Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Murciélagos - Perú - Distribución geográfica'
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Márquez, Donayre Gisella Gloria. "Diversidad, distribución y conservación de murciélagos en las yungas de la cuenca media del Río Tambopata -Puno." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2011. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/15042.
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Ruelas, Pacheco Dennisse Cinthya. "Análisis biogeográfico de Carollia brevicauda y C. perspicillata (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae)." Master's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2017. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/7511.
Full textLos murciélagos colicortos Carollia brevicauda y C. perspicillata están entre los mamíferos más comunes del Neotrópico y están ampliamente distribuidos. Diversos autores han reportado gran variabilidad entre sus poblaciones; sin embargo, frecuentemente ambas especies son confundidas entre sí en las determinaciones. Diversos estudios se han realizado para comprender sus patrones de distribución y dispersión ya que se encuentran a ambos lados de los Andes. Lo que se pretendes es analizar los patrones biogeográficos de Carollia brevicauda y C. perspicillata, para ello, se propone una caracterización morfológica que permita diferenciarlas, se analiza las poblaciones de ambas especies para probar el rol de barrera de la Depresión de Huancabamba (DH) ubicada entre los Andes de Perú y Ecuador, y finalmente se prueba el rol de los Andes como barrera en la dispersión de ambas especies.
Tesis
Cadenillas, Ordinola Richard Eduardo. "Diversidad, ecología y análisis biogeográfico de los murciélagos del Parque Nacional Cerros de Amotape, Tumbes Perú." Master's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2010. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/2121.
Full textWe report 36 bat species from Parque Nacional Cerros de Amotape, but summary all the previous record the bat species from this place are 42, but with other assessment from near zones the bat species diversity will be 52. The most abundance bat was Artibeus fraterculus 4.94 ind/10-RN, but by habitat, Artibeus jamaicensis was the most abundance in the Pacific Tropical Rainforest (PTR) with 0.97 ind/10-RN, in the ecotono (Pacific Tropical Rainforest-Equatorial Dry Forest) the most abundance specie was Artibeus fraterculus with 6.10 ind/10- RN, and on the Equatorial Dry Forest the most abundance specie was Artibeus fraterculus with 9.25 ind/10-RN. We found significance different in the abundance between the habitat (F = 2.121; df = 72; p = 0.000240) To study the similarity of the bat fauna of the Pacific Tropical forests of Northwestern Peru with other Neotropical lowland rainforests, we reviewed the distribution of 167 species from 20 localities: three in Central America, 12 on the Amazonian basin, and five from the western Andes using a Parsimony Analysis of Endemicity (PAE) and a UPGMA. Both analyses support that bat fauna of the Pacific Tropical forests is more similar to bat fauna from Central America than to the Amazonian basin; in agreement with results based on birds (Cracraft & Prum, 1988), and beetles (Morrone, 2006); supporting as well the Caribean subregion of Morrone (2006). Our results concur with molecular analyses on the genus Artibeus, Glossophaga, Carollia, and Uroderma, that suggest that the Andean cordillera is a great vicariant barrier, and that Central American taxa are more related to Western versant rather than Eastern versant taxa. In northwestern Peru, 42 species were reported, including nine endemics to the Caribean subregion (Lonchophylla hesperia, Artibeus fraterculus, A. jamaicensis, Artibeus ravus, Platyrrhinus matapalensis, Amorphochilus schnablii, Eptesicus innoxius, and Rhogeessa velilla); and 17 species with subspecies different to those from the Amazonian basin (Noctilio leporinus, Chrotopterus auritus, Lophostoma silvicolum, Mimon crenulatum, Phyllostomus hastatus, P. discolor, Desmodus rotundus, Anoura geoffroyi, Glossophaga soricina, Carollia perspicillata, A. lituratus, Chiroderma villosum, Uroderma bilobatum, Lasiurus blossevillii, L. ega, Myotis nigricans, and Molossus molossus). Tumbes, in Perú, represents the southern border of the Caribean subregion.
Tesis
Quintana, Navarrete Heidi Luisiana. "Distribución y modelamiento por Maxent de los mamíferos endémicos de Perú." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2011. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/15033.
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Monsalve, López Christhian. "Taxonomía y distribución de la familia Brassicaceae en la provincia de Huaylas, Ancash." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2003. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/807.
Full text--- In the Huaylas province there is a great diversity of andean ecosystems in which the Brassicaceae family is one of the most representative plant families. In order to determine and characterize such diversity, a taxonomic and distributional study of the Brassicaceae family was carried out in the Huaylas province, Ancash department. The species were collected and processed following standard methods. The determinations were done using taxonomic keys and through the consult and comparison of the material available in the San Marcos Herbarium (USM). The geographic distribution and the altitudinal ranges were established for each one of the species through the mapping of the collect localities over base maps of Huaylas province. A total of 12 genera and 25 species were found in the Huaylas province, from which 8 are additions to the species of the Brassicaceae family previously reported for the Ancash department like Descurainia depressa, Draba alyssoides and Sisymbrium peruvianum. Of the 25 species presented in the Huaylas province, 18 were found in both the Cordillera Negra and the Cordillera Blanca, 6 only in the Cordillera Negra and 1 only in the Cordillera Blanca. Any of the species reported as endemic for Ancash was found in the Huaylas province. Differences among the altitudinal ranges of the genera and species of the same genera were found. 44% of the species were collected exclusively over 3500 m above the sea level. The number of species reported for Huaylas was increased in near the double.
