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Journal articles on the topic 'Muscle activation'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Guadagnin, Eleonora, Davi Mázala, and Yi-Wen Chen. "STAT3 in Skeletal Muscle Function and Disorders." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19, no. 8 (2018): 2265. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms19082265.

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Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling plays critical roles in regulating skeletal muscle mass, repair, and diseases. In this review, we discuss the upstream activators of STAT3 in skeletal muscles, with a focus on interleukin 6 (IL6) and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1). We will also discuss the double-edged effect of STAT3 activation in the muscles, including the role of STAT3 signaling in muscle hypertrophy induced by exercise training or muscle wasting in cachectic diseases and muscular dystrophies. STAT3 is a critical regulator of satellite cell sel

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Homayounpour, Mohammad, Jonathan D. Mortensen, and Andrew S. Merryweather. "Auditory Warnings Invoking Startle Response Cause Faster and More Intense Neck Muscle Contractions Prior to Head Impacts." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 63, no. 1 (2019): 802–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071181319631320.

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High-pressure level and sudden sound, especially during an elevated state of alertness can elicit a startle response. Startle response can induce sudden, intense muscle activations. Some studies have shown that increasing neck muscle activation during impact situations can reduce the risk of concussion and neck injury. This research aimed to study muscle coactivation patterns, contraction latency and the level of muscle activation in startle response compared to the voluntary response. To achieve this goal, a testbed capable of applying impacts to the head in four directions was created. Audit

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Liu, Zhaozhen, Harrison McAleese, Andrew Weightman, and Glen Cooper. "Bioinspired activation strategies for Peano-HASEL artificial muscle." PLOS ONE 20, no. 2 (2025): e0318649. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0318649.

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Background Human muscles perform many functions during activities of daily living producing a wide range of force outputs, displacements, and velocities. This versatile ability is believed to be associated with muscle activation strategies, such as the number and position of activated motor units within the muscle, as well as the frequency, magnitude and shape of the activation signal. Activation strategies similar to those in the human neuromuscular system could increase the functionality of artificial muscles. Activation in an artificial muscle is the contraction of a single actuator or mult

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Hagio, Shota, and Motoki Kouzaki. "The flexible recruitment of muscle synergies depends on the required force-generating capability." Journal of Neurophysiology 112, no. 2 (2014): 316–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00109.2014.

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To simplify redundant motor control, the central nervous system (CNS) may modularly organize and recruit groups of muscles as “muscle synergies.” However, smooth and efficient movements are expected to require not only low-dimensional organization, but also flexibility in the recruitment or combination of synergies, depending on force-generating capability of individual muscles. In this study, we examined how the CNS controls activations of muscle synergies as changing joint angles. Subjects performed multidirectional isometric force generations around right ankle and extracted the muscle syne

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Birdwell, J. Alexander, Levi J. Hargrove, Todd A. Kuiken, and Richard F. ff Weir. "Activation of individual extrinsic thumb muscles and compartments of extrinsic finger muscles." Journal of Neurophysiology 110, no. 6 (2013): 1385–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00748.2012.

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Mechanical and neurological couplings exist between musculotendon units of the human hand and digits. Studies have begun to understand how these muscles interact when accomplishing everyday tasks, but there are still unanswered questions regarding the control limitations of individual muscles. Using intramuscular electromyographic (EMG) electrodes, this study examined subjects' ability to individually initiate and sustain three levels of normalized muscular activity in the index and middle finger muscle compartments of extensor digitorum communis (EDC), flexor digitorum profundus (FDP), and fl

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Lee, Sang Wook, Dan Qiu, Heidi C. Fischer, Megan O. Conrad, and Derek G. Kamper. "Modulation of finger muscle activation patterns across postures is coordinated across all muscle groups." Journal of Neurophysiology 124, no. 2 (2020): 330–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00088.2020.

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We examined how hand muscles adapt to changing external (force direction) and internal (posture) conditions. Muscle activations, particularly of the extrinsic extensors, were significantly affected by postural changes of the interphalangeal, but not metacarpophalangeal, joints. Joint impedance was modulated so that the effects of the signal-dependent motor noise on the force output were reduced. Comparisons with theoretical solutions showed that the chosen activation patterns occupied a small portion of the possible solution space, minimizing the maximum activation of any one muscle.

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Borzelli, Daniele, Stefano Pastorelli, Andrea d’Avella, and Laura Gastaldi. "Virtual Stiffness: A Novel Biomechanical Approach to Estimate Limb Stiffness of a Multi-Muscle and Multi-Joint System." Sensors 23, no. 2 (2023): 673. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23020673.

