Academic literature on the topic 'Musculoskeletal system Human engineering. Industrial safety. Industrial engineering'
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Journal articles on the topic "Musculoskeletal system Human engineering. Industrial safety. Industrial engineering"
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Sánchez-Lite, A., and M. García-García. "Simulation and Ergonomics Approach for Service & Manufacturing Process Improvement." Key Engineering Materials 502 (February 2012): 121–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.502.121.
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The human factor is a key variable in the efficiency of the product-process development system. The ability to be able to predict the influence of this factor in the process is a significant challenge in manufacturing engineering, as well as the consequences that the process designed has on this factor. All ergonomic considerations have traditionally been evaluated without using 3D product design. Nowadays, 3D process design technologies and simulation tools allow us the opportunity from the earliest stages of the design process. They can also be used to improve current processes in order to increase human comfort, productivity and safety. This paper describes a methodology using 3D design and simulation tools to improve industrial and service processes. This methodology has as an objective the detection, evaluation and control of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs).
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Fox, Stephen, Olli Aranko, Juhani Heilala, and Päivi Vahala. "Exoskeletons." Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management 31, no. 6 (June 17, 2019): 1261–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmtm-01-2019-0023.
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Purpose Exoskeletons are mechanical structures that humans can wear to increase their strength and endurance. The purpose of this paper is to explain how exoskeletons can be used to improve performance across five phases of manufacturing. Design/methodology/approach Multivocal literature review, encompassing scientific literature and the grey literature of online reports, etc., to inform comprehensive, comparative and critical analyses of the potential of exoskeletons to improve manufacturing performance. Findings There are at least eight different types of exoskeletons that can be used to improve human strength and endurance in manual work during different phases of production. However, exoskeletons can have the unintended negative consequence of reducing human flexibility leading to new sources of musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) and accidents. Research limitations/implications Findings are relevant to function allocation research concerned with manual production work. In particular, exoskeletons could exacerbate the traditional trade-off between human flexibility and robot consistency by making human workers less flexible. Practical implications The introduction of exoskeletons requires careful health and safety planning if exoskeletons are to improve human strength and endurance without introducing new sources of MSD and accidents. Originality/value The originality of this paper is that it provides detailed information about a new manufacturing technology: exoskeletons. The value of this paper is that it provides information that is comprehensive, comparative and critical about exoskeletons as a potential alternative to robotics across five phases of manufacturing.
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CHOU, PEI-HSI, YOU-LI CHOU, SHANG-LIN LEE, JIA-YUAN YOU, FONG-CHIN SU, and HSIEH-CHIN CHEN. "KINEMATICAL STRATEGY TO REGAIN BALANCE DURING A FORWARD FALL ON A SLIPPERY FLOOR." Biomedical Engineering: Applications, Basis and Communications 13, no. 01 (February 25, 2001): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4015/s1016237201000054.
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Slips and falls often occur in the industrial environments. They are not only caused by environmental hazards but also by some biomechanical factors related to deficient ability of postural control to arrest impending falls. The purpose of this study is to simulate the slip condition in human walking and to find out the possible related factors of biomechanics. Eleven male and 9 female recruited were healthful without any musculoskeletal and neurological impairments. In order to provide different disturbance level, three lean angles of tilting boards were designed as 10, 20, 30 degrees with respect to horizontal plane. Subjects wore a safety harness, stood on the tilting board and were released without awareness. A forceplate applied a soap patch was in front of the tilting board to serve the slippery perturbation and to measure the fool/floor reactions. Movements of body segments were measured using the motion analysis system. The results were shown that lean angle had a significant effect to all parameters except step length, response time, maximum ankle forward velocity, hip forward velocity, and ankle flex angle. The gender significantly affected on the step length, response time, maximum ankle forward velocity, and knee forward velocity. Larger lean angle made subjects to take a more rapid step. In order to absorb the shock in foot strike, subjects flexed more their knee and increased the foot landing angle in larger lean angle. Male tended to adopt the long step-length strategy to respond to the slippery perturbation and female tended to use the short step-length strategy instead. The results of maximum ankle forward velocity suggested that short step-length strategy could be belter to reduce the foot slip than long step-length strategy.
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Long, Philip, Christine Chevallereau, Damien Chablat, and Alexis Girin. "An industrial security system for human-robot coexistence." Industrial Robot: An International Journal 45, no. 2 (March 19, 2018): 220–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ir-09-2017-0165.
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Purpose The installation of industrial robots requires security barriers, a costly, time-consuming exercise. Collaborative robots may offer a solution; however, these systems only comply with safety standards if operating at reduced speeds. The purpose of this paper is to describe the development and implementation of a novel security system that allows human–robot coexistence while permitting the robot to execute much of its task at nominal speed. Design/methodology/approach The security system is defined by three modes: a nominal mode, a coexistence mode and a gravity compensation mode. Mode transition is triggered by three lasers, two of which are mechanically linked to the robot. These scanners create a dynamic envelope around the robot and allow the detection of operator presence or environmental changes. To avoid velocity discontinuities between transitions, the authors propose a novel time scaling method. Findings The paper describes the system’s mechanical, software and control architecture. The system is demonstrated experimentally on a collaborative robot and is compared with the performance of a state-of-art security system. Both a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the new system is carried out. Practical implications The mode transition method is easily implemented, requires little computing power and leaves the trajectories unchanged. As velocity discontinuities are avoided, motor wear is reduced. The execution time is substantially less than a commercial alternative. These advantages can lead to economic benefits in high-volume manufacturing environments. Originality/value This paper proposes a novel system that is based on industrial material but can generate dynamic safety zones for a collaborative robot.