Tesis
Machahua, Gonzalez Miguel. "Astrocaryum sec. Huicungo: Distribución de las especies en el Perú, y análisis de la variabilidad vegetativa y poblacional de Astrocaryum chonta y A. Javarense(arecaceae)." Master's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2012. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/2122.
Full text--- The principal objectives of this work were (i) to represent the geographic distribution of species of section Huicungo for the genus Astrocaryum in Peru and (ii) to characterize the vegetative variability and population structure of Astrocaryum chonta and Astrocaryum javarense in Jenaro Herrera, Requena, Loreto, Peru. For geographic distribution, coordinate data from botanic collections of 12 species was recorded and processed. In Jenaro Herrera, 40 quadrants of 20 x 20 m was studied for each type of forest, floodplain (Estero and Shapajal) and terra firme (Copal and Fierrocaño) forest; quantitative data of vegetative characters and population structure of A. chonta and A. javarense by stage of development (adult plant, juvenile II, juvenile I and seedling) were recorded for each quadrant; also, the structure of each forest was characterized (basal area, vertical profile and light intensity). The geographic distribution of the 12 species in Peruvian Amazon was essentially parapatric, all of them develops below 1000m, except for A. faranae which reach 1650m altitude. The limits between distribution areas were related with geographical, geomorphological and ecological barriers. The vegetative variability comparison of Astrocaryum chonta at floodplain forest showed significant differences in 6 characters for adult plants, 3 for juvenile II, 3 for juvenile I and 2 for seedlings; at population structure level, only the number of adult plants was significantly higher at the Estero floodplain forest. The vegetative variability comparison of Astrocaryum javarense at terrafirme forest showed significant differences in 10 characters for adult plants, 6 for juvenile II, 5 for juvenile I and 3 for seedlings; differences in the number of individuals was not significant. The comparison of vegetative morphology between Astrocaryum chonta and A. javarense showed significant differences (p<0.01; 0.05) in 13 characters for adult plants, 7 for juvenile II, 5 for juvenile I and 1 for seedlings; at level of populations structure, A. chonta in flood plain forest presented significantly higher number of juvenile I and seedlings than A. javarense in terra firme forest. Key words: Arecaceae, Astrocaryum, geographic distribution, morphology variability, structure forest.
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Rivera, González Dani Enrique. "Estudio comparativo entre especies del género Atractus (Colubridae: Dipsadinae) del Perú : análisis de sus relaciones fenéticas utilizando caracteres de la morfología externa, morfometría y merística." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2009. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/906.
Full text--- A revision of the species of the genus Atractus that inhabit Peru was made using external morphological characters (morphometry and meristics), in a total of 14 species. Diagnosis and a key to the species of the genus for Peru are presented and the taxonomic value of their characters is evaluated through a principal component and a discriminant analysis: establishing the length of rostral and loreal scales as crucial characters to the creation of species groups; two species groups are formed: badius and elaps. Cluster analysis were also made in order to support the creation of these species groups. The status of four species is discussed and a possible new species is identified. A distribution map of the Atractus species found in Peru is also shown and the biogeographic hypotheses among these groups are discussed. Apparently, the origin of this genus is the Amazon, and it migrated to the west, only in the species of the badius group.
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Oré, Chávez Daniel Saúl. "Estructura Genética de la población de merluza meruana (Merluccius Gayi Peruanus) (Primavera, 2001) usando variantes de secuencia de la región de control Mitocondrial." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2011. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/1358.
Full textPeruvian hake (Merluccius gayi peruanus) supports a major fishery in the country. Currently the evaluation and management of this resource assumes the presence of a single stock in the north peruvian sea, however, observations in 1997 suggests the existence of two stocks in the north and south of 6 ° S. The aim of this study is to evaluate using mitochondrial markers the presence of one or two units of hake population, which was amplified for the mitochondrial control region of partial and complete, detected with two techniques: Single Strand Conformational Polymorphism (SSCP) and sequencing, respectively. A high haplotype diversity and low nucleotide diversity, with differentiation and structure genetic low, with the possible presence of two matrilineal lines juxtaposed geographically. Likewise there is evidence that the population underwent a recent population expansion event in the late Pleistocene. In conclusion, the Peruvian hake comprises a single panmictic unit north peruvian sea without the presence of genetic structure in populations, which supports the hypothesis of a single stock, requiring the use of other markers such as microsatellites for analysis to multilocus to have better criteria to support the hypothesis. Key words: Peruvian hake, Merluccius, AND mitochondrial, dynamics of populations.
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Salvador, Montoya Carlos Alberto. "Diversidad y distribución de políporos (Basidiomycota) en una gradiente altitudinal del corredor biológico Marcapata-Camanti (Cusco)." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2011. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/1430.
