Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Muscles lisses – Cytologie'
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Begueret, Hugues. "Relation structure-fonction des voies aériennes périphériques dans les maladies bronchiques obstructives." Bordeaux 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR21156.
Full textThe inflammatory response in airway of asthmatics has mostly been described in the mucosa whereas airway smooth muscle (ASM) was considered as an effector having the ability to contract and/or proliferate. We have analysed ultrastructural aspects of human ASM in asthmatic patients. We have examined the potential interactions between HASMC and mast cells and investigated the hypothesis that after stimulation HASMC can induce chemotaxis through the production of cytokines. We also proposed to use quantitative CT to compare lung attenuation with inflammatory infiltration of peripheral airways in smokers. In asthmatics HASMC cells present with particular features of remodeling associated with direct interactions with inflammatory cells and myofibroblasts. Moreover, tryptase stimulated HASMC induce cytokine synthesis and mast cell chemotaxis. Finally, we have shown that in smokers, air trapping is correlated with inflammatory infiltration of the smooth muscle layer of small airways
Fayon, Michael John. "Développement pulmonaire et physiopathologie cellulaire, moléculaire et intégrée de l'hyperréactivité des voies aériennes." Bordeaux 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR21222.
Full textMany reports highlight the role of airway smooth muscle cells (ASMC) in the patho-physiology of inflammatory airway diseases (asthma, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, cystic fibrosis, etc. ). In addition to the control of bronchomotor tone, ASMC can secrete pro-inflammatory mediators and cytokines, and can proliferate, thus producing irreversible airway obstruction. Based on the fact that the long-term functional prognosis of asthma is determined as early as at the age of 6 years, we sought to explore the underlying basic biological and cellular mechanisms. The aim of the present work was to explore the 3 properties (control of airway tone, secretory properties, proliferation) of ASMC during the course of their development, by comparing the results obtained in immature and adult rat and human ASMC. We have demonstrated that : 1) In immature rats, increased tracheal ring relaxation to β2-receptor agonists is related to the attenuated expression of post-jonctionnal muscarinic M2 receptors. The functional efficacy of M2-R blocade by methoctramine is thus enhanced in adult animals. These maturational differences are less marked in cultured ASMC ; 2) Inflammatory mediators increase the peak cytosolic calcium concentration in ASMC at baseline (micro-perfusion of the mediators at the time of the intracellular calcium concentration measurement, or after 3 days' incubation in pro-inflammatory conditions (TNFα) ; 3) Clinically, 4 puffs of ipratropium bromide (Atrovent*) or terbutaline (Bricanyl*) significantly lower respiratory system resistance in 38 to 43 % of intubated ventilated neonates, respectively ; 4) The replication of immature non-asthmatic ASMC is increased compared to adults. This is not related to a differential expression of the anti-proliferative transcription factor, C/EBPα ; 5) Immature ASMC secrete more leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) than adult ASMC). The effects of this molecule on calcium signalling and rat airway contractility to acetylcholine is greater in the presence of immaturity. In conclusion, ASMC may auto-amplify airway hypersponsiveness, as well as the inflammatory and remodeling process during the critical first few years of a child's existence
Jimenez, Maria. "Déterminisme cellulaire de la coarctation aortique humaine." Bordeaux 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR28689.
Full textLe, Dû Pasquet Sophie. "Expression et activités des prostaglandines endoperoxydes synthetases (PGHS-1 et PGHS-2) dans les cellules musculaires lisses aortiques." Bordeaux 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR28445.
Full textBelouchi, Nour-Eddine. "Physiopathologie de la signalisation calcique dans le muscle lisse des voies aériennes : effet de l'hypoxie chronique et des anesthésiques généraux." Bordeaux 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR28674.
Full textFitoussi, Guylène. "Cytotoxicité induite par les lipoprotéines de basse densité (LDL) oxydées sur cellules en culture. Rôle du calcium : [thèse en partie soutenue sur un ensemble de travaux]." Toulouse 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU30109.
Full textPagé, Elisabeth. "Les hormones vasoactives dans le contrôle du facteur de transcription HIF-1." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/19984.