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Creehan, Kevin D., and Bopaya Bidanda. "Computer-aided reverse engineering of the human musculoskeletal system." Virtual and Physical Prototyping 1, no. 2 (June 2006): 83–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17452750600648478.
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Maithani, Harsh, Juan Antonio Corrales Ramon, Laurent Lequievre, Youcef Mezouar, and Matthieu Alric. "Exoscarne: Assistive Strategies for an Industrial Meat Cutting System Based on Physical Human-Robot Interaction." Applied Sciences 11, no. 9 (April 26, 2021): 3907. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11093907.
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Musculoskeletal disorders of the wrist are common in the meat industry. A proof of concept of a physical human-robot interaction (pHRI)-based assistive strategy for an industrial meat cutting system is demonstrated which can be transferred to an exoskeleton later. We discuss how a robot can assist a human in pHRI, specifically in the context of an industrial project i.e for the meat cutting industry. We developed an impedance control-based system that enables a KUKA LWR robot to provide assistive forces to a professional butcher while simultaneously allowing motion of the knife (tool) in all degrees of freedom. We developed two assistive strategies—a force amplification strategy and an intent prediction strategy—and integrated them into an impedance controller.
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Mohammadi Amin, Fatemeh, Maryam Rezayati, Hans Wernher van de Venn, and Hossein Karimpour. "A Mixed-Perception Approach for Safe Human–Robot Collaboration in Industrial Automation." Sensors 20, no. 21 (November 7, 2020): 6347. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20216347.
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Digital-enabled manufacturing systems require a high level of automation for fast and low-cost production but should also present flexibility and adaptiveness to varying and dynamic conditions in their environment, including the presence of human beings; however, this presence of workers in the shared workspace with robots decreases the productivity, as the robot is not aware about the human position and intention, which leads to concerns about human safety. This issue is addressed in this work by designing a reliable safety monitoring system for collaborative robots (cobots). The main idea here is to significantly enhance safety using a combination of recognition of human actions using visual perception and at the same time interpreting physical human–robot contact by tactile perception. Two datasets containing contact and vision data are collected by using different volunteers. The action recognition system classifies human actions using the skeleton representation of the latter when entering the shared workspace and the contact detection system distinguishes between intentional and incidental interactions if physical contact between human and cobot takes place. Two different deep learning networks are used for human action recognition and contact detection, which in combination, are expected to lead to the enhancement of human safety and an increase in the level of cobot perception about human intentions. The results show a promising path for future AI-driven solutions in safe and productive human–robot collaboration (HRC) in industrial automation.
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Rajnathsing, Hemant, and Chenggang Li. "A neural network based monitoring system for safety in shared work-space human-robot collaboration." Industrial Robot: An International Journal 45, no. 4 (June 18, 2018): 481–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ir-04-2018-0079.
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PurposeHuman–robot collaboration (HRC) is on the rise in a bid for improved flexibility in production cells. In the context of overlapping workspace between a human operator and an industrial robot, the major cause for concern rests on the safety of the former.Design/methodology/approachIn light of recent advances and trends, this paper proposes to implement a monitoring system for the shared workspace HRC, which supplements the robot, to locate the human operator and to ensure that at all times a minimum safe distance is respected by the robot with respect to its human partner. The monitoring system consists of four neural networks, namely, an object detector, two neural networks responsible for assessing the detections and a simple, custom speech recognizer.FindingsIt was observed that with due consideration of the production cell, it is possible to create excellent data sets which result in promising performances of the neural networks. Each neural network can be further improved by using its mistakes as examples thrown back in the data set. Thus, the whole monitoring system can achieve a reliable performance.Practical implicationsSuccess of the proposed framework may lead to any industrial robot being suitable for use in HRC.Originality/valueThis paper proposes a system comprising neural networks in most part, and it looks at a digital representation of the workspace from a different angle. The exclusive use of neural networks is seen as an attempt to propose a system which can be relatively easily deployed in industrial settings as neural networks can be fine-tuned for adjustments.
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Baran, Güvenç, Asuman Doğan, and Recep Akdur. "The musculoskeletal system complaints of office workers at a vehicle production factory." Human Factors and Ergonomics in Manufacturing & Service Industries 21, no. 5 (January 24, 2011): 474–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hfm.20250.
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AFRAZEH, ABBAS, and HEINZ BARTSCH. "HUMAN RELIABITIY AND FLIGHT SAFETY." International Journal of Reliability, Quality and Safety Engineering 14, no. 05 (October 2007): 501–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218539307002763.
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This paper through a systematic view considers the subject of Airplane — Flight crew system, as an intricate system of Man and Machine. And we study its Reliability on Flight Safety with an emphasis on Human factor. Aiming at the above goals. As we define the constituents of the system from a Socio-Technical perspective, introduce main factors involved in brining about Human errors in such a system. Finally we discuss the methods and procedures for the reduction of these errors which leads eventually to the promotion of Human reliability and consequently the Flight Safety.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Musculoskeletal system Human engineering. Industrial safety. Industrial engineering"
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Bloom, Benjamin H. "Evaluation of the potential for ergonomic interventions at the XYZ Company's midwestern production facility." Menomonie, WI : University of Wisconsin--Stout, 2006. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2006/2006bloomb.pdf.
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Reed, Jody. "An ergonomic analysis of Company XYZ's clutch line." Menomonie, WI : University of Wisconsin--Stout, 2006. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2006/2006reedj.pdf.
