Journal articles on the topic 'Museum registration methods'

O presente estudo se ocupa em descrever os métodos de trabalho da documentação de gestão museológica aplicada à realidade institucional do MAE e, mais especificamente, a partir das questões apresentadas pela coleção de arqueologia pré-histórica brasileira.

The article makes an attempt to explore the process of forming the ethnographic collection of the State Art Museum of the Altai Krai based of the museum’s registration documentation, identify methods and sources of enter, factors of influence.

In addition to allowing you to learn by looking, listening, and perhaps touching, museums also encourage critical thought and questioning. Collection management is a sequence of tasks that includes many different tasks, starting with collection acquisition, registration and inventory, care, and research, and ending with the presentation of the collection in the showroom or storage room. The data for this study were gathered by observation, documentation, and interviews utilizing descriptive qualitative research methods. In order to better understand how the Langsa City Museum has developed, researchers will speak with museum directors and experts. A public museum called Langsa City Museum was founded in 2016. This museum has a wide variety of historical artifact collections, from household items to royal items like antique ceramics, saladon plates, guro saladon, and so on. The Balai Juang Building in Langsa City is home to the public museum known as Langsa City Museum, which opened its doors in 2016. A bon kontan, or office for printing money, with a value of Rp. 100, was previously housed in this structure. Ethnografika, Historika, Keramologika, and other sorts of collections are now on display in the museum. Has a total collection of 217 collections in 2023Selain memungkinkan Anda belajar dengan melihat, mendengarkan, dan mungkin menyentuh, museum juga mendorong pemikiran dan pertanyaan kritis. Manajemen koleksi adalah urutan tugas yang mencakup banyak tugas berbeda, dimulai dengan perolehan koleksi, pendaftaran dan inventarisasi, perawatan, dan penelitian, dan diakhiri dengan presentasi koleksi di ruang pamer atau ruang penyimpanan. Data penelitian ini dikumpulkan melalui observasi, dokumentasi, dan wawancara dengan menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Untuk lebih memahami bagaimana Museum Kota Langsa berkembang, peneliti akan berbicara dengan direktur museum dan pakar. Sebuah museum umum bernama Museum Kota Langsa didirikan pada tahun 2016. Museum ini memiliki berbagai macam koleksi artefak sejarah, mulai dari barang-barang rumah tangga hingga barang-barang kerajaan seperti keramik antik, piring saladon, saladon guro, dan lain sebagainya. Gedung Balai Juang di Kota Langsa merupakan tempat museum umum yang dikenal dengan Museum Kota Langsa, yang dibuka pada tahun 2016. Sebuah bon kontan, atau kantor untuk mencetak uang, dengan nilai Rp. 100, sebelumnya ditempatkan di struktur ini. Ethnografika, Historika, Keramologika, dan koleksi lainnya kini dipamerkan di museum ini. Memiliki total koleksi 217 koleksi pada tahun 2023.

In this study, cephalopod individuals exemplified in scientific studies from 1988 to 2015 were registered and listed in the Ege University Faculty of Fisheries Museum (ESFM). Cephalopod species examined in the museum were obtained from the Marmara Sea, the Aegean Sea, the Mediterranean and Northern Cyprus waters. In this study, cephalopod individuals exemplified in scientific studies from 1988 to 2015 were registered and listed in the Ege University Faculty of Fisheries Museum (ESFM). These studies showed that Turkey seas surrounding the 46 species of sepiida orders from 58 pieces, the orders in Sepiolida 230, Teuthida orders of 106 pieces and order Octopoda total 146 storage in a jar. As a result of this study surrounding Turkey seas it has been identified 46 species of cephalopods. The cephalopod types found in the museum were first cleaned and fixed to the jars using the formalin fixation method, which is the most suitable of the 4 known fixation methods, and then the necessary information regarding the sampling was labeled on the jars and the ESFM museum registration was performed.

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> In the context of architectural heritage preservation, constructing building information models is an important task. However, conceiving a pertinent model is a difficult, time consuming and user-dependent task. Our laboratory has been researching methods to decrease the time and errors inferred by manual segmentation of point clouds. In the perspective of automatization of the process, we implemented an automated registration method that used only keypoints. Keypoints are special points that hold more information about the global structure of the cloud. In order to detect keypoints, we used the Point Cloud Library (PCL) toolbox. The pertinence of the method was evaluated by registering more than 300 clouds of the zoological museum of Strasbourg. The quality of the keypoint detection was first verified on geo-referenced indoor point clouds. Then we applied this method to register the indoor and outdoor point clouds that have much less area in common; those common points being generally the doors and windows of the façade. The registrations of indoor point clouds were satisfying, with mean distances to the ground truth inferior to 20&amp;thinsp;cm. While the first result for joint indoor/outdoor registration are promising, it may be improved in future works.</p>

The Use of Instagram as a Promotional Tool for the 2021 “ESOK” Jakarta Biennale Exhibitions. The Jakarta Biennale has been using the Instagram feature to help promote exhibitions by the Museum of Indonesia National Awakening (Museum Kebangkitan Nasional) for some time. The collection was considered a dormant tourist destination that needs to be reactivated. This research elaborates on how the official account @jakartabienalle projects promotional content about the event. Using the content marketing theory, we employ content analysis methods to describe the promotions' narratives spectrum qualitatively. Complementary to that, we also conducted in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation upon the account followers. We found a specific trace of the “ESOK” signature in the upper-left part of every post. Along with that, a two-long paragraph caption also completes the picture-based pieces of information that consist of registration pieces of information and details of the pictures. Finally, we also conclude that hashtags and geotagging features play an essential part in helping audiences locate the event.