Full textIl y a maintenant une quinzaine d'années ± Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 ¿ (HIF-1) fut une découverte clé dans la régulation de la réponse homéostasique suite aux variations dans la disponibilité de l'oxygène. HIF-1 est un facteur hétérodimère composé d'une sous-unité constitutive, HIF-1 (3, et d'une sous-unité régulée par les niveaux d'oxygène, HIF-la. HIFl a est hydroxylée par les prolyl-hydroxylases (PHD), modification post-traductionnelle qui permet le recrutement de pVHL (product of the von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor gene) et du complexe E3 ligase et qui mène à l'ubiquitinylation et à la dégradation par le protéasome de HIF-la. En hypoxie, Thydroxylation est bloquée résultant en l'accumulation du complexe HIF-1 et l'activation des gènes cibles. Les études de quelques groupes, dont notre laboratoire, ont montré que HIF-la peut aussi être régulée par des stimuli non hypoxiques. Les travaux de cette thèse visent à démontrer les mécanismes par lesquels un stimulateur non hypoxique tel Ang II régule l'induction de la protéine HIF-la dans un modèle de cellules vasculaires musculaires lisses (VSMC). D'abord, la stimulation du récepteur ATi mène à l'activation de la transcription du gène de HIF-la via l'activation de la protéine kinase C (PKC) sensible aux diacylglycérols (DAG). Ang II augmente également la traduction de la protéine HIF-la via l'activation de la production de dérivés réactifs de l'oxygène (DRO) et l'activation subséquente de la voie phosphatidylinositol-3- kinase (PI3K) et de sa composante en aval, la p70S6 kinase. La p70S6K participe activement à la traduction d'ARNm contenant les séquences 5'TOP qui contiennent de 4 à 14 pyrimidines incluses dans le segment 5' non-codant notamment de l'ARNm de HIF-la. Ensuite, Ang II, via son récepteur ATI, transactive des récepteurs tyrosine kinase membranaires tels que le récepteur du ± epidermal-growth factor ¿ (EGFR) et le récepteur du ± insulin-like growth factor receptor ¿ (IGF-1R) qui ont un effet sur l'activation du complexe HIF-1 et sur l'induction protéique de HIF-la, respectivement. Enfin, la signalisation induite par Ang II mène à la stabilisation de la protéine HIF-la afin de maximiser l'induction de cette protéine hautement instable. L'état pro-oxydant induit par Ang II dans les VSMC favorise la diminution des niveaux intracellulaires d'ascorbate, cofacteur important des PHD, diminuant ainsi l'hydroxylation de HIF-la, augmentant donc sa stabilité. En somme, Ang II est un puissant activateur de HIF-1, lequel joue un rôle important dans la biologie des VSMC régulée par Ang II.
Quignard, Jean-François. "Implication des canaux calciques et sodiques activées par le voltage dans la physiopathologie vasculaire." Montpellier 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON13513.
Full textPoulette, Sylvie. "Recepteurs des angiotensines et des kinines des cellules musculaires lisses artérielles en culture : rôle des kinines sur le trophisme des cellules artérielles." Bordeaux 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR28382.
Full textDandré, Frédéric. "La régulation transcriptionnelle du gène VCAM-1 au cours de la différenciation cellulaire du muscle lisse vasculaire." Bordeaux 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR28530.
Full textKe, Xuedan. "Effet de l'homocystéine sur le phénotype des cellules musculaires lisses artérielles : effet direct ou dysfonction endothéliale ?" Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX22952/document.
Full textPhenotype switching of arterial smooth muscle cells (SMC) from a contractile phenotype through a synthetic phenotype in response to pathogenic stimuli is involved in the development of arteriosclerosis. It is well established that homocysteine (HCY) induces arteriosclerosis in elastic arteries. This pathologic arterial remodelling is characterized by the accumulation of SMC showing synthetic phenotype associated with an endothelial dysfunction. However, the effects of HCY on SMC phenotype are unclear. Since endothelial cells play a key role in the regulation of SMC phenotype, the goal of our study is to determine whether HCY modulates the SMC phenotype through a direct effect or through the induction of an endothelial dysfunction. We found that pathologic concentrations of HCY increase the proliferation of human arterial umbilical SMC in culture and increase their proteolytic potential through a reactive oxygen species dependant mechanism. We also found that HCY has not effect on the expression of type I and III collagen and fibronectin, as well as contractile proteins (SM a-actine, calponine hl, SMMHC et smootheline B). Using pre-conditionned or not pre-conditionned SMC by conditionned culture medium (MC) from human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC), we found that MC from HUVEC stimulated with 100µM of HCY prevent the inhibition of proliferation induced HUVEC and did not altered the expression of type I and III collagen and fibronectin, as well as contractile proteins. Our results suggest that HCY can directly modulate the SMC phenotype towards a synthetic phenotype. Although HCY as been previously shown to induce an endothelial dysfunction, this latter does not seem to be involve in the modulation of SMC phenotype associated with hyper homocysteinemia
Malam-Souley, Rabé. "Effets de l'ATP exogène sur la prolifération des cellules musculaires lisses artérielles en culture et caractérisation des récepteurs purinergiques P2 impliqués." Bordeaux 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR28318.