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In recent years, different groups have developed algorithms to control the stiffness of a robotic device through the electromyographic activity collected from a human operator. However, the approaches proposed so far require an initial calibration, have a complex subject-specific muscle model, or consider the activity of only a few pairs of antagonist muscles. This study described and tested an approach based on a biomechanical model to estimate the limb stiffness of a multi-joint, multi-muscle system from muscle activations. The “virtual stiffness” method approximates the generated stiffness

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Knarr, Brian A., Darcy S. Reisman, Stuart A. Binder-Macleod, and Jill S. Higginson. "Changes in Predicted Muscle Coordination with Subject-Specific Muscle Parameters for Individuals after Stroke." Stroke Research and Treatment 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/321747.

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Muscle weakness is commonly seen in individuals after stroke, characterized by lower forces during a maximal volitional contraction. Accurate quantification of muscle weakness is paramount when evaluating individual performance and response to after stroke rehabilitation. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of subject-specific muscle force and activation deficits on predicted muscle coordination when using musculoskeletal models for individuals after stroke. Maximum force generating ability and central activation ratio of the paretic plantar flexors, dorsiflexors, and quadric

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Arnold, Edith M., and Scott L. Delp. "Fibre operating lengths of human lower limb muscles during walking." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 366, no. 1570 (2011): 1530–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2010.0345.

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Muscles actuate movement by generating forces. The forces generated by muscles are highly dependent on their fibre lengths, yet it is difficult to measure the lengths over which muscle fibres operate during movement. We combined experimental measurements of joint angles and muscle activation patterns during walking with a musculoskeletal model that captures the relationships between muscle fibre lengths, joint angles and muscle activations for muscles of the lower limb. We used this musculoskeletal model to produce a simulation of muscle–tendon dynamics during walking and calculated fibre oper

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Liu, Yali, Ligang Qiang, Qiuzhi Song, Mingsheng Zhao, and Xinyu Guan. "Effects of Backpack Loads on Leg Muscle Activation during Slope Walking." Applied Sciences 10, no. 14 (2020): 4890. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10144890.

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Hikers and soldiers usually walk up and down slopes with a load carriage, causing injuries of the musculoskeletal system, especially during a prolonged load journey. The slope walking has been reported to lead to higher leg extensor muscle activities and joint moments. However, most of the studies investigated muscle activities or joint moments during slope walking without load carriage or only investigated the joint moment changes and muscle activities with load carriages during level walking. Whether the muscle activation such as the signal amplitude is influenced by the mixed factor of load

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Marchetti, Paulo Henrique, Josinaldo Jarbas da Silva, Brad Jon Schoenfeld, et al. "Muscle Activation Differs between Three Different Knee Joint-Angle Positions during a Maximal Isometric Back Squat Exercise." Journal of Sports Medicine 2016 (2016): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/3846123.

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The purpose of this study was to compare muscle activation of the lower limb muscles when performing a maximal isometric back squat exercise over three different positions. Fifteen young, healthy, resistance-trained men performed an isometric back squat at three knee joint angles (20°, 90°, and 140°) in a randomized, counterbalanced fashion. Surface electromyography was used to measure muscle activation of the vastus lateralis (VL), vastus medialis (VM), rectus femoris (RF), biceps femoris (BF), semitendinosus (ST), and gluteus maximus (GM). In general, muscle activity was the highest at 90° f

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Oliver, Gretchen D., Audrey Stone, and Jessica Washington. "Hamstring and Gluteal Muscle Activation During the Assessment of Dynamic Movements." International Journal of Athletic Therapy and Training 21, no. 4 (2016): 30–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijatt.2015-0050.

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Recently, sports medicine professionals have shown interest in using dynamic movement assessments to help identify biomechanical risk factors for musculoskeletal injury. Thus the purpose of this study was to propose two movements (single leg step down and single leg lateral hop) that could predict injury and determine if these proposed movements elicited muscle activation of the hamstrings and gluteals. Surface electromyography was employed and muscle activations of the hamstrings and gluteus medius muscles were classified as strong during both the single leg step down (SLSD) and single leg la

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Warnock, Ben, Danielle L. Gyemi, Evan Brydges, et al. "Comparison of Upper Extremity Muscle Activation Levels Between Isometric and Dynamic Maximum Voluntary Contraction Protocols." International Journal of Kinesiology and Sports Science 7, no. 2 (2019): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.7n.2p.21.