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Bell, Alison. "An ergonomic analysis of vacuum cleaning tasks using observational risk assessment tools." School of Health Sciences - Faculty of Health & Behavioural Sciences, 2008. http://ro.uow.edu.au/theses/126.
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This research thesis examined the risk of upper limb musculoskeletal disorders for cleaning workers while performing vacuum cleaning tasks in the normal course of their employment. The cleaning workers in this study were from three sectors of the workforce – government schools, hospitality and commercial office space. The vacuum cleaning tasks were divided into those performed with a back pack style vacuum cleaning machine and those using a canister/barrel machine. Three observational risk assessment tools were selected to measure the risk of these tasks to cleaning workers. The selected tools were the Manual Tasks Risk Assessment Tool (ManTRA) version 2.0; the Quick Exposure Check (QEC) (Li & Buckle, 1998); and the Rapid Upper Limb Assessment tool (RULA) (McAtamney & Corlett, 1993). Results of this thesis study demonstrated that vacuum cleaning is a risk to the musculoskeletal health of cleaning workers, with some variation between the tool ratings, reflecting the specificity and/or sensitivity of each tool. Differences were found between the three cleaning sectors in terms of overall risk posed by vacuum cleaning tasks. The sector with the greatest risk was found to be the government school cleaners, followed by the hospitality and then commercial office space cleaning sectors. The ‘risk experience’ difference between the sectors cannot be attributed only to vacuum cleaner characteristics, but also, the environment and length of shift worked by the cleaning staff. Further research is required to determine the difference in risk exposure between the two types of vacuum cleaner (back pack and canister).
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Jacka, Karen-Louise. "The effect of work-hardening on the physical work capacity of manual labourers within South African industry." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1016237.
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South Africa is a labour-intensive industrially developing country. As a result, in excess of 200 000 workers suffer from musculoskeletal injuries in a year. Research is thus essential to develop more effective strategies in the reduction and rehabilitation of occupational musculoskeletal disorders within industry. It was the hypothesis of this study that by improving the physical work capacity of manual labourers, through participation in an occupation specific work-hardening programme, that the ergonomic stress index and therefore the occurrence of musculoskeletal injuries within industry, may be reduced. Twenty-five male Black and Coloured manual labourers volunteered to participate in this study. In addition to in situ task analyses, the subjects participated in cardiovascular and strength assessments in the laboratory, both pre- and post-participation in the ten-week work-hardening programme. The data were statistically analyzed in order to identify any significant • improvements in the workers' physical work capacity, as measured by cardiovascular, strength and perceptual responses, following the period of work-hardening. Two significant reductions were noted in measures of working heart rate together with significant improvements in grip strength and trunk strength tested at a velocity of 60°.sec·1 at the post-conditioning assessments. In conclusion, the ten-week work-hardening programme resulted in nominal improvements in all the cardiovascular measures and significant improvements in the subjects' strength performance. However, industrialists must recognise that this study dealt with only one aspect of reducing the ergonomic stress index at the workplace and realise that, in addition to this focus, it remains essential to design the task to fit the human operator.
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Wolfe, Amy. "The effect of restricted environments on selected postural, physiological and perceptual responses." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005193.
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Manual lifting tasks are the predominant means of transporting materials in industry with many of these tasks being performed in confined spaces. Research has tended to focus on the biomechanical implications of working in small spaces with a decided lack of information about the physiological and perceptual responses in these environments. This holistic study therefore investigated the manner in which the human operator responded to conditions where the ceiling height was lowered and reach demands increased. Thirty-two young physically active male subjects (age: 21.55yr; stature: 1810mm) were recruited to complete a 2-way repeated measures experiment during which four lifting protocols where different combinations of ceiling height (‘normal’ or reduced to 1460mm in height) and reach demands (400mm or 800mm) were tested. A crude postural analysis was conducted while physiological responses were detailed and continuously monitored. Perceptual responses were also assessed. The tasks with a ‘normal’ ceiling height (mean compression forces: 2615N; mean shearing forces: 388N) and the greatest reach distance (mean compression forces: 3655N; mean shearing forces: 386N) placed individuals under the highest strain. Mean heart rate (HR) responses were significantly lower (p < 0.05) in the URN condition when compared to the RF condition. Furthermore, HR responses were statistically significantly affected by the height of the ceiling and the reach depth. Statistically significant differences (p< 0.05) in mean tidal volume (VT) occurred in the least (URN) and most (RF) restrictive conditions. Statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) in mean VE were evident between URN and URF, between URN and RF and between RN and RF. Ceiling height and reach demands had a statistically significant effect on all respiratory responses. There was a statistically significant difference in mean oxygen consumption (VO2) between the URN and all other conditions, and between the most restricted task (RF) and all other conditions. Both the effect of ceiling height and reach demands had a statistically statistically significant impact on VO2. Respiratory quotient (RQ) was significantly higher when loads were moved over 800mm compared to 400mm yet ceiling height did not have a statistically significant effect on RQ. Mean energy expenditure was significantly higher in the RF condition compared to the two least restrictive conditions (URN and RN). Statistically significant differences in EE were also evident between URN and RN, and between URN and URF. EE was significantly affected by reductions in ceiling height and increases in reach demands. Perceptually, the RF task (mean ‘Central’ RPE of 11) was perceived to place significantly greater cardiorespiratory demands on the operator compared to the URN (CRPE: 10) and RN (CRPE: 10) conditions. Statistically significant differences in perceived musculoskeletal strain only occurred between URN and RF. The effect of reach was perceived to have a statistically significant effect on both cardiovascular and musculoskeletal demands whereas ceiling height only had a statistically significant effect on musculoskeletal demands. The greatest discomfort was experienced in the lower back with the most intense discomfort occurring in the RN condition.
