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Journal articles on the topic 'Muscles'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Azizi, E. "Locomotor function shapes the passive mechanical properties and operating lengths of muscle." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 281, no. 1783 (2014): 20132914. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2013.2914.

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Locomotor muscles often perform diverse roles, functioning as motors that produce mechanical energy, struts that produce force and brakes that dissipate mechanical energy. In many vertebrate muscles, these functions are not mutually exclusive and a single muscle often performs a range of mechanically diverse tasks. This functional diversity has obscured the relationship between a muscle's locomotor function and its mechanical properties. I use hopping in toads as a model system for comparing muscles that primarily produce mechanical energy with muscles that primarily dissipate mechanical energ

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2

Locke, M., B. G. Atkinson, R. M. Tanguay, and E. G. Noble. "Shifts in type I fiber proportion in rat hindlimb muscle are accompanied by changes in HSP72 content." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 266, no. 5 (1994): C1240—C1246. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1994.266.5.c1240.

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Heat-shock protein 72 (HSP72), the inducible isoform of the HSP70 family, is constitutively expressed in rat hindlimb muscles in proportion to the content of type I muscle fibers. To determine whether this relationship was maintained after fiber transformation, male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with 3,5,3'-triiodo-DL-thyronine (T3) for 40 days or underwent surgical removal of the left gastrocnemius muscle, after which the left plantaris muscle was allowed to hypertrophy for 30 days. Hypertrophied plantaris muscles exhibited an increased number of type I fibers, type I myosin heavy-chain (M

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3

ABOALASAAD, ABDELHAMID R. R., BRIGITA K. SIRKOVÁ, and GOZDE GONCU-BERK. "Enhancement of muscle’s activity by woven compression bandage." Industria Textila 72, no. 04 (2021): 408–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.35530/it.072.04.1789.

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Electromyography (EMG) test, the recording of electrical activity in muscle, is a main tool usually used to evaluate themuscle’s activation. This study aims to discuss and analyse the effect of woven compression bandage (WCB) onmuscles’ activation. Flexor Carpi (FC), Soleus (SO), and Medial Gastrocnemius (MG) muscles were selected torepresent the wrist, ankle, and mid-calf muscles respectively, which were then evaluated by EMG electrical voltage testwith and without wearing WCB. The standardized activities used to test the FC muscle were flexion-extension andsqueezing a soft roll. While the pr

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Haładaj, Robert, Michał Polguj, and R. Shane Tubbs. "Comparison of the Superior and Inferior Rectus Muscles in Humans: An Anatomical Study with Notes on Morphology, Anatomical Variations, and Intramuscular Innervation Patterns." BioMed Research International 2020 (April 30, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/9037693.

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A comparison of the superior and inferior rectus muscles was performed to determine whether they have similar structures and innervation attributable to their participation in the same type of, although antagonistic, eye movements. The study was conducted on 70 cadaveric hemiheads, and the anatomical variations in the superior and inferior rectus muscles were assessed. Sihler’s whole mount nerve staining technique was used on 20 isolated superior and 20 isolated inferior rectus muscle specimens to visualize the intramuscular distribution of the oculomotor nerve subbranches. In two cases (~2.8%

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5

Lieber, Richard L., and Samuel R. Ward. "Skeletal muscle design to meet functional demands." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 366, no. 1570 (2011): 1466–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2010.0316.

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Skeletal muscles are length- and velocity-sensitive force producers, constructed of a vast array of sarcomeres. Muscles come in a variety of sizes and shapes to accomplish a wide variety of tasks. How does muscle design match task performance? In this review, we outline muscle's basic properties and strategies that are used to produce movement. Several examples are provided, primarily for human muscles, in which skeletal muscle architecture and moment arms are tailored to a particular performance requirement. In addition, the concept that muscles may have a preferred sarcomere length operating

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Shahin, Karima A., and R. T. Berg. "Growth and distribution of individual muscles in Double Muscled and normal cattle." Journal of Agricultural Science 105, no. 3 (1985): 479–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600059347.

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SUMMARYEighteen Double Muscled (DM), 18 Beef Synthetic and 18 Hereford bulls, serially slaughtered from approximately 250 to 800 kg live weight, were used to examine the influence of maturity type and Double Muscling on individual muscle growth patterns and distribution.Breed types differed significantly in the relative growth rate of five of the 95 muscles. Individual muscles grew and developed at relatively different rates with muscles associated with locomotion being early developing followed by those associated with structure or posture and finally those which respond to sexual maturation

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Bergmeister, Konstantin D., Martin Aman, Silvia Muceli, et al. "Peripheral nerve transfers change target muscle structure and function." Science Advances 5, no. 1 (2019): eaau2956. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aau2956.