Full textIn pathological or interventional conditions, exogenous ATP can be released by arterial smooth muscle cells (SMC), endothelial cells, or by blood cells such as platelets or erythrocytes. The aim of this work was to identify the role of ATP in the genesis of arterial lesions (atherosclerosis and restenosis) by studying the effects of ATP on proliferation of arterial SMC and to determine some of the mechanisms involved in these responses. In a first time, we demonstrated that exogenous ATP induced several cell responses (inositol-phosphate hydrolysis, cytosolic calcium release, cell cycle dependent gene expression) involved in mitogenic SMC activation. These studies suggested that ATP induced a limited cell cycle progression of SMC in culture from the quiescent state G0 to the middle of the G1-phase of the cell cycle. After a transient stimulation by ATP, this agonist induced a more sustained cell cycle progression through the G1-phase. So, ATP could be considered as a competence factor that makes SMC more sensitive to other factors such as insulin or PDGF, and could contribute to their proliferation. In a second time, we demonstrated that ATP-induced mitogenic responses were mediated via P2y- and P2u purinoceptors. The study demonstrated that exogenous ATP could play a key role in the genesis of atherosclerosis and restenosis, however, this work must be completed since responses of SMC to preferential agonists of P2u- and P2y-purinoceptors were different according to the phenotypic state of arterial SMC, suggesting that SMC responses to ATP might be different in normal and pathological arteries
Paulin, Roxane. "Implication de la voie de signalisation Src/Stat3 dans l'étiologie de l'hypertension artérielle pulmonaire." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28720/28720.pdf.
Full textPulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is an obstructive vasculopathy characterized by distal pulmonary arteries lumen obliteration and increased vascular resistances, leading to a rise in pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) and a compensatory right ventricular hypertrophy. Currently available therapies do not permit to reverse the established process and when the hypertrophy become insufficient, the right ventricle dilates and fails. This phenomenon is due to enhanced proliferation, survival and motility of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), which acquire a pseudo malignant phenotype. Our group previously described that the transcription factor NFAT (Nuclear factor of activated T-cells) is involved in these cellular disorders by increasing intracellular calcium level and enhancing proliferation; and by hyperpolarizing the mitochondrial membrane potential and decreasing mitochondrial-dependant apoptosis. In the Chapter 2, we demonstrated for the first time in the pulmonary vasculature, that STAT3 (Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) regulates directly NFATc2 expression and indirectly NFATc2 activity via the oncoprotein serine/threonine kinase Pim1 (Provirus integration site for Murine Moloney leukemia virus). In vitro and in vivo Pim1 inhibition (in the monocrotaline rat model) is associated with decreased NFATc2 activity and reversion of the malignant phenotype. Moreover, Pim1 deficient mice are resistant to monocrotaline or hypoxia-induced PAH. Finally, we demonstrated that Pim1 expression correlates with disease progression both in animal and human model. Thus, we underlined Pim1 as a potent therapeutic target and an interesting diagnosis tool. In the chapter 3, we showed that the signaling hub c-Src (sarcoma Schmidt-Ruppin A-2 viral oncogene homolog)/FAK (Focal adhesion kinase) is implicated in the regulation of the PASMCs pseudo malignant phenotype, in part by activating STAT3. FAK inhibition in vitro decreases PASMCs proliferation, survival and motility. In vivo, FAK inhibition is associated with decreased PAP and decreased vascular remodeling, making FAK as an interesting therapeutic target. In the chapter 4, we suggest dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) as another therapeutical option. This natural hormone is known to be beneficial in PAH through their vasodilating properties. We showed here that by inhibiting STAT3 activation, DHEA also has anti-proliferating properties. Therefore, clinical use of DHEA for PAH can be promising. During my PhD studies, I showed the critical implication of the Src/FAK/STAT3/Pim1 in PAH pathogenesis. I contributed to increase the knowledge on PAH pathogenesis and suggested some therapeutical solutions that can be useful to improve patient outcome.
