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Journal articles on the topic 'Muon; particles'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Yani, Sitti, Dadan Hidayatuloh, and Tony Sumaryada. "Analysis of Secondary Particles Produced by 50-500 MeV Muon and Water Interaction using PHITS Monte Carlo Package." JURNAL ILMU FISIKA | UNIVERSITAS ANDALAS 16, no. 1 (2024): 63–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/jif.16.1.63-70.2024.

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Secondary particles will always be generated in particle-to-matter interactions. The interaction of muons with matter produces various secondary particles. In this study, secondary particles produced by the interaction between muons with energies of 5, 50, 100, 200 and 500 MeV with water were analyzed using the PHITS Monte Carlo package. The muon source is placed on the surface of water that has a thickness of 1 km. The muography technique was applied by placed a detector at a depth of 1 km from the source. This detector records the secondary particles produced by the interaction. The results

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2

Ismail, A. Haj, and A. AbdelKader. "Optimizing the zenith angle dependence of cosmic ray muons from Charm particles in the knee region: simulation study." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2429, no. 1 (2023): 012013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2429/1/012013.

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Abstract The muonic component of air showers is one of the most abundant component of charged particles arriving at the Earth’s surface, and able to penetrate deeply underground, and is very sensitive to the primary mass and energy of the initial cosmic particle. Atmospheric muons are produced in the propagation of different components of extensive air showers. Therefore, variations in the muon ratio, defined as the number of positive over negative charged muons, must be well understood. In this paper, we study the variation of the muon charge ratio of cosmic muons at different zenith angles,

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3

Rosenthal, M., D. Banerjee, J. Bernhard, et al. "Single-muon rate reduction for beam dump operation of the K12 beam line at CERN." International Journal of Modern Physics A 34, no. 36 (2019): 1942026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x19420260.

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The Physics Beyond Colliders study investigates the feasibility of future projects and experiments using CERN facilities. In the scope of this study, a future operation of the NA62 experiment using the existing K12 beam line operated in beam dump mode is discussed. Such a setup allows for a search for dark sector particles, e.g. heavy neutral leptons, dark photons and axions. Production of these hypothetical particles requires the 400GeV/c proton beam extracted from the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) to be dumped on a massive dump collimator located in the first part of the K12 beam line. The

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4

Caliskan, A., S. O. Kara, and A. Ozansoy. "Excited Muon Searches at the FCC-Based Muon-Hadron Colliders." Advances in High Energy Physics 2017 (2017): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/1540243.

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We study the excited muon production at the FCC-based muon-hadron colliders. We give the excited muon decay widths and production cross-sections. We deal with the μp→μ⋆q→μγq process and plot the transverse momentum and normalized pseudorapidity distributions of final state particles to define the kinematical cuts best suited for discovery. By using these cuts, we get the mass limits for excited muons. It is shown that the discovery limits obtained on the mass of μ⋆ are 2.2, 5.8, and 7.5 TeV for muon energies of 63, 750, and 1500 GeV, respectively.

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SUNDMAN, STIG. "ON THE ORIGIN OF MASS IN THE STANDARD MODEL." International Journal of Modern Physics E 22, no. 01 (2013): 1350002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021830131350002x.

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A model is proposed in which the presently existing elementary particles are the result of an evolution proceeding from the simplest possible particle state to successively more complex states via a series of symmetry-breaking transitions. The properties of two fossil particles — the tauon and muon — together with the observed photon–baryon number ratio provide information that makes it possible to track the early development of particles. A computer simulation of the evolution reveals details about the purpose and history of all presently known elementary particles. In particular, it is concl

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Narimani Charan, Abtin. "Particle identification with the Belle II calorimeter using machine learning." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2438, no. 1 (2023): 012111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2438/1/012111.

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Abstract I present an application of a convolutional neural network (CNN) to separate muons and pions in the Belle II electromagnetic calorimeter (ECL). The ECL is designed to measure the energy deposited by charged and neutral particles. It also provides important contributions to the particle identification (PID) system. Identification of low-momenta muons and pions in the ECL is crucial if they do not reach the outer muon detector. Track-seeded cluster energy images provide the maximal possible information. The shape of the energy depositions for muons and pions in the crystals around an ex

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7

Kaushal, Neerav. "A Novel RID Algorithm of Muon Trajectory Reconstruction in Water Cherenkov Detectors." Astrophysical Journal 936, no. 2 (2022): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac8798.

