Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Muscles – Physiopathologie'
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Laure, Lydie Richard Isabelle. "Etude du complexe CARP-Titine-Calpaïne 3 de la fonction vers la thérapeutique /." S. l. : Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2008. http://www.biblio.univ-evry.fr/theses/2008/2008EVRY0004.pdf.
Full textTrian, Thomas. "Rôle de la cellule musculaire lisse bronchique dans la physiopathologie de l'asthme." Bordeaux 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BOR21438.
Full textInflammation of the bronchial wall and remodelling of bronchial smooth muscle cell (BSM) are two major characteristics of asthma. The aim of this thesis was to analyze the role of the BSM cell in asthma, and to precise, on the one hand, the role of the protease-activating réceptor 2 (PAR-2) in the positive loops existing between BSM and mast cell, and, on the other hand, the role of mitochondria in the BSL remodelling in asthma. Using human BSM cell primary culture, we firstly evaluated the role of PAR-2 by microspectrofluorimetry using RNA interference (RNAi). Secondly mitochondrial biogenesis on human BSM was studied using molecular, cellular and functional skills on BSM from asthmatics, COPD and control patients. This thesis, showed that (i) RNAi decreased both PAR-2 expression in terms of protein expression, and mRNA levels, and tryptase or SLIGKV-induced calcium rise, whereas neither trypsin nor caffeine response was altered ; (ii) asthmatic BSM was characterized by an altered calcium homeostasis which increased mitochondrial biogenesis that, in turn, enhances cell proliferation leading to airway remodeling
Fayon, Michael John. "Développement pulmonaire et physiopathologie cellulaire, moléculaire et intégrée de l'hyperréactivité des voies aériennes." Bordeaux 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR21222.
Full textMany reports highlight the role of airway smooth muscle cells (ASMC) in the patho-physiology of inflammatory airway diseases (asthma, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, cystic fibrosis, etc. ). In addition to the control of bronchomotor tone, ASMC can secrete pro-inflammatory mediators and cytokines, and can proliferate, thus producing irreversible airway obstruction. Based on the fact that the long-term functional prognosis of asthma is determined as early as at the age of 6 years, we sought to explore the underlying basic biological and cellular mechanisms. The aim of the present work was to explore the 3 properties (control of airway tone, secretory properties, proliferation) of ASMC during the course of their development, by comparing the results obtained in immature and adult rat and human ASMC. We have demonstrated that : 1) In immature rats, increased tracheal ring relaxation to β2-receptor agonists is related to the attenuated expression of post-jonctionnal muscarinic M2 receptors. The functional efficacy of M2-R blocade by methoctramine is thus enhanced in adult animals. These maturational differences are less marked in cultured ASMC ; 2) Inflammatory mediators increase the peak cytosolic calcium concentration in ASMC at baseline (micro-perfusion of the mediators at the time of the intracellular calcium concentration measurement, or after 3 days' incubation in pro-inflammatory conditions (TNFα) ; 3) Clinically, 4 puffs of ipratropium bromide (Atrovent*) or terbutaline (Bricanyl*) significantly lower respiratory system resistance in 38 to 43 % of intubated ventilated neonates, respectively ; 4) The replication of immature non-asthmatic ASMC is increased compared to adults. This is not related to a differential expression of the anti-proliferative transcription factor, C/EBPα ; 5) Immature ASMC secrete more leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) than adult ASMC). The effects of this molecule on calcium signalling and rat airway contractility to acetylcholine is greater in the presence of immaturity. In conclusion, ASMC may auto-amplify airway hypersponsiveness, as well as the inflammatory and remodeling process during the critical first few years of a child's existence
Henique, Carole. "Conséquences physiopathologiques d'une oxydation constitutive des acides gras à chaîne longue dans le muscle." Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066185.
Full textLaure, Lydie. "Etude du complexe CARP-Titine-Calpaïne 3 : de la fonction vers la thérapeutique." Thesis, Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EVRY0004/document.
