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Journal articles on the topic 'Musca domestica (common house fly)'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Gibson, Gary A. P., and Kevin Floate. "Species of Trichomalopsis (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) associated with filth flies (Diptera: Muscidae) in North America." Canadian Entomologist 133, no. 1 (February 2001): 49–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/ent13349-1.

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AbstractFive species of Trichomalopsis Crawford associated with Haematobia irritans (L.) (horn fly), Musca domestica L. (house fly), Musca autumnalis DeGeer (face fly), and Stomoxys calcitrans (L.) (stable fly) in North America are reviewed. The species Trichomalopsis americana (Gahan), Trichomalopsis dubia (Ashmead), Trichomalopsis sarcophagae (Gahan), Trichomalopsis tachinae (Gahan), and Trichomalopsis viridescens (Walsh) are described, keyed, and differentiated from other recognized North American species. Lectotypes are designated for T. dubia, T. sarcophagae, and T. tachinae. Distribution and host associations are recorded for the species. Trichomalopsis americana and T. viridescens are newly recorded as parasitoids of M. domestica; T. dubia and T. sarcophagae are also newly recorded as parasitoids of Hypoderma lineatum (Villers) (common cattle grub) and Hypoderma bovis (L.) (northern cattle grub), respectively. Some previously published host associations and parasitoid identifications are corrected based on examination of voucher specimens. The known biology of each species is reviewed. The presence of Trichomalopsis albipilosa (Gahan) in North America is considered to be erroneous based on a misidentification of T. americana.

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2

Oyerinde, R. M., O. J. Soyelu, and B. O. Odu. "Efficacy of Selected Beauveria and Metarhizium Isolates Against the Common House Fly, Musca domestica L. [Diptera: Muscidae]." Nigerian Journal of Entomology 35, no. 1 (November 12, 2019): 111–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.36108/nje/9102/53.01.01.

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The virulence of two Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo-Crivelli) Vuillemin and two Metarhizium spp. (Sorokin) isolates against larval and adult house fly, Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae), was assessed in the laboratory. Virulence varied significantly among the isolates but insect mortality was independent of route of exposure. Mortality was dose-dependent and stock solutions effected 79-91% and 63-70% mortality within seven days in larval and adult house fly, respectively. Generally, the fungi were more virulent against larvae than adult flies and they all showed good potential as effective biocontrol agents. However, consistently lower median lethal concentration (LC50) and lethal time (LT50) against larval and adult flies showed that M. anisopliae s.s. ARSEF 5471 was the most virulent of the four.

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3

Kangas-Dick, Aaron W., Yadin Bornstein, Omar Azar, Kristin E. Rojas, and Patrick I. Borgen. "Larvae of Musca domestica (common house fly) found intraoperatively in a male breast abscess." SAGE Open Medical Case Reports 8 (January 2020): 2050313X2091784. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2050313x20917841.

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A 62-year-old male with type 2 diabetes mellitus presented to our nationally accredited breast center with bilateral breast masses present for 7 years and new-onset pink nipple discharge for several months. Mammography and ultrasound demonstrated a left 2.7 retroareolar cystic lesion and a right 2.1 cm retroareolar solid lesion. Given the suspicious nature of the bilateral breast discharge, core needle biopsies were performed to rule out underlying malignancy. The biopsies revealed benign results, but the discordance between the biopsy, imaging, and suspicious discharge led to the decision to perform bilateral excisional biopsies. Intraoperatively, a small organism resembling a larva was encountered. The abnormal tissue was sent for histopathological examination, along with the organism, which was identified as the larvae of Musca domestica, or common house fly.

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4

Zahn, Levi K., and Alec C. Gerry. "Diurnal Flight Activity of House Flies (Musca domestica) is Influenced by Sex, Time of Day, and Environmental Conditions." Insects 11, no. 6 (June 23, 2020): 391. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects11060391.

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House flies (Musca domestica L.) are common synanthropic pests associated with confined animal operations, including dairy farms. House flies can cause substantial nuisance and may transmit human and animal pathogens. Surprisingly little is known about the daily flight activity of house flies. This study examined diurnal house fly flight activity on two southern California dairies using clear sticky traps to capture flies over hourly intervals. Flight activity for both males and females combined started near dawn and generally increased to a single broad activity peak during mid to late morning. Male flight activity peaked earlier than female flight activity and this separation in peak activity widened as mean daytime temperature increased. Flight activity for both sexes increased rapidly during early morning in response to the combined effects of increasing light intensity and temperature, with decreasing flight activity late in the day as temperature decreased. During midday, flight activity was slightly negatively associated with light intensity and temperature. Collection period (time of day) was a useful predictor of house fly activity on southern California dairies and the diurnal pattern of flight activity should be considered when developing house fly monitoring and control programs.

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5

Skovgård, H., and G. Nachman. "Biological control of house flies Musca domestica and stable flies Stomoxys calcitrans (Diptera: Muscidae) by means of inundative releases of Spalangia cameroni (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae)." Bulletin of Entomological Research 94, no. 6 (December 2004): 555–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/ber2004322.