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Abstract Cosmic rays that strike the top of the Earth’s atmosphere generate a shower of secondary particles that move toward the surface with relativistic speeds. Water Cherenkov detectors (WCDs) on the ground can detect charged muons, which are one of the many particles generated in the shower, with the Cherenkov imaging technique. A large number of these muons travel in WCD tanks near the speed of light in a vacuum, faster than the speed of light in water, and so trigger isotropic Cherenkov radiation, which is detected by the photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) placed inside the tanks. When the rad

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8

Topuz, Ahmet Ilker, Madis Kiisk, and Andrea Giammanco. "DOME: Discrete Oriented Muon Emission in GEANT4 Simulations." Instruments 6, no. 3 (2022): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/instruments6030042.

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The simulation of muon tomography requires a multi-directional particle source that traverses a number of horizontal detectors of limited angular acceptance that are used to track cosmic-ray muons. In this study, we describe a simple strategy that can use GEANT4 simulations to produce a hemispherical particle source. We initially generate random points on a spherical surface of practical radius by using a Gaussian distributions for the three components of the Cartesian coordinates, thereby obtaining a generating surface for the initial position of the particles to be tracked. Since we do not r

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9

Yurina, E. A., N. S. Barbashina, A. G. Bogdanov, et al. "Average muon energies in inclined bundles according to NEVOD-DECOR data." Известия Российской академии наук. Серия физическая 87, no. 7 (2023): 979–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0367676523701715.

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Results of measurements of the energy characteristics of muon bundles in inclined extensive air showers in the NEVOD-DECOR experiment are presented. Estimates of the average energy of muons in the bundles in the energy range of primary particles from 10 to 1000 PeV were obtained and compared with the calculated expected values for various assumptions about the composition of cosmic radiation and models of hadronic interactions. An excess of experimental values of the average muon energy in comparison with calculations for high local densities corresponding to energies of primary particles abov

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Cui, Yunlin, and Cankun Dai. "Exploring particle interactions under different shielding conditions through Coincidence Analysis." Theoretical and Natural Science 56, no. 1 (2024): 60–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-8818/56/20240153.

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Abstract. When muon particles in the cosmic ray pass through different materials, they will interact with the materials, leading to variation in muon event rates, which is the munber of muon detected per unit time. This study investigates muon event rates under two shielding conditions. In this experiment, six Cosmic Watch detectors are set into three pairs, arranged vertically, to identify the muon particles passing through the shielding materials. Muon event rates under these conditions are determined through coincidence analysis between data collected by paired detectors, which allows the s

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Colaleo, A., L. Longo, A. Pellecchia, et al. "Studies on a hadronic calorimeter with MPGD technology for a future Muon Collider experiment." Journal of Instrumentation 19, no. 05 (2024): C05037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/19/05/c05037.

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Abstract In the context of the European strategy for particle physics, the Multi-TeV Muon Collider has emerged as a compelling alternative for advancing our understanding of the Standard Model, after the full exploitation of the High-Luminosity LHC. The physics programme at the Muon Collider includes precise measurements in the Higgs boson sector and the search for new physics at the TeV scale. Achieving these goals relies on accurate full event reconstruction, including the identification and precise four-momentum estimation of various particles. The Particle Flow (PF) algorithm is one of the

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Янчуковский, Валерий, Valery Yanchukovsky, Василий Кузьменко, and Vasiliy Kuzmenko. "Atmospheric effects of the cosmic-ray mu-meson component." Solar-Terrestrial Physics 4, no. 3 (2018): 76–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/stp-43201810.

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Variations in the intensity of cosmic rays observed in the depth of the atmosphere include the atmospheric component of the variations. Cosmic-ray muon telescopes, along with the barometric effect, have a significant temperature effect due to the instability of detected particles. To take into account atmospheric effects in muon telescope data, meteorological coefficients of muon intensity are found. The meteorological coefficients of the intensity of muons recorded in the depth of the atmosphere are estimated from experimental data, using various methods of factor analysis. The results obtain

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Янчуковский, Валерий, Valery Yanchukovsky, Василий Кузьменко, and Vasiliy Kuzmenko. "Atmospheric effects of the cosmic-ray mu-meson component." Solnechno-Zemnaya Fizika 4, no. 3 (2018): 95–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/szf-43201810.