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Background: Muscle activations (MA) during maximum voluntary contractions (MVC) are commonly utilized to normalize muscle contributions. Isometric MVC protocols may not activate muscles to the same extent as during dynamic activities, such as falls on outstretched hands (FOOSH), that can occur during sport or recreational activities. Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the peak MA of upper extremity muscles during isometric and dynamic MVC protocols. Methods: Twenty-four (12 M, 12 F) university-aged participants executed wrist and elbow flexion and extension actions during five

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George, Johnathan J., Andrea L. Behrman, Beatrice Ugiliweneza, Grant Morgan, and Thomas J. Roussel. "Rocking in a rocking chair activates trunk muscles in children with spinal cord injury and impaired trunk control." Journal of Pediatric Rehabilitation Medicine 18, no. 1 (2025): 61–77. https://doi.org/10.1177/18758894251319126.

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Purpose Rocking in a rocking chair may facilitate trunk muscle activation in children with spinal cord injury (SCI). To assess this, children with SCI and typically developing (TD) children were evaluated for increases in trunk muscle activation, muscle activation patterns, and correlation of trunk muscle activation with trunk control during rocking. Methods Eleven children with SCI and 10 TD children aged 1–12 years rocked while surface electromyography activity in arm, leg, and trunk muscles was captured. Mean muscle activity during rocking and at baseline were compared for each muscle. Temp

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Karahan, Menekşe, and Bülent Sabri Cığalı. "Assessment of hip muscles by surface EMG in gait analysis." Anatomy 14, no. 2 (2020): 86–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2399/ana.20.039.

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Objectives: The rectus femoris muscle flexes the thigh, while the gluteus maximus muscle extends it. Understanding the activations of these two muscles that function in opposition to each other during walking facilitates the interpretation of gait pathologies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the activations of these muscles during walking by using the surface electromyography (EMG) technique. Methods: Twenty female volunteers aged 18–26 years participated in our study. The electrical activation of the rectus femoris and gluteus maximus muscles of the participants was simultaneously evalu

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Ross, Stephanie A., and James M. Wakeling. "Muscle shortening velocity depends on tissue inertia and level of activation during submaximal contractions." Biology Letters 12, no. 6 (2016): 20151041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2015.1041.

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In order to perform external work, muscles must do additional internal work to deform their tissue, and in particular, to overcome the inertia due to their internal mass. However, the contribution of the internal mass within a muscle to the mechanical output of that muscle has only rarely been studied. Here, we use a dynamic, multi-element Hill-type muscle model to examine the effects of the inertial mass within muscle on its contractile performance. We find that the maximum strain-rate of muscle is slower for lower activations and larger muscle sizes. As muscle size increases, the ability of

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Daly, Janis J., Kristen Roenigk, Roger Cheng, and Robert L. Ruff. "Abnormal Leg Muscle Latencies and Relationship to Dyscoordination and Walking Disability after Stroke." Rehabilitation Research and Practice 2011 (2011): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/313980.

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The purpose was to determine timing characteristics of leg muscle latencies for patients following stroke (>12 months) who had persistent coordination and gait deficits, and to determine the relationships among abnormal latencies, dyscoordination, and gait deficits. We compared nine healthy controls and 27 stroke survivors. Surface electromyography measured activation and deactivation latencies of knee flexor and extensor muscles during a ballistic knee flexion task, consistency of latencies across repetitions, and close coupling between agonist and antagonist muscle latencies. We measured

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Spudić, Darjan, Darjan Smajla, Michael David Burnard, and Nejc Šarabon. "Muscle Activation Sequence in Flywheel Squats." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 6 (2021): 3168. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18063168.

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Background: Muscle coordination is important for rational and effective planning of therapeutic and exercise interventions using equipment that mimics functional movements. Our study was the first to assess muscle coordination during flywheel (FW) squats. Methods: Time-of-peak electromyographic activation order was assessed separately for 8, 4, and 3 leg muscles under four FW loads. A sequential rank agreement permutations tests (SRA) were conducted to assess activation order and Kendall’s tau was used to assess the concordance of activation order across subjects, loads and expected order of a

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Hashimoto, Hikaru, Tatsuma Okazaki, Yohei Honkura, et al. "Nrf2 Deficiency Exacerbates the Decline in Swallowing and Respiratory Muscle Mass and Function in Mice with Aspiration Pneumonia." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 21 (2024): 11829. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms252111829.

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Aspiration pneumonia exacerbates swallowing and respiratory muscle atrophy. It induces respiratory muscle atrophy through three steps: proinflammatory cytokine production, caspase-3 and calpain, and then ubiquitin–proteasome activations. In addition, autophagy induces swallowing muscle atrophy. Nrf2 is the central detoxifying and antioxidant gene whose function in aspiration pneumonia is unclear. We explored the role of Nrf2 in aspiration pneumonia by examining swallowing and respiratory muscle mass and function using wild-type and Nrf2-knockout mice. Pepsin and lipopolysaccharide aspiration c

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García-Arrabé, María, Fabien Guerineau, Beatriz Ruiz-Ruiz, Javier López-Ruiz, Mónica García-Mateos, and María-José Giménez. "Electromyographic Patterns of Muscle Activation During Running with Different Footwear at Different Speeds in Nulliparous Women: A Secondary Analysis." Sensors 25, no. 10 (2025): 3016. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25103016.