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Selective nerve transfers surgically rewire motor neurons and are used in extremity reconstruction to restore muscle function or to facilitate intuitive prosthetic control. We investigated the neurophysiological effects of rewiring motor axons originating from spinal motor neuron pools into target muscles with lower innervation ratio in a rat model. Following reinnervation, the target muscle’s force regenerated almost completely, with the motor unit population increasing to 116% in functional and 172% in histological assessments with subsequently smaller muscle units. Muscle fiber type populat

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Afnan, Zavata, Arshad Nawaz Malik, Saira Jahan, and Arshad Ali. "Association of muscles length and strength with balance and functional status among children with diplegic spastic cerebral palsy." Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association 73, no. 2 (2023): 253–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.47391/jpma.5174.

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Objective: To determine the correlation of muscle length and muscle strength with balance and functional status among children with diplegic spastic cerebral palsy. Method: The cross-sectional study was conducted from February to July 2021 at the Physical Therapy Department of Chal Foundation and Fatima Physiotherapy Centre, Swabi, Pakistan, and comprised children aged 4-12 years with diplegic spastic cerebral palsy. The strength of back and lower limb muscles was assessed through manual muscles testing. Lower limb muscle’s length, indicating tightness, was assessed using goniometer. Paediatri

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9

Acevedo, Luz M., Ana I. Raya, Rafael Ríos, Escolástico Aguilera-Tejero, and José-Luis L. Rivero. "Obesity-induced discrepancy between contractile and metabolic phenotypes in slow- and fast-twitch skeletal muscles of female obese Zucker rats." Journal of Applied Physiology 123, no. 1 (2017): 249–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00282.2017.

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A clear picture of skeletal muscle adaptations to obesity and related comorbidities remains elusive. This study describes fiber-type characteristics (size, proportions, and oxidative enzyme activity) in two typical hindlimb muscles with opposite structure and function in an animal model of genetic obesity. Lesser fiber diameter, fiber-type composition, and histochemical succinic dehydrogenase activity (an oxidative marker) of muscle fiber types were assessed in slow (soleus)- and fast (tibialis cranialis)-twitch muscles of obese Zucker rats and compared with age (16 wk)- and sex (females)-matc

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10

SHAHIN, KARIMA A., and R. T. BERG. "GROWTH AND DISTRIBUTION OF MUSCLE IN DOUBLE MUSCLED AND NORMAL CATTLE." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 65, no. 2 (1985): 307–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas85-037.

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Eighteen Double Muscled (DM), 18 Beef Synthetic (SY) and 18 Hereford (HE) bulls, serially slaughtered from approximately 250 to 800 kg liveweight, were used to determine the influence of maturity type and "double muscling" upon muscle growth patterns and distribution. The left side of each carcass was dissected into major carcass tissues and the weights of individual muscles were obtained and grouped into nine standard anatomical groups. Relative to total side msucle (TSM), breed types tended to have similar growth coefficients for all muscle groups except muscles surrounding the spinal column

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11

Azizi, Emanuel, and Emily M. Abbott. "Anticipatory motor patterns limit muscle stretch during landing in toads." Biology Letters 9, no. 1 (2013): 20121045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2012.1045.

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To safely land after a jump or hop, muscles must be actively stretched to dissipate mechanical energy. Muscles that dissipate energy can be damaged if stretched to long lengths. The likelihood of damage may be mitigated by the nervous system, if anticipatory activation of muscles prior to impact alters the muscle's operating length. Anticipatory motor recruitment is well established in landing studies and motor patterns have been shown to be modulated based on the perceived magnitude of the impact. In this study, we examine whether motor recruitment in anticipation of landing can serve a prote

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Evans, C. G., S. Rosen, I. Kupfermann, K. R. Weiss, and E. C. Cropper. "Characterization of a radula opener neuromuscular system in Aplysia." Journal of Neurophysiology 76, no. 2 (1996): 1267–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1996.76.2.1267.

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1. Several lines of evidence suggest that the I7-I10 muscle group contributes to the radula opening phase of behavior in Aplysia; 1) extracellular stimulation of these muscles in reduced preparations causes the halves of the radula to separate, 2) synaptic activity can be recorded from muscles I7-I10 in intact animals when the radula is opening, and 3) motor neurons innervating I7-I10 are activated out of phase with retractor/closer motor neurons during cycles of buccal activity driven by the cerebral-to-buccal interneuron 2 (CBI-2). 2. All of the opener muscles are innervated by the B48 neuro

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Ullauri, Jessica Beltran, Yasuhiro Akiyama, Shogo Okamoto, and Yoji Yamada. "Biomechanical Analysis of Gait Compensation Strategies as a Result of Muscle Restriction." Applied Sciences 11, no. 18 (2021): 8344. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11188344.