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> This paper presents the analysis of possible methods of a terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) data registration using 2D/3D detectors and descriptors. The developed approach, where point clouds are processed in form of panoramic images, orthoimages and 3D data, was described. The accuracy of the registration process was preliminary verified. The two approaches were analysed and compared: the 2D SIFT (Scale-Invariant Feature Transform) detector and descriptor with the rasterized TLS data and the 3D SIFT detector with the 3D FPFH (Fast Point Feature Histograms) descriptor. The feature points were found and preliminary matched using the OpenCV and PCL (Point Cloud Library) libraries. In order to find the best point cloud representation for the registration process, both the percentage and distribution of the correctly detected and matched points were analysed. The materials consisted of the point clouds of two chambers from the Museum of King John III’s Palace in Wilanów. They were acquired using the Z+F 5006h and 5003 TLS scanners. The performed analysis showed that the lowest RMSE values were for the 2D detectors and orthoimages. However, in the case of the point number and distribution, better results were obtained for using the 3D detector.</p>

В статье определены основные характеристики коллекции русских монет отдела нумизматики Государственного исторического музея (ГИМ) в Москве и выделены особенности процесса формирования этой коллекции в досоветский период истории музея. Опираясь на учетную документацию музея и изданную справочную литературу по коллекции ГИМ, автор определил круг поступлений (от древнерусских монет до современных денег); выявил их основные источники: дары (пожертвования) частных лиц, передача из научных обществ, государственных учреждений. Характерными чертами коллекции и процесса ее формирования являлись: широта хронологии представленных памятников нумизматики, хаотичный характер фондообразования, происходившего без четких принципов, преобладание даров (пожертвований) как основной формы комплектования фондов, достаточно разнообразный состав дарителей, развитие профессиональных связей сотрудников музея с отдельными учеными-нумизматами и нумизматическими научными обществами. The study is aimed at determining the main characteristics of the collection of Russian coins of the Numismatics Department of the State Historical Museum in Moscow and highlighting the features of the formation of this collection at the stage of the development of the museum in 1883–1917. The main sources of the study are the museum’s accounting documentation (the Main Inventory Book, the Registration Book of the Numismatics Department, acts of acceptance and transfer for permanent use), as well as indexes, catalogs, and the report of the Historical Museum for 1883–1908. In the study, methods of historical research (descriptive, diachronic, historical comparative and historical typological) were used. The author identifies and analyzes the totality of the first numismatic accessions to the museum’s funds; establishes the main sources of these accessions; and assesses the possibility of having certain principles of forming the collection. The author learns that the numismatic collection has been an integral part of the museum collection since the founding of the State Historical Museum, and was formed in the 1880s–1890s due to numerous gifts. Scientific societies of that time (the Imperial Moscow Archaeological Commission and the Moscow Numismatic Society) were important sources of accessions. In 1895, the museum began to receive copies of modern money of each denomination from the Mint. At the beginning of the 20th century, the museum began to receive collections from individuals’ wills. Various non-scientific institutions assisted the museum in the formation of the collection. The forming of the collection at the initial stage of the State Historical Museum’s development was characterized by a certain chaotic nature, the absence of clear principles for the acquisition of funds. The author concludes that the main characteristics of the collection itself and its formation were: (1) a wide chronology of the presented numismatic monuments (from ancient Russian coins to modern money), (2) the prevalence of gifts as the main form of collecting funds against the background of the relative rarity of purchases, (3) a fairly wide range of donors (individuals, public organizations, officials and government agencies), (4) development of professional ties between museum staff and individual numismatists and numismatic scientific societies.

As a special plant for train maintenance in northern Taiwan, the Taipei Railway Workshop was founded in 1885 and moved in 2011, reflecting the changes in Taiwan’s history, transportation, and industrial technology. Now, it is planned to change the maintenance plant into a railway museum in the form of an in situ site. This study briefly introduces the historical background and present situation of the Taipei Railway Workshop and takes its forging workshop as the object for investigation and exhibition planning. According to the preservation and maintenance methods of the cultural heritage of the museum, the investigation process proposed includes four steps: Site exploration, object registration, object research, and exhibition planning. The work area in the plant is divided into shaping and forging areas, as based on the categories of the machines on the site of the forging workshop. In this study, a total of 85 industrial relics in the forging workshop are registered for systematic research. The working conditions, including machine parts for train maintenance, manufacturing processes of parts, and the relationship between in-line on-site machines and tools, of the forging workshop before closing are restored, as based on the principles of machine manufacturing, literature, and retired workers’ oral histories. Finally, an in situ exhibition plan of the forging workshop is put forward based on the results of the object research.