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AbstractThe efficacy of the pupal parasitoid Spalangia cameroni Perkins as a biological control agent was tested against house flies Musca domestica Linnaeus and stable flies Stomoxys calcitrans (Linnaeus) in one dairy cattle and two pig installations in Denmark. Weekly releases of S. cameroni from April through to September–October 1999 and 2000 resulted in significant suppressions of house fly populations to below nuisance level, whereas no effect on stable flies was found. Parasitism was significantly higher in the release years compared to the control years, but was below 25% averaged over the fly season for each farm. A statistical model based on a functional relationship between the innate capacity of increase of the two fly species and three explanatory variables (air temperature, fly density and parasitism) provided a fairly good fit to data with the abundances of house flies and stable flies explained mostly by temperature, but intra- and interspecific competition, and parasitism had a significant effect as well. Overall, the model was capable of explaining 14% and 6.6% of the total variation in data for house fly and stable fly, respectively. Spalangia cameroni was the predominant parasitoid to emerge from exposed house fly pupae, but from mid summer onwards Muscidifurax raptor Girault & Sanders (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) was also quite common. The study indicated that biological control of house flies can be an efficient alternative to chemical control.

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6

Shah, Rizwan Mustafa, Faheem Azhar, Sarfraz Ali Shad, William B. Walker, Muhammad Azeem, and Muhammad Binyameen. "Effects of different animal manures on attraction and reproductive behaviors of common house fly, Musca domestica L." Parasitology Research 115, no. 9 (May 20, 2016): 3585–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00436-016-5124-0.

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7

Barbieri, L., J. M. Ferreras, A. Barraco, P. Ricci, and F. Stirpe. "Some ribosome-inactivating proteins depurinate ribosomal RNA at multiple sites." Biochemical Journal 286, no. 1 (August 15, 1992): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2860001.

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Saporin-S6, a ribosome-inactivating protein (RIP) from Saponaria officinalis released more than 1 mol of adenine/mol of ribosomes from house fly (Musca domestica) larvae and from rat liver. The release of adenine from rat liver ribosomes by several RIPs (plant enzymes with RNA N-glycosidase activity) was examined. Saporins, pokeweed antiviral protein from roots of Phytolacca americana (PAP-R), and trichokirin from Trichosanthes kirilowii seeds depurinated rat liver ribosomes at more than one site. Up to 33 mol of adenine were released from 1 mol of ribosomes. This property is not common to all RIPS.

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8

Zortéa, Talyta, Dilmar Baretta, Andréia Volpato, William Raphael Lorenzetti, Julia Corá Segat, Ana Paula Maccari, Roberto Christ Santos, Rodrigo Almeida Vaucher, Lenita Moura Stefani, and Aleksandro Schafer da Silva. "Repellent Effects of Andiroba and Copaiba Oils against Musca domestica (Common House Fly) and Ecotoxicological Effects on the Environment." Acta Scientiae Veterinariae 45, no. 1 (May 31, 2017): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.22456/1679-9216.79775.

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Background: The main challenge in raising cattle in Brazil is related to ectoparasites, that cause negative effects on milk and meat production, and in severe cases, animal death. Sheds known as crèches attracts large number insects mainly due to milk residues in the environment. The housefly is a major problem due to act as vectors of many other diseases, and so there is the possibility of control of infestations with natural products. Andiroba and copaiba oils may act as natural biocides, there are only a few studies on their effect on biological soil parameters. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the repellent effect of andiroba and copaiba oils against flies and on biological soil parameters.Materials, Methods & Results: The repellency effect of oils of andiroba and copaiba was tested at a concentration of 5% in lambs shed maternity, containing 64 bays (1.8 m2). It was sprayed 30 mL per pen, where they were housed five lambs each. Pre-treatment counts were taken before the treatment (mean 46 per pen after Musca domestica), and post-treatment count was made on 2, 24 and 48 h. The data collected at 2 and 24 h was evaluated and the number of flies was reduced significantly (P < 0.001) in the pens treated with oil of copaiba and andiroba compared to control (untreated) pen. After 48 h, no difference was observed between treatments in relation to fly numbers (P > 0.05). Ecotoxicological test using increasing concentrations in the soil (0, 1, 5, 10, 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg) regarding changes in basal respiration (C-CO2), and survival and reproduction of springtails (Folsomia candida). It was observed an increased amount of mineralized C-CO2 until the day 10 of incubation for both oils without inhibition of the microbial respiratory process in any dose. The copaiba oil showed higher amounts of accumulated C-CO2 compared to andiroba oil in all studied concentrations (P < 0.05). In tests with mesofauna organisms, none of the evaluated concentrations of the two oils showed no negative effect on the survival of springtails (P > 0.05), the same was observed for the reproduction results, where there was no reduction in the number of juveniles (P > 0.05).Discussion: According literature, andiroba and copaiba oils have repellent effect against domestic fly when sprayed onto infected cow’s horn fly, similar results also were reported in vitro tests against M. domestica larvae using andiroba oil and noted 80% larval mortality. The use of natural products in disease control is growing, but its impacts on the environment are not known, so in addition to suggesting therapies it is important to be concerned with ecotoxicological tests. Researchers showed an effect of Eucalyptus globulus essential oil on F. candida and reported 76% reduction in its survival rate at concentration of 60 mg/kg soil. Basal soil respiration is a sensitive indicator that quickly reveals changes in the environmental conditions that affect microbial activity, and the data presented herein reveal an increase in the respiration of microorganisms depending on the amount of oil added to the soil. The essential oils of copaiba and andiroba have repellent effect against Musca domestica, and did not show any toxicity to inhibit microbial activity in the soil. In addition, the presence of the oils in the soil did not affect the survival and reproduction of springtails Folsomia candida.

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9

Tsagaan, Alimaa, Irotaka Kanuka, and Kiyoshi Okado. "Study of pathogenic bacteria detected in fly samples using universal primer-multiplex PCR." Mongolian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 15, no. 2 (September 30, 2015): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/mjas.v15i2.541.