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Variations in the intensity of cosmic rays observed in the depth of the atmosphere include the atmospheric component of the variations. Cosmic-ray muon telescopes, along with the barometric effect, have a significant temperature effect due to the instability of detected particles. To take into account atmospheric effects in muon telescope data, meteorological coeffi-cients of muon intensity are found. The meteorological coefficients of the intensity of muons recorded in the depth of the atmosphere are estimated from experi-mental data, using various methods of factor analysis. The results obta

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14

Spedicato, E. "A prototype electromagnetic calorimeter for the MUonE experiment: status and first performance results." Journal of Instrumentation 19, no. 02 (2024): C02044. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/19/02/c02044.

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Abstract The MUonE experiment proposes a novel approach to determine the leading hadronic contribution to the muon g-2, from a precise measurement of the differential cross section of the μ-e elastic scattering, achievable by using the CERN SPS muon beam onto atomic electrons of a light target. The detector layout is modular, consisting of an array of identical tracking stations, each one made of a light target and silicon strip planes, followed by an electromagnetic calorimeter made of PbWO4 crystals with APD readout, placed after the last station, and a muon filter. The scattering particles

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Yanchukovsky, Valery. "MUON INTENSITY VARIATIONS AND ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE." Solar-Terrestrial Physics 6, no. 1 (2020): 108–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/stp-61202013.

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Muons in the atmosphere are formed during the decay of pions resulting from nuclear interactions of cosmic rays with nuclei of air atoms. The resulting muons are also unstable particles with a short lifetime. Therefore, not all of them reach the level of observation in the atmosphere. When the atmospheric temperature changes, the distance to the observation level changes too, thus leading to variations in the intensity of muons of temperature origin. These variations, caused by atmospheric temperature variations, are superimposed on continuous observations of muon telescopes. Their exclusion i

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Yanchukovsky, Valery. "MUON INTENSITY VARIATIONS AND ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE." Solnechno-Zemnaya Fizika 6, no. 1 (2020): 134–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/szf-61202013.

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Muons in the atmosphere are formed during the decay of pions resulting from nuclear interactions of cosmic rays with nuclei of air atoms. The resulting muons are also unstable particles with a short lifetime. Therefore, not all of them reach the level of observation in the atmosphere. When the atmospheric temperature changes, the distance to the observation level changes too, thus leading to variations in the intensity of muons of temperature origin. These variations, caused by atmospheric temperature variations, are superimposed on continuous observations of muon telescopes. Their exclusion i

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17

Georgadze, Anzori Sh, and Vitaly A. Kudryavtsev. "Geant4 simulation study of low-Z material detection using muon tomography." Journal of Instrumentation 18, no. 12 (2023): C12014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/18/12/c12014.

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Abstract Traditional X-ray scanning systems for cargo use ionising radiation which can be harmful to operators and the environment and requires shielding. Fully passive muon tomography is a promising alternative or a complementary approach to X-ray scanners. Muon tomography is a non-invasive technique that uses naturally occurring cosmic-ray muons and their scattering in various materials to create images of cargo in trucks or containers without applying ionising radiation. Muons are high-energy particles that are produced when primary cosmic rays collide with the Earth's atmosphere. These muo

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18

Sahai, Aakash A., Toshiki Tajima, and Vladimir D. Shiltsev. "Schemes of laser muon acceleration: Ultra-short, micron-scale beams." International Journal of Modern Physics A 34, no. 34 (2019): 1943008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x19430085.

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Experimentally accessible schemes of laser muon ([Formula: see text]) acceleration are introduced and modeled using a novel technique of controlled laser-driven post-processing of cascade showers (or pair plasmas). The proposed schemes use propagating structures in plasma, driven as wakefields of femtosecond-scale high-intensity laser, to capture particles of divergent cascade shower of: (a) hadronic type from proton-nucleon or photo-production reactions or, (b) electromagnetic type. Apart from the direct trapping and acceleration of particles of a raw shower in laser-driven plasma, a conditio

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Bhatt, Apoorva, Paweł Malecki, and Dariusz Góra. "Shore Shadow Effect in Baikal." Universe 8, no. 7 (2022): 347. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/universe8070347.