Full text--- Taxonomic and ecological studies of Aphyllophorales through the altitudinal gradients Corridor Biological Marcapata-Camanti (southeast of Cusco) were studied. The basidiomata of polypore among the altitudinal gradients: 500-1000 msnm, 1000-1500 msnm, 2000-2500 msnm and 2500-3000 msnm was collected intensively. For taxonomic study, keys and descriptions were developed, with information about habit, distribution and comments of Hymenochaetales and Polyporales. Forty six species from 102 specimens collected were indentified. For the first orden, 10 species belonging to Hymenocahtaceae. For the second order, 36 species were identified belonging to the families: Fomitopsidaceae (two species), Ganodermataceae (seven species), Meripilaceae (six species), Meruliaceae (Lamelloporus americanus), Phanerochaetaceae (two species) and Polyporaceae (18 species). In the ecological study, Hymenochaetaceae, Ganodermataceae, Phanerochataceae and Polyporaceae occurred in all altitudinal gradients (500-3000 msnm), as well as in the ecosystems: the Amazon, Pre-Montano and Montano or Cloudy Forest in the CBM-C. Fuscoporia gilva, Ganoderma australe and Polyporus leprieurii as well. The mycodiversity among the gradients tourned out to be variable, both Hymenochaetales and Polyporales. The Amazon Forest (500-1000 msnm) had a higher occurrence of species than Pre-Montane Forest (1000-1500 msnm). For the Montane Forest, 2000-2500 msnm presented higher micodiversity then 2500-3000 msnm. Key words: Andean Amazonian Forest, Hymenochaetales, Polyporales, Taxonomy, Ecology.
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Sotil, Caycho Giovanna Elizabeth. "Variación estacional de la madurez gonadal y oogénesis de Chiton cumingsii Frembly, 1827 de Bahía Ancón, Lima-Perú." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2004. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/1408.
Full text--- Chiton cumingsii is a short-distributed species habitant of the intertidal zone fron the cold waters of the Peruvian-Chilean Province (7º-18ºSL), that in high temperatures (19ºC) after the El Niño Event 1997-98, variations in the cycle of the gonadal maturity were observed demanding more metabolic energy following on growth and reproduction, with negative effects in the individuals morphometric and the oocytes citometric. Analysis of variations in the gonadal maturity was done evaluating the gonadal indices and histological features in samples collected from october 1998 to november 1999 in Ancon Bay, while by histochemical analysis was described the morphological development and oocytes-carbohydrates dynamics in oogenesis. The sex ratio was of 4:3 in favor to males without significant differences, except during the spawning stage of april and august. No significant differences between sexes were found in the morphological measures, but higher correlations between length and weight were observed in males. In reproductive analysis, the onset of gametogenesis coincided with increasing sea temperatures in early autumn and decreasing temperatures in spring. Spawnings were in decreasing temperatures in later winter–spring with higher gonadic index values. Histological and histochemical results differentiated five cellular stages in oogenesis. Oogonia, 14_m cells with scarce basophilic cytoplasm are surrounded by few flat follicle cells. In pre-vitellogenetic immature oocytes occurs an increment of mucopolysaccharid acid in cytoplasmic vesicles, while at the end of the immature terminal oocytes (Oc2) begins the vitellogenesis with a reduction of vesicle size, presence of PAS and glycogen-like material spots near them, and the beginning of chorion formation. Dense masses of yolk in primary vitellogenic in mature oocytes (Oc3) completely fill the cytoplasm, decreasing the basophily in secondary vitellogenic mature oocytes (Oc4). Reaching full growth 165_m oocyte size, a chorion differentiated into a series of 38 _m cupules-shape length with distal folds, structured by three (mucopolysaccharid, glycoproteins and lipids) layers. Even no seasonal variations in quantity of reserve material were found, considerable reductions in oocyte size were related to the higher temperatures of 19°C. The presence of glycoproteins in follicle cells is attributed to the chorion formation, while a gradient in mucopolysaccharid and glycogen material during maturity indicates a transfer activity between follicle cells and oocytes.
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Lao, Magin Rafael, Pollito Percy Zevallos, and Silva Horacio de la Cruz. "Información preliminar de la ecología, dendrología y distribución geográfica de las especies del genero Polylepis en el Perú." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Centro de Investigación en Geografía Aplicada, 2014. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/119340.
Full textDelgado, Pease Santiago Enrique. "Estudio de la distribución geográfica y ecológica del "suri" (Rhea pennata) en el área de conservación regional Vilacota Maure (Tacna, Perú)." Bachelor's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12404/14267.