This article is devoted to the reconstruction of the library of Sergei Petrovich Vinogradov (1853–1918), collector and historian of Russian engraved and lithographic portraits. The bulk of the library is currently kept in the Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts. An extensive collection of graphics and the personal archive of S.P. Vinogradov is available there as well. Vinogradov`s books collection is a valuable historical source. Recreation of the process of its formation alongside with the collecting activity of the owner expands and enriches our understanding of the cultural and scientific life of that time. In the course of the study, general scientific methods of comparative analysis and synthesis were used. Based on the registration books of the Museum Research Library, an array of publications belonging to S.P. Vinogradov, their one-by-one scrutiny examination and attribution were carried out according to ownership characteristics - ex-libris and signatures. Special attention is paid to the study of presentation and owner inscriptions, marks and marginalities found on publications. Статья посвящена реконструкции библиотеки Сергея Петровича Виноградова (1853–1918), собирателя и историка русского гравированного и литографированного портрета. Основная часть библиотеки хранится в настоящее время в Государственном музее изобразительных искусств имени А.С. Пушкина. Здесь же находится обширная коллекция графики и личный архив С.П. Виноградова. Библиотека Виноградова — ценный исторический источник. Воссоздание процесса ее формирования в неразрывной связи с собирательской деятельностью коллекционера расширяет и обогащает сведения о культурной и научной жизни того времени. В ходе исследования были использованы общенаучные методы сравнительного и источниковедческого анализа, атрибуции на основе анализа документов. По регистрационным книгам научной библиотеки музея было проведено вычленение из основного библиотечного фонда массива изданий, принадлежавших С.П. Виноградову, осуществлен их поэкземплярный просмотр и атрибуция по владельческим признакам — экслибрисам и подписям. Отдельное внимание уделено изучению обнаруженных на изданиях дарственных и владельческих надписей, помет и маргиналий.

