Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Muscles – Évolution'
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Dayraud, Cyrielle. "Origine et évolution des muscles et du système neuro-musculaire : approches morpho-anatomique et moléculaire chez le cténaire Pleurobrachia pileus." Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066474.
Full textCondamine, Thomas. "Étude comparative d'expression de gènes chez un scyphozoaire (Aurelia aurita) et un hydrozoaire (Clytia hemisphaerica) : nouvelles perspectives sur certaines innovations évolutives qui caractérisent leurs stades méduse." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS384.
Full textThree of the five classes of cnidarians possess pelagic medusae. The latter are classically considered homologous, i.e. inherited from a planktonic stage acquired in the ancestor of all medusozoans. However, an impressive array of fundamental differences opposes hydromedusae to cubomedusae/scyphomedusae, e.g. concerning their locomotory nervous systems, sensory organs, and ontogeny. Could there have been several convergent acquisitions of a medusa stage? The research presented here is based on comparative study of a hydromedusa (Clytia hemisphaerica) and a scyphomedusa (Aurelia aurita), involving gene phylogenies, and gene expression surveys using RNA-seq, in situ hybridisation, and qPCR. The main objectives were (i) an improved characterisation of the Clytia tentacle system; and comparisons between these two medusae, of (ii) the deployment of key actors in animal development and morphogenesis, and of (iii) some proteins associated with striated muscles which are absent in polyps and convergent with those of bilaterians. Comparison of Wnt expressions supports conservation among cnidarians of the roles held by several signalling pathways downstream of the Wnt ligands, in the organisation of the oral-aboral polarity and of some elements of the nervous system, and suggests that tentacles and tetraradial symmetry may not be homologous between hydro- and scyphomedusae. Independent recruitments of tropomyosin forms specific to the striated muscles strongly advocate convergent origins of striated muscles and thereby of pelagic locomotion between hydro- and scyphomedusae. These findings challenge the classical scenario of a single medusa acquisition during cnidarian evolution
Ilharramounho, Patricia. "Les rhabdomyosarcomes de l'enfant : données cliniques, paracliniques, thérapeutiques et évolution : à propos de onze patients." Bordeaux 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990BOR25126.
Full textDesvigne, Nicolas. "Détermination de la concentration en Insulin-like Growth factor-I dans le secteur interstitiel musculaire chez l'homme : aspect méthodologique et évolution avec l'exercice musculaire." Saint-Etienne, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004STET005T.
Full textDoutreloux, Jean-Paul. "Contribution à l'étude du muscle : évolution de l'architecture du muscle penne au cours du développement post-embryonnaire : exemple des muscles crural et droit antérieur du lapin (Oryctolagus cuniculus)." Bordeaux 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR28192.
Full textWe have studied the architectural evolution of two rabbit pinnate muscles, between birth and sexual maturity, according to four different approches : the behavior of the animals in their life rearing context, the dissection of 96 hindlimbs, the measure of architectural parameters and the realisation of histological crosssections. The biometrics measures have benn always made in the same conditions thanks to the choice of a reference position corresponding to the minimal length of the resting muscle "in situ". The morphology of the two muscles doesn't undergo metamorphis ; their lengthening happens at different rates, corresponding to both alimentary and motricity changes. Lengthening is firstly the result of hypertrophy of tendinous sheets which seems to contribute to the bone action and to finish the muscle fibers organisation and arrangement iniciated during the embryonary period of development. We suggest that the different parts of a single muscle grow at different rates because of the regional variation of the angle of the muscular fibers
Bruas-Reignier, Françoise. "Relations entre conditions de production, composition chimique et évolution post-mortem des viandes de jeunes bovins." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPL041N.
Full textHédoux, Patrick. "Détermination de paramètres biomécaniques personnalisés à partir d'imagerie médicale : application aux sujets hémiplégiques." Valenciennes, 2004. http://ged.univ-valenciennes.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/165e1b0d-7270-4dd2-9d42-f5d3c856ab44.
Full textThe study of kinematics and human kinetics requires knowledge of anthropomorphic data such as the dimensions and inertia moments of body segments. Dimensions are easily measured whereas inertia moments are classically evaluated from tables or from modelling methods based on population averages. So an individualized analysis method is necessary. This thesis work proposes an automatic method for the personalized determination of geometrical and inertial parameters of body segments from 3D medical images. MRI was selected for this research. Recognition of tissue types is performed with several image segmentation techniques. An original segmentation method using fuzzy logic was developed and yields better results in terms of efficacy and robustness. Geometric and inertial parameters were calculated for each body segment. The precision of the determination was studied on virtual images and standard anatomical pieces. The results were also compared to those of methods classically used
Derothe, Jean-Marc. "Parasitisme et évolution hôte : approche expérimentale de la susceptibilité des hybrides entre les souris "Mus musculus musculus" et "Mus musculus domesticus"." Montpellier 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MON20120.
Full textBelkhir, Khalid. "Différenciation chromosomique et évolution chez "Mus musculus domesticus" : cas des souris robertsoniennes d'Alsace." Montpellier 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON20161.
