To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Musculoskeletal diseases/etiology.
Journal articles on the topic 'Musculoskeletal diseases/etiology'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 49 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Musculoskeletal diseases/etiology.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Masyagutova, Lyaylya Marselyevna, Elena Rafilovna Abdrakhmanova, Venera Talgatovna Akhmetshina, Elvira Fanisovna Gabdulvaleeva, Lilia Galievna Gizatullina, Svetlana Anifovna Gallyamova, Dinara Maratovna Vagapova, and Adelina Ruslanovna Gabdulvaleeva. "Features of diseases of the musculoskeletal and peripheral nervous systems in workers of metallurgical production in modern conditions." Sanitarnyj vrač (Sanitary Doctor), no. 11 (November 1, 2021): 48–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/med-08-2111-04.
Full textAbstract:
Manufacturing industries, including metallurgy, are the backbone of the country’s economy. A number of technological operations involve the impact of physical overload, heating microclimate, static load, and often entails the development of diseases of the musculoskeletal and peripheral nervous systems. The clinical picture of such patients is dominated by pain in various parts of the spinal column, in some cases, combined localization. The analysis of the results of the examination of the connection of diseases of the musculoskeletal and peripheral nervous systems with the profession, carried out by employees of a large metallurgical enterprise of the Republic of Bashkortostan (RB), using the archival material of the FBUN clinic «Ufa Research Institute of Occupational Medicine and Human Ecology» was carried out. The group of the main professions of the enterprise includes: wire drawing machine, wire rewinder, caliper, pyrometrist, laboratory assistant for physical and mechanical tests, automatic machine for cold landing machines, mechanic-repairman, sorter-delivery of metal. During the analyzed period, in 117 cases, the workers of the enterprise confirmed the professional etiology of the disease. The nosological structure in 60 % of cases of the first established occupational diseases is represented by diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue. A significant part of diseases of occupational etiology was detected in persons aged 50 to 59 years. Workers of the studied professional groups are at the highest risk of developing diseases of the musculoskeletal and peripheral nervous systems of professional etiology, which is due to the specific conditions of their professional activity. Establishing a connection between the disease and the profession is characterized by late detection, at the stage of pronounced clinical symptoms with the formation of persistent disability.
2
Alder, Kareme D., Anthony P. Fiegen, Matthew M. Rode, Don Bambino Geno Tai, Gina A. Suh, Abinash Virk, and Nicholas Pulos. "Chronic Q fever presenting as bilateral extensor tenosynovitis: a case report and review of the literature." Journal of Bone and Joint Infection 8, no. 1 (January 16, 2023): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/jbji-8-39-2023.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. Musculoskeletal manifestations of Coxiella burnetii are rare. We describe an elderly, immunosuppressed male with bilateral Coxiella burnetii extensor tenosynovitis treated with incision and debridement and chronic doxycycline and hydroxychloroquine. Additionally, disease etiology, risk factors, pertinent features of the history, testing modalities, and treatment strategies of musculoskeletal Q fever are reviewed.
3
Yoon, Kyung Lim. "Etiology and treatment of chest pain in children and adolescents." Journal of the Korean Medical Association 63, no. 7 (July 10, 2020): 382–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5124/jkma.2020.63.7.382.
Full textAbstract:
Chest pain is a very common symptom in pediatric patients. Although children with chest pain are relatively unlikely to be suffering from significant cardiac diseases, it is important not to overlook life-threatening diseases. Complete history taking and physical examination––which involves identifying the duration of pain, onset, character, associated symptoms, and aggravating factors––are extremely important. The most common causes of pediatric chest pain are idiopathic and musculoskeletal, while less than 3% of cases are of cardiac origin. Recent studies indicate that chest pain resulted from psychosomatic disorders increases in non-cardiac chest pain in children and adolescents. The reassurance of the benign nature of chest pain is enough in most cases of non-cardiac chest pain in children and adolescents. When echocardiography is performed on patients with exertional chest pain, it is important to confirm the origin of coronary artery to exclude any coronary anomaly. Exertional chest pain, combined syncope, and symptoms of myocardial ischemia should raise the suspicion of significant cardiac diseases. When the chest pain is accompanied by red flag signs, physicians must refer the patients to a pediatric cardiologist.
4
Titovich, Elena V., and Ekaterina A. Andrianova. "A case of combination of two autoimmune diseases: type 1 diabetes mellitus and systemic scleroderma in a 13-year-old girl." Problems of Endocrinology 64, no. 4 (October 6, 2018): 231–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.14341/probl8600.
Full textAbstract:
Systemic scleroderma is an autoimmune disease of the connective tissue of unknown etiology. It is characterized by skin induration, lesions in the musculoskeletal system and the internal organs, and the Raynaud syndrome. An important component in pathogenesis of systemic scleroderma is disturbance of microcirculation involving endothelial proliferation and destruction, wall thickening and narrowing of the microvessel lumen, vasospasm, hemocyte aggregation, stasis, deformation and reduction of the capillary network (obliterating microangiopathy). Two main forms of the disease are distinguished: the diffuse and localized ones. The systemic nature of the diffuse form of systemic scleroderma is most obvious in the skin, but the digestive tract, respiratory organs, kidneys and the cardiovascular, endocrine, musculoskeletal and genitourinary systems are also affected. The incidence rate of systemic scleroderma is 6.3—12 cases per million population. Single case reports on scleroderma combined with other autoimmune diseases, including type 1 diabetes mellitus, in children and adolescents are available in literature. A rare case of a combination of two autoimmune diseases, type 1 diabetes mellitus and systemic scleroderma, in a 13-year-old girl is reported in this paper.
5
Hofmann, Sigrun R., Angela Roesen-Wolff, Gabriele Hahn, and Christian M. Hedrich. "Update: Cytokine Dysregulation in Chronic Nonbacterial Osteomyelitis (CNO)." International Journal of Rheumatology 2012 (2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/310206.
Full textAbstract:
Chronic nonbacterial osteomyelitis (CNO) with its most severe form chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis (CRMO) is a non-bacterial osteitis of yet unknown origin. Secondary to the absence of both high-titer autoantibodies and autoreactive T lymphocytes, and the association with other autoimmune diseases, it was recently reclassified as an autoinflammatory disorder of the musculoskeletal system. Since its etiology is largely unknown, the diagnosis is based on clinical criteria, and treatment is empiric and not always successful. In this paper, we summarize recent advances in the understanding of possible etiopathogenetic mechanisms in CNO.
6
Bhave, Neha, Dinesh Gupta, and Prashant Kashyap. "Hemophagocytic syndrome, a rare variant of Still’s disease." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 5, no. 10 (September 28, 2017): 4649. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20174615.
Full textAbstract:
Adult onset still’s disease is a rare systemic inflammatory disorder of unknown etiology that is responsible for a significant number of cases of fever of unknown origin (FUO) and musculoskeletal diseases. The diagnosis in adult onset still’s disease is mainly clinical and requires exclusion of other infections. Laboratory tests are nonspecific and treatment mainly comprises of corticosteroids, NSAIDS, immunosuppressive drugs, iv gamma globulin, anti-tumour necrosis factor, anti-interleukin. AOSD (adult onset stills disease) is a diagnostic challenge. Discovery of new serological tests and a specific diagnostic criterion may help the clinician in faster diagnosis and better management of the disease.
7
Covantev, Serghei, Natalia Mazuruc, Rasul Uzdenov, and Alexandru Corlateanu. "Spontaneous Pneumomediastinum – a Rare Asthma Complication." Folia Medica 61, no. 3 (September 30, 2019): 472–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/folmed.61.e39419.
Full textAbstract:
Asthma is the most common chronic respiratory disease worldwide and its prevalence is increasing. Acute asthma complications are often the reason for admission to emergency healthcare service. In our article we present a case of a rare asthma complication – spontaneous pneumomediastinum with a short review of its incidence, etiology, diagnosis and management. Spontaneus pneumothorax is important to differentiate with secondary pneumomediastinum as well as other conditions as cardiac diseases (acute coronary syndrome, pericarditis, cardiac tamponade, pneumopericardium), lung diseases (pneumothorax, pulmonary embolism, tracheobronchial tree rupture), musculoskeletal disorders, and diseases of the esophagus (rupture and perforation o the esophagus). A chest X-ray is often reliable for diagnosis of spontaneous pneumomediastinum and when inconclusive, can be followed by CT. The management is usually conservative with oxygen and analgesia. Surgery is required only in cases of tracheobronchial compression.
8
Carrión, Mar, Klaus W. Frommer, Selene Pérez-García, Ulf Müller-Ladner, Rosa P. Gomariz, and Elena Neumann. "The Adipokine Network in Rheumatic Joint Diseases." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 17 (August 22, 2019): 4091. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20174091.
Full textAbstract:
Rheumatic diseases encompass a diverse group of chronic disorders that commonly affect musculoskeletal structures. Osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are the two most common, leading to considerable functional limitations and irreversible disability when patients are unsuccessfully treated. Although the specific causes of many rheumatic conditions remain unknown, it is generally accepted that immune mechanisms and/or uncontrolled inflammatory responses are involved in their etiology and symptomatology. In this regard, the bidirectional communication between neuroendocrine and immune system has been demonstrated to provide a homeostatic network that is involved in several pathological conditions. Adipokines represent a wide variety of bioactive, immune and inflammatory mediators mainly released by adipocytes that act as signal molecules in the neuroendocrine-immune interactions. Adipokines can also be synthesized by synoviocytes, osteoclasts, osteoblasts, chondrocytes and inflammatory cells in the joint microenvironment, showing potent modulatory properties on different effector cells in OA and RA pathogenesis. Effects of adiponectin, leptin, resistin and visfatin on local and systemic inflammation are broadly described. However, more recently, other adipokines, such as progranulin, chemerin, lipocalin-2, vaspin, omentin-1 and nesfatin, have been recognized to display immunomodulatory actions in rheumatic diseases. This review highlights the latest relevant findings on the role of the adipokine network in the pathophysiology of OA and RA.
9
Syurin, Sergey Alekseevich. "Aposterior assessment of occupational pathology risks in copper-nickel miners." Sanitarnyj vrač (Sanitary Doctor), no. 6 (June 1, 2021): 46–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/med-08-2106-05.
Full textAbstract:
Occupational morbidity indicators in the mining industry rank first among all types of economic activity in Russia. The aim of the study was to assess the risks of occupational pathology a posteriori in miners carrying out underground mining of copper-nickel ore in the Kola Arctic. We studied the data of periodic medical examinations and social and hygienic monitoring «Working conditions and occupational morbidity of the population of the Murmansk region.» In 2007, according to the results of medical examinations, 5,007 chronic diseases were identified in 2,042 miners, of which the most common were diseases of the musculoskeletal system (27.7 %) and eye (16.9 %). In 2008–2018, 166 (8.1 %) miners were first diagnosed with 303 occupational diseases, mainly due to increased labor severity (51.5 %) caused by imperfect technological processes (77.6 %). The highest risk of developing occupational diseases was noted among the operators of drilling and tunneling rigs, which significantly exceeded the rates among miners of all other specialties. During labor activity, diseases of the musculoskeletal system most often acquired occupational etiology (41.7 % of all cases). In the structure of nosological forms of occupational diseases, the first places were occupied by vibration disease (21.1 %), radiculopathy (18.5 %) and sensorineural hearing loss (17.5 %). The largest number of cases of occupational diseases per year per 10,000 workers was observed among drillers (540.5 cases) and crushers (441.6 cases), and the smallest — among locksmiths (18.5 cases) and engineering and technical workers (15.5 cases). At present, the modernization of ore mining processes and personal protective equipment, as well as the system of medical measures, do not provide solutions to the problems of preserving the health of the copper-nickel miners of the Kola Polar region.
10
Yamshikov, Oleg N., Natalia V. Yemelyanova, Natalia I. Boltneva, Nelli I. Drobysheva, and Alla V. Skvortsova. "Diagnostic radiology techniques of osteochondropathies." Tambov Medical Journal, no. 2 (2022): 5–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/2782-5019-2022-4-2-5-13.
Full textAbstract:
Osteochondropathies are degenerative and dystrophic diseases affecting various parts of the spongy bones. They are one of the most common diseases of the musculoskeletal system in children and adolescents, leading to disability in the absence of early diagnosis and timely treatment. Despite the fact that the etiology is currently insufficiently studied, there are many modern methods of diagnosing this pathology. Diagnostic radiology techniques are successfully used in modern medicine, but have both advantages and disadvantages. We review literature on radiology techniques for osteochondropathies diagnostic, such as radiography, ultrasound diagnostics, magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography and some others. We analyze the results of the study of various researchers in this field and make the relevant conclusions. According to most researchers, the examination of patients with suspected osteochondropathy should begin with ultrasound examination. Osteodensitometry, perfusion magnetic resonance imaging, and pneumoarthrography can be used as auxiliary research methods in case of difficulties in making a diagnosis.