Amateur archaeologists in DenmarkThe article briefly sums up the history of amateur archaeology in Denmark and mentions the most renowned amateur archaeologists and collectors of artefacts, mainly from the island Fyn. Attention focuses on describing the close collaboration between amateur and profession al archaeologists, which has resulted in the institution of museums all over the country, often through donations of extensive artefact collections from skilful and wealthy amateur archaeologists.The first museum was established in Copenhagen by Ole Worm (1588-1654), who studied the Danish prehistory. The king, Frederik III (1609-1670), made the museum into a kunstkammer, which included not only archaeological artefacts but also curiosities. Later, the artefact collections were gathered in the Old Nordic Museum, which became the present National Museum in 1892.Ole Worm’s contemporary, the nobleman Jesper Friis (1593-1643) of Ørbæklunde on Fyn created an extensive and comprehensive kunstkammer including two Egyptian mummy coffins (fig. 1). Another native of Fyn, Professor Thomas Broder Bircherod (1661-1731) also had a collection of curios. In the 19th century, Lauritz Schebye Vedel Simonsen (1780-1858), the owner of the manor Elvedgård, and Niels Frederik Bernhard Sehested (1813-1882), owner of the manor Broholm, had large collections of artefacts. The latter was a talented amateur archaeologist, who undertook systematic excavations of almost 400 Iron Age graves on the Møllegårdsmarken site. The finds were published in well-illustrated books. Sehested had a small museum built in the manor garden, where he exhibited his finds. The museum still exists (fig. 2). He also experimented with the practical manufacturing and use of prehistoric tools – a novelty at the time (fig. 3). Even King Frederik VII (1808-1863), once the governor of Fyn, was a passionate collector, who undertook or initiated many excavations.The 20th century saw many wealthy amateur archaeologists, who built museums and issued archaeological publications, as for instance the prefect of the island Bornholm, Emil Vedel (1824-1909), who – assisted by the teacher, Johan Andreas Jørgensen (1840-1908) – made comprehensive investigations into several hundred graves at Lousgaard on Bornholm. Vedel initiated the horizontalstratigraphic excavation method, which resulted in the introduction of the Pre-Roman Iron Age in Danish archaeology. As an acknowledgement for this, Emil Vedel was appointed vice president of ”Det kongelige Nordiske Oldskriftselskab,” a credit to an amateur archaeologist!The chemists Christen Mikkelsen (1844-1924) and his son, Poul Helweg Mikkelsen (1876-1940) represented two generation s of very active amateur archaeologists on Fyn. Both left large private collections, which they willed to The National Museum and Fyns Stiftsmuseum (the museum of the diocese of Fyn) (fig. 4). Poul Helweg Mikkelsen is especially remembered for his excavation of the Ladby Viking ship. Out of his own pocket he paid for the building of a cupola covering the Viking ship, which was left in situ, thus making this Viking ship grave unique in Scandinavia.JensWinther (1863-1955), a grocer on the island of Langeland, paid a museum with his own money (fig. 5). He was a skilful amateur archaeologist, who carried out numerous excavations and introduced a new excavation technique, surface digging, involving the gradual exposure of the surface through the removal of thin successive earth layers – a technique that set a fashion. His excavations at the Troldebjerg site functioned as training excavations for future professional archaeologists. For instance, P.V. Glob, the later professor of archaeology and keeper of national antiquities, was one of Winther’s ”pupils”. Also Winther’s lifelong housekeeper, Miss Hornum, was a skilful amateur archaeologist – so skilful that she was invited to take part in the excavation of Inuit settlements in Greenland. Later she was admitted the second female member of ”Det kongelige Nordiske Oldskriftselskab,” following professor Brøndsted’s recommendation.Svend Dyhre Rasmussen (fig. 6), an amateur archaeologist from Sjælland, found the famous medieval high-backed fields and the adjoining village of Borup Ris. His fellow islander, Karl Kristian Nielsen (fig. 7) was a hardworking amateur archaeologist, who undertook both prehistoric and medieval excavations for forty years. He was a modest, self-taught man working as a charcoal burner and thus nicknamed ” the learned charcoal burner”. He was the first amateur archaeologist honoured with the membership of ”Det kongelige Nordiske Oldskriftselskab” (fig. 8).The article also mentions the wide section of the population – comprising all classes – that has contributed to collectin g and preserving our relics of the past in such a comprehensive manner. Another purpose of the article is to show the connection between important events in Danish history and the amateur archaeological initiatives that resulted from them. The article gives a survey of Danish amateur archaeology, which is organised in numerous associations that stimulate the public interest in this field.A new initiative was the founding of a countrywide organisation of amateur movements, the SDA, in 1990 (fig. 9).The SDA has initiated courses, publication of an amateur archaeological periodical and the ambitious project, ”Operation Golden Horn” aiming at a countrywide registration and mapping of finds and relics. The history of the amateur archaeologist associations on Fyn is described, including examples of the work of smaller groups (fig. 11). The cooperation between amateur archaeologists and museum employees on Fyn culminated in 1984 with the exhibition” Past time and spare time”.An important part of amateur archaeologists’ work is the participation in the annual excavation camps, where the amateurs enjoy the pleasure of finding artefacts and learn how to register them scholarly correctly. Cooperation on a Scandinavian level resulted in a Nordic Amateur Archaeologists’ Excavation Camp (the NAU) in connection with Odense’s 1000th anniversary in 1988 (fig. 12). Since then, similar excavation camps have been held in other Nordic countries, and in Estonia. The cooperation with Estonia has given a wider perspective, which includes international cooperation at different levels.The amateur archaeologists’ knowledge of their own neighbourhood has proved important, as they co nt act the profession al archaeologists when farming methods or public construction work is unexpectedly revealing archaeological finds. In such cases, retired and unemployed amateur archaeologists have made an ”ambulance service”, which offers assistance to museums at short notice. Another special initiative was taken by the amateur ar chaeologists on Bornholm, who created a special branch for detector amateurs. This has helped both Norwegian and Swedish museums investigating known sites and thus gain a more differentiated picture of Iron Age settlements. A third special branch of amateur work is the investigation of the submarine settlement of Tybrind Vig, which is an example of a well functioning coopertion with the marine-archaeological group in Fredericia.When in the 1991, Professor Henrik Thrane, Doctor of Philosophy, made the Hollufgård Museum on Fyn and its collection s more user-friendly and accessible to the public by creating ”open stores”, he also gave the amateur archaeologists the possibility of self-tuition. The publication of the archaeological journal ”Archaeology and the natives of Fyn” in 1979 was a result of cooperation between the museum and amateurs (fig. 13). Finally, in 1993, the SDA journal now carrying the name of” Archaeology for everyone” was published. To stimulate the interest in archaeology among the youth, so-called Hugin and Munin clubs have been started, with branches in Copenhagen, on Fyn and in Jutland.The Erik Westerby foundation (initiated by this famous amateur archaeologist) was created to support Danish archaeologists. In 1994, Axel Degn Johansson was the first amateur archaeologist to receive the price, along with 100.000 Dkr, and later another twelve amateur archaeologists have enjoyed grants and presents of money from the foundation.Finally, the importance of the amateur movement for the present and the future is mentioned, and it is stressed that good cooperation between amateurs and museum professionals is very important. Amateur archaeologists will also benefit from the new and refined methods of dating and analysing archaeological finds and – when detecting new finds in the field – of the exact position determination offered by the GPS system. The importance of publicattention on archaeology is stressed, and so the interest of amateur archaeologists is seen as a necessary part in the important and comprehensive task of preserving the past for the future.Jane Kjærgaard AndresenOdenseTranslated by Annette Lerche Trolle