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With the global increase in women’s participation in running, understanding factors like footwear in performance and injury prevention has become essential. Minimalist shoes (MSs) and traditional shoes (TSs) influence muscle activation patterns, affecting running technique. Proper coordination of the core muscles is essential for efficient stride and posture. This study analyzed muscle activation in nulliparous women running in MSs and TSs at different speeds and explored the correlations with age and BMI. A crossover clinical trial assessed the EMG activation of the lumbar erector (LE), glute

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McKenzie, Alec, Zachary Crowley-McHattan, Rudi Meir, John Whitting, and Wynand Volschenk. "Fatigue Increases Muscle Activations but Does Not Change Maximal Joint Angles during the Bar Dip." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 21 (2022): 14390. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192114390.

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The purpose of this study was to profile and compare the bar dip’s kinematics and muscle activation patterns in non-fatigued and fatigued conditions. Fifteen healthy males completed one set of bar dips to exhaustion. Upper limb and trunk kinematics, using 3D motion capture, and muscle activation intensities of nine muscles, using surface electromyography, were recorded. The average kinematics and muscle activations of repetitions 2–4 were considered the non-fatigued condition, and the average of the final three repetitions was considered the fatigued condition. Paired t-tests were used to comp

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Montante, Barbara, Benedetta Zampa, Luca Balestreri, et al. "Instrumental Evaluation of the Effects of Vertebral Consolidation Surgery on Trunk Muscle Activations and Co-Activations in Patients with Multiple Myeloma: Preliminary Results." Sensors 24, no. 11 (2024): 3527. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s24113527.

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Multiple myeloma (MM) patients complain of pain and stiffness limiting motility. To determine if patients can benefit from vertebroplasty, we assessed muscle activation and co-activation before and after surgery. Five patients with MM and five healthy controls performed sitting-to-standing and lifting tasks. Patients performed the task before and one month after surgery. Surface electromyography (sEMG) was recorded bilaterally over the erector spinae longissimus and rectus abdominis superior muscles to evaluate the trunk muscle activation and co-activation and their mean, maximum, and full wid

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Li, Wei, Zhongli Li, Shuyan Qie, et al. "Analysis of the activation modalities of the lower limb muscles during walking." Technology and Health Care 28, no. 5 (2020): 521–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/thc-191939.

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BACKGROUND: Walking is a basic human activity and many orthopedic diseases can manifest with gait abnormalities. However, the muscle activation intervals of lower limbs are not clear. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to explore the contraction patterns of lower limb muscles by analyzing activation intervals using surface electromyography (SEMG) during walking. METHODS: Four muscles including the tibialis anterior (TA), lateral gastrocnemius (LG), medial gastrocnemius (MG), and rectus femoris (RF) of bilateral lower extremity of 92 healthy subjects were selected for SEMG measurements. The n

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Suter, Esther, Walter Herzog, and Robert Bray. "Quadriceps Activation during Knee Extension Exercises in Patients with ACL Pathologies." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 17, no. 2 (2001): 87–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.17.2.87.

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This study assessed muscle inhibition in patients with chronic anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) deficiency or ACL reconstruction. A series of protocols were tested for their effectiveness in increasing activity of the individual knee extensor muscles and decreasing muscle inhibition of the whole quadriceps group. Quadriceps muscle inhibition was measured by superimposing an electrical twitch onto the quadriceps muscle during a maximal voluntary knee extension. The level of activation of the individual knee extensor and knee flexor muscles was assessed via electromyography (EMG). Patients with

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SAGESHIMA, H., D. PAVLŮ, D. DVOŘÁČKOVÁ, and M. MUSÁLEK. "Asymmetric muscle activation pattern found in patients with cervical dystonia during cervical flex-ion movement – a pilot study." časopis REHABILITÁCIA 62, no. 2 (2025): 111–24. https://doi.org/10.61983/lcrh.v62i2.103.

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Starting point: Cervical dystonia is a common form of focal dystonia, resulting in neck pain and the development of asymmetric neck and head postures. These abnormal postures contribute to muscular impairment, muscle imbalances, and, as a result, alteration in movement patterns. This study aimed to compare the asymmetry of cervical muscle activation pattern during cervical flexion movements between individuals with cervical dystonia and healthy young subjects.Methods: Eight individuals with cervical dystonia and eight healthy participants participated in this study. We recorded muscle activati

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Babault, Nicolas, Michel Pousson, Anne Michaut, and Jacques Van Hoecke. "Effect of quadriceps femoris muscle length on neural activation during isometric and concentric contractions." Journal of Applied Physiology 94, no. 3 (2003): 983–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00717.2002.