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Filth flies, especially house fly, Musca domestica L., not only is a nuisance pest, but also acts as an important mechanical vector for pathogenic microorganism agents, including bacteria, protozoa, worms, fungi and viruses amongst humans and animals. More than 100 pathogens are associated with the house fly and bacteria have been isolated from feces, vomits, external surfaces, and internal organs of this species (De Vos V, et al., 1998; Dragon, DC, 1995; West, 1951; Markus, 1980; Kasprzak et al, 1981; Akinboade et al., 1984; Iwasa et al., 1999).The aim of this study was to detect pathogenic bacteria from house fly by UP-M-PCR. In this study, totally 267house flies were collected and we tried to find a procedure enabling the detection of three pathogens namely, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella spp and employed for multiplex PCR analysis in house fly. The most common isolated bacteria were L. monocytogenes(132 cases: 49.4%) and another isolated bacteria belong to E. coli (114 case: 42.6%) and Salmonella spp (98 cases: 36.7%). The results of the current study confirm that flies are much more than a nuisance and that they pose potentially serious health risks. The epidemiologic potential of house flies to disseminate pathogenic bacteria may be greater than initially suspected.Mongolian Journal of Agricultural Sciences Vol.15(2) 2015; 27-32

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10

Rachimi, Suzanna, John P. Burand, Chris Geden, and John G. Stoffolano. "The Effect of the Musca domestica Salivary Gland Hypertrophy Virus on Food Consumption in Its Adult Host, the Common House Fly (Diptera: Muscidae)." Journal of Medical Entomology 58, no. 3 (January 20, 2021): 1398–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjaa281.

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Abstract The Musca domestica salivary gland hypertrophy virus (MdSGHV) substantially enlarges the house fly’s salivary glands and prevents or delays ovarian development in its adult host, but the effect that MdSGHV has on the house fly’s food consumption is currently unknown. Using house flies from a laboratory-reared colony, we evaluated the effect of MdSGHV infection on food consumption over a 7-d period. Both treatment (virus-infected) and control (saline-injected) flies were provided with a choice of 8% sucrose solution and 4% powdered milk solution to determine food preferences. Quantities of each solution consumed were measured every 24 h for each fly to measure food consumptions. Infected house flies were shown to consume less overall of both solutions than house flies injected with saline. The largest consumption discrepancy was seen between female house flies. Healthy female flies with developing ovaries continued to consume a sugar and protein diet, whereas infected female flies fed predominantly on a sugar diet. Additionally, infected male and female flies consumed significantly lower quantities of protein and sucrose than control flies. This suggests that MdSGHV has a negative consumption effect (e.g., hunger, starvation) on its host. Thus, differences in food consumption of infected and control flies probably represent differences in the nutritional requirements of flies resulting from viral infection.

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11

Wang, Jin-Na, Juan Hou, Yu-Yan Wu, Song Guo, Qin-Mei Liu, Tian-Qi Li, and Zhen-Yu Gong. "Resistance of House Fly, Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae), to Five Insecticides in Zhejiang Province, China: The Situation in 2017." Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology 2019 (June 23, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4851914.

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Objectives. High dependency on pesticides could cause selection pressure leading to the development of resistance. This study was conducted to assess the resistance of the house fly, Musca domestica, to five insecticides, namely, permethrin, deltamethrin, beta-cypermethrin, propoxur, and dichlorvos, in Zhejiang Province. Methods. Field strains of house flies were collected from the 12 administrative districts in Zhejiang Province in 2011, 2014, and 2017, respectively. Topical application method was adopted for the bioassays. The probit analysis was used to determine the median lethal doses with the 95% confidence interval, and then the resistance ratio (RR) was calculated. The insecticides resistance in different years and the correlations of the resistance between different insecticides were also analyzed. Results. The resistance of field strains house flies to insecticides in Zhejiang Province was relatively common, especially for permethrin, deltamethrin, and beta-cypermethrin. The reversion of the resistance to dichlorvos was found, and most of the field strains in Zhejiang Province became sensitive to dichlorvos in 2017. Propoxur was much easier to cause very high level of resistance; the Hangzhou strain had the highest RR value more than 1000 in 2014, and five field strains had the RR value more than 100 in 2017. Compared to 2011 and 2014, the resistance of the house flies to propoxur and deltamethrin increased significantly in 2017. The resistance of permethrin, deltamethrin, beta-cypermethrin, and propoxur was significantly correlated with each other, and the resistance of dichlorvos was significantly correlated with beta-cypermethrin. Conclusions. Our results suggested that resistance was existed in permethrin, deltamethrin, beta-cypermethrin, and propoxur in the house flies of Zhejiang Province, while the resistance reversion to dichlorvos was found.

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12

Laha, Arghya, Tania Sarkar, Debarati Dey, Priti Mondal, Srijit Bhattacharya, Saibal Moitra, Goutam Kumar Saha, and Sanjoy Podder. "Assessment of Hymenoptera and Non-Hymenoptera Insect Bite and Sting Allergy Among Patients of Tropical Region of West Bengal, India." Journal of Medical Entomology 57, no. 1 (June 22, 2019): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjz088.