The article presents a brief historiographical review of the first archaeological studies of the Yenisei North. The study presents a description of unknown documents developed by the team of the Arctic Institute in the mid 1940s. The evacuation of the Institute of the Arctic to Krasnoyarsk during the Great Patriotic War increased the attention of its employees to the Krasnoyarsk North. The article publishes «Brief instructions for the registration and protection of archaeological sites of the Soviet Arctic» and «A short questionnaire program for collecting information about the archaeological sites of the Arctic». These documents were identified by the authors in 2022 during the analysis of unprocessed archival materials in the funds of the Krasnoyarsk Regional Museum of Local Lore. The purpose of the study is to introduce the identified archival materials in the historical context of the development the matters of registration and protection the historical and cultural resources in the Russian Arctic. The instruction contains the main types of resources of the native peoples of the North: dwellings and settlements of coastal tribes, settlements of hunters and reindeer herders of the tundra and forest tundra, ancient workshops, fortifications, burial grounds, sacrificial places, rock carvings, remains of fossil fauna, grottoes, caves and sheds in the rocks. Saibs, Arangas and other ancient burial places of pre-Christian times among the Nenets, Yuraks, Nganasans, Yukaghirs, Yakuts are singled out in a special group of resources. They were subject to research only by specialist archaeologists and should were protected. The need to single out resources of the archaeological heritage of the Russian population is emphasized on the example of unique finds in Sims Bay and Thaddeus Island. The section «Recording and protection of archaeological sites of the North» contains regulatory requirements for the identification and registration of the noted types of sites. To characterize them, the Instruction recommends cartographic, field observation, comparative-historical, complex and other methods of study. The transfer of found artifacts and all identified information to the Arctic Institute of the Main Northern Sea Route under the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR or its representatives located in the nearest points is regulated. The content of the identified documents ends with a brief questionnaire for collecting information about the archaeological sites of the Arctic.

One of the key risks identified for the Vertebrate Zoology (VZ) Collections at Museums Victoria has been data error, loss and dissociation. These risks are highest during the stages involved in preparing the specimen for lodgement in the collection (from collecting and accession of the specimen, to preparation, labelling and so on). The VZ Collections data are managed through an electronic collection information system (EMu) but the process of data transferral and input can be time-consuming and error-prone at many steps along the way. The two main methods of specimen acquisition in the Mammalogy, Ornithology and Herpetology collections in recent years have been internal field programs and external stakeholder donations. Prior to 2012, most specimen data from both of these methods of acquisition were handwritten and transcribed one or more times by multiple people before a specimen ended up in the primary database. An assortment of other identifying numbers or codes were used prior to a collection number being assigned, and sometimes these have been difficult to match up or reconcile. The amount of time needed to enter this information manually also increased the risk of data dissociation and specimen misplacement, as it could significantly delay getting specimens lodged correctly in the collection. Since 2012, a number of steps have been taken by the VZ Collection staff to reduce these risks and streamline data processing. For internal field programs in Mammalogy and Ornithology, a field data-collecting tool has been developed using FileMaker Pro. This enables direct input of specimen and field data into our FileMaker field database using the FileMaker Go app on iPad that is then exportable to an Excel spreadsheet for upload to EMu. Specimens are given field numbers initially, and a collection number once at the museum. Data processing is simplified as most specimens undergo full preparation in the field. We have also developed an upload spreadsheet in Excel that can be used by internal or external researchers who are lodging bulk lots of specimens. Thus we receive the mandatory data we require, and it is already in a format we can easily upload to EMu. For external stakeholder donations, preparation is completed at the museum so all data available upon donation are entered directly into EMu. A collection registration number is applied as soon as a specimen is accessioned so there is only one number required to track it during and after preparation. All specimen-related data generated during preparation are still handwritten and then transcribed direct to the electronic catalogue record by collection managers. These procedures continue to be refined, but have significantly enhanced specimen and associated data management. Accidental data loss through technical issues, for example possible iPad data-loss before backup, human error at data input stage such as overwriting a record, or incorrectly assigning field number, have been minimal. Also, we will continue to decrease the need for data transcription by encouraging internal and external researchers to use our data-upload spreadsheet, and training preparation staff to enter specimen data directly into the specimen catalogue record in EMu.