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The effect of muscle length on neural drive (here termed “neural activation”) was investigated from electromyographic activities and activation levels (twitch interpolation). The neural activation was measured in nine men during isometric and concentric (30 and 120°/s) knee extensions for three muscle lengths (35, 55, and 75° knee flexion, i.e., shortened, intermediate, and lengthened muscles, respectively). Long (76°), medium (56°), and short (36°) ranges of motion were used to investigate the effect of the duration of concentric contraction. Neural activation was found to depend on muscle le

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Torres-Oviedo, Gelsy, and Lena H. Ting. "Muscle Synergies Characterizing Human Postural Responses." Journal of Neurophysiology 98, no. 4 (2007): 2144–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.01360.2006.

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Postural control is a natural behavior that requires the spatial and temporal coordination of multiple muscles. Complex muscle activation patterns characterizing postural responses suggest the need for independent muscle control. However, our previous work shows that postural responses in cats can be robustly reproduced by the activation of a few muscle synergies. We now investigate whether a similar neural strategy is used for human postural control. We hypothesized that a few muscle synergies could account for the intertrial variability in automatic postural responses from different perturba

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Pavão, Bruno Marques, Vitor Cavallari Ricci, Vinicius Sedin Ramos, and Deborah Hebling Spinoso. "Evaluation of the lower limb and trunk muscles’ electromyographic activity during different squat techniques." Caderno Pedagógico 21, no. 10 (2024): e9882. http://dx.doi.org/10.54033/cadpedv21n10-380.

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Squatting is a widely used exercise in rehabilitation programs for strength and stability gain. However, little is known about muscle activation in variations of squat exercises. The purpose of this study was to compare the muscle activation of the vastus lateralis (VL), rectus femoris (RF), gluteus medius (GM), long fibular (FL), and erector spinae (EE) during traditional squatting compared to variations of unipodal squatting. Twenty physically active men (age= 21± 2 years, height =1.78± 0.05 m, mass = 84.5± 9.9 Kg) participated in this study. Muscle activation were extracted from electromyog

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KAK, D. W., A. R. ANITA, N. M. NIZLAN, I. NORMALA, N. A. ABDUL JALIL, and S. V. WONG. "COMPARISON OF NECK MUSCLE ELECTROMYOGRAPHY ACTIVITY IN RESPONSE TO EXTERNAL FORCE BETWEEN STATIC AND DYNAMIC LOADING." Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology 19, no. 04 (2019): 1850034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219519418500343.

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Understanding the behavior of neck muscles is essential to accurately simulate the human head-neck segment movement especially for low-speed motor vehicle crash situation. Some head-neck mathematical models were designed using neck muscle activation behavior in isometric contraction (static loading) as the properties of neck muscle activation. However, neck muscle activation pattern and strength capability may vary between static and dynamic loading. This study aimed to determine the differences between neck muscle activation level under static and dynamic loading. A neck strength test involvi

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Jacobs, Jesse V., Sharon M. Henry, Stephanie L. Jones, Juvena R. Hitt, and Janice Y. Bunn. "A history of low back pain associates with altered electromyographic activation patterns in response to perturbations of standing balance." Journal of Neurophysiology 106, no. 5 (2011): 2506–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00296.2011.

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People with a history of low back pain (LBP) exhibit altered responses to postural perturbations, and the central neural control underlying these changes in postural responses remains unclear. To characterize more thoroughly the change in muscle activation patterns of people with LBP in response to a perturbation of standing balance, and to gain insight into the influence of early- vs. late-phase postural responses (differentiated by estimates of voluntary reaction times), this study evaluated the intermuscular patterns of electromyographic (EMG) activations from 24 people with and 21 people w

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Moreira, Vinícius Marques, Leonardo Coelho Rabello de Lima, Arnaldo Luis Mortatti, et al. "Analysis of Muscle Strength and Electromyographic Activity during Different Deadlift Positions." Muscles 2, no. 2 (2023): 218–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/muscles2020016.

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The aim of the study was to analyze muscle activation in the three positions of the deadlift (DL). Twenty male participants (33.4 ± 3.9 years; 42.2 ± 9.1 months of experience with DL; 91.0 ± 14.8 kg; and 1.78 ± 0.06 m) pulled a bar through isometric actions in three DL positions: lift-off, mid-pull, and lockout. Isometric strength, knee angle, and activation of the rectus femoris (RF), biceps femoris (BF), lateral gastrocnemius (GAL), and erector spinae (ERE) muscles were collected. The analysis of variance showed that the maximum isometric force presented differences between the positions (p

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Strońska-Garbień, Katarzyna, Artur Terbalyan, Mariola Gepfert, et al. "Effects of Extrinsic and Intrinsic Motivation on Selective Activation of Shoulder Girdle Muscles During the Barbell Bench Press Exercise." Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology 9, no. 4 (2024): 218. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jfmk9040218.