11
Ponomarenko, Gennady N., Andrey A. Koltsov, and Ivan S. Maltsev. "General issues of spinal muscular atrophy (scientific review). Etiology, clinical features, approaches in rehabilitation and orthopedic treatment." Russian Journal of Physiotherapy, Balneology and Rehabilitation 20, no. 4 (July 4, 2022): 341–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/rjpbr83799.
Full textAbstract:
Spinal muscular atrophy is a significant medical and social problem and is one of the most common causes of child mortality caused by inherited neuromuscular diseases. The scientific review focuses on etiology, clinical features, as well as approaches in the rehabilitation and orthopedic treatment of patients with spinal muscular atrophy.
AIM: analysis of world literature on aspects of etiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, approaches in rehabilitation and orthopedic treatment of patients with spinal muscular atrophy.
Search for literary sources in open electronic databases PubMed and eLIBRARY for the entire period available in these databases.
Spinal muscular atrophy is a heterogeneous group of hereditary diseases occurring with damage to the motor neurons of the anterior horns of the spinal cord. With predominant clinical signs in the form of muscle weakness, mainly in the lower extremities. Rehabilitation and orthopedic treatment should be carried out with a focus on the musculoskeletal system and related functional disorders
Analysis of various literary sources shows a rapid increase in the number of publications on spinal muscular atrophy, but a large layer of aspects remains that require clarification and more detailed study. A more detailed study of etiological factors, pathogenesis and clinical features of spinal muscular atrophy will allow a more extensive look at the problems of this disease in order to better understand the possible methods of diagnosis and treatment of patients with this pathology.
12
Tozay, Sam, William A. Fischer, David A. Wohl, Kayla Kilpatrick, Fei Zou, Edwina Reeves, Korto Pewu, et al. "Long-term Complications of Ebola Virus Disease: Prevalence and Predictors of Major Symptoms and the Role of Inflammation." Clinical Infectious Diseases 71, no. 7 (November 6, 2019): 1749–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciz1062.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Background Cohort studies have reported a high prevalence of musculoskeletal, neurologic, auditory, and visual complications among Ebola virus disease (EVD) survivors. However, little is known about the host- and disease-related predictors of these symptoms and their etiological mechanisms. Methods The presence and patterns of 8 cardinal symptoms that are most commonly reported following EVD survival were assessed in the 326 EVD survivors who participated in the ongoing longitudinal Liberian EVD Survivor Study. At quarterly study visits, symptoms that developed since acute EVD were recorded and blood was collected for biomarkers of inflammation and immune activation. Results At baseline (mean 408 days from acute EVD), 75.5% of survivors reported at least 1 new cardinal symptom since surviving EVD, which in 85.8% was rated as highly interfering with life. Two or more incident symptoms were reported by 61.0% of survivors, with pairings of joint pain, headache, or fatigue the most frequent. Women were significantly more likely than men to report headache, while older age was significantly associated with musculoskeletal and visual symptoms. In analyses adjusted for multiple comparisons, no statistically significant association was found between any symptom and 26 markers of inflammation and immune activation. Symptom frequency remained largely unchanged during study follow-up. Conclusions Post-EVD complications occur in a majority of survivors and remain present more than 4 years after acute infection. An association between markers of inflammation and immune activation and individual symptoms was not found, suggesting an alternative etiology for persistent post-EVD symptomatology.
13
Jataru, Ana-Maria, and Gavril Gheorghievici. "Physiotherapy role in diseases of the temporomandibular joint." Romanian Journal of Rhinology 12, no. 48 (October 21, 2022): 176–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rjr-2022-0026.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract BACKGROUND. Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders represent a group of musculoskeletal and neuromuscular disorders, which can involve both the temporomandibular joint complex and the muscle and bone components in the immediate vicinity. The etiology is multifactorial and includes biological, environmental, social, emotional and cognitive triggers. Thus, there is no treatment of choice for this pathology. Physiotherapy is beginning to occupy an important place within the adjuvant therapies used in TMJ dysfunctions. OBJECTIVE. The current study aimed to evaluate the degree of awareness of TMJ dysfunction and, implicitly, the need for treatment, the level of knowledge of the role of physiotherapy in this regard, as well as the interdisciplinary collaboration between dentist and physical medicine rehabilitation doctor in terms of TMJ pathology. MATERIAL AND METHODS. We carried out a prospective study, based on a questionnaire made in the Google Forms platform. The questionnaire consisted of 26 questions in which socio-economic elements were addressed, as well as medical elements of symptomatology, diagnosis and dental and physiotherapy medical history. RESULTS. Analysing the results, we identified that among the people presenting at least one symptom associated with TMJ disorders, only 32.6% went to the dentist, while 47.9%, did not present themselves because they did not consider the symptoms to be taken into account. Only one respondent (1.6%) was recommended physiotherapy as a treatment option for TMJ disorder by the dentist. The other 61 people (98.4%) denied receiving this recommendation. CONSLUSION. The study confirms the minimum degree of awareness of TMJ dysfunction and implicitly of the need for treatment among the general population. Also, the level of knowledge about the diagnosis and treatment of temporomandibular joint dysfunctions among dentists is insufficient.
14
Chen, Qiaocong, Huiling Lou, and Cheng Peng. "Recent advances in the genetic association between osteoporotic fracture and sarcopenia." Aging Pathobiology and Therapeutics 3, no. 1 (March 29, 2021): 02–09. http://dx.doi.org/10.31491/apt.2021.03.049.
Full textAbstract:
The risk of osteoporotic fracture can be viewed as a function of loading conditions and the ability of the bone to withstand the load. Skeletal loads are dominated by muscle action. Recently, it has become clear that bone and muscle share genetic determinants. Involvement of the musculoskeletal system manifests as bone loss (osteoporosis) and muscle wasting (sarcopenia). There is clinical evidence that osteoporotic fractures are significantly associated with sarcopenia, and sarcopenia may be a potential predictive factor for fracture risk, which suggests that there may be shared genetic determinants between sarcopenia and osteoporotic fracture. In recent years, genome-wide association studies (GWASs) studies have found that both lean mass and hand grip strength are associated with fracture risk, which may provide a possible endophenotype for elucidating the potential genetic study of fracture risk. Our effort to understand the clinical and genetic correlations between osteoporotic fracture and sarcopenia is helpful to understand the interaction between muscle and bone, and to study the etiology of complex musculoskeletal diseases. Identifying potentially important genetic variations in bone and muscle, measuring these variations using state-of-the-art technology, and replicating these experiments in humans and large animals will provide potential drug or intervention targets for osteoporotic fracture valuable in the future. Keywords: Genetics, osteoporosis, fracture, sarcopenia, genome-wide association studies, single nucleotide polymorphism
15
Iaremenko, O. B., and D. I. Koliadenko. "HIV-ASSOCIATED ARTHRITIS. Review and clinical cases." Medical Science of Ukraine (MSU) 18, no. 1 (March 30, 2022): 73–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.32345/2664-4738.1.2022.10.
Full textAbstract:
Relevance. HIV infection is characterized by a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations, including musculoskeletal symptoms, which can occur at any stage of the disease.
Objective: to analyze own clinical cases with rheumatologic manifestations of HIV infection in context of literature data on the spectrum of musculoskeletal manifestations of HIV infection, approaches to diagnosis and treatment.
Methods. Presentation of own clinical cases and review of scientific publications in the international electronic scientometric database PubMed using keywords «HIV infection», «arthritis», «musculoskeletal manifestations» over the period 2000-2021 years.
Results. The prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms in HIV-infected individuals ranges from 10 to 45%. Articular manifestations of HIV infection can be divided into 3 main groups: 1) related to HIV (arthralgias, painful articular syndrome, HIV-associated arthritis, septic arthritis); 2) inflammatory arthritis (rheumatoid arthritis, reactive arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, undifferentiated spondyloarthritis); 3) associated with antiretroviral therapy (aseptic necrosis, osteoporosis, osteomalacia, immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome, gout). For treatment of articular manifestations analgesics, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (drug of choice - indomethacin), intraarticular or oral glucocorticoids, disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (drug of choice - hydroxychloroquine) may be used. Conditions for initiation of therapy with disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs: a controlled steady course of HIV with antiretroviral therapy performed, the number of CD4+ cells >200/ml, undetectable viral load. Our clinical cases confirm that indications for HIV testing in rheumatologic patients are reactive arthritis of unknown etiology, atypical lupus, persistent leukopenia, unreasonable weight loss, lack of an adequate response to traditional therapy of rheumatological diseases.
Conclusions. Articular syndrome in HIV-infected individuals may be a separate manifestation of HIV infection and result of antiretroviral therapy. Treatment of articular manifestations in HIV-infected individuals primarily involves the treatment of HIV infection, and it depends on its clinical stage, use of antiretroviral therapy, the severity of articular syndrome and involvement of other organs. Our clinical observations demonstrate the possibility of articular manifestations at various stages of HIV infection: before diagnosis, during prolonged stable antiretroviral therapy, as well as after a change in antiretroviral therapy.
16
Minocha, Vinay, and Fauzia Rana. "Lupus Nephritis in a Patient with Sickle Cell Disease." Case Reports in Hematology 2013 (2013): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/907950.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction. The diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) can be difficult to establish because the musculoskeletal, central nervous system, and renal manifestations are similar in both diseases. In the presented case, we highlight the diagnostic challenge that can evolve in patients with a concurrence of both diseases and we establish the importance of early recognition and treatment of lupus nephritis in patients with SCD.Case Presentation. We present a case of a 31-year-old African American female with sickle-C disease (hemoglobin SC) who was admitted to our hospital with complaints of periumbilical abdominal pain associated with intractable nausea and vomiting, abdominal distension, and worsening lower extremity edema. Urine studies revealed nephrotic range proteinuria and the immunological investigations were consistent with lupus. A renal biopsy revealed focal proliferative lupus nephritis.Conclusion. It is important to consider the presence of a coexisting autoimmune disease in a patient with sickle hemoglobinopathy who displays an atypical and multisystem presentation that is unresponsive to conventional therapies. When a significant kidney disease is present, a renal biopsy is critical in identifying the etiology of a renal abnormality in the setting of coexisting SLE and SCD.
17
Zheng, Tenghao, David Ellinghaus, Simonas Juzenas, François Cossais, Greta Burmeister, Gabriele Mayr, Isabella Friis Jørgensen, et al. "Genome-wide analysis of 944 133 individuals provides insights into the etiology of haemorrhoidal disease." Gut 70, no. 8 (April 22, 2021): 1538–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2020-323868.
Full textAbstract:
ObjectiveHaemorrhoidal disease (HEM) affects a large and silently suffering fraction of the population but its aetiology, including suspected genetic predisposition, is poorly understood. We report the first genome-wide association study (GWAS) meta-analysis to identify genetic risk factors for HEM to date.DesignWe conducted a GWAS meta-analysis of 218 920 patients with HEM and 725 213 controls of European ancestry. Using GWAS summary statistics, we performed multiple genetic correlation analyses between HEM and other traits as well as calculated HEM polygenic risk scores (PRS) and evaluated their translational potential in independent datasets. Using functional annotation of GWAS results, we identified HEM candidate genes, which differential expression and coexpression in HEM tissues were evaluated employing RNA-seq analyses. The localisation of expressed proteins at selected loci was investigated by immunohistochemistry.ResultsWe demonstrate modest heritability and genetic correlation of HEM with several other diseases from the GI, neuroaffective and cardiovascular domains. HEM PRS validated in 180 435 individuals from independent datasets allowed the identification of those at risk and correlated with younger age of onset and recurrent surgery. We identified 102 independent HEM risk loci harbouring genes whose expression is enriched in blood vessels and GI tissues, and in pathways associated with smooth muscles, epithelial and endothelial development and morphogenesis. Network transcriptomic analyses highlighted HEM gene coexpression modules that are relevant to the development and integrity of the musculoskeletal and epidermal systems, and the organisation of the extracellular matrix.ConclusionHEM has a genetic component that predisposes to smooth muscle, epithelial and connective tissue dysfunction.