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Elliott, Andrew Brent. "Risk assessment and the effects of overhead work - an automotive industry example." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005211.
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The focus of this investigation was an analysis of the work demands being placed on South African automotive industry workers as there is a recognised problem with regard to the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). Preliminary work was conducted to highlight the dominant risks and areas which elicited higher numbers of MSDs within the chosen automotive plant. An area of concern was highlighted through medical record analysis and the use of risk assessment tools, thereby prioritising the need for ergonomic intervention. In particular, the effects of varying restricted and overhead work heights on the biomechanical, physiological and psychophysical responses of an individual were investigated. Twenty-eight subjects were required to complete sixteen conditions. The conditions consisted of the adoption of restricted and upright overhead static postures, with half requiring the holding of four kilograms of weight in the hands and the remaining eight conditions having no weight. Testing was carried out using an electromyography unit, ergospirometer and a perceptual Body Discomfort Map and Scale. This involved a habituation and testing session. The results of the testing revealed the biomechanical and physiological responses were dependant on the change in height. Body discomfort was also shown to be variable over the changing height conditions. This indicates that there is a significant effect of height on an individual’s responses during overhead work. The extreme restricted (-200mm and -100mm) and upright (+300mm and +400mm) overhead conditions within this study were limiting, as they elicited the highest muscle activation, physiological responses and body discomfort ratings. Positions that are preferable to adopt, which were identified from the results in this study, indicate conditions closer to head height (0mm and +100mm) were favourable. The results therefore illustrate how awkward working postures during work are likely to elicit higher demands from an individual, which could lead to an increased risk for the development of a musculoskeletal disorder. The added factor of weight elicited significant results over all variables, excluding a respiratory The focus of this investigation was an analysis of the work demands being placed on South African automotive industry workers as there is a recognised problem with regard to the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). Preliminary work was conducted to highlight the dominant risks and areas which elicited higher numbers of MSDs within the chosen automotive plant. An area of concern was highlighted through medical record analysis and the use of risk assessment tools, thereby prioritising the need for ergonomic intervention. In particular, the effects of varying restricted and overhead work heights on the biomechanical, physiological and psychophysical responses of an individual were investigated. Twenty-eight subjects were required to complete sixteen conditions. The conditions consisted of the adoption of restricted and upright overhead static postures, with half requiring the holding of four kilograms of weight in the hands and the remaining eight conditions having no weight. Testing was carried out using an electromyography unit, ergospirometer and a perceptual Body Discomfort Map and Scale. This involved a habituation and testing session. The results of the testing revealed the biomechanical and physiological responses were dependant on the change in height. Body discomfort was also shown to be variable over the changing height conditions. This indicates that there is a significant effect of height on an individual’s responses during overhead work. The extreme restricted (-200mm and -100mm) and upright (+300mm and +400mm) overhead conditions within this study were limiting, as they elicited the highest muscle activation, physiological responses and body discomfort ratings. Positions that are preferable to adopt, which were identified from the results in this study, indicate conditions closer to head height (0mm and +100mm) were favourable. The results therefore illustrate how awkward working postures during work are likely to elicit higher demands from an individual, which could lead to an increased risk for the development of a musculoskeletal disorder. The added factor of weight elicited significant results over all variables, excluding a respiratory individual.
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Renz, Miriam Christina. "Laboratory investigation of a simulated industrial task pre- and post-ergonomics intervention." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1015806.
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The focus of the present study was on the investigation of the effects of an intervention strategy on an industrial task in situ and a simulation of the same task within a laboratory setting. The task of offloading crates from a truck at a local business was simulated in a laboratory setting for rigorous analysis. The effect of an ergonomically sound intervention on selected physical, physiological and perceptual variables was evaluated in a test - retest experimental set-up using 28 young, healthy male students. Each of the two experimental conditions lasted for 16 minutes. In the pre-intervention task subjects were required to transfer the crates from one point to another by sliding them along the floor. During the execution of the post-intervention task responses to reductions in the stacking height and modifications of the working method were evaluated. Results obtained for spinal kinematics during the simulated industrial task indicated a high biomechanical risk, due to large ranges of motion, high velocities and accelerations in the sagittal and transverse planes. The heavy workload of the task was also evident in elevated physiological responses (HR, RF, VT, VE, VO2, RQ, EE) and perceptual ratings (RPE, Body Discomfort). Assessment of the intervention strategy revealed that the high risk industrial task was reduced to moderate acceptable, with measurements of spinal kinematics, physiological and perceptual variables being significantly reduced. An in situ re-assessment of the workers responses to the intervention also elicited reductions in heart rates and perceptual ratings compared to the original task.
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Salaskar, Swati. "Digital human modeling for ergonomic evaluation of laparoscopic surgery." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2009.
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Samson, Akiev. "Digital human modeling for ergonomic assessment of patient lifting by paramedics." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2009.
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Thesis (M.S.)--State University of New York at Binghamton, Thomas J. Watson School of Engineering and Applied Science, Department of Systems Science and Industrial Engineering, 2009.Includes bibliographical references.
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Larsson, Jonas, and Johan Carlén. "Wristband Design for Pool Safety System : Redesign of Multifunctional Wearables for Drowning Detection." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för ekonomi, teknik och samhälle, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-63456.