Full textCalpain 3, a protease of the skeletal muscle is defective in Limb-Girdle Muscular Dystrophies type 2A (LGMD2A). During our study, we demonstrated that CARP (Cardiac Ankyrin Repeat Protein), is a calpain 3 substrate. Our hypothesis is that calpain 3 enhances CARP interaction with sarcomere thus preventing its passage and its nuclear activities. Our experiments showed that CARP acts on the function of several transcription factors amongst which some are involved in the regulation of muscle mass and that CARP regulates the expression of proteins involved in remodelling. Together, our results suggest that CARP could intervene in the remodelling of sarcomere. The loss of such a mechanism could participate in the pathophysiology of LGMD2A. On the other hand, we showed that the expression of CARP increases in all dystrophic models studied, suggesting that CARP is a key marker of these diseases. The control of its overexpression may constitute a therapeutic option for these diseases
Roux, Etienne. "Physiopathologie de la signalisation calcique dans le muscle lisse des voies aériennes : effet des polluants atmosphériques et des anesthésiques généraux." Bordeaux 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR28558.
Full textCastagna, Olivier. "Physiopathologie de l'intolérance à l'exercice des sujets BPCO : place de l'atteinte vasculaire périphérique." Toulon, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOUL0001.
Full textImpaired exercise tolérance is one of thé main symptoms in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It is now widely acknowledged thaï COPD is characterized not only by pulmonary damage, but also by a skeletal muscle dysfunction during exercise. This thesis has point out that: 1) upper-limb muscle impairrnent was relatively less important than in lower-limb; 2) at least two arterial pathologies were présent in COPD patients: on thé one hand a réduction of peripheral arterial perfusion pressure was observed in 80% of patients, and in thé other hand, an increase in arterial stiffness- Thèse two arterial pathologies are associated with thé exercise performance impairment observed in COPD patients. Tobacco is probably thé principal vector of thèse pathologies. Within thé framework of a multidiscipiinary rehabilitation programme, a research of arterial peripheral diseases could thus be required in a systematic way for thèse patients
Taveau, Alain. "Place du couple élévateur-abaisseur dans la physiopathologie du conflit sous-acromial : étude électrophysiologique sur des volontaires sains." Bordeaux 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR2M174.
Full textLotteau, Sabine. "Caractérisation et implication du canal cationique TRPV1 dans la physiopathologie du muscle strié squelettique." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10167.
Full textTRPV1 (Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 1) cation channel is activated by capsaicine, acidosis, high temperature and by volatile anaesthetics (VA) in sensory neurons. In skeletal muscle, TRPV1 appears to be implied in exercice endurance and energy metabolism. The present work aims first to characterize the functionality of this channel using immnostaining and calcium imaging. We report that TRPV1 is functionally expressed in isolated mouse skeletal muscle cells of FDB (Flexor Digitorum Brevis). These experiments point out that TRPV1 acts as a SR calcium leak channel. In contrast to earlier reports, our analysis shows that TRPV1 is only located to the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) membrane. Subsequently, we have studied its physiological role in skeletal muscle. Thus, in a second part, we suppose that TRPV1 could be involved in malignant hyperthermia (MH) crisis in human. MH is a muscular pathology linked to an abrupt increase in body temperature (> 42°C) in patients. MH crisis is a severe and feared complication of anesthesia. Nevertheless, any studies have demonstrated that RyR1 mutants are activated by VA. If the triggering agents of MH are known, their targets remain to be determined. By combining calcium imaging and pharmacological agents, our data first demonstrate that TRPV1 is activated by isoflurane in skeletal muscle cells. TRPV1 is so a target of volatile anaesthetics in skeletal muscle. Afterwards, TRPV1 mutants (T612M and N394del), obtained from susceptibles MH patients, were discovered. In the second part of the work, using in vivo transfection of TRPV1 mutants in TRPV1-/- mice and intracellular calcium measurements we have been able to demonstrate that human TRPV1 mutants are more sensitive to VA than human wild type TRPV1. The last part of the work investigates the physiological role of TRPV1 in skeletal muscle, using a functional exploration (locomotor function, oxygen consumption) in TRPV1-/- mice. Preliminary data point out that training seems to be less effective on skeletal muscle function of TRPV1-/- mice. To conclude, these results indicate for the first time that TRPV1 is a functional SR calcium leak channel and that TRPV1 may be the missing link between MH induction and RyR1 mutants in skeletal muscle during anesthesia
Hyvelin, Jean-Marc. "Exposition ex vivo aux polluants gazeux des voies aériennes et des vaisseaux pulmonaires humains et animaux : effet sur la réactivité et la signalisation cellulaire." Bordeaux 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR28714.