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The loss of muscle mass with aging and consequent muscle weakness results in compensatory gait motions. Although these compensatory motions increase the cost of walking, they appear to be an attempt by the elderly to maintain safe ambulation. However, the relationship between the affected muscles and compensatory motions in the gait cycle is unclear. This study examined gait compensation in young subjects whose muscles were weakened with Muscle Activity Restriction Taping Technique, which restricts the muscle’s belly by tightening the lower limb(s). The study included different walking speeds

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14

del-Ama, Antonio, Aikaterini Koutsou, Elisabeth Bravo-Esteban, et al. "A comparison of customized strategies to manage muscle fatigue in isometric artificially elicited muscle contractions for incomplete SCI subjects." Journal of Automatic Control 21, no. 1 (2013): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jac1301019a.

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Muscle fatigue due to functional electrical stimulation still prevents its widespread use as a gait rehabilitation tool for spinal cord injured subjects. Although there is an active research towards optimization of pulse parameters to delay muscle fatigue, changes in stimulated muscle's performance during repeated contractions due to fatigue have not been yet determined. In this work, a study conducted in two phases with a sample of incomplete spinal cord injured patients is presented. In the first phase, a fatigue protocol based on submaximal isometric contractions allowed to obtain an object

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15

Houle-Leroy, Philippe, Helga Guderley, John G. Swallow, and Theodore Garland. "Artificial selection for high activity favors mighty mini-muscles in house mice." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 284, no. 2 (2003): R433—R443. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00179.2002.

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After 14 generations of selection for voluntary wheel running, mice from the four replicate selected lines ran, on average, twice as many revolutions per day as those from the four unselected control lines. To examine whether the selected lines followed distinct strategies in the correlated responses of the size and metabolic capacities of the hindlimb muscles, we examined mice from selected lines, housed for 8 wk in cages with access to running wheels that were either free to rotate (“wheel access” group) or locked (“sedentary”). Thirteen of twenty individuals in one selected line (line 6) an

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Lapier, T. K., H. W. Burton, R. Almon, and F. Cerny. "Alterations in intramuscular connective tissue after limb casting affect contraction-induced muscle injury." Journal of Applied Physiology 78, no. 3 (1995): 1065–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1995.78.3.1065.

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This study examined the effect of alterations in rat intramuscular connective tissue (CT), secondary to limb immobilization, on the muscle's susceptibility to contraction-induced injury. Hindlimbs were casted for 3 wk with the extensor digitorum longus muscle fixed in a shortened (IM-SP) or lengthened position (IM-LP). An age-matched control group remained uncasted. Extensor digitorum longus muscles were injured in vivo by using a motorized foot pedal that repeatedly flexed and extended the foot while the muscle was electrically stimulated during plantar flexion. Four hours postinjury, maximum

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Bickel, C. Scott, Jill M. Slade, Gordon L. Warren, and Gary A. Dudley. "Fatigability and Variable-Frequency Train Stimulation of Human Skeletal Muscles." Physical Therapy 83, no. 4 (2003): 366–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ptj/83.4.366.

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Abstract Background and Purpose. The quadriceps femoris (QF) and tibialis anterior (TA) muscles are often activated through the use of electrical stimulation by physical therapists. These 2 muscles are fundamentally different in regard to their fiber-type composition. Whether protocols developed using a given muscle can be applied to another muscle has seldom been questioned, even if they differ in fiber type. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that torque augmentation during variable-frequency train (VFT) stimulation as compared with constant-frequency train (CFT) stimulatio

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Suriyut, Janyaruk, Satoru Muro, Phichaya Baramee, Masayo Harada, and Keiichi Akita. "Various significant connections of the male pelvic floor muscles with special reference to the anal and urethral sphincter muscles." Anatomical Science International 95, no. 3 (2019): 305–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12565-019-00521-2.

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AbstractThe male pelvic floor is a complex structure formed by several muscles. The levator ani muscle and the perineal muscles are important components of the pelvic floor. The perineal muscles comprise the external anal sphincter, bulbospongiosus, superficial transverse perineal muscles, and ischiocavernosus. Although the connections of the muscles of the pelvic floor have been reported recently, the anatomical details of each muscle remain unclear. In this study, we examined the male pelvic floor to clarify the connection between the muscles related to function. Fifteen male pelvises were u

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Megeney, L. A., P. D. Neufer, G. L. Dohm, et al. "Effects of muscle activity and fiber composition on glucose transport and GLUT-4." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 264, no. 4 (1993): E583—E593. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.1993.264.4.e583.

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We examined glucose uptake and GLUT-4 in rat muscles [soleus (Sol), plantaris (PL), extensor digitorum longus (EDL), tibialis anterior, and the red and white gastrocnemius (WG)]. In the normally innervated perfused rat hindlimb muscles the proportion of oxidative fibers was highly correlated with the muscle's insulin-stimulated 3-O-methyl-D-glucose (3-MG) uptake (R2 = 0.78) and GLUT-4 content (r = 0.94). Insulin-stimulated 3-MG uptake and GLUT-4 were also highly correlated (R2 = 0.996). In 3-day denervated muscles, insulin-stimulated 3-MG uptake was reduced in all six muscles (-41 to -14.6%, P

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Fice, Jason B., Gunter P. Siegmund, and Jean-Sébastien Blouin. "Neck muscle biomechanics and neural control." Journal of Neurophysiology 120, no. 1 (2018): 361–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00512.2017.

