concrete Institute, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.14359/51684283.

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Kechaou, Nabil, and E. Ammar. "Biodrying process: a sustainable technology for treatment of municipal solid wastes organic fraction." In 21st International Drying Symposium. Universitat Politècnica València, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ids2018.2018.7842.

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The Municipal Solid Waste of Agareb (Sfax –Tunisia), characterized by high organic fraction and moisture contents is the most worrying pollution source that must be managed by innovative treatment and recycling technologies. Bio-drying, as a waste to energy conversion technology, aims at reducing moisture content of this organic matter. This concept, similar to composting, is accomplished by using the heat generated from the microbial degradation of the waste matrix, while forced aeration is used. The purpose of this work was to reduce the moisture content of the waste, by maximizing drying and minimizing organic matter biodegradation, in order to produce a solid recovered fuel with high calorific value.Keywords: Municipal solid wastes; organic matter; biodrying; composting; energy recovery.
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Reports on the topic "Municipal solid wastes"

1

Henry Liu and Yadong Li. COMPACTING BIOMASS AND MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTES TO FORM AND UPGRADED FUEL. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/837464.

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de Vrije, Truus, and Pieternel A. M. Claassen. Production of butanol and hydrogen by fermentation techniques using steam treated municipal solid wastes : EU BESTF2 MSWBH. Wageningen Food & Biobased Research, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/463764.

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Griffith, Andrew, Kevin O'Connor, and Nancy Soderlund. Baghdad Municipal Solid Waste Landfill. Defense Technical Information Center, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada537288.

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Klosky, M. Clean energy from municipal solid waste. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/266379.

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Klosky, M. Clean energy from municipal solid waste. Final report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/466858.

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Bushnell, D. J., J. H. Canova, and A. Dadkhah-Nikoo. Municipal solid waste combustion: Fuel testing and characterization. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7076164.

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Rivard, C. J. Anaerobic digestion of municipal solid waste: Technical developments. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/530635.

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Gupta, Bimleshwar, and Philip Shepherd. Data summary of municipal solid waste management alternatives. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6651994.

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Jones, C., J. Hahn, B. Magee, et al. Utilization of ash from municipal solid waste combustion. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/757056.

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Rogers, R. III. Hydrogen production by gasification of municipal solid waste. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10172298.

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