Full textPayen, de la Garanderie Jean-François. "Etude par RMN 31P du métabolisme énergétique musculaire en physiopathologie humaine : applications à l'hyperthermie maligne et à l'hypoxie tissulaire chronique." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992GRE19004.
Full textHayot, Maurice. "Bronchopneumopathie chronique obstructive et fatigue des muscles inspiratoires au cours de l'exercice : son évaluation par une méthode non invasive." Montpellier 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON11172.
Full textPichon, Julien. "Impact de la surexpression de FoxO3a sur la physiopathologie musculaire de la maladie de Pompe (Glycogénose de type II)." Thesis, Nantes, 2020. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=36cea62a-e454-42c5-a21c-1fd5b915de61.
Full textPompe disease is a lysosomal storage disease due to deficit in acid alpha-glucosidase (GAA) that mainly induces severe skeletal muscle impairment. There is currently no treatment able to correct the skeletal muscle impairment at long term. A better understanding of the physiopathological mechanisms implicated is essential for the development of new therapeutic strategies. The aims of the present work are i) to characterize skeletal muscle physiopathology of Pompe disease using the Gaa·1- murine model and ii) to evaluate the impact of Fox03a overexpression on muscle physiopathology by gene transfer of AA VFox03a. Gaa" mice exhibit a strong glycogen overload and a progressive autophagie flux disruption, leading to a vacuolization of muscle fibers. Even it is associated with atrophy and fiber splitting, this vacuolization does not lead to muscle fiber degeneration. Satellite cells, which are responsible of fiber regeneration, remain functional but however display a defect of activation. In Gaa·1- mice receiving AA V-Fox03a, we demonstrated that Fox03a overexpression could improve the skeletal muscle impairments, through the prevention of glycogen overload, autophagie build-up and tissue remodeling. Moreover, neuromuscular function is improved by overexpression of Fox03a. Altogether, our findings provide new insight into the skeletal muscle pathophysiology. We positioned Fox03a as ªprotective key element against the development or' skeletal muscle impairment in Pompe disease
Gagnon, Philippe. "Intolérance à l'effort dans la maladie pulmonaire obstructive chronique (MPOC) : origines et mécanismes." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29298/29298.pdf.
Full textThériault, Marie-Eve. "Caractérisation des cellules satellites chez des personnes ayant une maladie pulmonaire obstructive chronique." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27196/27196.pdf.
Full textBelouchi, Nour-Eddine. "Physiopathologie de la signalisation calcique dans le muscle lisse des voies aériennes : effet de l'hypoxie chronique et des anesthésiques généraux." Bordeaux 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR28674.
Full textSirvent, Pascal. "Implication des interactions homéostasie calcique - métabolisme mitochondrial dans les mécanismes physiopathologiques musculaires : exemple de la myotoxicité des statines et de l'insulinorésistance." Montpellier 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MON1T015.
Full textLorin, Charlotte. "Altérations architecturales et fonctionnelles des éléments du couplage excitation-contraction des cardiomyocytes murins déficients en dystrophine." Poitiers, 2011. http://nuxeo.edel.univ-poitiers.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/750bf3b2-44fb-48f1-81b7-d4583ab98419.