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The mechanics, morphometry, and geometry of our joints, segments, and muscles are fundamental biomechanical properties intrinsic to human neural control. The goal of our study was to investigate whether the biomechanical actions of individual neck muscles predict their neural control. Specifically, we compared the moment direction and variability produced by electrical stimulation of a neck muscle (biomechanics) to the preferred activation direction and variability (neural control). Subjects sat upright with their head fixed to a six-axis load cell and their torso restrained. Indwelling wire e

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Bonen, A., M. G. Clark, and E. J. Henriksen. "Experimental approaches in muscle metabolism: hindlimb perfusion and isolated muscle incubations." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 266, no. 1 (1994): E1—E16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.1994.266.1.e1.

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The perfusion of rat hindlimb muscles and the isolated in vitro muscle preparation are usually the preferred methods for investigating muscle metabolism. In light of recent concerns about the incubated muscle preparation, we have examined the problems, the advantages, and the viability of these two experimental techniques, with focus on glucose metabolism. A major advantage of the hindlimb perfusion system is that it maintains its metabolic viability very well, and perfusions in resting muscles can be achieved successfully with cell-free media. However, variations in the perfused rat hindlimb

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Frueh, Bartley R., Paul Gregorevic, David A. Williams, and Gordon S. Lynch. "Specific Force of the Rat Extraocular Muscles, Levator and Superior Rectus, Measured In Situ." Journal of Neurophysiology 85, no. 3 (2001): 1027–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.2001.85.3.1027.

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Extraocular muscles are characterized by their faster rates of contraction and their higher resistance to fatigue relative to limb skeletal muscles. Another often reported characteristic of extraocular muscles is that they generate lower specific forces ( sP o, force per muscle cross-sectional area, kN/m2) than limb skeletal muscles. To investigate this perplexing issue, the isometric contractile properties of the levator palpebrae superioris (levator) and superior rectus muscles of the rat were examined in situ with nerve and blood supply intact. The extraocular muscles were attached to a for

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Full, R. J., D. R. Stokes, A. N. Ahn, and R. K. Josephson. "Energy absorption during running by leg muscles in a cockroach." Journal of Experimental Biology 201, no. 7 (1998): 997–1012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.201.7.997.

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Biologists have traditionally focused on a muscle's ability to generate power. By determining muscle length, strain and activation pattern in the cockroach Blaberus discoidalis, we discovered leg extensor muscles that operate as active dampers that only absorb energy during running. Data from running animals were compared with measurements of force and power production of isolated muscles studied over a range of stimulus conditions and muscle length changes.We studied the trochanter-femoral extensor muscles 137 and 179, homologous leg muscles of the mesothoracic and metathoracic legs, respecti

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Velten, Brandy P., and Kenneth C. Welch. "Myosin heavy-chain isoforms in the flight and leg muscles of hummingbirds and zebra finches." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 306, no. 11 (2014): R845—R851. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00041.2014.

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Myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoform complement is intimately related to a muscle's contractile properties, yet relatively little is known about avian MHC isoforms or how they may vary with fiber type and/or the contractile properties of a muscle. The rapid shortening of muscles necessary to power flight at the high wingbeat frequencies of ruby-throated hummingbirds and zebra finches (25–60 Hz), along with the varied morphology and use of the hummingbird hindlimb, provides a unique opportunity to understand how contractile and morphological properties of avian muscle may be reflected in MHC expres

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Oleksy, Łukasz, Anna Mika, Martyna Sopa, et al. "Evaluation of Lateral and Medial Parts of the Hamstring Muscle Fatigue Symmetry in Professional Footballers Cleared to Play After ACL Reconstruction." Journal of Clinical Medicine 13, no. 21 (2024): 6521. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm13216521.

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Objectives: Rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is a severe injury common in sports. It also has a high rate of re-injury. The aim of this work was to assess hamstring muscle fatigue in active football players after ACL reconstruction who were cleared to play and to determine symmetry between the lateral and medial hamstring muscles. Methods: In professional football players post ACL reconstruction (n = 25) and non-injured players (n = 26), the bioelectrical activity of the medial (biceps femoris—BF) and lateral (semimembranosus and semitendinosus—SEM) hamstring muscles was measure

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Dakin, Christopher J., John Timothy Inglis, Romeo Chua, and Jean-Sébastien Blouin. "Muscle-specific modulation of vestibular reflexes with increased locomotor velocity and cadence." Journal of Neurophysiology 110, no. 1 (2013): 86–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00843.2012.