18
Korotenko, O. Yu, N. I. Panev, Yu S. Korchagina, R. N. Panev, and I. P. Danilov. "Formation of pathology of internal organs in miners with vibration disease." Russian Journal of Occupational Health and Industrial Ecology, no. 6 (July 10, 2020): 399–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.31089/1026-9428-2020-60-6-399-403.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction. Adverse working conditions can contribute to the development of not only occupational pathology, but also diseases with complex multifactorial etiology, such as hypertension, coronary heart disease, disorders of the musculoskeletal system, chronic non-specifi c respiratory diseases, as well as the formation of combined pathology, which worsens the course of these diseases and leads to the development of complications.The aim of the study is to study the manifestations of somatic pathology in coal industry workers with vibration disease.Materials and methods. We examined 144 coal mine workers with vibration disease caused by local vibration, and 161 control group miners who have been working in contact with local vibration for a long time (15 years or more) and do not have professional pathology.It was found that employees of coal mines with vibration disease more often (70,8%) than workers of the control group (27,3%) (p<0,001), there is a pathology of internal organs: diseases of the cardiovascular system (mainly arterial hypertension), diseases of the digestive system (functional disorders of the biliary tract and non-alcoholic fatt y liver disease), kidney diseases (mainly chronic pyelonephritis), as well as a combination of these diseases. With a more severe course of vibration disease (II degree), pathology of internal organs is more common (81.2%) than in patients with vibration disease of I degree (46.5%) (p<0.001). Conclusions. In miners with vibration disease, more oft en than in the control group, there is a pathology of internal organs: the cardiovascular system, digestive organs, kidneys, as well as a combination of several somatic diseases. In individuals with grade II vibration disease, internal organ pathology is more common than in patients with grade I vibration disease. Th e results obtained should be considered when developing treatment and rehabilitation measures for medical examinations and conducting preventive medical examinations of coal industry workers.
19
Lopalco, Giuseppe, Donato Rigante, Vincenzo Venerito, Claudia Fabiani, Rossella Franceschini, Michele Barone, Giovanni Lapadula, et al. "Update on the Medical Management of Gastrointestinal Behçet’s Disease." Mediators of Inflammation 2017 (2017): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/1460491.
Full textAbstract:
Behçet’s disease (BD) is a multisystemic disorder of unknown etiology mainly defined by recurrent oral aphthosis, genital ulcers, and chronic relapsing bilateral uveitis, all of which represent the “stigmata” of disease. However, many other organs including the vascular, neurological, musculoskeletal, and gastrointestinal systems can be affected. The gastrointestinal involvement in Behçet’s disease (GIBD), along with the neurological and vascular ones, represents the most feared clinical manifestation of BD and shares many symptoms with inflammatory bowel diseases, such as Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. Consequently, the differential diagnosis is often a daunting task, albeit the presence of typical endoscopic and pathologic findings may be a valuable aid to the exact diagnosis. To date, there are no standardized medical treatments for GIBD; therefore therapy should be tailored to the single patient and based on the severity of the clinical features and their complications. This work provides a digest of all current experience and evidence about pharmacological agents suggested by the medical literature as having a potential role for managing the dreadful features of GIBD.
20
ONU, Ilie, Daniel-Andrei IORDAN, Corneliu Mircea CODREANU, MATEI Daniela, and GALACTION Anca-Irina. "Anti-inflammatory effects of exercise training. A systematic review." Balneo and PRM Research Journal, Vol.12, no.4 (December 14, 2021): 418–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.12680/balneo.2021.473.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction: The diseases number with a known inflammatory etiology is constantly increasing. Cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, osteoporosis, cancer, asthma, atherosclerosis, type 2 diabetes and obesity are associated with chronic low-grade inflammation. There is evidence that individuals who engage in intense physical activity or who exercise regularly, shows changes in biomarkers associated with chronic inflammation. Physical exercise is useful in preventing many diseases, due to improved cardiorespiratory, metabolic, musculoskeletal function. All these improve the immunity and antioxidant capacity, thus reducing the incidence of acute and chronic inflammatory diseases. Materials and Methods: In this study were included 90 bibliographic sources, of which the title contains the following keywords: exercise - 23, inflammation - 27, anti-inflammatory - 6, IL-6 - 13, IL-10 - 4, myokine - 3, IL-15 - 3, irisin - 6, obesity - 11, chronic inflammation - 7. This study discussed aspects of exercise, pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, immunological mechanisms, the dual role of IL-6 cytokine, and the anti-inflammatory effects of physical exercise. Results: Physical exercise is an efficient clinical tool, that limits chronic inflammation activating the immune system that will increase the level of anti-inflammatory IL-6 myokine. There is a direct relationship between the volume and intensity of exercise and the amount of IL-6 myokine in the blood stream. Conclusions: These studies contribute significantly to the understanding of the mechanisms of the anti-inflammatory effect of exercise. More studies on chronic low-grade inflammatory diseases are needed to understand their pathophysiology, and that will inspire the specialists improve long-term treatment strategies. Keywords: physical exercise, chronic low-grade inflammation, anti-inflammatory, IL-6, myokine,
21
Obeidat, Khaled, and O. D. Karpinska. "Osteoarthritis of the knee joint. Etiology, treatment, rehabilitation (analytical review of the literature)." TRAUMA 22, no. 3 (July 19, 2021): 5–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.22141/1608-1706.3.22.2021.236317.
Full textAbstract:
According to epidemiological studies, osteoarthritis accounts for 10–12 % of all cases of musculoskeletal diseases. In the general structure of knee pathology, degenerative diseases make up 57.8 %. The urgency of the problems of gonarthrosis is due to not only its widespread prevalence, but also the high risk of developing knee dysfunction, accompanied by a significant reduction in the quality of life of patients and often leading to partial or permanent disability of patients. Gonarthrosis has significant gender features. Women account for about 70 % of the number of patients, while men had this disease almost 2 times less often, but other data indicate that the incidence of gonarthrosis in men under 60 years of age is higher, and in women it begins to increase after 65 years. Knee replacement is a leading method in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis stages III–IV. The tendency towards an increase in the total number of surgeries leads to an increase in the frequency of complications and unsatisfactory results: according to some authors, from 3.3 to 13.2 % of patients complain of knee replacement outcomes. Studies of long-term complaints after arthroplasty have shown that in addition to pain reduction, some patients had an increase in varus angle when bending the knee while walking but they didn’t mark an improvement in gait parameters compared to preoperative examination. After unilateral total knee arthroplasty, the load patterns of the frontal plane in the operated knee remain pathological in the long run. After knee arthroplasty, there is muscle weakness, and studies have shown changes in all muscles of the lower extremity. Weakening of some muscles led to compensatory strengthening of others. Studies of the effect of preoperative rehabilitation on the outcome of knee arthroplasty have shown its low efficiency. Many studies have studied motor activity of patients after total knee arthroplasty in recent years. Not only gait features, but also movements of the pelvis, trunk and upper extremities are studied. Modern methods of diagnosing spatial oscillations of the body when walking have shown that disorders of body movements — excessive hand movements, pelvic loosening, asymmetrical flexion of the knee joints, etc., after arthroplasty are preserved in patients and restore slowly, and some disorders remain forever. Conclusions. Knee arthroplasty relieves pain, improves quality of life, but according to many authors, patients complain of incomplete restoration of the functionality of the prosthetic limb. According to the researchers, the main cause for incomplete reco-very of gait parameters is the difference in the frontal angles of the knee joint flexion and the difference in the length of the steps. Special training exercises can reduce the asymmetry of the steps, but it is difficult to completely restore the symmetry of the steps within 2 years. Studies of the effect of preoperative rehabilitation on the outcome of knee arthroplasty have shown its low effectiveness.
22
Sahebari, Maryam, Zahra Rezaieyazdi, and Mandana Khodashahi. "Selenium and Autoimmune Diseases: A Review Article." Current Rheumatology Reviews 15, no. 2 (April 5, 2019): 123–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573397114666181016112342.
Full textAbstract:
Background:Selenium is an essential trace element with fundamental effects on human biology. Trace elements deficiency is not an uncommon finding in autoimmune diseases. This deficiency may be a consequence of autoimmune diseases or may contribute to their etiology. With regard to evidence showing the association between selenium deficiency and generation of reactive oxygen species and subsequent inflammation, reviewing the role of selenium in collagen vascular diseases could help researchers to devise strategies for managing these diseases.Objective:The present study aimed to evaluate the role of selenium and autoimmune rheumatic diseases.Data Sources:PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, and Google Scholar.Study Eligibility Criteria:All the studies on the use of selenium without any limitations in terms of the preparation method, administration route, or formulation process were included in the study. The exclusion criteria were: 1) Articles published in languages other than English, 2) Administration of chemical and hormonal drugs rather than selenium, 3) Investigation of the effects of selenium on the autoimmune problems in animal models, and 4) Insufficiency of the presented data or poor description of the applied methods. Furthermore, review articles, meta-analyses, expert opinions, editorial letters, case reports, consensus statements, and qualitative studies were excluded from the study.Data Extraction:In this systematic review, articles were evaluated through searching following keywords in combination with selenium: "autoimmune rheumatic diseases "or "scleroderma" or "systemic sclerosis" or "Behcet's disease" or "Sjögren syndrome" or "systemic lupus erythematosus" or "musculoskeletal diseases" or "rheumatoid arthritis" or "vasculitis" or "seronegative arthritis" or "antiphospholipid antibody syndrome".Results:Of 312 articles, 280 were excluded and 32 articles were entered in this study. Based on the majority of studies assessing selenium level in patients with collagen vascular diseases, lower selenium levels were observed in these patients. Moreover, the majority of articles showed an improvement in clinical symptoms of collagen vascular diseases compared to controls after the treatment of patients with different dosages of L-selenomethionine.Conclusion:A decrease in the serum level of selenium was noted in patients with autoimmune diseases, which may be a risk factor for inflammation and initiation of autoimmunity in these patients. A sufficient quantity of selenium has been shown to contribute to the management of complications of autoimmune diseases and even improved survival in patients with autoimmune diseases, which may be due to the anti-inflammatory effects of selenium. Since this issue is of clinical importance, it can be considered in potential nutrition interventions and have beneficial effects on some autoimmune diseases.
23
Diao, Hao, Hua Xin, and Zhongmin Jin. "Prediction of in vivo lower cervical spinal loading using musculoskeletal multi-body dynamics model during the head flexion/extension, lateral bending and axial rotation." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine 232, no. 11 (September 17, 2018): 1071–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954411918799630.
Full textAbstract:
Cervical spine diseases lead to a heavy economic burden to the individuals and societies. Moreover, frequent post-operative complications mean a higher risk of neck pain and revision. At present, controversy still exists for the etiology of spinal diseases and their associated complications. Knowledge of in vivo cervical spinal loading pattern is proposed to be the key to answer these questions. However, direct acquisition of in vivo cervical spinal loading remains challenging. In this study, a previously developed cervical spine musculoskeletal multi-body dynamics model was utilized for spinal loading prediction. The in vivo dynamic segmental contributions to head motion and the out-of-plane coupled motion were both taken into account. First, model validation and sensitivity analysis of different segmental contributions to head motion were performed. For model validation, the predicted intervertebral disk compressive forces were converted into the intradiskal pressures and compared with the published experimental measurements. Significant correlations were found between the predicted values and the experimental results. Thus, the reliability and capability of the cervical spine model was ensured. Meanwhile, the sensitivity analysis indicated that cervical spinal loading is sensitive to different segmental contributions to head motion. Second, the compressive, shear and facet joint forces at C3–C6 disk levels were predicted, during the head flexion/extension, lateral bending and axial rotation. Under the head flexion/extension movement, asymmetric loading patterns of the intervertebral disk were obtained. In comparison, symmetrical typed loading patterns were found for the head lateral bending and axial rotation movements. However, the shear forces were dramatically increased during the head excessive extension and lateral bending. Besides, a nonlinear correlation was seen between the facet joint force and the angular displacement. In conclusion, dynamic cervical spinal loading was both intervertebral disk angle-dependent and level-dependent. Cervical spine musculoskeletal multi-body dynamics model provides an attempt to comprehend the in vivo biomechanical surrounding of the human head-neck system.
24
Filatova, Zoya I., Maryna Yevtushok, Ivan M. Okhrimenko, Olha M. Pasko, Liudmyla M. Prudka, Tetyana V. Matiienko, and Iryna Yu Karpiuk. "Strengthening the Physical and Mental Health of Students During Swimming Classes." Acta Balneologica 64, no. 3 (2022): 240–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.36740/abal202203107.
Full textAbstract:
Aim: The aim is to investigate the impact of swimming training sessions on the dynamics of somatic and mental health indicators of students of special medical groups. Materials and Methods:The research involved 50 1st and 2nd year female students who had diseases of various etiology and were assigned to a special medical group. The students’ somatic health was examined according to the indicators of weight, lungs vital capacity, wrist dynamometry, heart rate, arterial blood pressure, Stange test and Genchi test. The mental health was assessed by method of “Well-being, activity and mood”. Results:The experiments conducted within the EG revealed an improvement in all studied indicators of both somatic and mental health. At the end of the research, the vital index, the Robinson index, the Stange and Genchi tests, the level of somatic health, well-being, and mood in the EG were significantly better than in the CG. Conclusions: Regular swimming training sessions help to improve the health of female students of special medical groups in general, strengthen their musculoskeletal, cardiovascular and respiratory systems as well as increase metabolism. In addition, swimming has a positive effect on the nervous system, relieves stress and improves the well-being of female students, increases their activity and mood.
25
Eves, Neil D., and Warren J. Davidson. "Evidence-based risk assessment and recommendations for physical activity clearance: respiratory disease1This paper is one of a selection of papers published in the Special Issue entitled Evidence-based risk assessment and recommendations for physical activity clearance, and has undergone the Journal’s usual peer-review process." Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 36, S1 (July 2011): S80—S100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/h11-057.