Full textOvergrazing dynamics, the construction of hamlets, illegal poaching, amongst other facts, had driven a very singular specie of andean bird to the brink of extinction in the national territory. This bird is the “suri” (Rhea pennata D’Orbigny, 1834). This is a specie of non-flying bird that occurs in the highlands of the South American Altiplano, with an average size of little more than one metre. It is known that the specie can present less than 400 individuals within the national territory’s limits. Akin to the African ostrich, to the Australian emu, and the New Zealand cassowary, the genus Rhea includes the biggest birds of the entire continent. The first National Suri Census allowed to know how endangered the specie was within our country. Henceforth, the conscientious implementation of regional politics, like the implementation of the Regional Conservation Area of Vilacota Maure, had allowed to make progresses in what refers to conservation: a very important portion of the population of this specie is placed within the already mentioned natural protected area. Although the mentioned efforts to preserve R. pennata from the extinction, it is very pertinent to encourage the investigations that may allow to identify the distribution parameters of this specie, in order to help to achieve its conservation, that it may avoid the extinction of such a peculiar bird in the Peruvian territory. The present investigation aims to determine the actual situation, both ecological and geographical, within the Regional Conservation Area of Vilacota Maure; to identify the way human populations may act as a limitation of distribution of the “suri”; and, by the usance of the Maximum Entropy Coefficient (MaxEnt), estimate the potential distribution of this specie within the Regional Conservation Area. Notwithstanding the efforts made, there are still in existence grazing dynamics within the limits of the Regional Conservation Area of Vilacota Maure, by which this specie is still menaced. The population centres are placed very close to the areas in which Rhea pennata can observe a better distribution, due to -setting an example- their closure to the “bofedales” (sing. “bofedal”, i.e., Andean wetland), that the studied specie requires to obtain the vegetation on which it feeds, and obtain the water it drinks. The studied specie, also, shuns mankind, and prefers to stay far from it. This apparent interespecific competition may entail an impediment to the efforts made conscientiously by the Regional Government. With populations that are distributed by the altoandean regions of Chile, Bolivia, Argentina, and Peru, Rhea is the sole and only genus of the Struthionidae family that occurs in the American continent, containing the species R. americana and R. pennata. Rhea pennata is a specie that, within the national limits, bases its distribution in the highest provinces of the regions of Puno, Tacna, and Moquegua. According to the chronist Inca Garcilaso de la Vega, this specie used to develop its distribution in many places of the Altiplano, and he mentions that it was called “suri” by the ancestral populations. In addition, he mentions that this specie was important due to its ceremonial uses: its feathers were used to weave ceremonial caps; and upon its claws, bill, grease, and entrails were attributed mystical qualities. It is a specie that was reverenced, cared, and respected by the prehispanic cultures, and which extinction is worthwhile to be avoided.
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Peralta, Utani María del Carmen. "Diversidad y distribución de roedores en los bosques montanos del departamento de Huánuco, Perú." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2010. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/16256.
Full textDa a conocer la diversidad y distribución de las especies de roedores de los bosques montanos de Huánuco, se evaluaron 12 localidades: Chaupiloma, Ucumaria, Shogos, Hatuncucho, Galloganan, Chinchurragra, Iscarag, Campamento Regional, Campamento Provías, Campamento Ututo, Kenwarajra y Hatuncucho, por tres a cuatro días de muestreo. Se utilizó el método de muestreo por captura (trampas Victor y trampas Sherman), obteniéndose 368 especímenes pertenecientes a 10 especies: Akodon orophilus, Akodon mollis, Calomys sorellus, Microryzomys altissimus, Microryzomys minutus, Oligoryzomys andinus, Phyllotis andium, Thomasomys cf. kalinowskii, Thomasomys incanus y Thomasomys notatus. Se analizaron los datos mediante diferentes índices de diversidad, resultando Ucumaria la localidad más diversa según el índice de Rarefacción (E(S10) = 3.45). Posteriormente se realizó una determinación de hábitats por localidad y transectos, mediante nMDS (escala multidimensional no métrica) y UPGMA (agrupación con promedios de enlace), analizando la similaridad y disimilaridad de los grupos formados con SIMPER (promedio de porcentaje de similaridad). Los resultados indican que la similaridad varía en los diferentes grupos debido a la predominancia de algunas especies de roedores, siendo más comunes A. orophilus, A. mollis, Thomasomys cf. kalinowskii y T. incanus, lo que podría estar directamente relacionado con la complejidad del hábitat, siendo la localidad de Chinchurragra diferente a las demás principalmente por la presencia de A. mollis.
Tavara, Huere Sergia Caleen. "Análisis taxonómico y distribución geográfica de las algas marinas del Perú del Herbario San Marcos (USM) del Museo de Historia Natural, UNMSM." Master's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2013. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/14159.
Full textEstablece grupos de taxones con patrones fitogeográficos definidos: especies endémicas (10.21%), especies subantárticas y relacionadas con la costa de Chile (5.47%), especies tropicales y subtropicales (8.75%), especies bipolares (9.48%) y especies con amplia distribución en la costa del Pacífico (66.05%) y considerar 7 géneros más representativos en relación al número de especies. Las colectas con mayor frecuencia han sido realizadas en la costa norte seguido por colecciones procedentes de la costa central y con menor frecuencia en la costa sur del litoral. El presente estudio representa el primer logro para la sistematización de la colección de algas marinas del país, lo que ha de permitir su incorporación a la base de datos del Herbario San Marcos (USM), conocimiento que nos brindará un mejor manejo de las poblaciones más vulnerables, así como de las especies que tienen importancia económica.