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Vestibular information is one of the many sensory signals used to stabilize the body during locomotion. When locomotor velocity increases, the influence of these signals appears to wane. It is unclear whether vestibular signals are globally attenuated with velocity or are influenced by factors such as whether a muscle is contributing to balance control. Here we investigate how vestibular sensory signals influence muscles of the leg during locomotion and what causes their attenuation with increasing locomotor velocity. We hypothesized that 1) vestibular signals influence the activity of all mus

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Sink, H., and P. M. Whitington. "Early ablation of target muscles modulates the arborisation pattern of an identified embryonic Drosophila motor axon." Development 113, no. 2 (1991): 701–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.113.2.701.

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The Drosophila RP3 motor axon establishes a stereotypic arborisation along the adjoining edges of muscles 6 and 7 by the end of embryogenesis. The present study has examined the role of the target muscles in determining this axonal arborisation pattern. Target muscles were surgically ablated prior to the arrival of the RP3 axon. Following further development of the embryo in culture medium, the morphology of target-deprived RP3 motor axons was assayed by intracellular injection with the dye Lucifer Yellow. Axonal arborisations were formed on a variety of non-target muscles when muscles 6 and 7

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Gillis, G. B. "Neuromuscular control of anguilliform locomotion: patterns of red and white muscle activity during swimming in the american eel anguilla rostrata." Journal of Experimental Biology 201, no. 23 (1998): 3245–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.201.23.3245.

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Two areas that have received substantial attention in investigations of muscle activity during fish swimming are (1) patterns of fiber type recruitment with swimming speed and (2) the timing of muscle activation in relation to muscle strain. Currently, very little is known about either of these areas in eels, which represent an extreme body form among fishes and utilize a mode of locomotion found at one end of the undulatory spectrum(anguilliform locomotion). To assess how this swimming mode and body form influence the neuromuscular control of swimming, I recorded electromyographic data from r

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Dolan, Martine, Michael Patetta, Sonia Pradhan, et al. "Muscle Fiber Contribution to Rotator Cuff Moment Arms During Abduction for Intact Rotator Cuff, Complete Supraspinatus Tear, Superior Capsular Reconstruction, and Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty. (225)." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 9, no. 10_suppl5 (2021): 2325967121S0033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967121s00333.

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Objectives: The Rotator Cuff (RC) is formed from the subscapularis, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and teres minor muscles and their tendinous extensions. The 4 RC tendons insert on the humeral head such that they contribute to the dynamic stability of the glenohumeral joint along with their rotational actions on the shoulder. The moment arm can be used to demonstrate the work effort potential that a specific muscle is contributing to a musculoskeletal joint rotation. The objective of this study was to break out RC muscles into multiple fibers, providing more clarity as to how individual fibers

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Vernooij, Carlijn A., Raymond F. Reynolds, and Martin Lakie. "Physiological tremor reveals how thixotropy adapts skeletal muscle for posture and movement." Royal Society Open Science 3, no. 5 (2016): 160065. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.160065.

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People and animals can move freely, but they must also be able to stay still. How do skeletal muscles economically produce both movement and posture? Humans are well known to have motor units with relatively homogeneous mechanical properties. Thixotropic muscle properties can provide a solution by providing a temporary stiffening of all skeletal muscles in postural conditions. This stiffening is alleviated almost instantly when muscles start to move. In this paper, we probe this behaviour. We monitor both the neural input to a muscle, measured here as extensor muscle electromyography (EMG), an

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Czerwinski, S. M., T. G. Kurowski, T. M. O'Neill, and R. C. Hickson. "Initiating regular exercise protects against muscle atrophy from glucocorticoids." Journal of Applied Physiology 63, no. 4 (1987): 1504–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1987.63.4.1504.

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This study was undertaken to examine whether exercise can prevent glucocorticoid-induced muscle atrophy in previously untrained individuals and to evaluate whether the time of hormone administration is a determinant in the muscle's response to glucocorticoids. Female rats were divided into five groups: 1) a sedentary group that received cortisol acetate (CA, 100 mg/kg body wt); 2) a sedentary group that received the dosing vehicle (1% aqueous carboxymethyl cellulose); 3) an exercise group that received CA immediately after each exercise session; 4) an exercise group that received CA 90 min aft

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Potekhina, Yu P., Е. М. Timanin, and А. Е. Kantinov. "Viscoelastic properties of tissues and changes in them after osteopathic correction." Russian Osteopathic Journal, no. 1-2 (August 8, 2018): 38–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.32885/2220-0975-2018-1-2-38-45.