Full textAbstract:
The 2 most common respiratory diseases are chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma. Growing evidence supports the benefits of exercise for all patients with these diseases. Due to the etiology of COPD and the pathophysiology of asthma, there may be some additional risks of exercise for these patients, and hence accurate risk assessment and clearance is needed before patients start exercising. The purpose of this review was to evaluate the available literature regarding the risks of exercise for patients with respiratory disease and provide evidence-based recommendations to guide the screening process. A systematic review of 4 databases was performed. The literature was searched to identify adverse events specific to exercise. For COPD, 102 randomized controlled trials that involved an exercise intervention were included (n = 6938). No study directly assessed the risk of exercise, and only 15 commented on exercise-related adverse events. For asthma, 30 studies of mixed methodologies were included (n = 1278). One study directly assessed the risk of exercise, and 15 commented on exercise-related adverse events. No exercise-related fatalities were reported. The majority of adverse events in COPD patients were musculoskeletal or cardiovascular in nature. In asthma patients, exercise-induced bronchoconstriction and (or) asthma symptoms were the primary adverse events. There is no direct evidence regarding the risk of exercise for patients with COPD or asthma. However, based on the available literature, it would appear that with adequate screening and optimal medical therapy, the risk of exercise for these respiratory patients is low.
26
Xu, C., K. P. Leong, M. Y. Yong, and E. T. Koh. "AB0270 THE IMPACT OF DIABETES MELLITUS ON OUTCOMES OF RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS AT 5-YEAR FOLLOW-UP: RESULTS FROM A MULTI-ETHNIC ASIAN COHORT IN SINGAPORE." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 79, Suppl 1 (June 2020): 1433.2–1434. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.5203.
Full textAbstract:
Background:Both diabetes mellitus (DM) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are prevalent diseases and represent the leading causes of disability and mortality worldwide. Systemic chronic inflammation is recognized as the underlying etiology of a variety of diseases, including DM and RA [1]. Additionally, cardiovascular and musculoskeletal complications from DM may influence the outcomes of RA patients.Objectives:To investigate the impact of DM on outcomes of RA patients.Methods:This is a cross-sectional study including 583 RA patients with 5 years’ history after diagnosis in Tan Tock Seng Hospital RA registry, Singapore from 2001 to 2013. Information related to demographics, serologies, clinical features, comorbidities, and outcomes was collected. Independent t-test or Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare continuous quantitative data, while Pearson Chi-square or Fisher Exact test for categorical data. With adjustment for age, gender, ethnicity, smoking and comorbidities, multivariate regressions were performed to analyze the impact of DM on outcomes of RA patients.Results:DM is more prevalent in Malay and Indian patients than Chinese patients with RA (26%, 24% and 11% respectively,p= 0.005). There is no difference of disease activity between DM and non DM patients. There is a tendency that non diabetic RA patients use more methotrexate (p= 0.052) and leflunomide (p= 0.058). Diabetic RA patients are in higher risk of poor American College of Rheumatology (ACR) functional status (p= 0.009), knee arthroplasty (p< 0.001) and admissions (p= 0.006). Adjusted for age, gender, ethnicity, smoking and comorbidities, multivariate regression analyses showed a trend of poor function status for diabetic RA patients, i.e. ACR functional status (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.802, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.968 – 3.353,p= 0.063) and median Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) (β coefficient value: 0.129, 95% CI: -0.010 – 0.267,p= 0.068), and higher risk for knee arthroplasty for diabetic RA patients (aOR: 3.480, 95% CI: 1.016 – 11.920,p= 0.047).Conclusion:This is the first report on the impact of DM on RA outcomes in a long term follow-up RA registry in a multiethnic Asian society.References:[1]Furman, D., Campisi, J., Verdin, E.et al.Chronic inflammation in the etiology of disease across the life span.Nat Med25,1822–1832 (2019).Acknowledgments:TTSH Rheumatoid Arthritis Study GroupDisclosure of Interests:None declared
27
Biryukova, E. V., D. V. Kileynikov, and I. V. Solovyeva. "Hypothyroidism: current state of the problem." Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council, no. 7 (May 29, 2020): 96–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.21518/2079-701x-2020-7-96-107.
Full textAbstract:
The article presents the issues of epidemiology, classification, and clinic of hypothyroidism. The frequency of hypothyroidism increases significantly with age. The most common form is primary hypothyroidism, caused by a pathological process in the thyroid gland itself. Secondary hypothyroidism or tertiary hypothyroidism is caused by insufficient secretion of thyroid- stimulating hormone (TSH), or thyrotropin-releasing hormone. The article deals with the main causes of primary and secondary hypothyroidism. The most common cause of primary hypothyroidism is autoimmune thyroiditis, which can develop both separately and simultaneously with other autoimmune diseases, as part of polyglandular syndrome. Special attention should be paid to the change of thyroid status as a result of adverse side reactions when using a range of drugs. The questions about the mechanisms of thyroid insufficiency development as a result of unfavorable side reactions when using a number of drugs (lithium preparations, iodine-containing compounds, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, etc.) have been raised. Undiagnosed hypothyroidism is a risk factor for the progression of already existing cardiovascular diseases. The severity of clinical manifestations is determined by the severity of thyroid hormone deficiency. There are no significant clinical differences between the pronounced forms of primary and secondary hypothyroidism. Depending on the degree of lesion, secondary hypothyroidism may be complicated by other manifestations of hypothalamic-pituitary disorders, as well as the latter may include a decrease in the secretion of antidiuretic hormone at a certain stage of their development. Diagnostic difficulties are discussed, as hypothyroidism disrupts the functioning of most organs and systems of the body (musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, urinary, gastrointestinal, central and peripheral nervous systems) and can be masked by various diseases. The final diagnosis of hypothyroidism is clarified by a number of laboratory and instrumental studies. Substitution therapy with levothyroxine is used to treat hypothyroidism of any etiology.
28
Katsuura, Yoshihiro, and Han Jo Kim. "Butterfly Vertebrae: A Systematic Review of the Literature and Analysis." Global Spine Journal 9, no. 6 (September 18, 2018): 666–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2192568218801016.
Full textAbstract:
Study Design: Systematic review (Level 4) Objective: To summarize the demographics, clinical presentations, and conditions associated with butterfly vertebrae. Methods: A systematic search was performed of multiple databases. A total of 279 articles were identified for screening. Case series or case reports of butterfly vertebrae with adequate clinical detail were complied. Results: Eighty-two total articles (109 patients) were selected for final inclusion. Sixty-one percent of patients presented with a single butterfly vertebra, while 39% were multiple. The most common location for butterfly vertebrae was T1. Fifty-six percent of cases were associated with a syndrome, the most common being spondylocostal dysostosis. The presence of multiple butterfly vertebra was strongly associated with a syndrome or additional anomalies ( P < .001). Overall, the most common presenting complaint was low back pain. Seventy percent of patients had associated spinal disease. Other organ systems affected included musculoskeletal (43%), craniofacial (30%), neurologic (27%), cardiovascular (24%), genitourinary (23%), gastrointestinal (22%), laboratory abnormality (16%), and endocrine (9%). Conclusions: This study is the largest collection of butterfly vertebrae cases to date. Butterfly vertebrae are associated with spinal deformity and multiple butterfly vertebrae may indicate a syndromic illness. Low back pain or disc herniation may occur with lumbar butterfly vertebrae however the etiology of this phenomena has not been rigorously explained. Many diseases and syndromes are associated with butterfly vertebrae.
29
Castro-Sánchez, Adelaida María. "Effects of Dry Needling on Spinal Mobility and Trigger Points in Patients with Fibromyalgia Syndrome." Pain Physician 2, no. 20;2 (February 14, 2017): 37–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.36076/ppj/2017/52.
Full textAbstract:
Background: The etiology of fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is inconclusive, but central mechanisms are well accepted for this pain condition. Myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) is one of the most common musculoskeletal pain diseases and is characterized by myofascial trigger points (MTrPs). It has been suggest that MTrPs have an important factor in the genesis of FMS. Objective: The purpose of the current randomized clinical trial was to compare the effectiveness of dry needling versus cross tape on spinal mobility and MTrPs in spinal muscles in patients with FMS. Study Design: A single-blind randomized controlled trial was conducted on patients with FMS. Setting: Clinical setting. Methods: Sixty-four patients with FMS were randomly assigned to an experimental group receiving dry needling therapy or to a control group for cross tape therapy in the MTrPs in the latissimus dorsi, iliocostalis, multifidus, and quadratus lumbourum muscles. Spinal mobility measures and MTrPs algometry were recorded at baseline and after 5 weeks of treatment. Results: The repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) demonstrated that significant differences between groups were achieved for the MTrPs in latissimus dorsi muscle (right axillary portion: F = 9.80, P = 0.003); multifidus muscle (right L2 level: F = 11.80, P = 0.001); quadratus lumborum (right lateral superficial upper: F = 6.67, P = 0.012; and right lateral superficial lower: F = 5.38, P = 0.024). In addition, the ANOVA repeated measures test showed significant differences between groups for the segmental amplitude thoracic spine in the standing erect position (F = 7.33, P = 0.009), and segmental amplitude of lumbar spine (F = 11.60, P = 0.001) in the sitting erect position. Limitations: The outcomes were not collected from a long-term follow-up period. Dry needling therapy or cross tape were used alone when in reality physical therapists usually treat patients with FMS using a multi-modal approach. A non-treatment control group was not included. Conclusions: This study has demonstrated that dry needling therapy reduces myofacial trigger points algometry on thoracic and lumbar muscles. Dry needling and cross tape approaches reported a similar effect size for spinal mobility measures in patients with FMS. Key words: Fibromyalgia, trigger points, physical therapy modalities, musculoskeletal equilibrium, myofascial pain syndromes
30
Wormser, Gary P., and Ira Schwartz. "Antibiotic Treatment of Animals Infected with Borrelia burgdorferi." Clinical Microbiology Reviews 22, no. 3 (July 2009): 387–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cmr.00004-09.
Full textAbstract:
SUMMARY Despite resolution of the objective manifestations of Lyme disease after antibiotic treatment, a minority of patients have fatigue, musculoskeletal pain, and/or difficulties with concentration or short-term memory of uncertain etiology; these are called post-Lyme disease symptoms or, in more severe cases, post-Lyme disease syndrome or “chronic Lyme disease.” Several recent studies in which Borrelia burgdorferi-infected animals were treated with antibiotic therapy have demonstrated the presence of PCR positivity for B. burgdorferi DNA in the absence of culture positivity. In mice that were treated with antibiotic therapy, residual spirochetes could be taken up by ticks during a blood meal and could be transmitted to SCID mice. These spirochetes are attenuated; their presence is not associated with either inflammation or disease. In this review the methodology and findings of these studies are critically analyzed, and the significance of the results with regard to human Lyme disease is evaluated, with special emphasis on whether these studies provide useful insights into post-Lyme disease syndrome. A serious methodological concern is the failure to consider the pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic properties of the antibiotic in choosing the dosage regimen used. We conclude that there is no scientific evidence to support the hypothesis that such spirochetes, should they exist in humans, are the cause of post-Lyme disease syndrome.
31
Beljashova, Marija A., Shamil’ A. Gitinov, and Dmitry Yu Ovsyannikov. "Respiratory manifestations of Down syndrome." Pediatrician (St. Petersburg) 7, no. 2 (June 15, 2016): 164–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/ped72164-169.
Full textAbstract:
Down syndrome - the most common human congenital disease, the most common chromosomal abnormality (trisomy of chromosome 21). In addition to the phenotypic features of multiple anomalies on the part of the cardiovascular, central nervous and immune systems, gastrointestinal, musculoskeletal system, is very common in patients with Down syndrome are diseases of the respiratory tract. The article presents current data from the literature on the causes of recurrent respiratory infections, obstruction of the upper and lower respiratory tract infections, obstructive sleep apnea associated with phenotypic characteristics of children, predisposing to obstruction. The data on the consequences of such abnormalities of the respiratory tract as a tracheal bronchus. Detailed description of interstitial lung disease in Down syndrome that can develop as a primary pathological process or be the result of infectious lesions and aspiration. Computed tomography allows visualization of pulmonary disorders architectonic, perilobulyarnye shading, depletion of lung pattern at the level of segments and subpleural cysts, the diagnosis of which is of great importance due to the high risk of pneumothorax. We discuss the etiology of the structural changes in the lung, their relationship with pulmonary hypoplasia and congenital heart disease. It is emphasized that the assessment of biopsies morphologists in Down syndrome is complex, as there are multiple, overlapping lung damage. Powered by observation of the patient with Down syndrome and subpleural cysts in the lungs. Thus, patients with Down syndrome have a variety of respiratory symptoms, the possibility of these lesions should be considered in the management of patients.