Full textDuchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a sex-linked recessive progressive disease characterized by the loss of the sub-membrane protein dystrophin. This fatal disease leads to degeneration of skeletal and cardiac muscles. 90% of DMD patients present a dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) characterized by ventricular dilation and progressive decline in cardiac contractility that lead to patients mortality around 25 years old. Several researches suggest that dystrophin-deficient cells show membrane instability and, in the heart, calcium dysregulation leading to cardiac arrhythmias. Actually, it remains unclear whether these disruptions in dystrophic hearts are a result of wounded membranes caused by dystrophin deficiency or/and calcium transporters alterations. We described membrane structural damages and disorganisations, from the surface to the depth, of cardiomyocytes from the mdx mouse model of DMD. Experiments have been performed with Scanning Ion Conductance Microscopy (SICM) to characterize the loss of integrity of cardiomyocytes surface in dystrophin deficiency. Furthermore, functional approach revealed modifications of sparks which displayed doubled frequency at rest and an excitation-induced calcium release involved in Excitation-Contraction (EC) coupling slower in mdx cardiomyocytes. Thus, our experimental data show that ryanodine receptors, with drastic changes in functional properties, are involved in these dysregulations in dystrophin-deficient cardiomyocytes. We cannot assert that the loss of dystrophin is entirely responsible for structural and functional disruptions. However, we propose that, in the heart, dystrophin would play a “staking” role involved in maintaining the plasma membrane integrity not only at the cell surface but also in preserving T-Tubules structure in the depth of cardiomyocytes. In this way, calcium homeostasis would be preserved
Terzi, Nicolas. "L'insuffisance respiratoire au cours des maladies neuromusculaires : de l'approche conventionnelle aux relations respiration/déglutition et à leurs conséquences biotechnologiques." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010VERS0057.
Full textSurvival in patients with neuromuscular disease has improved, considerably, in recent years as a result of changes in the management of respiratory failure. However, the patients experience new physical disabilities and dependence on care with advancing disease. Understanding pathophysiology, evaluation and monitoring of these are essential. Impairment of inspiratory muscle strength is often accompanied by impairment of other physiological functions, such as swallowing. We are interested to demonstrate the link between these two physiological functions. The evaluation of the interaction between breathing and swallowing allowed us to demonstrate a close relationship and to assess the impact of ventilatory support during swallowing. This improves the performance of various physiological parameters of swallowing in invasive ventilation and non-invasive (NIV). However a number of questions remained unresolved notably concerning the impact of NIV on swallowing performance. Our studies are probably first step and new studies, developing new technologies are needed in order to confirm our findings and improve management of the patients
Eldin, Patrick. "Dissection moléculaire des zones fonctionnelles des isomyosines cardiaques." Montpellier 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON20236.
Full textSanchez, Olivier. "Physiopathologie de l'hypertension artérielle pulmonaire : rôle des facteurs vaso-actifs et de l'inflammation." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00663325.
Full textGayraud, Jérôme. "Approche pharmacologique dans la myopathie de Duchenne : nécessité d'un pré-requis sur la fonction respiratoire." Montpellier 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON1T042.
Full textMichaud, Annick. "Inhibition de l'activité de la myostatine dans les myoblastes normaux lors de la régénérescence musculaire." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/25999/25999.pdf.
Full textGrassin, Delyle Stanislas. "Rôle de l'hémokinine-1 et des récepteurs des tachykinines dans la contraction de préparations de muscles lisses bronchiques et vasculaires et dans la prolifération des cellules B." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011VERS0032.
Full textHemokinin-1 (HK-1) is the last discovered peptide of the tachykinin family. Our work was aimed at characterizing its expression and function in B cells and lung tissue, as well as the role of tachykinins in the contraction of saphenous veins. Our results showed that HK-1 was expressed in B cells and facilitated their proliferation through a mechanism independent of the actually known receptors. We then described its contractile properties on bronchial smooth muscle, following a mixed activation of NK1 and NK2 receptors, and a desensitization of the NK1 receptors was observed. Last, we showed that neurokinin A was able to contract vascular smooth muscle through NK2 receptors, which were also subject to desensitization. Our work contributed to a better knowledge of the tachykinin-related physiopathology
Berthier, Christine. "Organisation ultrastructurale du cytosquelette sous-sarcolemmal de la cellule musculaire squelettique chez la souris normale et déficiente en dystrophine (mdx)." Lyon 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LYO10170.
Full textJude, Baptiste. "Rôle de médiateurs de l'inflammation dans l'altération de la fonction musculaire : étude des effets du sepsis et de la chimiothérapie sur un modèle murin." Thesis, Brest, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BRES0145/document.