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Introduction. Objective measurement of the muscle tone, especially on speciﬁ c areas, represents a serious clinical issue. The most objective and well-known method for studying muscular function is electromyography. A non-invasive assessment of muscle tone and rigidity is possible by using Myoton digital palpation device. However, these methods have a range of disadvantages, which disable them to be widely used for dynamic evaluation of muscles’ viscoelastic properties during treatment, including after osteopathic correction.Goal of research - to evaluate the viscoelastic properties of tissues

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Semariasih, Ni Komang Dewi, Ni Luh Nopi Andayani, and I. Made Muliarta. "THE CORELATION BETWEEN GRIP MUSCLES’ STRENTGH AND A LEVEL OF FUNCTIONAL ABILITY AMONG THE ELDERLY WOMEN IN TISTA KERAMBITAN, TABANAN." Majalah Ilmiah Fisioterapi Indonesia 7, no. 2 (2019): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/mifi.2019.v07.i02.p11.

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The aging process affects the skeletal muscle structure and disability of the musculoskeletal system which resulted in limited and slowed motion. One characteristic of the aging process is a decrease in muscle strength. Muscle strength affects almost all daily activity. Decreased muscle strength can lead to limitations in daily activities, independence and quality of life. This study aims to determine the relationship between handgrip muscles’ strength and level of functional ability among elderly women in Tista, Kerambitan Tabanan. To assess the strength of the relationship and assess the dir

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Sulbarán, Guidenn, Lorenzo Alamo, Antonio Pinto, et al. "An invertebrate smooth muscle with striated muscle myosin filaments." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 42 (2015): E5660—E5668. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1513439112.

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Muscle tissues are classically divided into two major types, depending on the presence or absence of striations. In striated muscles, the actin filaments are anchored at Z-lines and the myosin and actin filaments are in register, whereas in smooth muscles, the actin filaments are attached to dense bodies and the myosin and actin filaments are out of register. The structure of the filaments in smooth muscles is also different from that in striated muscles. Here we have studied the structure of myosin filaments from the smooth muscles of the human parasite Schistosoma mansoni. We find, surprisin

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Vignaud, A., C. Hourde, F. Medja, O. Agbulut, G. Butler-Browne, and A. Ferry. "Impaired Skeletal Muscle Repair after Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Mice." Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology 2010 (2010): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/724914.

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Ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury can induce skeletal muscle fibre death and subsequent regeneration. By 14 days, absolute and specific maximal forces and fatigue resistance in ischemic/reperfused soleus muscles were still reduced (−89%, −81%, and −75%, resp.) as compared to control muscles (P<.05). The decrease of these parameters in ischemic/reperfused muscle was much greater than that of myotoxic injured muscles (−12%, −11%, and −19%;P<.05). In addition, at 14 days ischemic/reperfused muscle structure was still abnormal, showing small muscle fibres expressing neonatal myosin heavy chai

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Porter, J. D., J. A. Rafael, R. J. Ragusa, J. K. Brueckner, J. I. Trickett, and K. E. Davies. "The sparing of extraocular muscle in dystrophinopathy is lost in mice lacking utrophin and dystrophin." Journal of Cell Science 111, no. 13 (1998): 1801–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.111.13.1801.

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The extraocular muscles are one of few skeletal muscles that are structurally and functionally intact in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Little is known about the mechanisms responsible for differential sparing or targeting of muscle groups in neuromuscular disease. One hypothesis is that constitutive or adaptive properties of the unique extraocular muscle phenotype may underlie their protection in dystrophinopathy. We assessed the status of extraocular muscles in the mdx mouse model of muscular dystrophy. Mice showed mild pathology in accessory extraocular muscles, but no signs of pathology were

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Oas, Sandy T., Anton L. Bryantsev, and Richard M. Cripps. "Arrest is a regulator of fiber-specific alternative splicing in the indirect flight muscles of Drosophila." Journal of Cell Biology 206, no. 7 (2014): 895–908. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201405058.

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Drosophila melanogaster flight muscles are distinct from other skeletal muscles, such as jump muscles, and express several uniquely spliced muscle-associated transcripts. We sought to identify factors mediating splicing differences between the flight and jump muscle fiber types. We found that the ribonucleic acid–binding protein Arrest (Aret) is expressed in flight muscles: in founder cells, Aret accumulates in a novel intranuclear compartment that we termed the Bruno body, and after the onset of muscle differentiation, Aret disperses in the nucleus. Down-regulation of the aret gene led to ult

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Donovan, C. M., and J. A. Faulkner. "Plasticity of skeletal muscle: regenerating fibers adapt more rapidly than surviving fibers." Journal of Applied Physiology 62, no. 6 (1987): 2507–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1987.62.6.2507.