32
Мамчур, В. И., and Д. С. Носивец. "Factors of Efficiency and Safety in the Clinical Use of the Prepared Drug Chondroitine Sulphate." Неврология и нейрохирургия. Восточная Европа, no. 1 (April 29, 2020): 150–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.34883/pi.2020.10.1.053.
Full textAbstract:
Актуальной проблемой современной медицины является группа дегенеративно-дистрофических заболеваний опорно-двигательного аппарата, среди которых остеоартроз занимает одно из главных мест. Остеоартроз является хроническим прогрессирующим заболеванием синовиальных суставов различной этиологии и характеризуется дегенерацией суставного хряща, структурными изменениями субхондральной кости и синовитом. На сегодняшний день для лечения остеоартроза применяются хондропротекторы различных классов и различных путей введения, которые, как правило, содержат хондроитин сульфат. Однако результаты клинического применения препаратов хондроитина сульфата достаточно противоречивы. В настоящее время в литературе можно встретить различные данные об эффективности и безопасности использования хондроитина сульфата при патологии опорно-двигательного аппарата, что свидетельствует о наличии нерешенных вопросов при исследовании этой проблемы. Авторами статьи определены факторы эффективности и безопасности при клиническом применении готовых лекарственных препаратов хондроитина сульфата и описаны рекомендации относительно выбора препарата. Авторами установлено, что назначение препаратов хондроитина сульфата целесообразно на I или II стадии дегенеративно-дистрофического процесса. Также необходимо обязательно использовать препарат хондроитина сульфата в адекватной терапевтической дозе и лекарственной форме, а выбор лекарственного препарата хондроитина сульфата должен основываться на информации фирмы-производителя с обязательным указанием источника получения исходного сырья и качества изготовления препарата согласно требованиям GMP. An actual problem of modern medicine is a group of degenerative-destructive diseases of the musculoskeletal system, among which osteoarthritis has one of the main places. Osteoarthritis is a chronic progressive disease of the synovial joints of various etiology and is characterized by degeneration of articular cartilage, structural changes in subchondral bone and synovitis. Today for treatment of osteoarthritis chondroprotectors of different classes and different routes of administration, which generally contain chondroitin sulfate, are used. However, the results of clinical application of drugs of chondroitin sulfate are rather contradictory. Currently, in the literature one can find various data about the effectiveness and safety of use of chondroitin sulfate in the pathology of musculoskeletal system, indicating the presence of unresolved issues in the study of this problem. The authors of the article determine the factors of efficacy and safety in clinical use of drugs of chondroitin sulfate and describe recommendations regarding drug selection. The authors found that the administration of drugs of chondroitin sulfate suitable for I or II stage of degenerative- destructive process. Also, be sure to use the drug of chondroitin sulfate in an adequate therapeutic dose and dosage form as the drug choice of chondroitin sulfate should be based on information of the manufacturer with the obligatory indication of the source of the original raw materials and quality of manufacture of the drug according to GMP requirements.
33
Pylypchuk, I. S. "Osteoporotic changes in bone and cartilaginous tissue in women with ovarian hypofunction." Reports of Vinnytsia National Medical University 25, no. 4 (November 30, 2021): 657–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.31393/reports-vnmedical-2021-25(4)-26.
Full textAbstract:
Annotation. Osteoporosis is the most common disease of the musculoskeletal system, which ranks 4th in the world as a cause of disability and mortality among non-communicable diseases. This is a polyetiological systemic disease of bone tissue, characterized by a decrease in bone mass and deterioration of bone structure and increased fragility. This problem has not only a medical aspect, but also important socio-economic significance in all countries of the world due to the high cost of treatment of such patients and high disability. The aim of the work is to study and analyze the scientific literature and give a generalized description of etiological factors, pathogenesis, primary and secondary methods of prevention of osteoporosis in women with ovarian hypofunction in the pre- and menopausal periods. An analysis of recent research and publications on the problem of osteoporosis and changes in the skeletal system. The main risk factors, etiology and pathogenesis of osteoporosis in the pre- and menopausal period of a woman's life are determined, the main methods of prevention of osteoporosis are described. The most common form of primary osteoporosis is postmenopausal osteoporosis, the trigger of which is hypogonadal states, estrogen deficiency, which causes a sharp acceleration of bone loss. I guarantee healthy bone tissue and prevention of osteopenia and osteoporosis are: accumulation of bone mass in the first 30 years, mechanical stress contributes to the restructuring and remodeling of bone tissue throughout life, timely and early compensation of hypogonadal conditions, improvement of blood flow, improvement of blood flow stability of mineral metabolism and hormonal background. Not all women with hypogonadal condition develop osteoporosis, so studying the use of methods to prevent osteopenia and strengthen bone tissue from a young age is the basis of quality life of modern women at any time in her life in the XXI century, so it needs further study.
34
Dos Santos Souza Magalhães, Dayane, Leticia Rosa Espírito Santo de Freitas, Maria Amélia Dos Santos Peres Santos Souza, Vander Fernandes, Walkiria Shimoya-Bittencourt, and Cristhiane Almeida Leite da Silva. "Artrite Reumatoide e a Poluição do Ar." UNICIÊNCIAS 24, no. 2 (February 23, 2021): 195–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.17921/1415-5141.2020v24n2p195-200.
Full textAbstract:
A artrite reumatoide é uma doença inflamatória, crônica, autoimune, sistêmica e progressiva com etiologia ainda desconhecida, que causa danos progressivos ao sistema musculoesquelético. Esta doença atinge aproximadamente 0,5% a 1% da população mundial, predomina no sexo feminino e acomete todas as faixas etárias com maior prevalência entre 40-60 anos. A atividade da doença é avaliada pelo Índice de Atividade da Doença (DAS28) analisando 28 articulações. Estudos demonstram que a poluição atmosférica está associada aos agravos à saúde humana e à perda de qualidade de vida. Este estudo teve como objetivo relatar o papel da poluição atmosférica na artrite reumatoide, através de uma revisão narrativa de literatura, a partir das bases de dados PubMed e Scielo. Incluíram-se artigos nos idiomas inglês e português publicados em periódicos, nacionais e internacionais, acerca da temática da pesquisa. A relação entre o desenvolvimento da AR e diferentes poluentes atmosféricos foi analisada em diversos estudos, que demostraram associação entre diferentes poluentes atmosféricos e o desenvolvimento da doença, no entanto, nenhum estudo publicado até a data atual, avaliou a relação com a exacerbação da atividade da doença.
Palavras-chave: Artrite Reumatoide. Poluição do Ar. Doenças Autoimunes.
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis is an inflammatory, chronic, autoimmune, systemic and progressive disease with a still unknown etiology that causes progressive damage to the musculoskeletal system. This disease affects approximately 0.5% to 1% of the world population, predominates in females and affects all age groups with a higher prevalence between 40-60 years. The disease activity is assessed by the Disease Activity Index (DAS28) analyzing 28 joints. Studies show that air pollution is associated with damage to human health and loss of quality of life. This study aimed to report the role of air pollution in rheumatoid arthritis, through a literature narrative review, using the PubMed and Scielo databases. Articles in English and Portuguese published in national and international journals about the research theme were included. The relationship between the RA development and different air pollutants has been analyzed in several studies, which showed an association between different air pollutants and the development of the disease, however, no study published to date has evaluated the relationship with the disease activity exacerbation.
Keywords: Rheumatoid Arthritis. Air Pollution. Autoimmune Diseases.
35
Basanets, A. V., and V. A. Gvozdetskyi. "Functional state of the peripheral nervous system in miners suffering from chronic lumbosacral radiculopathy of occupational origin." Medicni perspektivi 27, no. 4 (December 29, 2022): 150–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.26641/2307-0404.2022.4.271214.
Full textAbstract:
Exercise is a major factor in the development of occupational pathology of the connective tissue and musculoskeletal system, including chronic lumbosacral radiculopathy (LSRP), which accounts for 20% of occupational diseases in Ukraine. Some problems remain insufficiently studied despite a significant number of scientific works devoted to the study of issues of etiology, pathogenesis, features of clinical manifestations, the use of diagnostic and prophylactic measures in LSRP. The criteria for diagnosing changes in the peripheral nervous system need to be clarified and systematized by in-depth study of the functional state of the nervous apparatus in patients with LSRP of professional genesis. The research was carried out in a group of 60 miners of the main professions (coal-cutter, mining worker of a clearing pit (MWCP), drifter) suffering from LSRP. The activity of the neuromuscular apparatus was assessed according to the indices of electroneuromyography (ENMG), namely: the amplitude of the M-response during stimulation at the distal point of the right and left m. Abductor Hallucis, n. Plantar Medial, S1, S2 (mV), as well as indicators of terminal and residual latencies (ms), the speed of the impulse along the indicated nerves (m/s). It was found that the average amplitude of the M-response during stimulation at the distal point m. Abductor Hallucis, n. Plantar Medial in the MWCF group was at 6.37 mV (with a reference value of 4-5.8 mV), the average pulse conduction velocity was 38.46 m/s (with a reference value of 40.00 -50.00 m/s), it was found that most often in the group of coal-cutters (64.2%), a pathological indicator of terminal latency was recorded, while in a group of drifter, it did not go beyond the normal range in one of the surveyed miners suffering from LSRP of occupational genesis. Thus, ENMG of the long nerves of the lower extremities is a useful tool of objectifying the diagnosis of LSRP of ocupational genesis, it allows to determine the degree of impairment of the functional activity of peripheral nerves, neuromuscular synapses and the contractility of the striated muscles.
36
Mathias, K., A. Mantha, L. Mathias, and D. Arkfeld. "POS0012 EPIDEMIOLOGY OF FIBROMYALGIA HOSPITALIZATIONS IN THE UNITED STATES." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 80, Suppl 1 (May 19, 2021): 208.2–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.3416.
Full textAbstract:
Background:Fibromyalgia is a chronic pain syndrome that is associated with protean symptoms including musculoskeletal pain, psychiatric symptoms, cognitive dysfunction, memory difficulty, and sleep disturbance. Fibromyalgia can be a primary diagnosis, or it can be associated with other conditions. Fibromyalgia is often seen in conjunction with autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis. In 1990, the American College of Rheumatology released classification criteria for fibromyalgia that included symptoms of diffuse pain and physical exam findings of at least 11 of 18 defined tender points. In 2010, the ACR updated these criteria and eliminated the requirement of tender points. In 2011, these criteria were further modified to that they could be self-administered. A previous study used the national inpatient sample to examine hospitalization data for patients with fibromyalgia from 1999-2007. 1 No studies, however, have examined this data since the new ACR criteria were established in 2010.Objectives:We aim to characterize the epidemiology of hospitalized patients with diagnosis of fibromyalgia.Methods:Hospitalized patients with a diagnosis of fibromyalgia were identified in the 2016-2018 National Inpatient Sample (NIS) using the International Classification of Diseases 10 system (ICD-10). The NIS is an all-payer inpatient database that estimates over 37 million annual U.S. hospitalizations and is maintained by the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project. The primary outcomes were prevalence of fibromyalgia and comorbid rheumatologic conditions among hospitalized patients. Secondary outcomes included cause of admission, mortality, length of stay, and cost of care.Results:Of 1,351,234 patients with fibromyalgia identified, 437,145 were admitted in 2016 increasing to 461,820 in 2018. On average 59.1 years old, more likely female (1,262,735, 93.5%) and white (1,060,845, 81.3%). Patients were most likely to have Medicare (775,420, 57.5%) and were in the bottom quartile of income (402,945, 30.3%). The most common rheumatologic comorbidities were rheumatoid arthritis (142,195, 10.5%), lupus (69,980, 5.2%), and inflammatory bowel disease (38,165, 2.2%). Notably fibromyalgia was commonly associated with depression (500,420, 37.0%), obesity (379,324, 28.1%), hypothyroidism (334,585 24.7%), and congestive heart failure (213,790, 15.8%).The mortality rate was 13,605 (1.0%) patients, the average length of stay was (4.53 days), and the average cost of hospitalization ($12,522). The most common causes of admission were inflammatory syndromes and joint disorders (13.4%) of which OA (4.2%) was most common complaint, digestive complaints (12.1%) of which IBD (4.4%) was most common.Conclusion:The yearly number of fibromyalgia hospital discharges were greater than previously described. This may be a result of a more sensitive classification criteria. Further investigation into the etiology of this increase in fibromyalgia hospitalization diagnosis is warranted.References:[1]Haviland MG, Banta JE, Przekop P. Fibromyalgia: prevalence, course, and co-morbidities in hospitalized patients in the United States, 1999-2007. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2011 Nov-Dec;29(6 Suppl 69):S79-87. Epub 2012 Jan 3. PMID: 22243553.Disclosure of Interests:None declared.