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Every year, people are injured or even drowns in pools all over the world. Even in pools with monitoring lifeguards, accidents happen. One reason for submerge injuries or drownings is that they often are silent, which make incidents hard to detect. Lately, more reliable systems for pool surveillance have entered the market: Technology ranging from camera monitoring systems to wearables that detects if a person lying lifeless in the pool. This to, ensure good safety for bathing visitors around the world and make the work of the lifeguards easier. This master thesis project regards the development of a new wristband for a Pool Safety and Drowning Detection System. This involved studying the system, investigate the involved stakeholders, gather information about the current wristband and analyse the current situation. However, the primary focus for this master thesis project has been to create and design a; “One-size fit all” wristband, based on human measures, a more robust design, and with a higher resistance against wear. The master thesis project is done with Sentag AB as clients together with third party developers. Sentag´s system includes three sizes of wristband, sensors in the water to pick up signals, and a central unit from where the system is operated. When the alarm is triggered the wristband sends a signal in the water which the sensors pick up, and pass the information to the central unit, which notifies the lifeguards. Also, the wristbands contain a RFID tag which allows the user to use the wristband as a key card which can be used for lockers, make payments, and passing gates. Sentag aims to be a leader in high quality drowning detection technology on an international market. They want to improve their product to reach a broader market and prevent accidents. The project has followed a human-centred design process to understand the perspective of the lifeguards who operate the system, and also to better understand the users wearing the wristband. The project was performed in five phases, starting with a Project Plan and Research, followed by Context Immersion, Ideation, and Implementation. The work is based on demands form Sentag and third party consultants and findings from the Context Immersion phase where the team interviewed and observed stakeholders, analysed the system, and investigated materials. The team worked iterative within each phase, meaning the methods were repeated if necessary. In the Ideation phase the creative work was performed, and in Implementation phase were prototypes and evaluations performed to find a final solution. The project resulted in a “one-size fit all” wristband concept, which can be worn by people from three years upwards. The new design consists of several parts, most of which is a soft wristband casing, which protects the technology unit against wear and scratches. It is now possible to replace the bracelet without tools, which previously required and exposed electronics. The work presented in 3D visualizations and 3D printed prototype.Varje år skadas eller till och med drunknar människor i pooler världen över. Även i poolområden med övervakning händer olyckor. En orsak till detta är att drunkning ofta sker helt ljudlöst, vilket gör att incidenter är mycket svåra att upptäcka. På senare tid har mer tillförlitliga system för poolövervakning kommit in på marknaden. Allt från kameraövervakningssystem och personliga larm som upptäcker om en person ligger livlös i poolen. Detta för att säkerställa en god säkerhet för besökare och göra arbetet som badvakt lättare. Detta examensarbete handlar om utveckling av ett nytt armband för ett säkerhetssystem i poolmiljöer. I arbetet studerades nuvarande poolbevakningssystem, intressenter, information om de aktuella armbanden och arbetet omfattade analysering av nuläget. Huvudfokus under detta projekt har varit att skapa och designa ett armband som passar alla och som baseras på människors kroppsmått. Det nya armbandet skulle vara mer motståndskraftig mot slitage. Detta examensarbete utförs med Sentag AB som klienter tillsammans med tredjepartsutvecklare. I Sentags system ingår tre storlekar av armband, sensorer i vattnet för att plocka upp signaler, och en central enhet där systemet styrs ifrån. När larmet utlöses sänder armbandet en signal i vattnet, som sensorerna plockar upp, sensorerna vidarebefordrar informationen till centralenheten, som meddelar badvakterna. Armbanden innehåller också en RFID-tagg som tillåter användaren att använda armbandet som ett passerkort, nyckel till skåp, göra betalningar, och passera grindar. Sentag strävar efter att vara ledande i högkvalitativa drunkningslarm på en internationell marknad. Nu vill de förbättra sin produkt för att nå en större marknad och förebygga olyckor. Projektet har följt en designprocess som är centrerad kring människan för att förstå badvakternas perspektiv som använder systemet, och även för att bättre förstå användarna som bär armbandet. Projektet genomfördes i flera faser där processen började med en projektplan och litteraturstudie, följt av informationsinsamling, Idégenerering och Implementation. Arbetet bygger på önskningar från Sentag och tredjepartskonsulter och den information som framkom under informationsinsamlingen, där gruppen intervjuade och observerade intressenter, analyserade systemet och sökte efter lämpliga material. Processen var iterativ, vilket innebär att metoder som användes inom faserna repeterades efter behov. I idégenereringsfasen skedde det kreativa arbetet och i implementeringsfasen gjordes prototyper, 3D modeller och utvärderingar för att finna en slutgiltig lösning. Projektet resulterade i ett armband med en storlek som kan bäras av alla. Det kan bäras av personer från tre år och uppåt. Den nya designen består av flera delar, varav huvuddelen är ett mjukt armbandshölje, som skyddar teknikenheten mot slitage och repor. Det är nu möjligt att byta ut armbandet utan verktyg vilket tidigare krävdes samt exponerade elektroniken. Arbetet presenterades i 3D visualiseringar och en 3D printad prototyp.
Books on the topic "Musculoskeletal system Human engineering. Industrial safety. Industrial engineering"
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Products, Inc USA Compliance. Your workplace guide for developing an ergonomic awareness and musculoskeletal disorders prevention program: Including sample program and custom documentation. [S.l.]: USA Compliance Products, 2001.
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A, Silverstein Barbara, and Washington (State). Safety and Health Assessment and Research for Prevention., eds. Musculoskeletal disorders, risk factors and prevention steps: A survey of employers in Washington State. Olympia, Wash: Safety & Health Assessment & Research for Prevention, 1999.