Full textMuscular dysfunction is associated with a worsen outcome for different pathologies. During this thesis, we have focused on mediators of the inflammation, such as cytokines, and their effects on heart and striated muscle function. In the first study, we have shown that the TNF-α decreased the heart contractile force by PKC pathway activation, but that the membrane excitability remained unchanged. In the second study, we showed that IL-13 increased the heart contraction, by the activation of β2 adrenergic - PKA pathway, and increased the membrane excitability of cardiomyocytes associated to an increase of the number of channels at the membrane level. Nevertheless, IL-13 lost its effect on septic heart. In the third study, we showed that the chemotherapy, docetaxel, was able to induce muscle atrophy associated to the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and a decrease of the contractile force of the skeletal muscle. However, the addition of dantrolene, an inhibitor of calcium channels, can prevent these deleterious effects. For the last study, we showed that the inhibition of TGF-α pathway can have beneficial effects on diaphragm dysfunction during sepsis, by preserving both muscle mass and muscle contractile force
Siracusa, Julien. "Étude des microARNs circulants comme biomarqueurs de lésions musculaires." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS330.
Full textSkeletal muscle damage is an often-occuring event. Diagnosis is based on blood biomarkers assessment. Yet, the markers currently available suffer limitations and new biomarker candidates are needed. Recently, small non-coding RNA, microRNAs (miRNAs), were identified. Detectable in plasma, some miRNAs are tissue-specific and have been proposed as biomarkers of tissue damage. However, their relevance as biomarkers of skeletal muscle damage in healthy individuals is unknown. The aim of this work was to identify and characterize the circulating miRNAs response to muscle damage in rats.First, we studied circulating miRNAs response to myotoxic muscle damage in healthy rats in order to identify biomarker candidates and their detection kinetics. RT-qPCR profiling led to the identification of muscle-specific miRNAs that subtantially increased in plasma in response to muscle damage, namely miR-1-3p, -133a-3p, -133b-3p, -206-3p, -208b-3p, and -499-5p with a peak value at 12 h. Two non-muscle-specific miRNAs, miR-378a-3p and miR-434-3p, had similar profiles. The evaluation of the diagnostic accuracy has shown that selected miRNAs were able to discriminate damaged from non-damaged rats with almost no error and a combinatory approach was able to further increase this accuracy. Similar results were found in female and aged rats. Moreover, we sought to evaluate the robustness of selected miRNAs. Despite diferente expression of selected miRNAs in slow and fast fibers, the phenotype of injured muscle had a very limited influence on the plasma miRNA response. Then, we induced muscle damage in an increasing muscle mass and we observed that damage responsive miRNA response was not proportional to the extent of muscle damage. Selected miRNAs did not increased in response to traumatic muscle damage. However, we observed that miR-133a-3p et -133b-3p could be useful markers to detect an early muscle remodeling following neurologic damage. Finally, hemolysis and platelet contamination, two pre-analytical factors known to affect circulating miRNA profiles, had no effect on the miRNAs we selected.Taken together, our results show that circulating muscle-specific miRNAs as well as miR-378a-3p and miR-434-3p, are robust and promising biomarkers of acute muscle damage in rats
Cherfan, Julien. "La décorine : un nouveau composant de la communication entre les muscles squelettiques et les cellules β pancréatiques". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAJ066.
Full textType 2 diabetes is a chronic pathology that is increasing rapidly around the world. An over-rich diet combined with a sedentary lifestyle leads to hyperglycemia over time. The increase in body mass of these subjects induces chronic inflammation. This phenomenon ultimately disrupts the physiology of the pancreatic β cell by causing the loss of its insulin secretoryfunction and reducing the pancreatic islet mass, leading to insulin-dependent, last stage of ype 2 diabetes. The "cross-talk" wich is a complex phenomenon exploring the interaction ofdifferent organs through chemical messengers, is disrupted in the pathophysiology of type 2diabetes. In this context, the muscle is able to provide responses through myokine secretions. This study focuses on one myokine in particular, Decorine, secreted mainly bytriceps and having promising characteristics in the protection of the β cell against the deleterious inflammatory phenomena present in type 2 diabetes. We have demonstrated the potentiating role of Decorin on the functionality of the β cell in rats and humans. We have also demonstrated that Décorin has a protective role in an inflammatory context modeled by TNF-α. This work, constituting the first study on the beneficial role of Decorinon cell β, highlights its therapeutic interest in a pharmacological management strategy fortype 2 diabetes
Kerbeci, Pascaline. "Quantification de l'atrophie musculaire, du contenu hydrique et de la distensibilité veineuse des membres inférieurs : effet sur la tolérance orthostatique : bed rest avec et sans countremesures [sic]." Tours, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOUR3301.