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AbstractWest Bengal, India, is inhabited by abundance and variety of insects that triggers sensitization in some humans to inhalant allergens and/or insect stings/venoms. Lack of research on this topic prevented accurate diagnosis and proper follow-up treatments to patients suffering from insect-induced allergies. The aim of our study was to identify the allergy-causing insects and evaluate resulting sensitization among a study population in West Bengal, India. The skin prick test (SPT) evaluated sensitivity of 450 patients who sought treatment at the Allergy and Asthma Research Center from July 2017 to June 2018. Eight insect allergens were tested: Common Black Ant (Lasius niger, Linnaeus 1758), Fire Ant (Solenopsis invicta, Buren 1972), Honey Bee (Apis cerana indica, Fabricius 1798), Common Wasp (Vespula vulgaris, Linnaeus 1758), Mosquito (Aedes aegypti, Linnaeus in Hasselquist 1762), American Cockroach (Periplaneta americana, Linnaeus 1758), House Fly (Musca domestica, Linnaeus 1758), and Grasshopper (Gesonula punctifrons, Stal 1861). From a total of 450 patients evaluated, 370 patients had positive SPT reaction from at least one of the 8 insect allergens tested. Sensitivity to some Hymenoptera insects (common black ant, 87.62%; fire ant, 84.59%; and honey bee, 67.02%) was found in higher proportion than non-Hymenoptera group (mosquito, 66.67%; American cockroach, 33.33%; house fly, 10.41%; and grasshopper, 5.14%). There was significant difference in sensitivity among child, adolescent, and adult (P < 0.001). While female patients showed more sensitivity than males to SPT, the difference was statistically insignificant. In regards to occupation, farmers and bee keepers were most sensitive of field workers sensitive to Hymenoptera-derived allergens.

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13

Sogari, Giovanni, Mario Amato, Ilaria Biasato, Silvana Chiesa, and Laura Gasco. "The Potential Role of Insects as Feed: A Multi-Perspective Review." Animals 9, no. 4 (March 27, 2019): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani9040119.

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Recently, insects have received increased attention as an important source of sustainable raw materials for animal feed, especially in fish, poultry, and swine. In particular, the most promising species are represented by the black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens, HI), the yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor, TM), and the common house fly (Musca domestica, MD). Although rapid development is expected, insects remain underutilized in the animal feed industry mainly due to technical, financial, and regulatory barriers. In addition, few works have analyzed consumer and stakeholder points of view towards the use of insects as animal feed. In this article, we summarize the main findings of this body of research and provide a discussion of consumer studies regarding the consumption of animals fed with insects. Our review suggests that consumer acceptance will not be a barrier towards the development of this novel protein industry. Furthermore, we conclude that it will be of interest to understand whether the use of this more sustainable feed source might increase consumer willingness to pay for animal products fed with insects and whether the overall acceptability, from a sensory point of view, will be perceived better than conventional products. Finally, the main challenges of the feed farming industry are addressed.

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14

Pieterse, E., Q. Pretorius, L. C. Hoffman, and D. W. Drew. "The carcass quality, meat quality and sensory characteristics of broilers raised on diets containing either Musca domestica larvae meal, fish meal or soya bean meal as the main protein source." Animal Production Science 54, no. 5 (2014): 622. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an13073.

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The effects of Musca domestica (common house fly) larvae meal (magmeal) on the meat quality of broiler chickens were investigated in a trial consisting of three isonitrogenous and isoenergetic treatment diets containing either 10% fish meal, 10% M. domestica larvae meal or a control diet with soya bean meal as the protein source. Chicks that received either the 10% M. domestica larvae meal or 10% fish meal produced significantly heavier carcasses and had a higher breast-meat yield than did the control chicks. Sensory attributes evaluated by a trained sensory panel included chicken aroma, metallic aroma, initial juiciness, chicken flavour, sustained juiciness, metallic aftertaste, toughness and mealiness. The samples were judged to have a prominent chicken aroma but a less prominent chicken flavour. Although the samples had a moderate initial juiciness, they did not have a sustained juiciness except for the larvae-fed samples, which had higher sustained juiciness values; all samples were perceived as tender; fishmeal-fed samples were judged more mealy than larvae-fed samples, with the control being intermediary; larvae-fed samples had higher metallic aroma and aftertaste values, although these values were low and unlikely to be detected by consumers. Comparison of meat-quality characteristics showed no treatment differences for breast- and thigh-muscle colour, pH, water holding capacity or cooking losses. Significant differences were observed for drip loss, with the lowest drip loss reported for the larvae meal-fed samples, followed by the control diet and the highest for fish meal-fed samples. It is concluded that the inclusion of larvae meal into the diets of broilers will have positive rather than any detrimental effects on most carcass, meat and sensory characteristics.

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15

Saxena, Prabhu N., and Alan J. Crowe. "An investigation of the efficacy of organotin compounds for the control of the cotton stainer,Dysdercus cingulatus, the mosquito,Anophelese stephensi, and the common house fly,Musca domestica." Applied Organometallic Chemistry 2, no. 2 (1988): 185–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aoc.590020214.

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16

Kovitvadhi, Attawit, Pipatpong Chundang, Karun Thongprajukaew, Chanin Tirawattanawanich, Sunyanee Srikachar, and Banthari Chotimanothum. "Potential of Insect Meals as Protein Sources for Meat-Type Ducks Based on In Vitro Digestibility." Animals 9, no. 4 (April 9, 2019): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani9040155.