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Zambrano, Chávez Sofía Aimee. "Distribución y abundancia de las aves del Bosque de Zárate, 2004 – 2005." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2010. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/12508.
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Vadillo, Galdos Fiorella Virginia del Carmen. ""Modelamiento espacial aplicado al desarrollo del ecoturismo y la conservación de la avifauna en la vertiente occidental del Perú"." Bachelor's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2017. http://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/handle/123456789/10021.
Full textThe present thesis aims to visualize and determine the potential present and future potential distributions of twenty bird species of the Pacific slope of Peru; moreover, aims to visualize the potential effects of climate change by the year 2050 on the diversity centers of this bird community on study. In this way, this research contributes to biodiversity conservation plans in the context of sustainable development initiatives and ecotourism development in the Pacific slope of Peru. Thanks and through Maxent software, based on bird registers and bioclimatic variables of the study area, it was possible to estimate the present and future potential distributions and some resulting diversity centers of the birds on study. This method applied also estimates the effects of climate change. Thus, the projections were visualized up to the year 2050 according to the climatic models: CCSM4, INMCM4 and MIROC5. The results showed, first, diversity centers through the overlapping of each result of the spatial modelling, resulting on present and potential future geographic distributions for each species. Second, it was possible to observe the degree of influence of climate change on the potential future distribution of the fauna on study. Third, priority areas were identified, and more specifically, whether diversity centers were affected by the climate change. At the end, this research was complemented with proposals and recommendations that contribute to the conservation of species diversity according to its spatial distribution, the diversity centers and the ecosystems contained on study area, all of them related directly to the development of ecotourism regarding birdwatching on the Pacific slope of Peru. In this way, this research final products can be an example of the recent multiple tool hinges that could contribute to economic development of local populations, species conservation plans which, at the end, are policies recommendations by the fifth report of the IPCC of 2014 that ensure a sustainable development.
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Villanueva, Alarcón Juan Abelardo. "Hacia una regulación moderna y unificada de las cláusulas vejatorias en los contratos estipulados unilateralmente dentro del sistema legal peruano." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2010. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/16189.
Full textPublicación a texto completo no autorizada por el autor
Busca demostrar y desarrollar las falencias existentes en el sistema peruano con la regulación existente de los mecanismos contractuales, así como los aspectos y requisitos que, según lo expuesto deben instaurarse en el ordenamiento jurídico peruano, mediante una ley especial sobre el uso de mecanismos contractuales cuyo contenido negocial ha sido estipulado unilateralmente, para que de esa manera se genere una transparencia en la actividades comerciales, que se llevan a cabo dentro del mercado y mantener un equilibrio en las prestaciones de las partes, conllevando con ello a una justicia contractual.
Espinoza, López Ericka Marylin. "Cambios en la distribución espacial de las capturas del jurel (Trachurus murphyi) en el mar peruano entre 1996 y 2007." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/10047.
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Miñano, Lecaros Juan Pablo. "Composición y estructura de la comunidad de Ephemeroptera (Insecta) en quebradas de baja y de gran altitud, Cusco - Perú." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2017. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/6982.
Full textDetermina la composición y estructura de la comunidad de Ephemeroptera en las quebradas de baja y gran altitud en la provincia de Quispicanchi (Cusco, Perú). Se analiza la composición y estructura comunitaria de Ephemeroptera en sustrato pedregoso, de 12 quebradas evaluadas durante mayo y agosto del 2013. Cinco quebradas se ubican en el estrato altitudinal bajo (476 - 1453 msnm) y siete quebradas en el estrato altitudinal alto (3108 - 4411 msnm) en la provincia de Quispicanchi, Cusco, a lo largo de la carretera Interoceánica. Las muestras, en 10 réplicas, son tomadas con una red tipo Surber (30 x 30 cm, 250 µm) y fijadas en alcohol al 96%, así mismo, se miden los principales parámetros fisicoquímicos y se evalúa el hábitat. Son identificados 17 géneros en 17689 individuos de Ephemeroptera, agrupados en cuatro familias. Baetidae es la familia con la mayor diversidad, con nueve géneros, seguida de Leptophlebiidae con cinco géneros, Leptohyphidae con dos géneros y Eutyplociidae con un género. La mayoría de los géneros se presentan a bajas altitudes evidenciando una respuesta a disminuir en su riqueza a medida que la altitud aumenta; se registran los géneros Andesiops (Baetidae) y Meridialaris (Leptophlebiidae) con una presencia constante mayores a 3000 msnm.
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Sifuentes, Torres María Amelia. "Composición, distribución y ecología de la ictiofauna de la cuenca del río Cañete, Lima, Perú." Master's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2017. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/6655.
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Ortiz, Mestanza Willington Luis. "Distribución Espacio-Temporal de la comunidad de Trichoptera (Insecta) en tributarios de pequeño orden del río Rímac, Huarochiri, Lima." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Programa Cybertesis PERÚ, 2012. http://www.cybertesis.edu.pe/sisbib/2012/ortiz_mw/html/index-frames.html.