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Background/Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effects of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation on selective muscle activation of the shoulder girdle during the barbell bench press. Specifically, this research focused on how attentional focus on individual muscles, such as the anterior deltoid (AD), pectoralis major (PM), and triceps brachii long (TBL), could influence their electromyographic (EMG) activity during the exercise. Methods: Twelve male participants, with at least five years of strength training experience, performed bench press exercises under two conditions: with extrins

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Kipp, Kristof, Ron Pfeiffer, Michelle Sabick, et al. "Muscle Synergies During a Single-Leg Drop-Landing in Boys and Girls." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 30, no. 2 (2014): 262–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.2012-0193.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate muscle activation patterns during a landing task in boys and girls through the use of muscle synergies. Electromyographical data from six lower extremity muscles were collected from 11 boys and 16 girls while they performed single-leg drop-landings. Electromyographical data from six leg muscles were rectified, smoothed, and normalized to maximum dynamic muscle activity during landing. Data from 100 ms before to 100 ms after touchdown were submitted to factor analyses to extract muscle synergies along with the associated activation and weighing coeff

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Ravari, Reihaneh, and Hamid Reza Kobravi. "Identifying the Dynamics of Leg Muscle Activation During Human Gait Using Neural Oscillator and Fuzzy Compensator." International Clinical Neuroscience Journal 5, no. 3 (2018): 106–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.15171/icnj.2018.21.

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Background: The goal of this study is to design a model in order to predict the muscle activation pattern because the muscle activation patterns contain valuable information about the muscle dynamics and movement patterns. Therefore, the goal of the presentation of this neural model is to identify the desired muscle activation patterns by Hopf chaotic oscillator during walking. Since the knee muscles activation has a significant effect on the movement pattern during walking, the main concentration of this study is to identify the knee muscles activation dynamics using a modeling technique. Met

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MacIntosh, Brian R., and M. Reza S. Shahi. "A peripheral governor regulates muscle contraction." Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 36, no. 1 (2011): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/h10-073.

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Active skeletal muscles are capable of keeping the global [adenosine triphosphate (ATP)] reasonably constant during exercise, whether it is mild exercise, activating a few motor units, or all-out exercise using a substantial mass of muscle. This could only be accomplished if there were regulatory processes in place not only to replenish ATP as quickly as possible, but also to modulate the rate of ATP use when that rate threatens to exceed the rate of ATP replenishment, a situation that could lead to metabolic catastrophe. This paper proposes that there is a regulatory process or “peripheral go

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Wade, Logan, Glen A. Lichtwark, and Dominic J. Farris. "Joint and muscle-tendon coordination strategies during submaximal jumping." Journal of Applied Physiology 128, no. 3 (2020): 596–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00293.2019.

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Previous research has demonstrated that during submaximal jumping humans prioritize reducing energy consumption by minimizing countermovement depth. However, sometimes movement is constrained to a nonpreferred pattern, and this requires adaptation of neural control that accounts for complex interactions between muscle architecture, muscle properties, and task demands. This study compared submaximal jumping with either a preferred or a deep countermovement depth to examine how joint and muscle mechanics are integrated into the adaptation of coordination strategies in the deep condition. Three-d

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Peng, Hsien-Te, Hsiu-Kuang Chang, Hung-Wen Chen, Tsung-I. Huang, and Hui Chen. "Neuromuscular Changes in Drop Jumps on Different Common Material Surfaces with Incremental Drop Heights." Applied Sciences 13, no. 8 (2023): 5123. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13085123.

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The purpose of this study was to compare changes in muscle pre-activation and short-latency responses in the lower limbs during drop jumps performed on different common soft and hard surfaces and at various platform heights. The study aimed to collect electromyography data from the rectus femoris, biceps femoris, tibialis anterior, gastrocnemius, and soleus of the dominant leg during drop jumps on sand, turf, polyurethane, and wood surfaces from platform heights of 30, 40, 50, and 60 cm. Muscle pre-activation refers to muscle activity 100 ms before ground contact during a drop jump, while shor

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Mirzoev, T. M., K. V. Sergeeva, S. A. Tyganov, V. E. Kalashnikov, and B. S. Shenkman. "Analysis of the Role of Piezo1 Channels in Mechano-Anabolic Coupling in Rat Soleus Muscle." Биологические мембраны Журнал мембранной и клеточной биологии 40, no. 5 (2023): 362–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0233475523050080.