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There has been a dramatic increase in duck meat consumption. As a result, ducks are an interesting alternative type of livestock. Animal-based proteins such as fishmeal and animal by-products are valuable nutrients with high digestibility, but they are associated with cost fluctuations, pathogen contamination, and environmental impacts. Therefore, plant-based proteins are used, but they have the disadvantages of inappropriate amino acid profiles, anti-nutritional factors, and mycotoxin contamination. Insect meal contains favorable nutrients and low production costs and is environmentally friendly; however, there is a large number of insect species. Therefore, the purpose of this investigation is to screen insects for their potential use as a protein source in the duck diet. Insect meal with a high proportion of low-digestible components was shown to have low digestibility. Yellow mealworm larvae, giant mealworm larvae, lesser wax moth larvae, house fly larvae, mulberry silkworm pupae, and American cockroach nymph have the potential to be alternative protein sources for ducks. Insect meal has been widely studied and is used in animal nutrition to replace common protein sources that have several disadvantages and to promote sustainability in animal production. Two-step in vitro digestibility using crude enzyme extracts from digestive tracts of meat-type ducks (Cherry Valley) was performed on general protein sources and insect meals to compare the in vitro digestibility of organic matter (OMd) and crude protein (CPd). Variation in chemical components between different types of insect meal was found. A positive correlation was found between OMd and the ether extract composition in insect meal, whereas a negative correlation was shown between crude fiber and acid detergent fiber. Contrasting relationships were found between CPd and crude fiber and acid detergent fiber in insect meal. In conclusion, the yellow mealworm larvae (Tenebrio molitor), giant mealworm larvae (Zophobas morio), lesser wax moth larvae (Achroia grisella), house fly larvae (Musca domestica), mulberry silkworm pupae (Bombyx mori), and American cockroach nymph (Periplaneta americana) are potential protein sources for ducks based on OMd and CPd digestibility after screening with an in vitro digestibility technique.

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Kenawy, M. A., H. A. Al Ashry, and M. Shobrak. "Synanthropic flies of Asir Province, southwest of Saudi Arabia." Journal of Entomological and Acarological Research 46, no. 3 (December 21, 2014): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/jear.2014.4623.

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<p>A survey of synanthropic flies was carried out in 11 slaughter houses in 8 localities representing different altitudes in Asir. Flies were sampled twice a month from December 2008 to November 2009 by Final Flight Fly Traps. A total of 11,737 flies consisting of 19 species, belonging to 7 families were collected, of which those of family Muscidae predominated (94.88%) followed by Calliphoridae (3.12%), Sarcophagidae (1.22%) and Fanniidae (0.55%). The other 5 families (Piophilidae, Oestridae, Phoridae, Ulidiidae and Lonchaeidae) totally represented 0.79%. Of the identified species, <em>Musca</em> <em>domestica</em> was predominant (94.26%) followed by <em>Lucilia</em> <em>sericata</em> (1.51%), <em>Sarcophaga</em> <em>carnaria</em> (1.01%), <em>Chrysomya</em> <em>albiceps</em> (0.67%), <em>Fannia </em><em>canicularis</em> (0.55%), <em>Chrysomya</em> <em>marginalis</em> (0.54%), <em>Muscina</em> <em>stabulans </em>(0.52%), <em>Calliphora</em> <em>vicina</em> (0.39%), <em>Wohlfahrtia</em> <em>nuba</em> (0.14%), <em>Megaselia scalaris</em> (0.08%), <em>Lonchaea</em> sp. (0.06), <em>Bercaea</em> <em>cruentata </em>(0.05), <em>Ophyra</em> sp. and <em>Oestrus</em> <em>ovis</em> (0.04% each), <em>Atherigona</em> sp., <em>Piophila</em> <em>casie</em> and <em>Physiphora</em> <em>demandala</em> (0.03% each) and <em>Parasarcophaga</em> <em>ruficornis</em> (0.01). Flies altogether were more common (16 spp., 84.21%) and abundant (36.45 fly/trap) in highlands than in the other altitude levels. The highlands were found with the maximum Simpson (1-D=0.18) and Shannon (H=0.49, P<0.001) diversity indices. Likewise, the highest density of <em>M</em>. <em>domestica</em> was in the highlands (P<0.05). Regression analysis confirmed that house fly density was directly related to the altitude level (P<0.05). In all altitude levels, housefly was active during the whole year with higher activities during months of low and moderate temperatures (spring, autumn and winter seasons). Analysis revealed that fly density had inverse relation with temperature.</p>

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18

Adams, T. S., and Qian-jun Li. "Ecdysteroidostatin from the house fly,Musca domestica." Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 38, no. 4 (1998): 166–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1520-6327(1998)38:4<166::aid-arch2>3.0.co;2-p.

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19

Shono, Toshio, Li Zhang, and Jeffrey G. Scott. "Indoxacarb resistance in the house fly, Musca domestica." Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology 80, no. 2 (October 2004): 106–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pestbp.2004.06.004.

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20

Ileke, Kayode, Mary Olaoye, and Isaac Olabimi. "Beneficial Utilization of House fly, Musca domestica [Diptera: Muscidae]." Lebanese Science Journal 21, no. 2 (December 27, 2020): 146–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.22453/lsj-021.2.146-155.

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The house fly, Musca domestica, is a significant pest of Man and his livestock mainly because of its disease vectoring capacities and the fact that it constitutes a serious nuisance. Several cultural chemical and biological measures have been used to reduce house fly populations. Despite the fact of the known hazards this insect can pose, there are certain benefits man can gain through the utilization of this insect. Utilization of house fly can serve as an alternate protein source for livestock, a possible forensic indicator and can be implemented in the wastes management that has organic origins. However, to achieve the full utility of these flies, several challenges have to be surmounted.

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Hung, Kim Y., Themis J. Michailides, Jocelyn G. Millar, Astri Wayadande, and Alec C. Gerry. "House Fly (Musca domestica L.) Attraction to Insect Honeydew." PLOS ONE 10, no. 5 (May 13, 2015): e0124746. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0124746.

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Gerry, Alec C. "Review of Methods to Monitor House Fly (Musca domestica) Abundance and Activity." Journal of Economic Entomology 113, no. 6 (October 15, 2020): 2571–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jee/toaa229.