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The measurement of the individual charged particles especially muons in an extended air shower (EAS) resulting from primary cosmic rays provides important distinguishing parameters to identify the chemical composition of the cosmic primary particles. For Neutrino Telescope experiments like Baikal-GVD, the estimation of underwater muon flux is of importance to study atmospheric muons. In this paper, a GEANT4-based simulation is presented to estimate the atmospheric muon flux underwater taking Baikal-GVD as an example. The location of the Baikal-GVD experiment at Lake Baikal provides a unique op

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Arteaga-Velázquez, J. C., D. Rivera-Rangel, W. D. Apel, et al. "Tests of the SIBYLL 2.3 high-energy hadronic interaction model using the KASCADE-Grande muon data." EPJ Web of Conferences 172 (2018): 07003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201817207003.

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The KASCADE-Grande observatory was a ground-based air shower array dedicated to study the energy and composition of cosmic rays in the energy interval E = 1 PeV –1 EeV. The experiment consisted of different detector systems which allowed the simultaneous measurement of distinct components of air showers (EAS), such as the muon content. In this contribution, we study the total muon number and the lateral density distribution of muons in EAS detected by KASCADE-Grande as a function of the zenith angle and the total number of charged particles. The attenuation length of the muon content of EAS is

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Lyu, Cefu, Haojiang Hu, Chuyue Hu, and Yifan Wu. "Research about how lead influence the detection rate of muons and its attenuation coefficient." Theoretical and Natural Science 5, no. 1 (2023): 712–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-8818/5/20230470.

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This paper presents a way to determine how lead influence the detection rate of muon at the earths surface. There are four sets of data on different thicknesses of lead above the detectors included in the experiments, and the largest set has 45054 groups of data. After using python modules to analyze the data of muons and other background particles such as electrons detected by desktop muon detectors, the discussion about identity of muons, especially about the detection rate, was conducted, as well as their relations with other factors. Then, the comparison was made between the average rate o

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Liu, Bingyang, Zhixiang Yang, and Jianhong Ruan. "Explaining Muon Excess in Cosmic Rays Using the Gluon Condensation Model." Astrophysical Journal 974, no. 1 (2024): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad6b9a.

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Abstract Ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays are often characterized indirectly by analyzing the properties of secondary cosmic ray particles produced in the collisions with air nuclei. The particle number N μ of muon and the depth of shower maximum X max after air shower cascade are mostly studied to infer the energy and mass of the incident cosmic rays. Research has shown that there is a significant excess in the observed number of muons arriving at the ground from extensive air showers compared to the simulations using the existing cosmic ray hadronic interaction model. To explain this muon excess

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Arteaga-Velázquez, J. C., D. Rivera-Rangel, W. D. Apel, et al. "Study of themuon content of high-energy air showers with KASCADE-Grande." EPJ Web of Conferences 208 (2019): 06003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201920806003.

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In this work, we report measurements on the muon content (Eth > 230 MeV) of extensive air showers (EAS) induced by cosmic rays with primary energy from 10 PeV up to 1 EeV performed with the KASCADE-Grande experiment. The measurements are confronted with SIBYLL 2.3. The results are focused on the dependence of the total muon number and the lateral density distribution of muons in EAS on the zenith angle and the total number of charged particles in the shower. We also present updated results of a detailed study of the attenuation length of shower muons, which reveal a deviation between the me

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Gaaz, Tayser Sumer, and Malik N. Hawas. "Shielding Cosmic Ray Muon using Copper and Aluminium Sheets Composited with Polyethylene Sheets for a Better Protection." Journal of Mechanical Engineering 20, no. 1 (2023): 97–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/jmeche.v20i1.21081.

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Muons are usually among the most common secondary cosmic ray particles on Earth's surface. Muon research has confirmed their occurrence in a variety of locales. It has been claimed that cosmic radiation in general, and muons in particular, have disastrous consequences on biological things and electrical components on Earth and in space. According to medical sources, cosmic rays have been linked to many ailments affecting people and other creatures. Because of these issues, cosmic ray shielding has become a crucial component of this and comparative studies. Muons emitted by cosmic rays were det

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Atri, Dimitra, Adrian L. Melott, and Andrew Karam. "Biological radiation dose from secondary particles in a Milky Way gamma-ray burst." International Journal of Astrobiology 13, no. 3 (2013): 224–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1473550413000414.