Full text24 women were placed in bed rest (60 d) to quantify few elements of physiological adaptation and deconditioning. Ultrasounds scanner was validated by MRI. After 55 d of bed rest, left ventricular myocardial mass and diastolic volume, thigh muscles volume decrease, venous distensibility of lower limbs, evaluated during orthostatic tests, increases in nutrition and control groups. Exercise countermeasure limits alteration of these parameters. Liquid content in venous network and tissues of lower limbs decreases. No countermeasure limits the variation of liquid content. These modifications were superior in tolerant subjects during TILT. These elements are modified by Bed rest and contribute probably to orthostatic intolerance. Exercise countermeasure reduces some of these elements, without limiting totally orthostatic intolerance after Bed rest
Choby, Cécile. "Rôle d'un courant sodique dans la physiopathologie artérielle." Montpellier 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MON20156.
Full textCalota, Andra. "Reliability of spasticity measurement based on tonic stretch reflex threshold." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=111947.
Full textWikström, Jonsson Eva. "Functional characterisation of receptors for cysteinyl leukotrienes in smooth muscle /." Stockholm, 1998. http://diss.kib.ki.se/1998/91-628-2897-5.
Full textErnberg, Malin. "Significance of serotonin for pain, allodynia, and hyperalgesia in the human masseter muscle /." Stockholm, 1999. http://diss.kib.ki.se/1999/91-628-3779-6/.
Full textStockholm, Daniel. "Contribution à l'étude de la physiologie et physiopathologie moléculaire de la calpai͏̈ne 3." Paris 7, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA077223.
Full textOzier, Annaïg. "Etude physiopathologique de l'inflammation et du remodelage bronchique dans l'asthme." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR21810/document.
Full textAsthma is characterized by bronchial hyperresponsiveness, inflammation and remodelling. We used a translational and multidisciplinary approach to (i) clarify the interest of measuring exhaled NO in controlled asthmatics, (ii) determine the interest of micro-computed tomography for assessing bronchial remodelling in vivo by non-invasive measurement of the normalized peribronchial attenuation, and (iii) analyze the role of chitinase YKL-40 in smooth muscle remodelling
Schmotzer, Hans. "Knee joint contact stresses : the influence of deformity and muscle activity." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/26674.
Full textHedenberg-Magnusson, Britt. "Masseter muscle pain and its relation to pain mediators in fibromyalgia and local myalgia /." Stockholm : [Karolinska institutets bibl.], 2001. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2001/91-7349-038-5/.
Full textFerreboeuf, Maxime. "Etude du rôle de dux4 dans la physiopathologie de la dystrophie facio-scapulo-humérale." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066267/document.