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Abstract The house fly is a ubiquitous pest commonly associated with animal facilities and urban waste. When present in large numbers, house flies can negatively impact humans and animals through nuisance and the transmission of pathogens. Since the development of fly traps and sticky papers to capture flies in the late 1800s, these and other methods have been used as a means to monitor change in house fly density or fly activity over time. Methods include substrate sampling to record density of immature flies, visual observations of adult fly activity, instantaneous counts of landing or resting flies, accumulation of adult flies on/in traps, or accumulation of fly fecal and regurgitation spots deposited by flies onto white cards. These methods do not estimate true house fly density, but rather provide an index of house fly activity that is related to both fly density and the frequency of individual fly behavior (e.g., frequency of flight, landing events) and which is likely more predictive of negative impacts such as nuisance and pathogen transmission. Routine monitoring of house fly activity is a critical component of a house fly management program. Fly activity should be held to a level below a predetermined activity threshold ('action threshold') above which negative impacts are anticipated to occur. This article is a review of methods utilized for monitoring house fly (Diptera: Muscidae) activity.

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Lietze, Verena-Ulrike, Christopher J. Geden, Melissa A. Doyle, and Drion G. Boucias. "Disease Dynamics and Persistence of Musca domestica Salivary Gland Hypertrophy Virus Infections in Laboratory House Fly (Musca domestica) Populations." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 78, no. 2 (November 4, 2011): 311–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.06500-11.

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ABSTRACTPast surveys of feral house fly populations have shown thatMusca domesticasalivary gland hypertrophy virus (MdSGHV) has a worldwide distribution, with an average prevalence varying between 0.5% and 10%. How this adult-specific virus persists in nature is unknown. In the present study, experiments were conducted to examine short-term transmission efficiency and long-term persistence of symptomatic MdSGHV infections in confined house fly populations. Average rates of disease transmission from virus-infected to healthy flies in small populations of 50 or 100 flies ranged from 3% to 24% and did not vary between three tested geographical strains that originated from different continents. Introduction of an initial proportion of 40% infected flies into fly populations did not result in epizootics. Instead, long-term observations demonstrated that MdSGHV infection levels declined over time, resulting in a 10% infection rate after passing through 10 filial generations. In all experiments, induced disease rates were significantly higher in male flies than in female flies and might be explained by male-specific behaviors that increased contact with viremic flies and/or virus-contaminated surfaces.

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H, Dattu Iffah, Dwi Jayanti Gunandini, and Agus Kardinan. "Pengaruh ekstrak kemangi (Ocimum basilicum forma citratum) terhadap perkembangan lalat rumah (Musca domestica) (L.)." Jurnal Entomologi Indonesia 5, no. 1 (February 23, 2017): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5994/jei.5.1.36.

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Effect of Kemangi Extract (Ocimum basilicum forma citratum) to House Fly (Musca domestica) (L.). The aim of this study was to know larvacidal effect of basil leave on house fly (Musca domestica ). Using atsiri oil which extracted through the steam distillation procedure, this study applied 5 treatments and 4 replications. The treatment were 2.5, 5, 10, and 20% asitri oil dilluted on water compared to control (water only, 0%), The study showed that 20% dilluotion has highest larvacidal effect, cause highest mortality rate (83%), and inhibited ecdysis shown by lowest ecdysis and enclosy ability sharing only 13 and 37%.

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Pitts, C. W., P. C. Tobin, B. Weidenboerner, P. H. Patterson, and E. S. Lorenz. "In-House Composting to Reduce Larval House Fly, Musca domestica L., Populations." Journal of Applied Poultry Research 7, no. 2 (July 1998): 180–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/japr/7.2.180.

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Haselton, Aaron T., Angela Acevedo, Jacob Kuruvilla, Eric Werner, Jaydon Kiernan, and Preeti Dhar. "Repellency of α-pinene against the house fly, Musca domestica." Phytochemistry 117 (September 2015): 469–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2015.07.004.

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Black, W. C., and E. S. Krafsur. "Seasonal breeding structure in house fly, Musca domestica L., populations." Heredity 56, no. 3 (June 1986): 289–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/hdy.1986.49.

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Xider, Karim Mohammed, and Havall M. Amin. "Ovarian Development of House Fly (Musca domestica L.) (Diptera: Muscidae)." Kurdistan Journal of Applied Research 3, no. 1 (May 23, 2018): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.24017/science.2018.1.9.

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The ovarian development of Musca domestica, was examined under light microscope. There are two ovaries in the adult female of fly. Each ovary was formed of about 60-70 polytrophic ovarioles. The ovariole in cross sections organized in several circles. From cytological observations, ovary development and oogenesis could be divided in to 6 stages; ovaries with no noticeable follicle cells existing were characterized as (stage1), the follicle-growing stages considered as (stage2, 3), the vitellogenen in stages (stages4, 5(and mature egg stage (stage6). The oocyte initiated development at first stages of oogenesis; the nurse cells and follicle epithelial cells were considered to fulfill important functions with regard to the growth of the oocyte.

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Acevedo, Gonzalo Roca, Miguel Zapater, and Ariel Ceferino Toloza. "Insecticide resistance of house fly, Musca domestica (L.) from Argentina." Parasitology Research 105, no. 2 (April 2, 2009): 489–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00436-009-1425-x.

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Sukontason, Kabkaew L., Noppawan Boonchu, Kom Sukontason, and Wej Choochote. "Effects of eucalyptol on house fly (Diptera: Muscidae) and blow fly (Diptera: Calliphoridae)." Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo 46, no. 2 (April 2004): 97–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0036-46652004000200008.