37
Nakano, M., M. Ota, Y. Takeshima, Y. Iwasaki, H. Hatano, Y. Nagafuchi, K. Kim, et al. "OP0110 CELL-TYPE-SPECIFIC TRANSCRIPTOME ARCHITECTURE UNDERLYING THE ESTABLISHMENT AND EXACERBATION OF SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 81, Suppl 1 (May 23, 2022): 72.1–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2022-eular.1684.
Full textAbstract:
BackgroundSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune disease with unknown etiology involving multiple immune cells and has diverse clinical phenotypes. This heterogeneous nature has hampered a better understanding of SLE pathogenesis and the development of effective therapeutic agents. While recent single-cell RNA sequencing studies of SLE identified several important cell subpopulations, they were limited by sparse expression information at single-cell level and small sample sizes.ObjectivesThis study aimed to elucidate the dysregulated gene expression pattern linked to multiple clinical statuses of SLE with a fine cellular resolution and higher sensitivity. We also attempted to resolve a complex interaction between risk variants and the transcriptome dysregulation seen in SLE patients.MethodsWe conducted a large-scale bulk transcriptome study of 6,386 RNA-sequencing data including 27 purified immune cell types in peripheral blood from 136 SLE and 89 healthy donors in the Immune Cell Gene Expression Atlas from the University of Tokyo (ImmuNexUT) cohort1. At enrollment, SLE patients had diverse clinical manifestations (disease activity, organ involvement and treatment profiles) and 22 patients were re-evaluated after belimumab treatment.ResultsWe first profiled two distinct cell-type-specific transcriptomic signatures: disease-state and disease-activity signatures, reflecting disease establishment and exacerbation, respectively.After confirming the high replicability of both signatures in independent cohorts, we identified candidates of biological processes unique to each signature: e.g., upregulated E2F transcriptional activity in Th1, CD8+ memory T-lineage and NK cells, and dynamic increase of IL21 and CXCL13 in Th1 cells in an active phase of SLE. Pathway analysis highlighted the importance of immunometabolic process for SLE (e.g., oxidative phosphorylation) in cell-type-specific resolution.Moreover, we demonstrated cell-type-specific contributions to diverse organ involvement, e.g., Th1 for mucocutaneous, monocyte-lineage cells for musculoskeletal, neutrophil-lineage cells for renal activity, respectively.We also observed the strong associations of disease-activity signatures with treatment effect: (i) belimumab suppressed activity signatures from B-lineage cells, especially in good responders and (ii) mycophenolate mofetil substantially suppressed activity signatures from plasmablast, Th1, and central memory CD8 cells.However, through stratified LD score regression using large-scale SLE-GWASs, we revealed that disease-activity signatures were less enriched around SLE risk variants than disease-state signatures. Consistent with this result, the directions of SLE risk alleles’ expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) effects were significantly concordant with the directions of disease-state signatures, but not with those of activity signatures. These findings suggested that the current genetic case-control studies may not well capture clinically vital biology linked to drug target discovery for SLE. Meanwhile, we also detected some examples of activity signatures that might contribute to the disease risk by modulating risk allele’s eQTL effects.Figure 1.ConclusionWe identified comprehensive gene signatures reflecting the establishment and exacerbation of SLE, which provide essential foundations for future genomic, genetic, and clinical studies.References[1]Ota, M. et al. Dynamic landscape of immune cell-specific gene regulation in immune-mediated diseases. Cell 2021;184:3006-21.e17.AcknowledgementsThis study was supported by Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan; the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports; and the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED) (JP21tm0424221 and JP21zf0127004).Disclosure of InterestsMasahiro Nakano: None declared, Mineto Ota Grant/research support from: Mineto Ota belongs to the Social Cooperation Program, Department of functional genomics and immunological diseases, supported by Chugai Pharmaceutical., Yusuke Takeshima Grant/research support from: Yusuke Takeshima belonged to the Social Cooperation Program, Department of functional genomics and immunological diseases, supported by Chugai Pharmaceutical., Yukiko Iwasaki: None declared, Hiroaki Hatano: None declared, Yasuo Nagafuchi Grant/research support from: Yasuo Nagafuchi belongs to the Social Cooperation Program, Department of functional genomics and immunological diseases, supported by Chugai Pharmaceutical., Kwangwoo Kim: None declared, So-Young Bang: None declared, Hye Soon Lee: None declared, Hirofumi Shoda: None declared, Xuejun Zhang: None declared, Sang-Cheol Bae: None declared, Chikashi Terao: None declared, Kazuhiko Yamamoto: None declared, Tomohisa Okamura Grant/research support from: Tomohisa Okamura belongs to the Social Cooperation Program, Department of functional genomics and immunological diseases, supported by Chugai Pharmaceutical., Kazuyoshi Ishigaki: None declared, Keishi Fujio Speakers bureau: Keishi Fujio receives speaker fees from Chugai Pharmaceutical., Consultant of: Keishi Fujio receives consulting honoraria from Chugai Pharmaceutical., Grant/research support from: Keishi Fujio receives research support from Chugai Pharmaceutical.
38
Tarighat, Faezeh, Erfan Golshan, and Saeed Dastgiri. "Prevalence of Congenital Anomalies in the Northwest of Iran." Depiction of Health 12, no. 4 (November 22, 2021): 417–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/doh.2021.39.
Full textAbstract:
Background and Objectives Every year, about three hundred thousands of infant deaths occur because of congenital anomalies. Some continue to live with various types of disabilities. Low and middle income countries have higher rate of congenital anomalies. It is estimated more than 100,000 cases of birth defcets occure annualy in Iran where 70 percent are preventable. There is no long term investigation on the epidemiology and secular trend of congenital anomalies in Iran. The aim of this study was to document the time trend and epidemiological features of congenital anomalies in the northwest of Iran using the Tabriz Registry of Congenital Anomalies (TRoCA) programme. Material and Methods A total of 297,734 births were registered in the region by TRoCA registry during the study period to estimate the occurrence of total and selected groups of congenital anomalies based on the standard coding system of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD). Total prevalence was calculated by dividing the numerator (registered cases of congenital anomalies in the TRoCA region) by the relevant denominator (total live and stillbirths in the TRoCA region) for the same period of time. Results An overall prevalence rate of 262.9 (CI95%:257.2–268.7) was estimated in the region. Anomalies of genito-urinary tract (59.2 per 10 000 births, 95% CI: 56.5–62.0), limb defects (46.3 per 10 000 births, 95% CI: 43.9.5–48.8), nervous system anomalies (39.4 per 10 000 births, 95% CI: 37.2–41.7), gastrointestinal anomalies (27.8 per 10 000 births, 95% CI: 25.9–29.7) and congenital heart diseases (37.1 per 10 000 births, 95% CI: 34.9–39.3) were accounted for 80 percent of birth defects. Total prevalence of anomalies was more than tripled in the region over the past two decades. More cases were observed in males, and those with consanguineous marriage. Conclusion The increasing trend of the occurrence of congenital anomalies indicates that appropriate care programmes and more effective prenatal screening procedures need to be implemented in the region. Extended Abstract Background and Objectives Congenital anomalies, also called birth defects, are defined as structural or functional anomalies that may be identified before or at birth, or later in life. Every year, more than three hundred thousands of infant deaths occur because of congenital anomalies. Some continue to live with various types of disabilities. Low and middle income countries have higher rate of congenital anomalies. There is no long term investigation on the epidemiology and secular trend of congenital anomalies in Iran, and various prevalence rates of congenital anomalies have been reported for different parts of the country. The aim of this study was to document the time trend and epidemiological features of congenital anomalies in the northwest of Iran between 2000 and 2020, using the Tabriz Registry of Congenital Anomalies (TRoCA) programme. Material and Methods This study was carried out on the births registered by TRoCA in the region between 2000 and 2020 to estimate the occurrence of selected groups of congenital anomalies based on the standard coding system of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD). All infants born in three main hospitals involved in the programme are routinely examined for general health status, maturity and congenital anomalies by a clinical practitioner (gynaecologist, obstetrician, neonatologist or paediatrician) and then followed up until hospital discharge. "Passive" method for data collection was used. The registrar for data documentation were midwives. A medical coder coded the defects. Congenital anomalies for the purposes of this programme were defined based on the standard coding of ICD under one of the following main headings according to the primary diagnosis of anomaly: nervous system anomalies; genito-urinary tract, and kidney; anomalies of limb; chromosomal anomalies; cleft lip with/without palate; congenital heart disease; musculoskeletal and connective tissue anomalies; digestive system anomalies; eye and ear anomalies and other defects. Total prevalence was calculated by dividing the numerator (registered cases of congenital anomalies in the TRoCA region) by the relevant denominator (total live and stillbirths in the TRoCA region) for the same period of time. TRoCA activities have been approved by the Ethics Committee of the Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. Confidentiality and privacy are strictly considered in every part of the data gathering, processing, registration, access and reports. Results A total of 297,734 births were registered in the region by TRoCA registry during the study period to estimate the occurrence of selected groups of congenital anomalies based on the standard coding system of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD). Most of the infants born with birth defects were male (61.3 percent). The majority of infants were born live (89.6 percent). Although familial marriage was not reported in 60.4 percent of the families with an affected child, first cousin marriage was observed in 12.5 percent of the cases. Main type of delivery in infants born with congenital anomalies was caesarean section delivery which included 49.4 percent of births. An overall prevalence rate of congenital anomalies was estimated as 262.9 (CI95%:257.2–268.7). Anomalies of genito-urinary tract (59.2 per 10 000 births, 95% CI: 56.5–62.0), limb defects (46.3 per 10 000 births, 95% CI: 43.9.5–48.8), nervous system anomalies (39.4 per 10 000 births, 95% CI: 37.2–41.7), gastrointestinal anomalies (27.8 per 10 000 births, 95% CI: 25.9–29.7) and congenital heart diseases (37.1 per 10 000 births, 95% CI: 34.9–39.3) were accounted for 80 percent of birth defects. The lowest prevalence rates were reported for musculoskeletal and connective tissue, cleft lip with/without palate, chromosomal, eye and ear anomalies all of which collectively accounted for less than 20 per 10 000 births. Total prevalence of anomalies was more than tripled in the region over the past two decades. With the control of infectious diseases and malnutrition, congenital anomalies are now making a proportionally greater contribution to ill health in childhood in many countries. According to the findings if this study, the prevalence and occurrence pattern of birth defects in a long period of time may be useful in identifying clues to the etiology of birth defects. The results may prove useful in genetic consultation, and in planning and evaluating the strategies for primary prevention of congenital anomalies, particularly in high-risk populations. Practical Implications of Research As a small registry of congenital anomalies in a developing country, our experiences might be of interest and useful to medical practitioners, policymakers of birth defects control programs, and those willing to set up a monitoring system of congenital anomalies in similar areas. Ethical Considerations This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Tabriz University of Medical Science (IR.TBZMED.REC.1399.525). Confidentiality and privacy were observed at every stage of the program, including data gathering, data access, data analysis and reporting. Conflict of Interest Authors declare no conflict of interest. Aknowledgment The authors wish to thank the Iranian Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tabriz University of Medical Science, and all those financially supporting the study, participating at the program, including parents and children (thesis no. 65711).
39
Son, Ju Hyun, Zee Won Seo, Woosik Choi, Youn-Young Lee, Suk-Woong Kang, and Chang-Hyung Lee. "Etiologic Factors of Rotator Cuff Disease in Elderly: Modifiable Factors in Addition to Known Demographic Factors." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 6 (March 21, 2022): 3715. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19063715.
Full textAbstract:
With the aging society, musculoskeletal degenerative diseases are becoming a burden on society, and rotator cuff disease is one of these degenerative diseases. The purpose of this study was to examine the incidence of shoulder osteoarthritis and the etiologic factors of rotator cuff disease in the Korean elderly population. A total of 102 patients performing ultrasonography were recruited, and their demographic factors were analyzed. As functional factors, visual analog scale and the peak torque of external and internal rotators of the shoulder using an isokinetic dynamometer were measured. As an anatomical factor, the acromiohumeral distance in the plain radiograph of the glenohumeral anterior-posterior view was used. There were more female patients (65.7%) than male patients (34.3%). The age range with the highest number of respondents was 50–59 years old. The mean visual analogue score was 4.09 (Min 1 to Max 9). Age and dominant hand side factors appear to be the crucial etiologic factors of the presence and severity of rotator cuff disease. The lower net value of the external rotator strength is weakly related to the presence of rotator cuff disease after adjusting for age, and this is the only modifiable factor in the study.
40
Grygielska, J. "AB0920-PARE WHAT WE LEARNED DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 80, Suppl 1 (May 19, 2021): 1481.1–1481. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.3304.