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1963-, Zhang Xiaodong, and Zhang Baodong active 2006, eds. An quan xi tong gong cheng. Beijing: Zhongguo ji liang chu ban she, 2006.
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Christensen, Wayne C. Integrating safety through design: Compendium 1996 symposium : developing concepts of safety, health, and environmental knowledge to be incorporated into engineering curricula. Itasca, IL: Institute for Safety Through Design, National Safety Council, 1997.
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One year later: Inadequate progress on America's leading cause of workplace injury : hearing before the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions, United States Senate, One Hundred Seventh Congress, second session, on examining workplace injury issues, focusing on musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) and ergonomics, April 18, 2002. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2002.
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United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions. One year later: Restoring economic security for workers and the nation : hearing of the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions, United States Senate, One Hundred Seventh Congress, second session, on examining unemployed Americans in the context of the current economic situation, focusing on temporary emergency unemployment compensation (TECU) [i.e. (TEUC)] reform, September 12, 2002. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2003.
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J, Steiner Lisa, Torma-Krajewski Janet 1949-, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, and Pittsburgh Research Laboratory (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health), eds. Practical demonstrations of ergonomic principles. Pittsburgh, PA: Dept. of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Pittsburgh Research Laboratory, 2011.
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Kemmlert, Kristina. Prevention of occupational musculo-skeletal injuries: Labour Inspectorate investigation. Stockholm, Sweden: Scandinavian University Press, 1996.
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Kemmlert, Kristina. Prevention of occupational musculo-skeletal injuries: Labour Inspectorate investigation. Stockholm, Sweden: Scandinavian University Press, 1996.
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Hearing to review the status of scientific information on ergonomics: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Workforce Protections of the Committee on Education and the Workforce, House of Representatives, One Hundred Fifth Congress, first session, hearing held in Washington, DC, May 21, 1997. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1997.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Musculoskeletal system Human engineering. Industrial safety. Industrial engineering"
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Song, Siyuan, and Ibukun Awolusi. "Industrial Safety Management Using Innovative and Proactive Strategies." In Concepts, Applications and Emerging Opportunities in Industrial Engineering. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.93797.
Full textAbstract:
Safety is considered a top priority due to its significance in safeguarding human lives and properties, especially in high-risk industrial sectors such as aviation, oil and gas, construction, transportation, steel manufacturing, and mining industries. These industries are plagued by workplace injuries, illnesses, and fatalities because of the dangerous work environments. As such, it is very vital to integrate safety into every work process in any industrial environment just like quality is built into products and services. It is important to establish and execute an effective safety management system to prevent the risks of irreversible accidents. This chapter begins with a background to safety management in industrial engineering and a discussion of the various issues of industrial safety management. It follows with an extensive description of existing and commonly used safety performance measurement methods. Several case studies are used to explain the methods and explore the important application areas relevant to most industrial sectors. The techniques and tools for safety data collection, analysis, and sharing are introduced together with their applications for safety management. The last section explains how emerging technologies can be implemented in most industrial sectors to enhance safety management.
Conference papers on the topic "Musculoskeletal system Human engineering. Industrial safety. Industrial engineering"
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Dorofeev, N. V., and A. V. Grecheneva. "Algorithm for Detecting Functional Disorders of the Human Musculoskeletal System According to Accelerometric Monitoring Data of the Gait." In 2020 International Multi-Conference on Industrial Engineering and Modern Technologies (FarEastCon). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/fareastcon50210.2020.9271628.
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Wang, Le, Shengquan Xie, Wenjun Xu, Bitao Yao, Jia Cui, Quan Liu, and Zude Zhou. "Human Point Cloud Inpainting for Industrial Human-Robot Collaboration Using Deep Generative Model." In ASME 2020 15th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2020-8353.
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Abstract In complex industrial human-robot collaboration (HRC) environment, obstacles in the shared working space will occlude the operator, and the industrial robot will threaten the safety of the operator if it is unable to get the complete human spatial point cloud. This paper proposes a real-time human point cloud inpainting method based on the deep generative model. The method can recover the human point cloud occluded by obstacles in the shared working space to ensure the safety of the operator. The method proposed in this paper can be mainly divided into three parts: (i) real-time obstacles detection. This process can detect obstacle locations in real time and generate the image of obstacles. (ii) the application of the deep generative model algorithm. It is a complete convolutional neural network (CNN) structure and introduces advanced generative adversarial loss. The model can generate the missing depth data of operators at arbitrary position in the human depth image. (iii) spatial mapping of the depth image. The depth image will be mapped to point cloud by coordinate system conversion. The effectiveness of the method is verified by filling hole of the human point cloud occluded by obstacles in industrial HRC environment. The experiment results show that the proposed method can accurately generate the occluded human point cloud in real time and ensure the safety of the operator.
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Malm, Timo, Tapio Heikkilä, and Jari M. Ahola. "Safety Assessment Process for Human-Robot Handling Tasks." In ASME 2015 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2015-47006.
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The needs for using robots to assist human workers in accomplishing heavy tasks in a variety of industries are increasing. Almost by default this implies sharing the work space between robots and human operators. As a consequence, safety issues must be carefully taken into account. We have implemented a pilot system based on a standard industrial robot (KUKA KR120 R2500) for interactive handling of heavy and/or large parts and loads. Here we report the safety analysis and risk assessment of such a system following the harmonized robot standards (ISO 10218-1 & -2), including Preliminary Hazard Analysis (PHA), Use Case Safety Analysis (UCSA) and analysis of system functions and communications.