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The effects of eucalyptol were evaluated against the house fly, Musca domestica L., and blow fly, Chrysomya megacephala (F.). The bioassay of adults, using topical application, indicated that M. domestica males were more susceptible than females, with the LD50 being 118 and 177 µg/fly, respectively. A higher LD50 of C. megacephala was obtained; 197 µg/fly for males and 221 µg/fly for females. Living flies of both species yielded a shorter life span after being treated with eucalyptol. The bioassay of larvae, using the dipping method on the third instar, showed that M. domestica was more susceptible than C. megacephala, with their LC50 being 101 and 642 µg/µl, respectively. The emergence of adults, which had been treated with eucalyptol in larvae, decreased only in M. domestica. Having the volatile property, fumigation or impregnated paper test of eucalyptol or the efficacy of repellence or attractiveness merits further investigations to enhance bio-insecticidal efficacy.

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AAbozenadah, Najlaa. "Physiological Studies on the House Fly Musca Domestica Vicina Muscidae, Diptera." Journal of King Abdulaziz University-Science 22, no. 2 (2010): 27–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4197/sci.22-2.3.

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Montooth, Kristi L., and Allen G. Gibbs. "Cuticular pheromones and water balance in the house fly, Musca domestica." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology 135, no. 3 (July 2003): 457–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1095-6433(03)00115-6.

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Hemmer, Wolfgang, Heinz Kofler, Margarete Focke, Manfred Götz, and Reinhart Jarisch. "Respiratory sensitization to house fly (Musca domestica) allergens in a farmer." Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 109, no. 1 (January 2002): S283. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0091-6749(02)82000-0.

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Kafle, Lekhnath, Jose Olman Santeliz Gonzales, and Anil Chandra Neupane. "Colored bait preferences of house Fly ( Musca domestica L.) (Dipetera: Muscidae)." Entomological Research 49, no. 10 (August 13, 2019): 451–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1748-5967.12388.

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Endsley, M. A., M. D. Baker, and E. S. Krafsur. "Microsatellite loci in the house fly, Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae)." Molecular Ecology Notes 2, no. 1 (March 2002): 72–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-8286.2002.00153.x.

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Masten, Susan J., Hyesoon Kim-Yang, Edward D. Walker, Hugo Roman, and Melvin T. Yokoyama. "Toxicity of Ozonated Animal Manure to the House Fly, Musca domestica." Journal of Environmental Quality 30, no. 5 (September 2001): 1624–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2001.3051624x.

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37

El-Oshar, M. A., N. Motoyama, P. B. Hughes, and W. C. Dauterman. "Studies on Cyromazine in the House Fly, Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae)." Journal of Economic Entomology 78, no. 6 (December 1, 1985): 1203–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jee/78.6.1203.

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38

Lee, Seung Hoon, Jonathan B. Clark, and Margaret G. Kidwell. "A P element-homologous sequence in the house fly, Musca domestica." Insect Molecular Biology 8, no. 4 (November 1999): 491–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2583.1999.00147.x.

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Doiz, Olga, Antonio Clavel, Santiago Morales, Marzo Varea, F. Castillo, Carmen Rubio, and Rafael Gomez-Lus. "House fly (Musca domestica) as a transport vector of Giardia lamblia." Folia Parasitologica 47, no. 4 (December 1, 2000): 330–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.14411/fp.2000.057.

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Clavel, Antonio, Olga Doiz, Santiago Morales, Marzo Varea, Cristina Seral, F. Castillo, Jesus Fleta, Carmen Rubio, and Rafael Gomez-Lus. "House fly (Musca domestica) as a transport vector of Cryptosporidium parvum." Folia Parasitologica 49, no. 2 (June 1, 2002): 163–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.14411/fp.2002.029.

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41

Adams, T. S., D. R. Nelson, and C. L. Fatland. "Effect of methylalkanes on male house fly, Musca domestica, sexual behavior." Journal of Insect Physiology 41, no. 5 (May 1995): 443–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-1910(94)00108-s.

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Sheppard, D. Craig, and Brad Swedlund. "Toxicity of Individual Pyrethrin Esters to House Flies (Diptera: Muscidae)." Journal of Entomological Science 35, no. 3 (July 1, 2000): 279–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-35.3.279.

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Six pyrethrin esters were separated from whole pyrethrum by using high performance liquid chromatography on a silica column. Dilutions of individual esters were applied topically to house flies (Musca domestica L.) and compared to whole pyrethrum and transpermethrin. LD50's averaged from two significant dosage-mortality regressions per chemical were in ascending toxicity: Cinerin I (1.77 μjg/fly), jasmolin I (1.28 μjg/fly), pyrethrin II (0.49 μg/fly), jasmolin II (0.46 μg/fy). cinerin II (0.43 μg/fly), pyrethrin I (0.20 μg/fly)> 25% pyrethrin extract (0.11 μg/fly) and trans-permethrin (0.0072 μg/fly).

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43

Tan, Suriyani, and Machrumnizar Machrumnizar. "PERANAN Musca domestica SEBAGAI VEKTOR MEKANIK TELUR INFEKTIF Ascaris lumbricoides." PENELITIAN DAN KARYA ILMIAH 2, no. 1 (January 9, 2018): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.25105/pdk.v2i1.2454.

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Muscadomestica (house fly) is an insect that is considered useless by humans although they lived very close to humans. Breeding site of flies in human or animal waste, the rubbish, or unorganic objects that have decayed greatly support their role as mechanical vectors. More than 20 species of flies have been reported as an agent of gastrointestinal diseases. The purpose of this study is to examnine the role of houseflies as mechanical vectors Ascarislumbricoides’seggs.The research sample was 500 house flies (Muscadomestica) captured in the Legok area. Houseflies were trapped by fly trap containing rotten fish meat and then stored at a temperature of 4 degree celcius. The samples were divided into six groups according to the sampling areas, crushed and checked directly by using a light microscope. Ascarislumbricoides eggs are not found in all groups of samples. The study concluded that Muscadomestica is not a mechanical vector of infective eggs of Ascarislumbricoides in Tangerang City, Banten Province.