Full textRomero, Condori Pedro Eduardo. "Filogeografía de Systrophia helicycloides : el reflejo de la dinámica del bosque lluvioso tropical en los genes 16S rRNA y COI de moluscos terrestres." Master's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2010. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/968.
Full textSystrophia helicycloides (d’Orbigny, 1835) is a land snail species which occurs in floodplains and presents a wide distribution in Los Amigos and Bajo Madre de Dios basins (Madre de Dios, Peru). S. helicycloides distribution and low vagility could be use to infer biogeographical processes in the Peruvian Amazon based on its genetic population structure. The aim of this work is to determine the relationship between mollusk’s genetic population structure and dynamic changes that have taken place in the rain tropical forest. Thus, S. helicyloides was collected from Los Amigos (CICRA, CM1) or Bajo Madre de Dios (Inkaterra stations at Palmereto, Gamitana, and Concepción). Total DNA was isolated and mitochondrial genes 16S rRNA and COI were amplified and sequenced. I obtained 46 sequences from 16S rRNA and 9 from COI. Multiple sequence alignment of 16S rRNA consist in 353 positions (190 conserved, 119 variable, and 69 informative), for COI alignment length was 706 sites (513 conserved, 103 variable, and 124 informative). Intraespecific relationships showed three lineages in S. helicycloides: (1) Lineage 1, with restricted or wide-distributed haplotypes, (2) Lineage 2, with haplotypes mainly from Los Amigos, and (3) Lineage 3, with extremely divergent haplotypes mainly from Palmereto. There is not a strong geographical structure of the genetic diversity. Dynamic changes produced the actual genetic structure in S. helicycloides. Historical geoclimatic changes could have produced lineage differentiation and river dynamics could have influenced the distribution of the genetic diversity.
Tesis
Gamboa, Osores Evelyn Fabiola. "Riqueza y distribución altitudinal de los Arctiinae (Erebidae), Sphingidae y Saturniidae (Insecta: Lepidoptera) en la Reserva Paisajística Nor YauyosCochas, Lima, Perú." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/16355.
Full textRojas, Vera Pinto Roxana Andrea. "Revalorando la geografía animal estudio del Isnachi (tremarctos ornatus) en el distrito de Chazuta, San Martín-Parque Nacional Cordillera Azul." Bachelor's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2011. http://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/handle/123456789/833.
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Valenzuela, Mendoza Lisveth Madeleine. "Diversidad, distribución de la ictiofauna en el gradiente altitudinal y estado de conservación del Río Huallaga (Pasco - Huánuco – San Martín)." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/7416.
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Siu, Ting Salvatierra Karen Yvette. "Evaluación de la diversidad críptica en anfibios de amplia distribución en la Amazonía peruana." Master's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2012. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/16294.
Full textEvalúa la diversidad críptica de especies de anfibios de amplia distribución en la Amazonia de Perú, usando los marcadores genéticos más utilizados en el código de barras de anfibios (16S rRNA y COI), y tomando como modelo grupos taxonómicos para los cuales hay antecedentes de diferenciación morfológica y de divergencia genética. El enfoque geográfico del estudio estuvo principalmente definido en ocho localidades de la Amazonia de Perú: Jenaro Herrera, Gueppí, Curupa y Redondococha (en el Departamento de Loreto, norte de Perú); Panguana (Departamento de Huánuco, centro de Perú); Los Amigos, Inkaterra y Tambopata (las tres en el Departamento de Madre de Dios, sureste de Perú), abarcando una distancia geográfica de 1000 km de norte a centro y 790 km de centro a sur. Se enfocó el análisis en algunas especies nominales para cinco géneros: Ameerega, Oreobates, Pristimantis, Hypsiboas y Scinax. Se obtuvo un total de 183 secuencias con el gen 16S rRNA y 181 secuencias con el gen COI en el presente trabajo, las cuales fueron completadas con 407 secuencias del marcador 16S rRNA y 49 secuencias del marcador COI de la literatura. De los análisis filogenéticos se determinó que existe al menos dos linajes divergentes en Ameerega, un linaje divergente en Oreobates, dos linajes divergentes en Pristimantis, ocho en Hypsiboas y tres en Scinax. En el caso de Ameerega, las divergencias entre linajes con el gen 16S rRNA fueron bajas (entre 2% - 3%), mientras que en los linajes obtenidos para Oreobates, Pristimantis, Hypsiboas y Scinax, las divergencias tuvieron valores más altos (entre 4% - 8%). Se utilizó los lineamientos de la taxonomía integrativa y el criterio para clasificar linajes divergentes en especies candidatas confirmadas o no confirmadas. Los resultados de los análisis realizados muestran que hay linajes divergentes que podrían constituir especies candidatas, así se encontró un total de siete especies candidatas confirmadas (una del género Ameerega, una del género Oreobates, y cinco del género Hypsiboas) y diez especies candidatas sin confirmar (una del género Ameerega, dos del género Pristimantis, tres del género Hypsiboas y cuatro del género Scinax). Los resultados del presente estudio generan nueva e importante información que ayudará a incrementar el conocimiento de la diversidad en anfibios de Perú. Para lograr este fin, será necesario complementar con estudios a futuro que provean más datos de morfología y otros aspectos ecológicos y reproductivos que permitan entender la divergencia entre los grupos estudiados. De esta forma, se podría conseguir mejorar el conocimiento del estado taxonómico de dichas especies nominales.