Sabri, Abdelkarim. "Phénotype des cellules musculaires lisses dans le système cardiovasculaire normal et pathologique chez le rat." Paris 5, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA05S004.
Full textLavie, Julie. "Approche des mécanismes de différenciation du muscle lisse vasculaire par l'étude de la régulation de la transcription des gènes VCAM-1 et sm-MHC." Bordeaux 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR28682.
Full textBaron, Anne. "Mécanismes d'action de la thrombine sur les canaux ioniques des myocytes veineux : comparaison avec les mécanismes d'action de la noradrénaline." Bordeaux 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR28234.
Full textOliveira, Silva Cristina de. "Diabète de type II et expression des protéines CD36, NF-kB et PPARγ dans les cellules musculaires lisses aortiques : modulation par les produits avancés de glycation et par l'insuline." Montpellier 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON1T009.
Full textBelozertseva, Ekaterina. "Effets du récepteur minéralocorticoïde, de l’intégrine αv et de vimentine sur les fonctions des cellules musculaires lisses vasculaires et la rigidité artérielle." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0165/document.
Full textArterial stiffness and fibrosis have a predictive value in the development of cardiovascular diseases (CV). These two phenotypes involve vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) including membrane receptors and cytoskeletal proteins. The objectives were to examine: (i) the influence of the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) on vascular reactivity, (ii) the role of avb3 integrin in the development of arterial stiffness and vascular fibrosis, and (iii) the impact of vimentin and synemin on arterial structure and function. The mice with genetic invalidation of the proteins of interest were used in these three studies. Results: the absence of MR decreased vascular reactivity by altering the contraction/relaxation coupling of VSMC through Ca2+- and NO-dependent mechanisms (a decrease of vasoconstriction in response to extracellular Ca2+ and impaired endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation in response to acetylcholine). The invalidation of the αv subunit prevented fibrosis in response to the administration of angiotensin II. The absence of vimentin, and not that of the synemin, increased arterial stiffness via changes in focal adhesions of VSMCs as well as endothelial cells. In conclusion, the studied membrane receptors and intracellular proteins that influenced the structure and function of arteries through specific actions on muscle tone, the mechanotransduction and the ultra-structural organization of VSMCs. These studies show the multifactorial dependency of the stiffness-fibrosis phenotypes of the arterial wall at the cellular and molecular levels. These results require more mechanistic work to determine the role of these proteins in CV diseases related to aging
Calvier, Laurent. "La Galectine-3, médiateur des effets de l'aldostérone sur le remodelage cardiovasculaire." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0122/document.
Full textBackground. Aldosterone (Aldo) is involved in arterial stiffness and heart failure (HF), but the mechanisms have remained unclear. Galectin-3 (Gal-3), a beta-galactoside-binding lectin, plays an important role in fibrosis and HF. We here investigated whether Gal-3 is involved in Aldo-induced vascular fibrosis. Methods and Results. Rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) were stimulated with Aldo combined with mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) antagonists and Gal-3 inhibitors. Aldo upregulated Gal-3 expression via MR in VSMCs. Moreover, Gal-3 over-expression specifically enhanced collagen type I synthesis. Gal-3 inhibitors or Gal-3 silencing (siRNA) blocked Aldo-induced collagen type I synthesis. Rats were treated with Aldo-salt combined with spironolactone or modified citrus pectin (MCP) for 3 weeks. Hypertensive Aldo-treated rats presented vascular hypertrophy, fibrosis and increased aortic Gal-3 expression. Spironolactone or MCP treatment reversed all the above effects. Wild type (WT) and Gal-3 knock-out (KO) mice were treated with Aldo for 6 hours. Aldo bolus increased aortic Gal-3 and collagen type I expression in WT mice whereas no changes occurred in Gal-3 KO mice. Conclusions. Our data indicate that Gal-3 is required for the fibrotic response to Aldo in VSMCs in vitro and in vivo, suggesting a key role for Gal-3 in vascular fibrosis