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Kavran, Mihaela, Dušan Petrić, Aleksandra Ignjatović-Ćupina, and Marija Zgomba. "Evaluation of Different Monitoring Methods for Musca domestica L. 1758 (Diptera: Muscidae) Indoor Population." Contemporary Agriculture 68, no. 3-4 (December 1, 2019): 103–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/contagri-2019-0016.

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Summary The housefly Musca domestica is a cosmopolitan insect nuisance pest, also known as a carrier of numerous pathogens both to humans and animals. Animal farms, as a very important source of house flies, simultaneously allow for all stages of their development. Having vast quantities of constantly present manure, pig units represent perfect environment for house fly breeding. This fact, coupled with the known resistance to majority of available insecticides, creates difficulties in house fly control. The present study was performed to evaluate different types of monitoring methods for indoor use: (a) spot deposit records on the cardboard; (b) fly trappings by: glue coated cardboard; (c) sticky fly strips; (d) yellow sticky cards; (e) visual records of flies on the cardboard. This study provided a clear differentiation of efficacy/usefulness of the tested methods for various house fly densities. In animal breeding units or other areas with very abundant fly population, less sensitive methods (traps are less efficient) should be selected. For these circumstances, glued cardboard or yellow sticky cards should be chosen. The “more sensitive” methods, spot cards and sticky fly strips, should be used for lower abundance of the fly population. Except for this purpose, these highly sensitive methods should be selected also in the areas where the flies should not be tolerated at any density. Although the levels of the observed fly activity significantly differ from each other, in the majority of cases they depict the similar trend of the population dynamics and relative density. The only exception to the rule was the visual method, which could not reflect the changes in the population density in the current study.

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Yuliana, Vina, Yamtana Yamtana, and Abdul Hadi Kadarusno. "Aplikasi Penyemprotan Perasan Daun Kamboja (Plumeria acuminata) Terhadap Kematian Lalat Rumah (Musca domestica)." JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN: Jurnal dan Aplikasi Teknik Kesehatan Lingkungan 13, no. 1 (January 1, 2016): 299. http://dx.doi.org/10.31964/jkl.v13i1.26.

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Abstract: Spraying application leaf squeeze kamboja (plumeria acuminata) to death fly house (musca domestica). Housefly (Musca domestica) is a vector for transmission of various types of mechanically transmitted diseases such as diarrhea, dysentery, cholera, typhoid, salmonellosis and viral gastrointestinal diseases. One of the control flies using environmentally friendly plant-based insecticides. Researchers used insecticides in the form of freshly squeezed vegetable leaf with frangipani (Plumeria acuminata). The objective was to knowing the influence of leaf squeeze spraying frangipani with a concentration of 40 percent, 50 percentand and 60 percent of the death house fly. This study uses experimental design With Post Test Only Control Group Design. The object of this study is the 480 flies were obtained from the TPS Market Tlagareja. This research was carried out by spraying the leaf squeeze frangipani at a concentration of 40%, 50% and 60%. Counting the number of deaths house fly performed after 24 hours. The results of this research are there meaningful influence of sraying the frangipani leaf squeeze againts the death house flies and the value of sig 0,000. Concentration of 40%, 50%, and 60% respectively can be deadly flies an average of 5 tails, 10 tails and 15 tails. The most effective concentration was 60% obtained from the LSD test with significance level of 0.000 and Different Mean values (IJ) is the largest 10.00000. The conclusion is an effect spraying frangipani leaf squeeze with a concentration of 40%, 50%, and 60% of the death house fly. The most effective concentration to kill flies is at 60%, with an average mortality of flies 15 tails. Keywords: frangipani leaf, house flies, insecticide plant

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Sukontason, Kabkaew L., Kom Sukontason, Noppawan Boonchu, and Somsak Piangjai. "Some ultrastructural superficial changes in house fly (Diptera: Muscidae) and blow fly (Diptera: Calliphoridae) larvae induced by eucalyptol oil." Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo 46, no. 5 (October 2004): 263–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0036-46652004000500006.

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The ultrastructural superficial changes in third instar house fly (Musca domestica) and blow fly (Chrysomya megacephala) induced by eucalyptol oil were observed using scanning electron microscopy. Dipped in 0.902 g/ml eucalyptol for 30 sec, the larvae integument of both species showed significant aberrant appearance of the body surface, particularly swelling integument, bleb formation, partial breach and deformation of spines.

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M. Al-Taee, Khansaa, and Essra Gh. Alsammak. "Isolation and Identification of Bacterial Species from House Fly Musca domestica Wings." Rafidain Journal of Science 22, no. 6 (September 1, 2011): 11–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.33899/rjs.2011.6514.

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Kasai, Shinji, and Jeffrey G. Scott. "Expression and regulation of CYP6D3 in the house fly, Musca domestica (L.)." Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 32, no. 1 (December 2001): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0965-1748(01)00073-x.

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Murataliev, Marat B., Adrienne Ariño, Victor M. Guzov, and René Feyereisen. "Kinetic mechanism of cytochrome P450 reductase from the house fly (Musca domestica)." Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 29, no. 3 (March 1999): 233–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0965-1748(98)00131-3.

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COLLINS, R. D., R. N. GARGESH, A. D. MALTBY, R. J. ROGGERO, M. K. TOURTELLOT, and W. J. BELL. "Innate control of local search behaviour in the house fly, Musca domestica." Physiological Entomology 19, no. 3 (September 1994): 165–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3032.1994.tb01039.x.

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