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AbstractGamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are a class of highly energetic explosions emitting radiation in a very short timescale of a few seconds and with a very narrow opening angle. Although, all GRBs observed so far are extragalactic in origin, there is a high probability of a GRB of galactic origin beaming towards the Earth in the past ∼0.5 Gyr. We define the level of catastrophic damage to the biosphere as approximation 100 kJ m−2, based on Thomas et al. (2005a, b). Using results in Melott & Thomas (2011), we estimate the probability of the Earth receiving this fluence from a GRB of any type,

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Basak, D. K., S. K. Sarkar, N. Mukherjee, S. Sanyal, B. Ghosh, and N. Chaudhuri. "Lateral distribution and energy spectra of high-energy muons in cosmic-ray air showers." Canadian Journal of Physics 68, no. 1 (1990): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p90-006.

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The energy spectra and the lateral distribution of muons in cosmic-ray air showers, in the size range 104–106 particles as measured by two magnetic spectrographs each of full detection efficiency for muons in the energy range 2.5–500 GeV, are presented along with the derived muon size vs. shower size results. Comparisons with similar recent experimental data and calculations are given to infer the cosmic-ray primary composition.

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Curatolo, Camilla, and Luca Serafini. "Electrons and X-rays to Muon Pairs (EXMP)." Applied Sciences 12, no. 6 (2022): 3149. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12063149.

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One of the challenges of future muon colliders involves the production of muon beams carrying high phase space densities. In particular, the muon beam normalised transverse emittance is a relevant figure of merit used to meet luminosity requests. A typical issue impacting the achieved transverse emittance in muon collider schemes, thus far considered, is the phase space dilution caused by the Coulomb interaction of primary particles propagating into the target where muons were generated. In this study, we present a new scheme(named electrons and X-rays to muon pairs) for muon beam generation o

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Li, X. J., та H. Liang. "Design of Data Acquisition Software for 128-channel μSR Spectrometer Prototype". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2253, № 1 (2022): 012036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2253/1/012036.

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Abstract The muon is one of the 12 elementary particles in the standard model, it is a typical particle probes that can extract features such as microscopic magnetic or electronic environments in materials. The technique of injecting spin-polarized muons into a material as a probe and then detecting their spin interaction can be called the μSR technique. A high-intensity muon source experimental device is a prerequisite for the research of μSR technology, with the complettion of China Spallation Neutron Scoure, μSR research has become possible. The data acquisition software introduced in this

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Cimmino, Luigi. "Principles and Perspectives of Radiographic Imaging with Muons." Journal of Imaging 7, no. 12 (2021): 253. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jimaging7120253.

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Radiographic imaging with muons, also called Muography, is based on the measurement of the absorption of muons, generated by the interaction of cosmic rays with the earth’s atmosphere, in matter. Muons are elementary particles with high penetrating power, a characteristic that makes them capable of crossing bodies of dimensions of the order of hundreds of meters. The interior of bodies the size of a pyramid or a volcano can be seen directly with the use of this technique, which can rely on highly segmented muon trackers. Since the muon flux is distributed in energy over a wide spectrum that de

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WANG DeXin, ZHANG Rui, YU DeKang, et al. "Observation and Research on Cosmic Ray Muons and Solar Modulation Effect Based on Plastic Scintillator Detector." Acta Physica Sinica 74, no. 5 (2025): 0. https://doi.org/10.7498/aps.74.20241704.

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Cosmic rays, originating from celestial phenomena such as stars, supernovae, and other astrophysical sources, are composed of high-energy particles that enter Earth’ s atmosphere. Upon interaction with atmospheric nuclei, these primary cosmic rays generate an array of secondary particles, with muons constituting the dominant component at ground level. Muons, due to their relative abundance, stability, and well-characterized energy loss mechanisms, serve as critical probes for investigating the fundamental properties of cosmic rays. Studies of muon energy distribution, diurnal anisotropy, and t

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Varsi, F., S. Ahmad, M. Chakraborty, et al. "A GEANT4 based simulation framework for the large area muon telescope of the GRAPES-3 experiment." Journal of Instrumentation 18, no. 03 (2023): P03046. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/18/03/p03046.

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Abstract The GRAPES-3 experiment located in Ooty, India, samples the electron and muon components in extensive air showers using an array of plastic scintillator detectors and a muon telescope (G3MT) consisting of proportional counters to study the composition of primary cosmic rays (PCRs) as well as γ-ray sources in the TeV–PeV energy range. The G3MT is designed with an appropriate mass absorber to shield the electromagnetic and hadronic components in the shower and to detect muons above 1 GeV×sec(θ) energy, incident from a zenith angle θ. We developed a simulation framework based on the GEAN

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Pant, A. D. "A Review of Life Science Studies with Muons." Journal of Nepal Physical Society 7, no. 1 (2021): 49–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnphyssoc.v7i1.36975.