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It is known that mTORC1-dependent pathway is involved in the activation of muscle protein synthesis and hypertrophy in response to mechanical stress. However, mechanosensors that mediate sensing and transmission of mechanical signals to the mTORC1 signaling pathway (mechanotransduction) are not yet identified. Mechanically activated (MA) ion channels are viewed as potential candidates for the role of such sarcolemmal mechanosensors. The aim of our work was to investigate the potential role of MA channels (Piezo1) in the activation of the mTORC1 pathway in the isolated rat soleus muscle in resp

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Decker, Michael J., John M. Tokish, Henry B. Ellis, Michael R. Torry, and Richard J. Hawkins. "Subscapularis Muscle Activity during Selected Rehabilitation Exercises." American Journal of Sports Medicine 31, no. 1 (2003): 126–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03635465030310010601.

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Background The upper and lower portions of the subscapularis muscle are independently innervated and activated. Hypothesis Upper and lower portions of the subscapularis muscle demonstrate different activation levels and require different exercises for rehabilitation. Study Design Controlled laboratory study. Methods Fifteen healthy subjects performed seven shoulder-strengthening exercises. Electromyographic data were collected from the latissimus dorsi, teres major, pectoralis major, infraspinatus, supraspinatus, and upper and lower subscapularis muscles. Results Upper subscapularis muscle act

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Ferey, Jeremie L. A., Jeffrey J. Brault, Cheryl A. S. Smith та Carol A. Witczak. "Constitutive activation of CaMKKα signaling is sufficient but not necessary for mTORC1 activation and growth in mouse skeletal muscle". American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 307, № 8 (2014): E686—E694. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00322.2014.

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Skeletal muscle loading/overload stimulates the Ca2+-activated, serine/threonine kinase Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase-α (CaMKKα); yet to date, no studies have examined whether CaMKKα regulates muscle growth. The purpose of this study was to determine if constitutive activation of CaMKKα signaling could stimulate muscle growth and if so whether CaMKKα is essential for this process. CaMKKα signaling was selectively activated in mouse muscle via expression of a constitutively active form of CaMKKα using in vivo electroporation. After 2 wk, constitutively active CaMKKα expression

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HAN, KAP-SOO, CHANG HO YU, MYOUNG-HWAN KO, and TAE KYU KWON. "ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECTS OF SPINE STABILIZATION EXERCISES USING A WHOLE BODY TILT DEVICE ON MUSCLE FORCES IN THE SPINE." Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology 14, no. 06 (2014): 1440003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021951941440003x.

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The objective of the study was to investigate the effects of 3D stabilization exercises using a whole body tilt device on forces in the trunk, such as individual muscle forces and activation patterns, maximum muscle activities and spine loads. For this sake, a musculoskeletal (MS) model of the whole body was developed, and an inverse dynamics analysis was performed to predict the forces on the spine. An EMG measurement experiment was conducted to validate the muscle forces and activation patterns. The MS model was rotated and tilted in eight different directions: anterior (A), posterior (P), a

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Mechó, Sandra, Alicia Palomar-Garcia, Manuel Wong, et al. "Characterization of acute effects of football competition on hamstring muscles by muscle functional MRI techniques." PLOS ONE 19, no. 8 (2024): e0308328. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0308328.

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Muscle functional MRI identifies changes in metabolic activity in each muscle and provides a quantitative index of muscle activation and damage. No previous studies have analyzed the hamstrings activation over a football match. This study aimed at detecting different patterns of hamstring muscles activation after a football game, and to examine inter- and intramuscular differences (proximal-middle-distal) in hamstring muscles activation using transverse relaxation time (T2)–weighted magnetic resonance images. Eleven healthy football players were recruited for this study. T2 relaxation time map

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Roh, Jinsook, William Z. Rymer, Eric J. Perreault, Seng Bum Yoo, and Randall F. Beer. "Alterations in upper limb muscle synergy structure in chronic stroke survivors." Journal of Neurophysiology 109, no. 3 (2013): 768–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00670.2012.

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Previous studies in neurologically intact subjects have shown that motor coordination can be described by task-dependent combinations of a few muscle synergies, defined here as a fixed pattern of activation across a set of muscles. Arm function in severely impaired stroke survivors is characterized by stereotypical postural and movement patterns involving the shoulder and elbow. Accordingly, we hypothesized that muscle synergy composition is altered in severely impaired stroke survivors. Using an isometric force matching protocol, we examined the spatial activation patterns of elbow and should

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Mravcsik, Mariann, Lilla Botzheim, Norbert Zentai, Davide Piovesan, and Jozsef Laczko. "The Effect of Crank Resistance on Arm Configuration and Muscle Activation Variances in Arm Cycling Movements." Journal of Human Kinetics 76, no. 1 (2021): 175–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/hukin-2021-0053.