Varying quality of legacy data is found on specimen labels, in accounts ledgers, and in registers dating from the origins of the Otago Museum in 1868. A recently re-discovered ledger book that lists the Museum’s first acquisitions brings its own frustrations and more questions are raised than can be answered by the knowledge it contains. Differing curatorial practices and record keeping over time have produced their own uncertainties of interpretation. In this sense the historical record is dynamic. The legibility and reliability of scribbled notes, meaningful only to the writer perhaps, compound the known problems of fragmentary historical evidence. Whilst handwritten data is faithfully transcribed its meaning is not always clearly understood. Institutional knowledge is easily lost making once obvious comments on a record puzzling. Despite the vagaries of historical record keeping a picture is emerging of the early history of the Otago Museum and the often overlooked role that it held in the small scientific community of late-nineteenth century New Zealand. We should be thankful that some curators had a mania for list making. Inventory of New Zealand’s weird fauna became the prime objective of Captain FW Hutton FRS (1836-1905) and he wrote many catalogues, culminating in his Index Faunae Novae Zealandiae published in 1904. His inveterate list-making also included books as well as the objects that he acquired during his tenure. His successor, TJ Parker FRS (1850-1897) introduced a formal registration scheme across the various departments in 1893, after a trip ‘home’ to London where he had seen the latest methods. Maintaining these records was a chore for subsequent curators. So that by the 1920s the ethnographer HD Skinner CBE (1886-1978) played a game of catch-up as he oversaw a data deluge associated with ever-increasing numbers of artefacts. A deluge that signified a change in emphasis from zoology towards anthropology and archaeology. This paper contributes to the growing literature on the history of record keeping and archival practices. In turn this sub-field provides a way to reconsider the impact of changes in cultures of information gathering as we grapple with our own twenty-first century technological constraints. The present-day electronic information explosion has brought the problems of collecting, organizing, and disseminating data to the forefront of scholarly dialogues.

This article analyses the practice of public presentation of the cultural heritage protection problems in the printed materials of the Ural Society of Devotees of Natural Science (Ekaterinburg) between the second half of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Currently, the civil society structures are actively involved in the system of cultural heritage protection which makes the study of such historical experience relevant. The author comprehensively analyses the materials of Zapiski Uralskogo Obshchestva Lyubitelei Estestvoznaniya (Notes of the Ural Society of Devotees of Natural Science) (40 volumes) related to the discussion of issues of cultural heritage protection, which has never been done previously. The study uses research tools of the historical-anthropological and procedural methods. The article refers to different sources: published office documents of the Society (minutes of meetings, reports), scientific notes and papers, catalogs. The analysis of the sources demonstrates that Zapiski dealt with the problems of preserving all the main categories of cultural heritage (immovable, cultural properties, intangible). The publications pay significant attention to the problems of preserving book rarities and museum collections, disseminating their own and world experience in this area. The regular topics of Zapiski were the discussion of the problems of archaeological objects protection (registration, methods of study), information about excavations, and random archaeological finds. The important topics of the Zapiski were the popularization and actualization of objects of Ural cultural heritage. This was achieved through the publication of catalogs of the society’s collections and reviews of archaeological sites. Zapiski contains a lot of articles about the ethnography of the Ural population (everyday life, traditions, folklore). Nevertheless, the problems of preserving the intangible heritage were raised very rarely. The experience of protection activities was promoted by printed materials on the interaction between the Society and the Imperial Archaeological Commission, the provincial administration, and foreign organizations. The author believes that the materials of the Notes of the Ural Society of Devotees of Natural Science performed an important function of disseminating scientific and practical experience in the protection of cultural heritage, its popularization, and actualization.

In the mid-1990s, on the initiative of Oksana Pelenska – at that time a researcher of Ukrainian emigration in the interwar Czechoslovak Republic and head of the office of the Embassy of Ukraine in the Czech Republic, and now an employee of the "Ukrainian Editorial Board of Radio Svoboda" – the project "Ukrainian addresses in Prague" was launched (still active). Thus, on the map of Prague, Poděbrady , Brno, and other Czech cities, Ukrainian addresses are gradually "discovered," such as Luzhytska Street 38, apartment 1 (the place of registration of the publisher Petr Zlenka); 6 Goremyrova Street (the main estate of the Museum of the Liberation Struggle of Ukraine). Therefore, the purpose of the study is to supplement information about "Ukrainian addresses in Prague" through the prism of the biography of Mykola Antonovych Skydan. The research methodology is based on the principles of concrete-historical approach or historicism, objectivity, comprehensiveness, integrity, systematicity, as well as the use of methods of analysis, synthesis, historical-genetic, historical-comparative, historical-typological, problem-chronological. The scientific novelty lies in the publication of previously unknown information about the life and activities of the agronomist and publisher, permanent secretary of the Foreign Committee of the Ukrainian Party of Socialist Revolutionaries in the Czechoslovak Republic Mykola Antonovych Skydan. Conclusions. Mykola Antonovych Skydan entered the field of view of the "liberators of Prague" by accident in May-June 1945. He, like statesman Mykola Rossinevych, professor of classical languages Mykola Tymchenko, and publisher Petro Zlenko, was captured, interrogated, sent, and transported to Lukyanivska prison and later accused of anti-Soviet activities. The sentence was 10 years of correctional labor. Skydan did not live to the end of his prison term. The author of this publication is so far the only person who has inquired about the rehabilitation certificate of Mykola Antonovych Skydan.