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Positive muon is a spin half elementary particle lies in the second generation leptons in standard model of particles. It has been used as a sensitive magnetic (spin) probe for study of life and materials. Due to its special characteristics – 100% polarization and asymmetric decay to positron, it provides information about local electronic and spin states of material in which it stops. The asymmetry, relaxation of muon and its charge states in materials provide information about the interested phenomena. For life sciences study, muon can probe the dynamics of electron, proton, ions, H, O2, rea

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Holmlid, Leif. "Charge Asymmetry of Muons Generated in a Muon Generator from Ultra-Dense Hydrogen D(0) and p(0)." Particles 6, no. 1 (2023): 188–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/particles6010010.

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Laser-induced nuclear reactions in ultra-dense hydrogen H(0) (review in Physica Scripta 2019) create mesons (kaons and pions). These mesons decay mainly to muons. The muons created are useful (patented source) for the muon-induced fusion process. The sign of the muons from the source depends on the initial baryons used. With D(0) (ultra-dense deuterium) the source produces mainly positive muons and with p(0) (ultra-dense protium) the source produces mainly negative muons. Negative muons are required for muon-induced fusion. This charge asymmetry was reported earlier, and has now been confirmed

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Forrest, David, and F. J. P. Soler. "A new application for the Grid: muon ionization cooling for a Neutrino Factory." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 368, no. 1926 (2010): 4103–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2010.0161.

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The muon ionization cooling experiment (MICE) will demonstrate a new technique for reducing the transverse emittance of a beam of muon particles, which are a species of lepton heavier than the electron species, essential for the realization of a future Neutrino Factory research facility. The first use of the Grid within MICE was to run thousands of Monte Carlo simulations to determine the alignment and statistical errors associated with measurements in MICE, which are made at two points in space on a similar sample of particles. The results of this study quantified the effect of correlations b

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Castelli, Luca. "Machine Learning Approach to Shield Optimization at Muon Collider." Particles 8, no. 1 (2025): 25. https://doi.org/10.3390/particles8010025.

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Muon collisions are considered a promising means for exploring the energy frontier, leading to a detailed study of the possible feasibility challenges. Beam intensities of the order of 1012 muons per bunch are needed to achieve the necessary luminosity, generating a high flux of secondary and tertiary particles from muons decay that reach both the machine elements and the detector region. To limit the impact of this background on the physics performance, tungsten shieldings have been studied. A machine learning-based approach to the geometry optimization of these shieldings will be discussed.

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Manabe, Seiya, Yukinobu Watanabe, Megumi Niikura, et al. "Emissions of Hydrogen Isotopes from the Nuclear Muon Capture Reaction in ^natSi." EPJ Web of Conferences 284 (2023): 01029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202328401029.

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The energy spectra of protons, deuterons and tritons produced by the nuclear muon capture reaction in natSi were measured at the M1 beam line of Muon Science Innovative Channel (MuSIC) in Research Center for Nuclear Physics (RCNP) using a counter telescope consisting of a Si detector and a CsI(Tl) scintillation detector. The measured energy spectra were consistent with the previous ones. The experimental energy spectra were compared with theoretical model calculations using the Particle and Heavy Ion Transport code System (PHITS). In PHITS, both the dynamical and statistical processes in the n

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Dordevic, Milos. "The CMS Particle Flow Algorithm." EPJ Web of Conferences 191 (2018): 02016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201819102016.

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The event reconstruction at the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is predominantly based on the Particle Flow algorithm. This algorithm for a global event description uses the information from all subdetector systems, unlike the previous, traditional approaches that were focused on the localized information in each subdetector. These traditional methods use the raw information (tracks, hits), while the Particle Flow algorithm completely reconstructs the event by identifying and reconstructing the comprehensive list of final-state particles (photons,

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D’Errico, Mariaelena, Fabio Ambrosino, Luigi Cimmino, et al. "Muon Radiography Investigations in Boreholes with a Newly Designed Cylindrical Detector." Instruments 7, no. 1 (2022): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/instruments7010002.