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Abstract Arm cycling on an ergometer is common in sports training and rehabilitation protocols. The hand movement is constrained along a circular path, and the user is working against a resistance, maintaining a cadence. Even if the desired hand trajectory is given, there is the flexibility to choose patterns of joint coordination and muscle activation, given the kinematic redundancy of the upper limb. With changing external load, motor noise and changing joint stiffness may affect the pose of the arm even though the endpoint trajectory is unchanged. The objective of this study was to examine

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Hansen, J., G. D. Thomas, T. N. Jacobsen, and R. G. Victor. "Muscle metaboreflex triggers parallel sympathetic activation in exercising and resting human skeletal muscle." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 266, no. 6 (1994): H2508—H2514. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1994.266.6.h2508.

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Activation of a metabolically generated reflex in exercising skeletal muscle (muscle metaboreflex) in humans is known to trigger increases in sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) to resting skeletal muscles. In seven healthy human subjects, to determine whether this reflex mechanism also increases SNA to the exercising muscles, we recorded muscle SNA with microelectrodes in the right peroneal nerve and in fascicles of the left peroneal nerve selectively innervating the exercising muscles of the left foot. Subjects performed static toe extension at 20% maximal voluntary contraction alone or in comb

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Lavender, Steve, Jordan Trafimow, Gunnar B. J. Andersson, R. Samuel Mayer, and Ing-Ho Chen. "Trunk Muscle Activation." Spine 19, no. 7 (1994): 771–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00007632-199404000-00008.

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Cross, Janelle A., John deVries, Mason Mocarski, et al. "Electromyography of the Shoulder Musculature during Passive Rehabilitation Exercises." Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Arthroplasty 4 (January 2020): 247154922096004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2471549220960044.

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Background Medical professionals remain conflicted about the best rehabilitation protocol a patient should perform after rotator cuff repair surgery. Exercises deemed passive may be activating the shoulder muscles to a moderate level, thus putting the surgical repair construct at risk for re-injury. The purpose of this study was to measure the activation of the rotator cuff and surrounding musculature during exercises used in physical therapy following rotator cuff repair surgery using electromyography (EMG). Methods Muscle activation was recorded in fourteen participants performing sixteen ex

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Eltz, Giovana Duarte, Enaile Farias Moraes, Cíntia Mussi Alvim Stocchero, Clarice Sperotto dos Santos Rocha, and Mauro Gomes Matos. "Differences of free-throw shot in wheelchair basketball and conventional players." Acta Fisiátrica 22, no. 3 (2015): 145–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.2317-0190.v22i3a114534.

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Wheelchair Basketball (WB) follows almost the same rules as Conventional Basketball (CB). Objective: Evaluate the electromyographic (EMG) activation of the pectoralis major (PM), anterior deltoid (AD), and triceps brachii (TB) muscles during shooting in CB and WB athletes and to verify whether there is any difference in muscle activation between the categories. Method: Comparing two groups in a transversal study, CB and WB, in which eleven individuals submitted to an electromyographic examination, of muscles PM, AD, TB on the extremity that was doing the shooting. We used a 4-channel EMG (Miot

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Figas, Gabriela, Anna Hadamus, Michalina Błażkiewicz, and Jolanta Kujawa. "Symmetry of the Neck Muscles’ Activity in the Electromyography Signal during Basic Motion Patterns." Sensors 23, no. 8 (2023): 4170. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23084170.

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The activity of muscles during motion in one direction should be symmetrical when compared to the activity of the contralateral muscles during motion in the opposite direction, while symmetrical movements should result in symmetrical muscle activation. The literature lacks data on the symmetry of neck muscle activation. Therefore, this study aimed to analyse the activity of the upper trapezius (UT) and sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscles at rest and during basic motions of the neck and to determine the symmetry of the muscle activation. Surface electromyography (sEMG) was collected from UT and S

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Cappellini, G., Y. P. Ivanenko, R. E. Poppele, and F. Lacquaniti. "Motor Patterns in Human Walking and Running." Journal of Neurophysiology 95, no. 6 (2006): 3426–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00081.2006.

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Despite distinct differences between walking and running, the two types of human locomotion are likely to be controlled by shared pattern-generating networks. However, the differences between their kinematics and kinetics imply that corresponding muscle activations may also be quite different. We examined the differences between walking and running by recording kinematics and electromyographic (EMG) activity in 32 ipsilateral limb and trunk muscles during human locomotion, and compared the effects of speed (3–12 km/h) and gait. We found that the timing of muscle activation was accounted for by

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