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The properties of mammalian skeletal muscle demonstrate a high degree of structural and functional plasticity as evidenced by their adaptability to an atypical site after cross-transplantation and to atypical innervation after cross-innervation. We tested the hypothesis that, regardless of fiber type, skeletal muscles composed of regenerating fibers adapt more readily than muscles composed of surviving fibers when placed in an atypical site with atypical innervation. Fast muscles of rats were autografted into the site of slow muscles or vice versa with the donor muscle innervated by the motor

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Zieliński, Grzegorz, Anna Matysik-Woźniak, Anna Pankowska, Radosław Pietura, Robert Rejdak, and Kamil Jonak. "High Myopia and Thickness of Extraocular and Masticatory Muscles—7T MRI, Preliminary Study." Journal of Clinical Medicine 12, no. 12 (2023): 4166. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm12124166.

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(1) Background: Myopia is one of the most common refractive errors in the world. The aim of this study was to evaluate the transverse dimensions of selected masticatory muscles (temporalis muscle and masseter muscle) versus the transverse dimensions of selected extraocular muscles (superior rectus, inferior rectus, medial rectus and lateral rectus) in emmetropic and high myopic subjects. (2) Methods: Twenty-seven individuals were included in the analysis, resulting in 24 eyeballs of patients with high myopia and 30 eyeballs of emmetropic subjects. A 7 Tesla resonance was used to analyze the de

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Brookham, Rebecca L., Linda McLean, and Clark R. Dickerson. "Construct Validity of Muscle Force Tests of the Rotator Cuff Muscles: An Electromyographic Investigation." Physical Therapy 90, no. 4 (2010): 572–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2522/ptj.20090024.

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Background Manual muscle tests (MMTs) are used in clinical settings to evaluate the function and strength (force-generating capacity) of a specific muscle in a position at which the muscle is believed to be most isolated from other synergists and antagonists. Despite frequent use of MMTs, few electromyographic evaluations exist to confirm the ability of MMTs to isolate rotator cuff muscles. Objective This study examined rotator cuff isolation during 29 shoulder muscle force tests (9 clinical and 20 generic tests). Design An experimental design was used in this study. Participants and Measureme

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Sun, Yunfeng, Caterina Fede, Xiaoxiao Zhao, Alessandra Del Felice, Carmelo Pirri, and Carla Stecco. "Quantity and Distribution of Muscle Spindles in Animal and Human Muscles." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 13 (2024): 7320. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms25137320.

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Muscle spindles have unique anatomical characteristics that can be directly affected by the surrounding tissues under physiological and pathological conditions. Understanding their spatial distribution and density in different muscles is imperative to unravel the complexity of motor function. In the present study, the distribution and number/density of muscle spindles in human and animal muscles were reviewed. We identified 56 articles focusing on muscle spindle distribution; 13 articles focused on human muscles and 43 focused on animal muscles. The results demonstrate that spindles are locate

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van Eijden, T. M. G. J., and S. J. J. Turkawski. "Morphology and Physiology of Masticatory Muscle Motor Units." Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine 12, no. 1 (2001): 76–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10454411010120010601.

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Motor unit territories in masticatory muscles appear to be smaller than territories in limb muscles, and this would suggest a more localized organization of motor control in masticatory muscles. Motor unit cross-sectional areas show a wide range of values, which explains the large variability of motor unit force output. The proportion of motor unit muscle fibers containing more than one myosin heavy-chain (MHC) isoform is considerably larger in masticatory muscles than in limb and trunk muscles. This explains the continuous range of contraction speeds found in masticatory muscle motor units. H

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Fernandes, J., and K. VijayRaghavan. "The development of indirect flight muscle innervation in Drosophila melanogaster." Development 118, no. 1 (1993): 215–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.118.1.215.

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We have examined the development of innervation to the indirect flight muscles of Drosophila. During metamorphosis, the larval intersegmental nerve of the mesothorax is remodelled to innervate the dorsal longitudinal muscles and two of the dorsoventral muscles. Another modified larval nerve innervates the remaining dorsoventral muscle. The dorsal longitudinal muscles develop using modified larval muscles as templates while dorsoventral muscles develop without the use of such templates. The development of innervation to the two groups of indirect flight muscles differs in spatial and temporal p

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Yahya, Imadeldin, Dorit Hockman, Beate Brand-Saberi, and Gabriela Morosan-Puopolo. "New Insights into the Diversity of Branchiomeric Muscle Development: Genetic Programs and Differentiation." Biology 11, no. 8 (2022): 1245. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology11081245.

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Branchiomeric skeletal muscles are a subset of head muscles originating from skeletal muscle progenitor cells in the mesodermal core of pharyngeal arches. These muscles are involved in facial expression, mastication, and function of the larynx and pharynx. Branchiomeric muscles have been the focus of many studies over the years due to their distinct developmental programs and common origin with the heart muscle. A prerequisite for investigating these muscles’ properties and therapeutic potential is understanding their genetic program and differentiation. In contrast to our understanding of how

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Locke, Marius, and Stephanie A. Salerno. "Ovariectomy alters lengthening contraction induced heat shock protein expression." Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 45, no. 5 (2020): 530–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2019-0212.