The new mineral patynite was discovered at the massif of Patyn Mt. (Patynskiy massif), Tashtagolskiy District, Kemerovo (Kemerovskaya) Oblast’, Southern Siberia, Russia. Patynite forms lamellae up to 1 0.5 cm and is closely intergrown with charoite, tokkoite, diopside, and graphite. Other associated minerals include monticellite, wollastonite, pectolite, calcite, and orthoclase. Patynite is colorless in individual lamellae to white and white-brownish in aggregates. It has vitreous to silky luster, white streaks, brittle tenacity, and stepped fractures. Its density measured by flotation in Clerici solution is 2.70(2) g/cm3; density calculated from the empirical formula is 2.793 g/cm3. The Mohs’ hardness is 6. Optically, patynite is biaxial (–) with α = 1.568(2), β = 1.580(2), and γ = 1.582(2) (589 nm). The 2V (measured) = 40(10) and 2V (calculated) = 44.1. The Raman and IR spectra shows the absence in the mineral of H2O, OH–, and CO32– groups and B–O bonds. The chemical composition is (electron microprobe, wt.%): Na2O 3.68, K2O 5.62, CaO 26.82, SiO2 64.27, total 100.39. The empirical formula based on 23 O apfu is Na1.00K1.00Ca4.02Si8.99O23. Patynite is triclinic, space group P–1. The unit-cell parameters are: a = 7.27430(10), b = 10.5516(2), c = 13.9851(3) Å, α = 104.203(2)°, β = 104.302(2)°, γ = 92.0280(10)°, V = 1003.07(3) Å3, Z = 2. The crystal structure was solved by direct methods and refined to R1 = 0.032. Patynite is an inosilicate with a new type of sextuple branched tubular chain [(Si9O23)10–] with an internal channel and [(Si18O46)20–] as the repeat unit. The strongest lines of the powder X-ray diffraction pattern [dobs, Å (I, %) (hkl)] are: 3.454 (100) (2-1-1), 3.262 (66) (2-1-2), 3.103 (64) (02-4), 2.801 (21), 1.820 (28) (40-2). Type material is deposited in the collections of the Fersman Mineralogical Museum of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia with the registration number 5369/1.

Abstrak: Pandemi Covid 19 mengubah tatanan kehidupan normal menjadi new normal. Berbagai aktivitas sektor kehidupan mulai dari pemakaian masker, cuci tangan, peraturan jarak jauh menjadikan Museum siginjei merevitalisasi aktivitasnya dalam pelayanan terhadap masyarakat dari normal menjadi new normal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui revitalisasi Museum Siginjei sebagai wahana interaksi budaya di tengah pandemi Covid-19. Metode yang digunakan yaitu metode sejarah yang melalui empat tahapan, yaitu heuristik, kritik sumber, interpretasi, historiografi. Sumber yang dipakai berupa sumber primer yang berasal dari buku, jurnal, berita dan wawancara yang berkenaan dengan judul. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Museum Siginjei mengalihkan pelayanan konvensionalnya kelayanan dalam bentuk digital seperti pelayanan online lewat facebook, instagram, dan youtube. Museum Siginjei juga melakukan re-inventarisasi dan re-registrasi koleksi yaitu berupa nomor yang rusak karena pengaruh udara dan juga keterangan koleksi yang masih berubah. Berbagai koleksi yang telah di inventarisasi dan dimasukkan dalam data base. Selanjutnya palayanan dilaksanakan melalui virtual, sehingga masyarakat dapat menikmati berbagai koleksi museum Siginjei sebagai bentuk produk budaya lokal lokal Jambi. Revitalisasi pemanfaatan museum melalui digitalisasi era pandemi ini, menjadi wahana interaksi budaya. Melalui digitalisasi tidak hanya menjangkau pengunjung yang berada di daerah lokal tetapi juga dari berbagai wilayah diluar Provinsi Jambi. Kata Kunci: Museum, Wahana Interaksi Budaya, Covid-19Abstrak: The Covid 19 pandemic has changed the order of normal life into a new normal. Various activities in the life sector ranging from wearing masks, washing hands, remote regulations make the Siginjei Museum revitalize its activities in service to the community from normal to new normal. This research aims to know the revitalization of the Siginjei Museum as a wagon of cultural interaction in the covid-19 pandemic. The method uses historical method. There are four steps to historical methode heuristi, source criticism. Interpretation, historiography. The resource used is a primary source that comes from books, journals, news and interview related to the title. Studies have shown that the Siginjei Museum transfers conventional services to digital services such as facebook, instagram, youtube and other services. The siginjei museum also re-catalogued and re-registration collections consisting of falling Numbers, broken (air effects) and also a collection of references. Various collections that have been inventoried and entered in the database. Furthermore, services are carried out via virtual, so that people can enjoy various collections of the Siginjei museum as a form of local Jambi cultural products. Revitalizing the use of museums through the digitalization era, becomes a vehicle for cultural interaction. Through digitization, it does not only reach visitors who are in the local area but also from the region.Keywords: Museum, Wagon of Cultural Interaction, Covid-19