Full textAbstract:
Background:When the first official cases of pneumonia of unknown etiology in the city of Wuhan were reported by Chinese authorities to the World Health Organization (WHO) on 31st of December, 2019 nobody couldn’t imagine that only month later new disease reached Europe and so fast change lives around the world. The first case of COVID-19 in Poland has been detected on 4th March 2020 and 16 days later Polish government introduced an epidemic state connected with new law regulations and with lockdown.Objectives:Fast shared new coronavirus was a challenge for all. People with rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMDs) in very short time lost their sense of security. They received different information about COVID-19. One of the main information was that people with RMDs have higher risk of COVID-19. Providing real information in era of fake-news and giving of possible solutions during pandemic has become the goal of activities of patients organizations.Methods:Lack of appropriate knowledge about new coronavirus forced different activities among entities acting for the benefit of patients. Our rheumatic patients organizations suspended group exercises and face to face meeting counting that it was only for 1-2 months. In social media from early March 2020 we support action “stay at home” like a warranty of safety. We tried to stay in contact with member organizations and in regional organizations with their members. We participated in action “Patient units us” organized by Minister for Patients Rights – during duty hours we had a chance to inform calling us people about different solutions connected with pandemic. Using our social media we inform people with RMDs about statement of EULAR and Polish Society for Rheumatology. After short break we are continuing works in Council of Patients Organization to the Minister for Patients Rights. Having contacts with RMDs patients we learn from them about their problems met in everyday lives.Results:COVID-19 pandemic interrupted typical activities of our associations. After summer holidays we could organize group exercises and real meetings only during 2 months to new wave of coronavirus. Many members resigned from participation fear of infection. For the same reason people resigned from medical consultation and examination. Following confirmed information we could share it among our followers using websites and social media. Majority of medical consultations was remotely when physician calls to patient on time of appointed visit.Conclusion:COVID-19 pandemic accelerated progress of e-health and of using of new technologies. On the one hand it give a challenge for people who didn’t use it before to start to do it but on the other hand digital exclusion has deepened among people who never use Internet and stay alone in pandemic times. Virtual activities of associations give a chance to keep a contact with members, increase their knowledge, dispel doubts. Some changes forced by coronavirus infection are good and will stay among us like e-prescription, e-referral, internet patients account, virtual workshops and lectures. We are concerned that teleconsultations can replace medical examination in out-patient center. It can be danger for people with inflammatory arthritis. So long break in face to face meetings in associations can be a reason of lost of members especially older. Fast learning of using of new technology in medicine and in activities of associations give an opportunity for future but nothing can replace personal contact.Disclosure of Interests:None declared
41
Prista-Leão, Beatriz, Isabel Abreu, Raquel Duro, André Silva-Pinto, Filipa Ceia, Paulo Andrade, Joana Sobrinho-Simões, et al. "Panton-Valentine Leukocidin-Producing Staphylococcus aureus Infection: A Case Series." Infectious Disease Reports 12, no. 3 (November 3, 2020): 61–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/idr12030014.
Full textAbstract:
Panton-Valentine leukocidin-producing Staphylococcus aureus (PVL-SA) is associated with relapsing multifocal skin and soft tissue infections (SSTI), necrotizing pneumonia (NP) and severe musculoskeletal infections. Epidemiology is underknown and underdiagnosis is likely. Recent travel abroad, case clustering and relapsing disease are often reported. We reviewed all cases of PVL-SA infection diagnosed at our center, and found 21 cases over a 43-month period. Most patients were adult males, had relevant travel history, reported recurrent disease and presented with SSTI. Etiologic diagnosis took up to five years; meanwhile, 42% of patients had antibiotic treatments. Draining procedures were required in 43% of patients and intensive care support in 19%. All patients recovered. Methicillin-resistance prevalence was 24%. Only 2/13 decolonized patients had posterior relapsing SSTI, both with likely infected contacts. PVL-SA infection’s severity and impact are clear, even in small case series as ours. Physician awareness and active PVL-gene search are crucial for an adequate management.
42
Treshchynska, M. A. "Dorsopathy: back pain management." Infusion & Chemotherapy, no. 3.2 (December 15, 2020): 286–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.32902/2663-0338-2020-3.2-286-288.
Full textAbstract:
Background. Dorsopathy is a group of diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue associated with degenerative diseases of the spine. Risk groups for the development of dorsopathies include people with a sedentary lifestyle, people working in difficult conditions, athletes, military personnel, people with obesity. Clinical classification of dorsopathies involves their division according to the affected level (cervical, thoracic, lumbosacral).
Objective. To describe the management of patients with back pain.
Materials and methods. Analysis of literature data on this topic.
Results and discussion. Cervicocranialgias, related to dorsopathies, include vertebral artery syndrome (VAS) and extravasal artery compression (EAC). VAS is a complex of cerebral, vascular and autonomic disorders that occur due to the damage of the sympathetic plexus of vertebral artery, deformation of the wall or changes in its lumen. In turn, EAC involves the compression of blood vessels by bone abnormalities, muscles, osteophytes of the cervical vertebrae, scars, tumors, and so on. Lower back pain (LBP) is one of the most common dorsopathies. Its prevalence has doubled in the last decade. The mechanism of aseptic inflammation in dorsopathies includes such links as the release of proinflammatory mediators, activation of peripheral nociceptors, production of cyclooxygenase-2 and the formation of prostaglandins. Pain in dorsopathies is classified into nociceptive (caused by the excitation of nociceptors in damaged tissues), neuropathic (caused by damage to the central or peripheral nervous system) and psychogenic (caused by primary mental disorders). By duration, LBP is classified into acute (<6 weeks), subacute (6-12 weeks) and chronic (>3 months). According to the etiology, the following subspecies are distinguished: radicular (disc herniation, spondylosis, vertebral canal stenosis), specific (cancer, infection, fracture, equine tail syndrome) and nonspecific (myogenic disorders, facet syndrome). In the presence of so-called symptoms of red flags, it is recommended to conduct imaging examinations according to the indications. Such symptoms include pain development at the age of <20 years or >55 years, recent back injury, progressive character, deterioration or lack of dynamics after keeping horizontal position, prolonged use of glucocorticoids, history of malignant tumors, osteoporosis, intravenous drugs injection, immunodeficiency, weight loss, fever, focal neurological symptoms, pain on palpation of the spine, spinal deformity. The symptoms of yellow flags predict pain chronization. The latter include certain work-related circumstances, beliefs, behaviors, and affective symptoms. The main causes of non-specific back pain include muscular-tonic pain syndrome (MTPS), myofascial pain syndrome (MFPS), arthropathies. Microcirculatory disorders, caused primarily by the reflex muscle spasm, play a significant role in the development of pain in these conditions. MTPS develops on the background of degenerative-dystrophic changes in the spine, ligaments and muscles as a result of exposure to provoking factors (significant physical exertion, injuries, sudden movements, prolonged stay in a static position, general or local hypothermia). Chronization of MTPS leads to the development of MTFS. Ischemic muscle spasm leads to the spasm of arteries and dilation of venules with impaired microcirculation and accumulation of inflammatory mediators. In turn, radicular ischemia develops with radicular pain. Venous plexus, which is compressed at the stage of stenosis without signs of direct compression of the root, is the most vulnerable structure of the intervertebral space. Treatment of LBP includes bed rest, sleep on a hard surface, the use of non-specific anti-inflammatory drugs, local administration of local anesthetics, muscle relaxants, B vitamins, therapeutic exercises and surgical treatment. Restoration of microcirculation makes it possible to influence the pathogenesis of radiculoischemia. Drugs that improve microcirculation and hemodynamics are included in the domestic clinical protocol for the treatment of dorsalgia. Reosorbilact (“Yuria-Pharm”) improves substance exchange between blood and tissues and helps to remove metabolic products. These effects are based on the opening of precapillary sphincters on the background of this solution use. For dorsalgia, it is also advisable to prescribe Latren (“Yuria-Pharm”) – a combination of pentoxifidine and Ringer’s lactate. Latren inhibits the aggregation of blood cells, increases the elasticity of erythrocytes, promotes vasodilation, normalizes the electrolyte composition of blood plasma. To eliminate endothelial dysfunction, Tivortin (“Yuria-Pharm”) is prescribed, which promotes vasodilation. The use of the listed above infusion drugs influences the pathogenesis of the process, eliminating dorsalgia.
Conclusions. 1. LBP is one of the most common dorsopathies. 2. Pain in dorsopathies is classified into nociceptive, neuropathic and psychogenic. 3. Microcirculatory disorders play a significant role in the development of nonspecific LBP. 4. Combined use of Reosorbilact, Latren and Tivortin influences the pathogenesis of the process, eliminating dorsalgia.
43
Dos-Santos, R., F. Otero, M. Varela García, E. Perez-Pampín, and A. Mera Varela. "POS0624 RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS AND ORAL MICROBIOME RELATED TO PERIODONTAL DISEASE." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 81, Suppl 1 (May 23, 2022): 580.1–580. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2022-eular.4023.
Full textAbstract:
BackgroundRheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a prevalent systemic autoimmune disease with an unknown etiology. Its onset has been related with chronic immune activation.1 Oral microbiome (OM) could be one trigger for this beginning, due to its implication in periodontal disease (PD) and chronic gum inflammation.2ObjectivesTo correlate OM species potentially harmful and RA disease activity.MethodsDuring a 6-month period (June to December 2021), RA patients (from the daily practice in a Rheumatology Department) and healthy controls were recruited. Healthy controls proceed from outpatient Orthopaedic Surgery Department (with no autoimmune diseases). A specialized odontologist made an oral evaluation and took samples. OM was assessed by a semiquantitative reactive-chain protein. Species evaluated were Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tanerella forthsytia, Treponema denticola, Prevotella intermedia y Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (PerioPOC, Austria).Results237 RA patients and 83 healthy controls were recruited. 100% RA patients have, at least, one oral germ, as opposed to healthy controls (57.8%, p<0.001). P. gingivalis was present in 60.2% RA patients treated with biological therapies, most of them anti-TNF. No healthy patients were carriers of P. gingivalis. 41% RA patients had the association of T. denticola and P. gingivalis, regardless of therapies used. The association of T. denticola, T. forsythia and P. gingivalis was also frequent. No relationship between biological therapies used and germs were found (p<0.12). The coexistence of P. gingivalis and T. forsythia increases exponentially the risk of having a severe PD (x5, Figure 1). This is influenced also by higher age and smoking status. As well, this association was observed more frequently in RA patients versus healthy controls (x2.5).ConclusionRA is related with OM, regarding healthy controls. P. gingivalis is more frequent in RA patients that needed biological therapies. These therapies seem to not influence the presence of OM, being frequent the association of several species (symbiosis) causing PD. An OM and PD examination in RA patients could be beneficial to assess disease development and response to treatments, mainly if an eradication protocol is developed (based on local hygiene and periodontal treatment).References[1]Smolen JS, et al. Rheumatoid Arthritis. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2018.[2]R Bodkhe, B Balakrishnan, V Taneja. The role of microbiome in rheumatoid arthritis treatment. Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis. 2019;11:1759720.Disclosure of InterestsNone declared
44
Kirsch, Jack R., Amanda K. Williamson, Diana Yeritsyan, William A. Blessing, Kaveh Momenzadeh, Todd R. Leach, Patrick M. Williamson, et al. "Minimally invasive, sustained-release relaxin-2 microparticles reverse arthrofibrosis." Science Translational Medicine 14, no. 666 (October 12, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.abo3357.
Full textAbstract:
Substantial advances in biotherapeutics are distinctly lacking for musculoskeletal diseases. Musculoskeletal diseases are biomechanically complex and localized, highlighting the need for novel therapies capable of addressing these issues. All frontline treatment options for arthrofibrosis, a debilitating musculoskeletal disease, fail to treat the disease etiology—the accumulation of fibrotic tissue within the joint space. For millions of patients each year, the lack of modern and effective treatment options necessitates surgery in an attempt to regain joint range of motion (ROM) and escape prolonged pain. Human relaxin-2 (RLX), an endogenous peptide hormone with antifibrotic and antifibrogenic activity, is a promising biotherapeutic candidate for musculoskeletal fibrosis. However, RLX has previously faltered through multiple clinical programs because of pharmacokinetic barriers. Here, we describe the design and in vitro characterization of a tailored drug delivery system for the sustained release of RLX. Drug-loaded, polymeric microparticles released RLX over a multiweek time frame without altering peptide structure or bioactivity. In vivo, intraarticular administration of microparticles in rats resulted in prolonged, localized concentrations of RLX with reduced systemic drug exposure. Furthermore, a single injection of RLX-loaded microparticles restored joint ROM and architecture in an atraumatic rat model of arthrofibrosis with clinically derived end points. Finally, confirmation of RLX receptor expression, RXFP1, in multiple human tissues relevant to arthrofibrosis suggests the clinical translational potential of RLX when administered in a sustained and targeted manner.
45
"An Analysis of the Etiology and Pathogenesis of Chronic Musculoskeletal Diseases Based on the Foundation of Chinese Medicine." International Journal of Frontiers in Medicine 4, no. 1 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.25236/ijfm.2022.040106.
Full text
46
Alvarado, Juan Carlos, Verónica Fuentes-Santamaría, and José M. Juiz. "Frailty Syndrome and Oxidative Stress as Possible Links Between Age-Related Hearing Loss and Alzheimer’s Disease." Frontiers in Neuroscience 15 (January 18, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2021.816300.