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Dash, Ranjita, Anurag R. Chandnani, Arash Tourki Samaei, and Ramuel Safarkoolan. "Advance Model for Capturing Real Life Human Gait Process." In ASME 2016 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2016-66893.
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Human gait represents a highly coordinated multi-dimensional and energy efficient process involving complex precision control mechanisms. Several attempts have been made in the literature to capture every minute detail of this process and develop accurate models. Although available state of art neuromuscular models demonstrate higher degrees of accuracy, the extent to which the shoulder muscles actively drive the arms, their effect on stability and economy during gait are not well established till date. Most of these models are sufficiently accurate to replicate the human gait in upright position, but fail to capture the energy efficiency and analysis while in a bent position such as the start-up posture just before a running event. Moreover performance of existing models degrade while capturing motions around a smooth turn. The prime objective of this work is to clearly bring out the effect of arm swing and posture on the energy efficiency of human gait process. This work can be a potential enhancement to performance of existing state of art neuro-musculoskeletal models, thereby reducing energy expenditure by approximately 7.89%. In this work we present a simple and systematic methodology for deriving the control system model of human gait considering the challenges faced in previous models and includes advanced effects encountered in real life. Although the single inverted pendulum is widely accepted as an adequate model of bipedal motion, but creates accuracy as well as stability issues and is less likely to capture advance dynamics of the human gait process. In addition to the motion of ankle joints, human gait often involves the motion of hip and knee joints for improved balancing, increased flexibility in face of the multitude external disturbances and robustness in terms of fail safe. For optimized results, a multi-pendulum model with forward dynamics approach has been considered in this work. In order to achieve real time performance with good controllability, LQR controller with state feedback techniques has been adapted in the model. Typical observations like swinging of hands out of phase with respect to legs, effect of posture prior to a running event are also analyzed and included into the model. We investigate the control and function of arm swing in human gait process to test three competing hypotheses i.e. (1) The arms are actively driven by shoulder muscles, (2) The arms are passively powered by movement of the lower body, (3) During few initial steps of gait arm movement is actively driven by shoulder muscles and consequently by passive dynamic effect of the thorax, inertia and gravity. Effects of removing arm swing that create stability problems during walking and especially running, resulting in greater variability in footfall positions are also analyzed. A comparative analysis between distance covered, maximum velocity achieved, effort on foot for the same input torque at the hip joint, and energy efficiency computations (work done per step per meter) is carried out for the above mentioned cases with and without hand motion during the gait process. This work finds potential application in development of energy efficient automated robots usually employed in industries, biomimetic, prosthetic, neuro-rehabilitation engineering and sports biomechanics where the energy efficiency and performance under varying postures are at priority. It drives gait modelling methodology towards an advanced low constrained multidimensional approach as is required by modern high end systems and compromise between energy efficiency and speed. This model can be cleverly utilized to suggest the best initial posture for different athletes having different body structures to obtain maximum speed efficiently. Strategic approach towards the development of a flexible and an accurate gait model are analyzed and discussed in detail.
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Wang, Xi Vincent, and Lihui Wang. "Safety Strategy in the Smart Manufacturing System: A Human Robot Collaboration Case Study." In ASME 2020 15th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2020-8427.
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Abstract The next generation of the manufacturing industry calls for new approaches with smarter functionalities and better/safer working environment for human beings. The Human-Robot Collaboration (HRC) approach provides a feasible solution combing the flexibility and intelligence of a human, together with the accuracy and strength of an industrial robot. However, in the past years, despite the significant development of different HRC approaches, there is still a lack of clear safety strategy for an HRC system. Thus in this paper, the extensive taxonomy of the human-robot relations are first defined to provide a clear classification in different robotic scenarios. Then a comprehensive action strategy is developed toward different scenarios and human stakeholder’s roles. A dynamic HRC layout approach is also introduced based on the actual speed of human and robot and the distance between them. The feasibility of the proposed approaches in this paper is then evaluated via the implemenntation in an HRC-based assembly cell. The operator’s biometric data is also included in the HRC control loop. It is proven achievable to conduct personalised HRC safety strategy based on the human stakeholder’s role, physical conditions, speed and so forth. The future research outlooks and essential considerations are addressed at the end of the paper.
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Bruzzone, Agostino G., Matteo Agresta, Kirill Sinelshchikov, and Marina Massei. ""Intelligent Autonomous System devoted to improve Efficiency and Safety in Industrial Plant"." In The 19th International Conference on Modelling and Applied Simulation. CAL-TEK srl, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.46354/i3m.2019.mas.024.
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The industrial plants, in process industries, are often characterized critical environments and dangerous conditions respect the utilization of human workforce. These aspects are quite common in chemical, oil & gas, iron & steel plants where this combination of factors causes serious accidents. The aim of this study is to develop a new generation of intelligent autonomous system capable to support operations in these environments reducing the presence of workers in most risky operations. In order to succeed in this task, these new systems must be suitable to operate in complex industrial environments and to face related threats and risks. Indeed, this paper proposes an analysis of a complex industrial environment related to hot metal production by identify the most dangerous areas and operations as well as potential critical elements for autonomous vehicle use. Consequently, simulation solutions are proposed to support engineering of these innovative robotic system as well as development of new operations and procedures.
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Arisoy, Erhan Batuhan, Guannan Ren, Erva Ulu, Nurcan Gecer Ulu, and Suraj Musuvathy. "A Data-Driven Approach to Predict Hand Positions for Two-Hand Grasps of Industrial Objects." In ASME 2016 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2016-60095.