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Estrogen appears to play a role in minimizing skeletal muscle damage as well as regulating the expression of the protective heat shock proteins (HSPs). To clarify the relationship between estrogen, muscle HSP content, and muscle damage, tibialis anterior (TA) muscles from ovary-intact (OVI; n = 12) and ovariectomized (OVX; 3 weeks, n = 12) female Sprague–Dawley rats were subjected to either 20 or 40 lengthening contractions (LCs). Twenty-four hours after stimulation, TA muscles were removed, processed, and assessed for HSP25 and HSP72 content as well as muscle (damage) morphology. No differenc

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Baltusnikas, Juozas, Audrius Kilikevicius, Tomas Venckunas, Andrej Fokin, Arimantas Lionikas, and Aivaras Ratkevicius. "Regenerated soleus muscle shows reduced creatine kinase efflux after contractile activity in vitro." Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 40, no. 2 (2015): 129–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2014-0274.

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Regenerated skeletal muscles show less muscle damage after strenuous muscle exercise. The aim of the studies was to investigate if the regeneration is associated with reduced muscle creatine kinase (CK) efflux immediately after the exercise. Cryolesion was applied to the soleus muscle of 3-month-old C57BL/6J male mice. Then total CK efflux was assessed in vitro in the regenerated muscles without exercise or after 100 eccentric contractions. The same measurements were performed in the control muscles, which were not exposed to cryolesion. Regenerated muscles generated weaker (P < 0.05) twitc

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Wilmink, Ronnie J. H., and T. Richard Nichols. "Distribution of Heterogenic Reflexes Among the Quadriceps and Triceps Surae Muscles of the Cat Hind Limb." Journal of Neurophysiology 90, no. 4 (2003): 2310–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00833.2002.

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Neural signals from proprioceptors in muscles provide length and force-related linkages among muscles of the limbs. The functions of this network of heterogenic reflexes remain unclear. New data are reported here on the distribution and magnitudes of neural feedback among quadriceps and triceps surae muscles in the decerebrate cat. The purpose of this paper was to distinguish whether inhibitory-force feedback is directed against muscles by virtue of the motor-unit composition or articulation of the muscle. These studies were carried out using controlled stretches and measurements of the result

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Bondarenko, Stanislav, Dmytro Sereda, and Olena Karpinska. "THE STUDY OF THE WORK OF THE MUSCLES RESPONSIBLE FOR THE FUNCTIONALITY OF THE HIP JOINT AFTER TOTAL HIP ARTHROPLASTY USING DIFFERENT SURGICAL APPROACHES." ORTHOPAEDICS TRAUMATOLOGY and PROSTHETICS, no. 2 (July 9, 2024): 24–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.15674/0030-59872024224-32.

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Muscles that can be damaged during endoprosthesis are indicated. Objective. To study the features of muscle work to ensure walking function after hip arthroplasty depending on the surgical approach. Methods. The basis of the simulation is the basic OpenSim Gate2392 model. Six models were created that predicted the condition of the muscles of the lower limb in normal conditions, during coxarthrosis and after 6 and 12 months. after surgery with lateral and anterior approaches. The results. For lateral access in 6 months. after the operation, the adductor muscles responsible for stabilizing the p

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Abuwarda, Khaled, and Abdel-Rahman Akl. "Changes in Electromyographic Activity of the Dominant Arm Muscles during Forehand Stroke Phases in Wheelchair Tennis." Sensors 23, no. 20 (2023): 8623. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23208623.

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The aim of this study was to determine the muscle activations of the dominant arm during the forehand stroke of wheelchair tennis. Five players participated in the present study (age: 32.6 ± 9.9 years; body mass: 63.8 ± 3.12 kg; height: 164.4 ± 1.7 cm). The electrical muscle activity of six dominant arm muscles was recorded using an sEMG system. A significant effect of the muscle’s activity was observed, and it was shown that the muscle activation was significantly higher in the execution phase compared to the preparation phase in the anterior deltoid and biceps brachii (34.98 ± 10.23% and 29.

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Melnyk, O. O., та M. V. Melnyk. "Біоморфологічні особливості м’язів, діючих на плечовий суглоб, деяких представників ряду горобцеподібних – Ordо Passeriformes". Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 19, № 77 (2017): 55–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/nvlvet7713.

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Biomorphological features of muscles that act on the shoulder joint of some representatives of orderPasseriformes are represented in the article. As shoulder joint of birds has many axes, not only the muscles of the shoulder joint provide the movements in it, but some of the muscles of the shoulder girdle and elbow joint. It should be noted that the main flight muscles of birds are the shoulder girdle muscles, including the chest (m. pectoralis) and supra-coracoid muscles. Some muscles of an elbow joint, including m. coracoradialis and m. scapuli triceps, are equally important. However, the am

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