Full textFacioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern and is one of the most common muscular dystrophies (7/100 000). FSHD usually manifests in the second decade of life and includes an asymmetric wasting and weakness of facial, shoulder and arm muscles and is affecting the distal muscles in later stages of the disease. D4Z4 repetitions, which are known to be decreased in FSHD patients, comprise an open reading frame encoding a transcription factor called DUX4 that is only expressed in patients affected by FSHD. My PhD thesis project is aiming to better understanding of the role played by DUX4 in human skeletal muscle in order to elucidate its involvement in the pathophysiology of FSHD. As FSHD is a progressive disease, I studied DUX4 mRNA expression in both primary human fetal muscle cells and in fetal muscle tissue of control subjects and FSHD1 patients. For the first time, we were able to demonstrate DUX4 expression at the fetal stage, and in addition, we showed abnormal expression of various genes that has been reported to be altered in adult FSHD patients. Also, our experiments on fetus and adult FSHD patient cells suggested an equal expression of DUX4 protein. Although DUX4 protein is expressed at a very low level in patients (about 0.5 to 10% of the nuclei), it leads to a strong misexpression of a large number of DUX4 target genes. By performing co-cultures between C2C12 mouse myoblasts and control or FSHD human myoblasts, we demonstrated that expression of toxic DUX4 protein occurs only in a limited number of nuclei in FSHD patient cells. Interestingly, we revealed that the expressed DUX4 protein is able to spread from one nucleus into nearby nuclei within the myotubes and hence transmitting the molecular pathological abnormalities. Our research project will give us new insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying FSHD
Quignard, Jean-François. "Implication des canaux calciques et sodiques activées par le voltage dans la physiopathologie vasculaire." Montpellier 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON13513.
Full textFranck, Agathe. "Rôle des protéines de l'endocytose dans la mécanotransduction et la physiopathologie de la myopathie centronucléaire autosomique dominante." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2018. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2018SORUS453.pdf.
Full textClathrin and dynamin 2 (DNM2), two key proteins of intracellular membrane trafficking, are co-expressed at specialized adhesion and force transmitting sites of muscle fibers called costameres. These assemblies link the plasma membrane to the extracellular matrix and to the contractile units of muscle. Importantly, mutations in their components cause several distinct myopathies. At the plasma membrane, clathrin forms large flat lattices interacting with costameric cytoskeleton. Clathrin depletion leads to defective costamere formation and induces an impairment of contractile properties. In addition, it has been shown that DNM2 mutations cause autosomal dominant centronuclear myopathy (CNM). In this project, I set out to investigate the interaction between clathrin plaques and the surrounding cytoskeleton with a particular emphasis on DNM2 contribution. I show that actin filaments surrounding mechanically sensitive clathrin plaques anchor a three-dimensional web of muscle-specific intermediate filaments and sequestrate YAP/TAZ, two nucleocytoplasmic shuttling proteins involved in muscle cell proliferation and differentiation. Importantly, my work demonstrates costameric defects in vivo in an heterozygous knock-in mouse model harboring the most frequent CNM mutation. By virtue of shaping both clathrin lattices and branched actin filaments, and by forming a complex with TAZ, DNM2 takes center stage as a central regulator of YAP/TAZ-mediated mechanotransduction and intermediate filament organization. This role may be the Achilles’ heel of several tissues and its dysfunction may lead to other diseases where the fine coupling between adhesion and force transduction is perturbed
Gonzalez, de la Fuente Patrick. "Physiopathologie cellulaire du muscle lisse vasculaire pulmonaire : rôle de l'influx calcique capacitif et effet de l'hypoxie." Bordeaux 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR28373.
Full textDewulf, Melissa. "Rôle de la cavéoline-3 et de la mécanique des cavéoles dans la physiopathologie du muscle." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS067/document.
Full textCaveolae are plasma membrane invaginations that require caveolin proteins for their biogenesis. Recently, our laboratory reported a new role for caveolae in the cell response to mechanical stress (Sinha et al, Cell, 2011). Mutations in the CAV3 gene (muscle isoform), which lead to Cav3 retention in the Golgi apparatus, are associated with muscular dystrophies (MD). My project consists in identifying the functional link between Cav3 mutations and MDs, which exhibit defects in membrane integrity and repair, and in muscle homeostasis.In Cav3-P28L and Cav3-R26Q mutated human myotubes, I showed a lack of caveolae structures at the plasma membrane. This results in a failed buffering of membrane tension increase upon mechanical stress, which leads to membrane integrity defects. I also showed that the interleukin-6 (IL6) pathway, important for muscle homeostasis, is overactivated in mutant myotubes, showing evidence of a negative regulation of the pathway by Cav3. Furthermore, the IL6 pathway is no longer negatively regulated upon mechanical stress, as it is the case in wild-type (WT) myotubes. Interestingly, mutated myotubes phenocopy Cav3 depletion, and the phenotype is reversible with caveolae reformation upon expression of the WT form of Cav3. This confirms the direct link between Cav3 mutations and the absence of caveolae with failed mechano-protection and IL6/STAT3 mechano-signaling
Song, Xiao Mei. "Insulin signal transduction in skeletal muscle : special consideration for insulin resistance and diabetes /." Stockholm, 2000. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2000/91-628-4502-0/.