Figueroa, Eche Lourdes Mercedes. "Ecología trófica de Orestias cf. agassii (Cyprinodontiformes: Cyprinodontidae) en ambientes altoandinos entre Ayacucho y Huancavelica (Perú)." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/7542.
Full textDefinir a los estudios de relaciones tróficas como aquellos que proveen una base para el entendimiento de la dinámica ecológica de las poblaciones de peces y de los otros organismos de la comunidad acuática. El conocimiento del uso de recursos alimenticios por peces puede ofrecer información sobre uso de hábitat, disponibilidad de alimento e incluso algunos aspectos del comportamiento (Hahn et al. 2004). Windell & Bowen (1978) sostienen que los estudios de contenido estomacal, brindan la base para el entendimiento del rol ecológico que juegan los peces. La ecología trófica de una especie es, en primera instancia, el fruto de muchos años de evolución reflejados en las estructuras morfológicas relacionadas a esa función, pudiendo o no determinar plasticidad alimentaria de los peces en relación con la disponibilidad de recursos (Lowe-McConnell, 1987; Albrecht & Caramaschi, 2003). La elección de una determinada presa dependerá de un conjunto de factores, tales como tipo, tamaño y abundancia de la presa, riesgo de depredación, competición entre otros (Gerking, 1994). Muchos de estos aspectos son desconocidos en la literatura científica para la gran mayoría de las especies de peces continentales del Perú. Los estudios tróficos de peces realizados son escasos y más aún en ambientes ubicados en grandes altitudes (por encima de los 3500 msnm).
Tesis
Barriga, Rivera Edward. "Variación en los patrones de distribución y abundancia de merluza (Merluccius gayi peruanus Ginsburg, 1954) frente a la costa norte de Perú (2004 - 2014)." Master's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2017. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/7251.
Full textAnaliza los cambios en los patrones de distribución y abundancia de merluza, a partir de la estandarización de la tasas de captura de una serie temporal de 2004 a 2014, utilizando un modelo lineal generalizado cuyas variables explicativas son año, mes, flota, sector, estrato y la variable ambiental ONI (Oscillation El Niño Index). Las variaciones espaciales y temporales de la tasa de captura estandarizada, como indicador de abundancia relativa, indican que el stock disponible de merluza experimentó cambios en su distribución y abundancia entre 2004 y 2014, mostrando tres escenarios: el primero entre 2004 y 2006 con tendencia descendente de los niveles de abundancia y distribución, integrado por merluzas con talla media que decayó de 31 a 26 cm, un segundo escenario entre 2007 y 2011 con niveles de abundancia casi constantes y notorias fluctuaciones estacionales en su abundancia, distribución y talla media, influenciados por la variabilidad estacional de la ESCC, y un tercer escenario entre marzo de 2012 y mitad de 2014 con niveles de abundancia superiores a los escenarios anteriores, los más altos del periodo analizado, integrado por ejemplares con talla media de 35 cm. En general, a partir de 2007 la población de merluza frente a la costa norte del Perú, mostró tendencias positivas en su distribución, abundancia y estructura poblacional, atribuibles a la presencia de condiciones favorables del medio marino y a las medidas de ordenamiento pesquero implementadas en este periodo.
Tesis
Loyola, Bartra Alejandro Omar. "Diversidad y distribución espacial de la ictiofauna en las cuencas de los ríos Yaguas y Cotuhé durante la época seca del 2010, Loreto, Perú." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/7296.
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Ortiz, Mestanza Willington Luis. "Distribución espacio-temporal de la comunidad de Trichoptera (Insecta) en tributarios de pequeño orden del río Rímac, Huarochirí, Lima." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2012. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/1428.
Full textThe Trichoptera larvae community was studied in two tributaries from the Rimac River, located at the district of Matucana, with the aim to study the spatial and temporal distribution of the community. The research was made at Curipata stream (1st order) and Chucumayo (3rd order), from spring 2008 to winter 2009. The samples were taken from five microhabitas, small cobble (Pp), large cobble (Pm), rock with moss (Rc), rooted aquatic plant (Rp) and pool with algae (Pz). The two tributaries were described as reference sites by the Riparian, Channel and Environmental Inventory and the Protocol for Evaluation of the Ecological Status of Andean Rivers (CERA). It was collected 2387 Trichoptera larvae, belong to 4 families and 5 genus, Smicridea, Atopsyche, Cailloma, Metrichia and Anomalocosmoecus; being the most abundant Smicridea. Key words: Trichoptera, larvae, high Andean, microhabitat, seasonality.
Tesis
Valenzuela, Reyna Silvia Soledad. "Ictiofauna y estado de conservación de la cuenca del río Tumbes (Tumbes)." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2014. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/3887.