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The wide spread use of 3D acquisition devices with high-performance processing tools has facilitated rapid generation of digital twin models for large production plants and factories for optimizing work cell layouts and improving human operator effectiveness, safety and ergonomics. Although recent advances in digital simulation tools have enabled users to analyze the workspace using virtual human and environment models, these tools are still highly dependent on user input to configure the simulation environment such as how humans are picking and moving different objects during manufacturing. As a step towards, alleviating user involvement in such analysis, we introduce a data-driven approach for estimating natural grasp point locations on objects that human interact with in industrial applications. Proposed system takes a CAD model as input and outputs a list of candidate natural grasping point locations. We start with generation of a crowdsourced grasping database that consists of CAD models and corresponding grasping point locations that are labeled as natural or not. Next, we employ a Bayesian network classifier to learn a mapping between object geometry and natural grasping locations using a set of geometrical features. Then, for a novel object, we create a list of candidate grasping positions and select a subset of these possible locations as natural grasping contacts using our machine learning model. We evaluate the advantages and limitations of our method by investigating the ergonomics of resulting grasp postures.
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Shaikh, Imtiyaz, YoungJun Kim, Sankar Jayaram, Uma Jayaram, and Hongsoo Choi. "Integration of Immersive Environment and RULA for Real-Time Study of Workplace Related Musculoskeletal Disorders in the Upper Limb." In ASME 2003 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2003/cie-48298.
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The assessment of musculoskeletal disorders prevalent among industrial workers involved in manual tasks is a difficult and time-consuming process. This paper presents the integration of the rapid upper limb assessment (RULA) algorithm, a well-established ergonomic tool, with a virtual assembly tool (VADE), to facilitate the identification of potential upper limb injuries in assembly processes and identification of potential solutions. In this context, a parametric human model was embedded into the virtual assembly system. The posture of the worker is analyzed continuously (at each frame) in real-time, as he/she performs the task. This allows the engineer to try out different postures and assembly processes quickly to identify the best work environment set-up. One pilot study is presented in this paper to demonstrate the application of this concept. This pilot study (conducted jointly with an industry partner) clearly illustrates the validity and utility of this method in identifying and reducing manual assembly process related musculoskeletal stresses.
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Ben Ahmed, Walid, Mounib Mekhilef, Michel Bigand, and Yves Page. "A Knowledge-Based System for Change Impact Analysis." In ASME 2004 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2004-57249.
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Due to the increasing complexity of the modern industrial context in an evolutionary environment, several changes (e.g. new technology, new system, human errors, etc.) may affect road safety. Analyzing the change impact on design requirements is a complex task especially when it deals with complex systems such as Vehicle Safety Systems (VSS). To handle a change impact analysis in road safety field, VSS designers require a specific knowledge stemmed from accidentology. In this paper, we develop a multi-view model of the road accident, which is crucial to extract the required knowledge. Indeed, this multi-view model allows the analysis of the impact of a given change on the Driver-Vehicle-Environment system from different viewpoints and on different grain of size. This allows an efficient approach to detect exhaustively the perturbations due to the change and thereby to anticipate and handle their effects. We use a Knowledge Engineering approach to implement the multi-view model in a Knowledge-Based System providing accidentologists and VSS designers with an efficient tool to carry out an analysis of change impact on analysis design requirements.
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Janko, Samantha, Shaun Atkinson, and Nathan Johnson. "Design and Fabrication of a Containerized Micro-Grid for Disaster Relief and Off-Grid Applications." In ASME 2016 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2016-60296.
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Rapid solutions are needed throughout the world to meet electrical demands for disaster relief, stabilizing development, industrial or research centers, exploratory drilling and mining, military stationing, and other off-grid or weak-grid applications. This need for on-demand power requires a mobile, modular, and self-sufficient power system designed for rapid deployment and seamless integration. This paper describes a mobile power solution specifically designed for disaster response situations like the Haiti earthquake in 2010, the primary motivating case for this work. A public-private partnership between Arizona State University and NRG Energy was formed to complete the use-inspired design. The mobile system was scoped to meet electricity requirements for a command center, clinic, cellular communications, kitchen, short-term lodging and public lighting, and other critical loads needed to stabilize development in the wake of natural or anthropogenic disaster that destroys the local electrical infrastructure. Deploying modular and self-contained micro-grids has the potential to reduce human harm following disaster by providing a decentralized network of electrical generation assets designed to meet critical loads for human survival and well being. In addition, since no two emergency situations are alike, the proposed solution provides flexibility and scalability to meet constraints for local renewable resources, fuel availability, and physical deployment space. The final system includes a 20 kW solar photovoltaic (PV) array, 10 kWh of lithium-ion battery storage, a 10 kW inverter system, a control computer, and a 20 kW diesel generator for supplemental power. The solar array is packed within a 20’ steel shipping container for ease and safe transport, thereby making the solution “containerized.” Components must be firmly mounted or secured to the walls and floors of the container for transport via a cargo freighter or helicopter. A second room was created inside the container to separate the generator from the batteries for safety purposes. The prototype can be fully deployed and functional in less than one hour’s time, and was tested against a load bank during various times of the day to illustrate how the power system controls shift operation between batteries, solar PV, and the generator. Sustainability, ethics, health, and safety features were considered in relation to the design specifications, manufacturability, and design scalability. These considerations included the lifecycle of the container, maintenance, modularity, intuitive operation, accessibility, and component temperature regulation, among others. Integration of other technologies such as wind power generation and water purification have the potential to bring further benefit through the plug-and-play containerized micro-grid solution.