Full textAllard, Benoit. "Implication du PAR-2 dans le remodelage musculaire lisse bronchique de la physiopathologie de l'asthme." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR22085/document.
Full textSmooth muscle cells (SMC) play an important role in asthma pathophysiology. In this thesis, we have highlighted the involvement of protease activated receptor type-2 (PAR-2) in SMC proliferation, which is a major component of airway remodeling. In the first study, we have shown an increased expression of PAR-2 in asthmatic bronchial SMC in vitro. Calcium response is dependent on the expression level of PAR-2, which does not affect the proliferative response. Repeated stimulation of PAR-2 increases the proliferation of asthmatics SMC only, by an ERK-dependent mechanism. In the second study, we have demonstrated that the basal production of reconstituted epithelium leads to a greater proliferation of asthmatics SMC compared to controls. Increased proliferation of asthmatics SMC only was observed, after stimulation with supernatant of the epithelium stimulated by house dust mites (HDM) compared to unstimulated epithelial supernatant. This mechanism is epithelial PAR-2-dependent, which induces the production of leukotrienes C4, whose receptor expression (CysLTR1) is increased in asthmatics SMC. These results provide new insights into bronchial smooth muscle remodeling in asthma and highlights the PAR-2 as a potential therapeutic target
Lindehammar, Hans. "Muscle function in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis : A two-year follow-up." Doctoral thesis, Linköping : Univ, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-5195.
Full textLabonté, Isabelle. "Muscle lisse bronchique et asthme : Études in vivo et in vitro." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26931/26931.pdf.
Full textSOUILEM, OUAJDI. "Physiopathologie de la reactivite contractile du canal deferent : etude in vitro sur les modeles d'exposition au froid modere et de sensibilisation antigenique." Nantes, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998NANT09VS.
Full textLee-Gosselin, Audrey. "The implication of tone on airway responsiveness in vivo in mice and on the contractile capacity of airway smooth muscle." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26334.
Full textTo understand and better define the pathophysiology of asthma is essential for the development of more effective treatments. Airway hyperresponsiveness and an elevated airway smooth muscle tone are two common features of asthma. Whether causality exists between these two characteristics is unknown. The work presented in this Master's thesis describes how a tone induced by a spasmogen affects airway responsiveness in vivo in mice to a spasmogenic challenge. The contractile capacity of excised murine tracheas was also measured to evaluate whether the obtained response in vivo involved airway smooth muscle. The results presented in this Master's thesis demonstrate that mice exposed to tone in vivo have an increased response to a high dose of a spasmogen, compared to control mice. The results also show that this response is caused, at least partly, by an increase in airway smooth muscle contractile capacity. Following these results, molecular mechanisms possibly involved in the gain in force induced by tone were investigated. It was hypothesized that signaling pathways downstream of G protein-coupled receptors were responsible for the increase in airway smooth muscle contractile capacity. Therefore, the inhibition of actin polymerization, the activation of myosin lightchain, the activation of G proteins, and the inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinases were evaluated to assess whether they mediate the gain in force induced by tone. The results show that none of the pathways studied were implicated in the gain in force induced by tone elicited by the continuous presence of a spasmogen. These latter results demonstrate that the mechanisms leading to a gain in airway smooth muscle force following an induced tone are complex and will require further investigation.
AMRANI, YASSINE. "Role du recepteur p55 au tnfα dans les variations phenotypiques des cellules musculaires lisses des voies aeriennes : implication dans la physiopathologie de l'asthme". Strasbourg 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995STR15053.
Full textRossetti, Max. "Physiopathologie cellulaire de la réactivité du muscle lisse des voies aériennes : effets de l'exposition à l'acroléine et de la sensibilisation immunologique." Bordeaux 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR28428.
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