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Jiménez, Campeán Analí. "Variación espacial de la diversidad de anfípodos bentónicos en la plataforma continental centro-norte del Perú (3. 4° - 9° s), en los otoños de 2004 a 2010." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/7435.
Full textDescribe la distribución espacial de anfípodos bentónicos sublitorales frente a Perú (3°24’ - 9°00’S y 79°30’ - 81°30’W) en base al análisis de 181 muestras de fondo blando colectadas con una draga tipo Van Veen de 0.1 m-2 de cobertura, a profundidades que oscilaron entre 22 y 380 m durante la estación de otoño, entre los años 2004 a 2010. El estudio determinó un total de 43 taxa en la Plataforma Continental centro- norte peruana, contenidas en los subórdenes Amphilochidea y Senticaudata. Las familias con mayor riqueza fueron: Ampeliscidae, 11 taxa, Oedicerotidae y Photidae, 4 taxa cada una; Liljeborgiidae, 3, Phoxocephalidae, Synopiidae, Megaluropidae, y Lysianassidae, con 2 taxa cada una. Heterophoxus oculatus y Ampelisca mexicana fueron las especies más frecuentes, entre 50 y 200 m de profundidad, al norte de los 6° S. La riqueza de especies exhibió correlaciones positivas con altos niveles de oxigenación y baja concentración de clorofila-a en el sedimento superficial (p<0.01). No obstante, entre los 6° y 9° S se observó la dominancia de Ampelisca araucana asociada a condiciones moderadas de hipoxia (OD< 0.5 mL/L) y altos contenidos de materia orgánica fresca (Cl-a) en el sedimento superficial. Asimismo, estos factores determinaron la agrupación de dos asociaciones de especies con microhábitats incluidos dentro de la provincia panameña, incluyendo la zona de transición frente a Paita, y otra en la provincia peruana.
Tesis
Chuctaya, Vasquez Junior Alberto. "Diversidad de la ictiofauna y variaciones espacio temporales en los ambientes lénticos de la cuenca del río Ampiyacu (Loreto) en el período agosto 2009-julio 2010." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2014. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/3861.
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Castagnino, Vera Romina. "Biogeografía de la conservación en el neotrópico : estudio del ocelote (Leopardus pardalis) en el distrito de Las Piedras, Madre de Dios, Perú." Bachelor's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2015. http://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/handle/123456789/6400.
Full textAn ecological study of the ocelot (Leopardus pardalis) has not been done before in the district of Las Piedras, Peru. This investigation seeks to begin closing the gap on the scientific production of feline studies in this region and contribute to the local conservation status and population health of this important meso predator. Additionally, the ocelot being a popular specie amongst tourists, helps promote the ecolodge’s tourism. Ecotourism presents an excellent alternative to improve the development of the district of Las Piedras through a dual function: implementation of conservation strategies and the creation of employment for the local population. The study area is an 11,000 ha. conservation and ecotourism concession owned by the ecolodge Amazon Research and Conservation Center. Using a combination of satellite images and GIS software, we performed a multi-temporal analysis of deforestation in the study area from 2000 to 2013 and found that most of it is located in the southern area of Tambopata province and along the Interoceanic Highway. For the home range analysis we installed 73 cameras over a sampling period of 7 months (August 2012 - February 2013) divided into 9 rounds. In total 8 individual ocelots were identified from which only 3 (A1, A3 and A6) were recaptured on more than one occasion. Using a capture-recapture analysis along with the distances between recaptures we found the effective sampling area using the following methods: Mean Maximum Distance Moved (MMDM) and ½ MMDM (with 0.4 km and 0.2 km between recaptures, respectively). The models yielded a population density of 0.7 ocelots/km2 with MMDM, and 1.8 ocelotes/km2 with ½ MMDM. On the other hand, using the software PRESENCE we analized the camera traps capture probability. Through a constant model and a closed population analysis it was estimated that the detection for each round was 0.3 (SE 0.0567). Finally, using a combination of satellite imagery and GIS software, we analyzed the ocelot habitat and we found that these animals frequently use transects aimed for tourists, they prefer floodplains nearby banks of rivers and lakes, and that they avoid bamboo forests and swaps. We conclude that ecotourism, through constant monitoring of wildlife, can help understand and preserve biodiversity in the Amazon. We used the ocelot as a model because it has a valuable ecological and touristic role. However, there are many other animals that can be used as a symbol to promote ecotourism and promote conservation. Camera trap methodology used in this study may be part of a conservation model that can be replicable in other parts of the Amazon that have a similar geographic context. The ARCC ecolodge aims to present a monitoring model that can serve as a guide for other initiatives in Las Piedras and create an ecotourism corridor with other ecolodges settled along the river Las Piedras.
Tesis
Castillo, Alva Javier Eduardo. "Determinación de la proporción sexual y su relación con la hora pico de desove de la anchoveta engraulis ringes (Jenyns, 1842) durante el periodo 2000-2009 en la región norte-centro del Perú." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2012. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/3793.
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