Full textAbstract:
As it is well known, a worldwide improvement in life expectancy has taken place. This has brought an increase in chronic pathologies associated with aging. Cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, psychiatric, and neurodegenerative conditions are common in elderly subjects. As far as neurodegenerative diseases are concerned dementias and particularly, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) occupy a central epidemiological position given their high prevalence and their profound negative impact on the quality of life and life expectancy. The amyloid cascade hypothesis partly explains the immediate cause of AD. However, limited therapeutical success based on this hypothesis suggests more complex remote mechanisms underlying its genesis and development. For instance, the strong association of AD with another irreversible neurodegenerative pathology, without curative treatment and complex etiology such as presbycusis, reaffirms the intricate nature of the etiopathogenesis of AD. Recently, oxidative stress and frailty syndrome have been proposed, independently, as key factors underlying the onset and/or development of AD and presbycusis. Therefore, the present review summarizes recent findings about the etiology of the above-mentioned neurodegenerative diseases, providing a critical view of the possible interplay among oxidative stress, frailty syndrome, AD and presbycusis, that may help to unravel the common mechanisms shared by both pathologies. This knowledge would help to design new possible therapeutic strategies that in turn, will improve the quality of life of these patients.
47
Junior, Tadeu Basualdo, Joyce Katiuccia Medeiros Ramos Carvalho, João Pedro Brochado Souza, Márcio Virgílio Figueiredo Da Silva, Joyce Maira De Araújo, and Gabriel Utida Eguchi. "Clinical and Radiographic Aspects of Metacarpal Remodeling Secondary to a Rubber Band (Latex) Compression in a Dog." Acta Scientiae Veterinariae 48 (June 3, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.22456/1679-9216.101255.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Musculoskeletal disorders are a common complaint in veterinary small animal casuistic. Along with fractures, degenerative and of carcinogenic etiology are the most frequent and radiographic lesion pattern at these diseases is relative well defined. However, traumatic lesions, considering its innumerous possibilities, may cause unusual clinical and radiographic signs which will delay diagnosis and consequently, adequate treatment. A case of bone osteolysis caused by a compressive trauma by a rubber band is described with its clinical, laboratorial and radiographic aspects.Case: A 2-year-old female dog was attended at the Veterinary Hospital of the Dom Bosco Catholic University (UCDB), with main complaint being an unresponsive to treatment lesion at the left thoracic limb. At physical examination it was observed lameness of the left thoracic limb with an ulcerative lesion at the palmar surface. At the center of the ulcer a 0.3 cm line shaped yellow object was identified, similar to a rubber band. Traction was made and the object distended 5 cm without breaking nor leaving the injury. Showing signs of discomfort, the patient was then sedated for further manipulation. A blood sample for complete blood count and serum biochemistry was collected and radiographic image of the left carpometacarpal-phalangeal region was acquired. Blood analysis revealed moderate thrombocytopenia with an unremarkable serum biochemistry profile (alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, creatinine and urea). It was observed metacarpals with increased radiopacity in bone tissue in the mid-diaphysis topography of the II, III, IV and V metacarpal bones, presence of bone remodeling with radiolucent area and slight bone loss (osteolysis) in the mid-diaphysis associated with discrete sclerosis of the medullary cavity of the II, III and V metacarpals. The patient was submitted to surgery and a 3 cm incision was made following the way of the foreign body, with a small traction the object was removed, confirming the presence of a rubber band. Post-surgery prescription included systemic antibiotic, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory, analgesic and topical ointment. Twenty-two days post-surgery, at revaluation, it was observed only discrete improvement of bone remodeling of V metacarpal but with complete wound healing and full recovery of the lameness.Discussion: It was unclear the reason that led to the presence of the rubber band. Unfortunately, the owner could only complaint about at wound that would not heal for weeks. The best hypothesis was the possible use of a beauty accessory after a bathing service. Considering the patient’s long hair, detachment of any accessory to a rubber band base could have gone unnoticed. Definition regarding the time period since the initial trauma would define for how long the compression was necessary to induce metacarpal remodeling, but the presence of the foreign body and consequently, continuous stimulus of inflammation, would not permit a precise definition regarding the time period of the lesion, even if histopathology was authorized. Surgical removal of the rubber band associated with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory, analgesic, systemic and topical antibiotic (ointment) was considered satisfactory, leading to considerable improvement (normal gait) of the nociception and lameness at day three post-intervention and despite persistence of the bone radiographic aspect, full recovery of the skin lesion at day twenty-two.
48
Lin, Guohao, Lan Zhang, Lin Zhou, Guangyan Cao, and Xiaojing Chen. "PO-254 Progression in rehabilitation of Upper Crossed Syndrome." Exercise Biochemistry Review 1, no. 5 (October 4, 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.14428/ebr.v1i5.11023.
Full textAbstract:
Objective At present, there is a growing number of potential people in the country who are prone to upper crossed syndrome (UCS), and compared with other musculoskeletal diseases, the etiology and treatments of the syndrome are still at an initial stage. On the other hand, the syndrome is a transitional stage between the normal cervical vertebra and cervical spondylosis, so it may be one of the important factors of cervical spondylosis which becomes younger in average age and happens more frequently. Domestic researches for UCS are not sufficient. There is no clear and unified conclusion on the pathogenesis of the disease, and there is also no systematic and efficient standard for its treatment. Therefore, the study of the UCS will help people fully understand the occurrence of cervical spondylosis, the mechanism of muscle imbalance and neck pain, it could lead to new further treatments of physical therapy and exercise therapy.
Methods A literature search was conducted for UCS studies using CNKI, Wan Fang database, VIP database, Pubmed, web of science, EMbase, Cochrane Library. The Medical Subject Headings search terms used included rehabilitation therapy, neck pain, head pain, etiology, treatment, and combined keywords using upper crossed syndrome and UCS. According to the characteristics of the different databases, there is a joint search method for the keywords and free words. Two authors independently extracted relevant data according to the proposed inclusion and exclusion criteria, and then carry out full text reading after the literature that may be qualified or cannot be confirmed, so as to identify the literature that needs to be included. In the end,40 literatures were finally included.
Results The causes of UCS may have bad posture, abnormalities of respiratory patterns, psychological factors, over excitation of sympathetic nerve, abnormalities of proprioception, acute and chronic injury. And, once that balance is broken, without interference, the neck and shoulders will form a vicious circle, and the human body's stress reaction will form osteophyte in the corresponding place，and damage intervertebral disc. According to the studies, all treatment methods have certain effects such as massage, acupuncture, strength training, breathing training, nerve sensation training, cognitive-behavioral therapy and so on.
1.Bad posture can cause the cervical vertebra physiological curvature to disappear, neck muscle length changes, abnormal tension, force imbalance. It can be treated with exercise therapy, including corrective training, north European walking, etc. We need to use strength training, posture correction, elastic band training and so on, to strengthen the relatively weakened or elongated muscles, and make the joints and muscles of shoulder or neck work under the correct rhythm, followed by the bone-setting manipulation(traction therapy, joint mobilization, Chinese traditional vertebra restoration method) can also have a good effect by solving problems such as abnormal cervical vertebra curvature, local nerve compression, small joint disorders and limited range of motion in a joint.
2.Abnormal breathing patterns make the accessory respiratory muscles constantly perform low load contraction, which gradually causes muscle fatigue. For some people with respiratory disorders or difficulties, in order to breathe more smoothly, will take a head forward posture to alleviate the resistance of the airway, so that they can not fully complete the original function of the accessory respiratory muscle. To this, abdominal respiration training can regulate the balance of the major respiratory and accessory respiratory muscles function, and reduce the excitability of sympathetic nervous, thus relaxing the dominant muscles.
3.Most psychological problems are characterized by progressive and concealed, which not only have a negative impact on people's psychology, but also can not be ignored in physiology. Psychological effects may change the neurotransmitter, 5-HT and corticotropinreleasing factors in the body, which causes the human body to suffers the muscle pain, the tension, the movement uneasiness manifestation. It is the first time that the human body has suffered from muscle pain, nervous and fidgety movements. Therefore, some scholars proposed to use the cognitive-behavioral therapy(CBT) to carry on the improvement to this problem. It includes specific behavior and cognitive corrections to correct body and mental abnormalities.
4.At present, some researchers have found that the neural sensation, especially the abnormalities of proprioception, is closely related to the abnormal postures. For UCS, long term abnormal posture, the abnormal signals that feed back to the proprioceptionare gradually weakened and eventually ignored or considered normal by the brain center. Therefore, the proprioceptionshould be reactivated under the correct posture. The correct feedback signal can be activated by proprioceptiontraining and Kinesio taping. And the Kinesio taping can make indirect effect on the sensory system, at the same time it can reduce the pressure of local tissue and speed up the blood circulation. This can accelerate the metabolism of muscle and help the recovery of muscle fatigue.
5.Most of these causes of UCS will lead to pain, inflammatory, fascia adhesion. Chinese traditional methods of rehabilitation and physiotherapy are commonly used in treatment. Massage therapy, Chinese acupuncture treatment including acupuncture point injection therapy, and Chinese needle-knife therapy can play a role in warming Yang and eliminating cold, reducing swelling and relieving fatigue. Chinese needle-knife therapy by cutting muscle fascia, stripping, relaxation, unclogging, promoting blood circulation, etc. It is necessary to adjust the biomechanics of the human body and restore the balance of motion. The Chinese herbal medicine can make the human body live blood for pain and pain, and it can be applied outside, taken inside and combined with other treatment methods.Medium and low frequency treatment, infrared treatment, waxwork and other physical therapy methods, using sound, light, cold, heat, electricity, magnetic，force (motion and pressure) and other physical factors for treatment, aiming at local or systemic functional disorders or diseases of the human body. The physical factors therapy is non-invasive and non-drug treatment，which is necessary to restore the original physiological functions of the body.
6.China has a variety of martial arts since ancient times, including Baduanjin exercise, five-animal exercises and Tai Chi. With the aim of physical fitness and relatively gentle physical activity as the basis, the physical and mental state need combine body，breath and heart adjustment, which play a role in strengthening the body, adjusting breathing and maintaining health.
Conclusions In summary,traction therapy, Chinese traditional needle-knife have high requirements for equipment and venues, and are expensive and not suitable for public use. The Chiropractic therapy ，joint mobilization and Chinese traditional vertebra restoration method have high risks, and the requirements on the experience and technique of the operator are higher. And Other treatments have their own characteristics. Therefore, in the actual treatment process, various factors should be considered comprehensively to carry out treatment. Treatment of primary and secondary order, consider, from the pathogenesis of UCS should give top priority to posture correction, daily lifestyle management, including breathing training, strength training, relaxation therapy, second along with Chinese acupuncture and physical therapy, such as nerve sensation training, finally martial arts, as an education and mission project ，guide the patient carry out the rehabilitation by themselves. It is still not clear how to prevent UCS and what treatment sequence should be used to treat different causes of UCS at home and abroad, which need to make further study.
49
Syurin, SA. "Trends in Vibration Disease Rates among Industrial Workers in the Russian Arctic." ЗДОРОВЬЕ НАСЕЛЕНИЯ И СРЕДА ОБИТАНИЯ - ЗНиСО / PUBLIC HEALTH AND LIFE ENVIRONMENT, May 2022, 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.35627/2219-5238/2022-30-5-57-64.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction: Vibration disease is a prevalent occupational disorder of the musculoskeletal, nervous, and vascular systems. Objective: To study recent trends in vibration disease rates among industrial workers in the Russian Arctic. Materials and methods: Public health monitoring data on working conditions and occupational diseases in the population of the Russian Arctic for 2007–2020 were analyzed using Microsoft Excel 2016 and Epi Info, v. 6.04d. Results: In 2007–2020, whole-body and hand-arm vibration ranked seventh (5.7 %) and tenth (1.5 %) in the general structure of industrial hazards identified at the local enterprises, respectively. Among etiologic factors of occupational diseases, these two types of vibration occupied the third and fourth places, while their cumulative exposure was second (29.5 %) only to the increased severity of labor processes. In 2007–2020, vibration disease was first diagnosed in 2,234 workers, mostly men (99.5 %) of early retirement age (51.0 ± 0.1 years) engaged in mining (91.3 %). The risk of developing vibration disease due to hand-arm vibration was higher than from whole-body vibration: RR = 3.37; CI 2.48–4.59; χ2 = 67.0; p < 0.001. The average annual incidence rate of vibration disease was 4.23 per 10,000 workers. Over 14 years, the number of vibration disease cases and its share in the structure of occupational disorders tended to increase while the number of years of employment in workers with vibration disease decreased from 24.9 ± 0.3 to 23.2 ± 0.2 (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The increased number of vibration disease cases and a shorter length of service until the disease onset, which can hardly be attributed to deteriorating working conditions, require a proper explanation.