Full textIvantcheva, Aglika. "Le rôle des mécanismes comportementaux dans l'isolement reproductif et la spéciation des souris sauvages "Mus musculus musculus", "Mus macedonicus" et "Mus spicilegus"." Montpellier 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON20026.
Full textBoyas, Sébastien. "Analyse des évolutions du signal électromyographique en vue de la prédiction de l'endurance limite lors de taches mono- et multi-segmentaires." Nantes, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NANT2116.
Full textThis work aims to analyse the changes in the electromyographic signal (sEMG) in order to predict the endurance time (tlim) of submaximal tasks sustained to exhaustion. Our studies focused on multi-segmental task indicate that the prediction of the tlim in these conditions is limited, and probably influenced by the development of muscular coordination between synergists, particularly for trained subjects. In the mono-segmental condition, higher exercise intensity seems to improve tlim prediction. Increasing exercise intensity may reduce the influence of central and psychological factors in performance and may limit muscular coordination strategies which alter tlim prediction. Changes in articular angle seem to not influence the prediction ability. Prediction would be useful during the testing of muscular capacities of sportsmen, or pathologic, subjects in limiting exercise time and therefore the deleterious risks associated to exercises lead to exhaustion
Izem, Lahoucine. "Étude enzymologique et histologique de l'AMP désaminase de muscle de deux espèces de sélaciens (Scyliorhinus canicula et Raja clavata) : une approche des mécanismes de son évolution." Brest, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BRES2020.
Full textVanlerberghe, Flavie. "Histoire évolutive de la zone d'hybridation naturelle entre les deux sous-espèces de souris européennes Mus musculus domesticus et Mus musculus musculus : dynamique de l'introgression de gènes autosomaux, de l'ADN mitochondrial et du chromosome Y." Montpellier 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988MON20001.
Full textCantereau, Anne. "Étude, par imagerie confocale de fluorescence, de la dynamique spatio-temporelle du Ca2+ libre intracellulaire et de son évolution au cours de la différenciation des cellules musculaires squelettiques de rat in vitro." Bordeaux 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR28493.
Full textFontugne, Jacqueline. "Basal/Squamous Subtype of Bladder Cancer : Mechanisms of Progression, Transcriptional Regulators and New Therapeutic Strategies A Consensus Molecular Classification of Muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer Gene Expression Dynamics During Progression to Basal/Squamous Bladder Cancer in the BBN Mouse Model Reveals a Switch From EGFR to FGFR1 Dependency in Sarcomatoid Tumors Enhancer Profiling of Bladder Cancer Reveals a Candidate Basal/Squamous-Specific Core Regulatory Circuitry Tertiary Lymphoid Structures Marker CXCL13 Is Associated With 1 Better Survival for 2 Patients With Advanced-Stage Bladder Cancer Treated With Immunotherapy." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASL030.
Full textBladder cancer is frequent, with poor prognosis at the muscle-invasive stage (MIBC). The basal/squamous (Ba/Sq) subtype of MIBC can progress to the sarcomatoid variant and has very poor outcome.Owing to their aggressive phenotype, Ba/Sq tumors are often diagnosed at advanced stages, hampering the study of disease progression in humans. In a first part, we thus utilized a carcinogen-induced mouse model of Ba/Sq MIBC to explore the molecular changes occurring from pre-invasive stages, to Ba/Sq MIBC, to the sarcomatoid variant. We determined that pre-invasive stages already harbor Ba/Sq features and identified clusters of genes with co-expression changes during progression, with relevance to human disease. A focus on sarcomatoid cases revealed their close resemblance to the human sarcomatoid counterpart. We identified an EGFR/FGFR1 switch during sarcomatoid dedifferentiation, correlated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). This finding indicates that patients with sarcomatoid, EMT- or FGFR1-high tumors may benefit from FGFR inhibitors.Additionally, the master transcription factors (TFs) controlling the Ba/Sq phenotype are poorly understood. One approach to identify such TFs is to pinpoint to those forming a core regulatory circuitry (CRC) driven by super-enhancers (SE), i.e., large genomic regulatory domains with a major role in cell identity. In a second part, we identified such SEs by performing ChIP-seq for H3K27ac, a typical histone modification found in SE regions, in bladder cancer primary tumors and cells lines, including of Ba/Sq subtype. We determined that distinct H3K27ac profiles are associated with molecular subtypes and identified subtype-specific SEs. CRC analysis using the CRCmapper algorithm nominated potential master TFs driving the Ba/Sq phenotype, including RUNX2 and KLF7. Further functional validation of these candidates in bladder cancer cell lines is necessary.Overall, this work furthers our understanding of Ba/Sq MIBC and provides potential new therapeutic strategies
Krummen, Stéphane. "Évolution de la nature et de l'efficacité du facteur hyperpolarisant dérivé de l'endothélium (EDHF) au cours du vieillissement associé ou non à l'hypercholestérolémie dans les artères de résistance du muscle squelettique de la souris." Thèse, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/15767.
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