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Muons are constantly produced in cosmic-rays and reach the Earth surface with a flux of about 160 particles per second per square meter. The abundance of muons with respect to other cosmic particles and their capability to cross dense materials with low absorption rate allow them to be exploited for large scale geological or human-made object imaging. Muon radiography is based on similar principles as X-ray radiography, measuring the surviving rate of muons escaping the target and relating it to the mass distribution inside the object. In the course of decades, after the first application in 1

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Kedar, S., H. K. M. Tanaka, C. J. Naudet, C. E. Jones, J. P. Plaut, and F. H. Webb. "Muon radiography for exploration of Mars geology." Geoscientific Instrumentation, Methods and Data Systems Discussions 2, no. 2 (2012): 829–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gid-2-829-2012.

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Abstract. Muon radiography is a technique that uses naturally occurring showers of muons (penetrating particles generated by cosmic rays) to image the interior of large scale geological structures in much the same way as standard X-ray radiography is used to image the interior of smaller objects. Recent developments and application of the technique to terrestrial volcanoes have demonstrated that a low-power, passive muon detector can peer deep into geological structures up to several kilometers in size, and provide crisp density profile images of their interior at ten meter scale resolution. P

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Kedar, S., H. K. M. Tanaka, C. J. Naudet, C. E. Jones, J. P. Plaut, and F. H. Webb. "Muon radiography for exploration of Mars geology." Geoscientific Instrumentation, Methods and Data Systems 2, no. 1 (2013): 157–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gi-2-157-2013.

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Abstract. Muon radiography is a technique that uses naturally occurring showers of muons (penetrating particles generated by cosmic rays) to image the interior of large-scale geological structures in much the same way as standard X-ray radiography is used to image the interior of smaller objects. Recent developments and application of the technique to terrestrial volcanoes have demonstrated that a low-power, passive muon detector can peer deep into geological structures up to several kilometers in size, and provide crisp density profile images of their interior at ten meter scale resolution. P

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Bielewicz, M., A. Bancer, M. Barabanov, et al. "Conceptual design report of the MPD Cosmic Ray Detector (MCORD)." Journal of Instrumentation 16, no. 11 (2021): P11035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/16/11/p11035.

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Abstract This report presents a concept of constructing a detector dedicated for detection of muons observed during measurements carried out at the MPD (Multi-Purpose Detector) detector that is currently under construction at the NICA facility, Russia, Dubna. It has been proposed to design and build an additional detector that will complement the current MPD set and increase its measurement capabilities. The main goal of this project is to provide information from cosmic muons that pass the MPD detector in both in-beam and off-beam experiments. Hence, the detector is called the MPD COsmic Ray

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Lo Presti, Domenico, Giuseppe Gallo, Danilo Bonanno, Daniele Bongiovanni, Fabio Longhitano, and Santo Reito. "Feasibility Study of a New Cherenkov Detector for Improving Volcano Muography." Sensors 19, no. 5 (2019): 1183. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19051183.

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Muography is an expanding technique for internal structure investigation of large volume object, such as pyramids, volcanoes and also underground cavities. It is based on the attenuation of muon flux through the target in a way similar to the attenuation of X-ray flux through the human body for standard radiography. Muon imaging have to face with high background level, especially compared with the tiny near horizontal muon flux. In this paper the authors propose an innovative technique based on the measurement of Cherenkov radiation by Silicon photo-multipliers arrays to be integrated in a sta

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Singh, Jaydip. "Muon energy reconstruction for applications in neutrino astronomy in the DUNE far detector." Journal of Instrumentation 18, no. 10 (2023): C10026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/18/10/c10026.

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Abstract DUNE (Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment) is a proposed long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiment located in the United States. The main physics objectives of DUNE are to measure neutrino oscillations and interactions, search for nucleon decay, observe supernova neutrino bursts and beyond Standard Model (BSM) effects. The DUNE far detector will be located 4850 feet underground at the Sanford Underground Research Facility in Lead, South Dakota. It will house the world's largest liquid-argon time projection chambers (TPC). The DUNE far detector can detect high-energy leptons that

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Lawie, Megan Rose, Freddie Vosper, Linda Cremonesi, and Alexander Booth. "Exploring the Sensitivity of MiniPix Devices to the Detection of a Variety of Particles." Emerging Minds Journal for Student Research 1 (September 16, 2023): 90–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.59973/emjsr.26.

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The MiniPix EDU devices by ADVACAM have been used to study electrons, muons and alpha particles from both thoriated tungsten rods and natural sources. The natural radiation experiments looked at muons, focusing on the determination of muon count as a function of detector altitude and inclination with respect to the horizon. This included taking readings at ground level compared to those atop a building, and the floors in between, and rotating the detector face a certain angle to find the optimal angle to detect muons. The experiments involving a radiation source looked at alpha and beta decay.

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Tarazona, D. A., M. Berz, and K. Makino. "Muon loss rates from betatron resonances at the Muon g − 2 Storage Ring at Fermilab." International Journal of Modern Physics A 34, no. 36 (2019): 1942008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x19420089.

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The Muon [Formula: see text] Experiment at Fermilab (E989) is directed toward measuring the muon magnetic anomaly, [Formula: see text], with total statistical and systematic errors of 0.14 ppm. This new measurement will serve as strong probe of effects of as yet undiscovered particles beyond the Standard Model (SM), and perhaps validate or disprove other theoretical models beyond the SM. Of special interest is the reduction of muon losses from the storage ring to achieve the precision needed at the Muon [Formula: see text] Experiment. For this purpose, we have developed a detailed and precise

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Takeishi, R. "Study of muons in extensive air showers from ultra-high energy cosmic rays measured with the Telescope Array experiment." EPJ Web of Conferences 208 (2019): 08004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201920808004.

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The origin of ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) has been a long-standing mystery. One of the uncertainties in UHECR observation derives from the hadronic interaction model used for air shower Monte-Carlo (MC) simulations. The number of muons observed at ground level from UHECR induced air showers is expected to depend upon the composition of primary cosmic rays. The MC prediction also depends on hadronic interaction models. One may test the hadronic interaction models by comparing the measured number of muons with the MC prediction. The Telescope Array (TA) is the largest experiment in th

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Sogarwal, Hariom, and Prashant Shukla. "Measurement of atmospheric muon angular distribution using a portable setup of liquid scintillator bars." Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics 2022, no. 07 (2022): 011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2022/07/011.

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Abstract Measurements of cosmogenic particles at various locations and altitudes are becoming increasingly important in view of worldwide interests in rare signals for search of new physics. In this work, we report measurement of muon zenith angle distributions and vertical flux using a portable setup of four one-meter long liquid scintillator bars. Each scintillator bar is read out from both sides via photomultiplier tubes followed by an 8-channel Digitizer. We exploit energy deposition and excellent timing of scintillators to construct two dimensional tracks and hence angles of charged parti

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Clay, R. W., Z. Kurban, A. H. Maghrabi, and N. R. Wild. "A Cosmic Ray Muon Detector for Astronomy Teaching." Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia 17, no. 2 (2000): 171–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/as00171.

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AbstractPractical astronomy is usually taught using optical telescopes or, more rarely, radio telescopes. For a similar cost, complementary studies may be made of astrophysical particles through the use of a modestly sized muon detector. Such a detector records the arrival of cosmic ray particles that have traversed the heliosphere and the rate of muon detections reflects the flux of those particles. That flux is controlled by the day to day properties of the heliosphere which is in a state of constant change as the outflowing solar wind is affected by solar activity. As a consequence, a labor

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Hardiyanto, Moh. "Quantum Approximation for Josephson's Tunneling in Th_x DUO₂ Nano Material for 535 Tesla at Muon Cyclotron." Advanced Materials Research 789 (September 2013): 157–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.789.157.

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The convergence quantum states of free covariant equation in Einsteins space with quantum condition is studied using the ABR (Abrikosov-Balseiro-Russell) formulation in convergence approximation for Josephson tunneling is important role for determine of neutrino particle existing, especially after Cerenkovs effect for 517 tesla super magnetic at Large Hadron Collider (LHC) Cyclotron in CERN, Lyon, France based on ThxDUO2nanomaterial. This approaching will be solved the problem for determine the value of interstellar Electrical Conductivity (EC) on DUO2chain reaction, then the post condition of

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Vinay Kumar. "Analysis of the Behaviour of Particles in a Particle Accelerator: A Particle Physics and High-Energy Collision Study." International Research Journal on Advanced Engineering and Management (IRJAEM) 3, no. 04 (2025): 1204–13. https://doi.org/10.47392/irjaem.2025.0198.

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This study investigates the behaviour of particles in high-energy proton-proton collisions within the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at energy levels of 13 TeV, focusing on the emergence of new particles and energy distribution following these collisions. Using a dataset of 1.6 billion collision events, the study employed the ROOT software framework for data pre-processing, filtering, and statistical analysis. Key objectives included identifying patterns in particle production, energy transfer, and decay processes. The results revealed that protons dominated the particle types detected (59.82%),

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