Цель статьи – реконструкция начального этапа деятельности общественных и политических акторов по сохранению индустриального наследия в Свердловской области и определение значения периодической печати для этой деятельности на данном этапе. Источниками, спектр которых определил научную новизну исследования, послужили материалы, опубликованные в региональной периодической печати в 1970–1980-е гг. Проведен их анализ по жанровой принадлежности, тематике и целям создания, а также по тому, кто является их автором. Уделено внимание характеристике объектов индустриального наследия и способам их сохранения. Делается вывод об увеличении в 1980-е гг. количества публикаций на тему необходимости сохранения памятников индустриального наследия, что должно было выражаться, с точки зрения авторов газетных статей, в выявлении таких объектов, постановке их на учет, изучении и музеефикации. Данная тенденция соответствовала общегосударственной политике по охране историко-культурного наследия нашей страны. The article aims to determine the features of the initial stage of activities to preserve industrial heritage monuments in the 1970s–1980s at the regional level and identify the importance of the print media in this process. The research material was articles in eight newspapers of Sverdlovsk Oblast. The author employed a typological analysis, for which the following type-forming features were identified: publisher, place of publication, purpose of publication, readership, authors, purpose of articles. In the direct analysis of the text of the articles, the author used a qualitative (conceptual) analysis to consistently reflect the phenomena of public life in the context of Soviet history. In total, approximately 7,900 newspaper issues were studied, among which 44 articles, 45 notes, 27 reports were identified as relevant to the study. The articles were aimed at highlighting the activities of state bodies, the All-Russian Society for the Protection of Historical and Cultural Monuments, or individual residents in the preservation of industrial heritage monuments in order to draw the attention of the general public to specific problems that could and had to be solved. The notes and reports contained a brief description of the activities of the All-Russian Society for the Protection of Historical and Cultural Monuments in relation to a particular monument, and also informed readers about the functioning of already established factory museums or the opening of new ones. The authors of the analyzed materials were journalists, representatives of public organizations, museum staff, writers, specialists in various fields of knowledge. All of them knew the specifics of the Urals and understood the need to preserve objects that were a source of knowledge about the scientific, technical, technological and production achievements of previous generations. The monuments that needed to be preserved are industrial plants, hydroelectric power stations, models of equipment and transport. The methods of conservation that the authors of the articles suggested were identification, registration, study, museumification. In the 1980s, the number of articles published on this problem increased, and their focus changed. They began to play the role of a motivator in the struggle to preserve the monument, causing a great resonance among the general public, scientists, specialists, representatives of party and government bodies. The publication of materials in newspapers, which were official publications, confirms that the preservation of the industrial heritage was in line with the national policy.

Introduction. The local history movement in the USSR began to form organizationally after the end of the Civil War, in the first half of the 1920s. The personnel basis of the Society was made up of local historians of pre-revolutionary Russia who did not emigrate, figures of the Soviet authorities of the province, scientists, specialists in the field of culture. The tasks of the new organization were defined very broadly: the study and popularization of the geographical and climatic, economic, cultural, historical potential of the province, the protection of natural monuments and resources, etc. The methods of work were defined as traditional (publication of scientific works, popular scientific brochures, magazines; holding public lectures, debates, excursions, competitions and exhibitions), and innovative (identification and legal registration of protected areas, organization of botanical gardens, opening of new museums, expositions, creation of biological, meteorological stations, etc. The Kursk Society of Local Lore has covered all layers of society with its work, getting used to the active activity of interested specialists, which was already shown by the first congress of the Union. Methods. The solution of the research problems was provided by a set of interconnected theoretical (analysis of scientific literature, comparative analysis, comparison, generalization, systematization) and empirical (study and generalization of sources, hermeneutic) methods. Results. For the transition to the planned work of disparate groups of enthusiasts-local historians, it was decided to create a public organization, which was legally formalized in 1923. The Charter of the Company determined the areas of work, membership parameters, the amount of contributions, etc. Immediately after the registration, the Society launched an active work, which will be forcibly discontinued by 1937. Conclusion. The selfless work of the members of the Society of Local Lore led to an increase in the interest of the population in the historical and cultural potential of the Kursk province, the emergence of various voluntary societies at schools, libraries, museums that conduct active propaganda work.

The study of freshly isolated cultures is necessary to form an objective idea of the properties of plague microbe natural populations. The analysis of the levels of investigating the properties of strains has been carried out and the characteristics of Yersinia pestis in Kazakhstan are presented. The results of studying the phenotypic and genetic properties of plague microbe natural strains are provided. Following the epizootiological survey of natural plague foci, the museums of live cultures at plague control stations annually receive strains of plague pathogen, which are transferred to the National Collection of Microorganisms of the National Scientific Center of Particularly Dangerous Infections (NSCPDI). One of the main points of Y. pestis strains analysis is the determination of their typicality/atypicality. The study of strains begins at the moment of their isolation by anti-epidemic units. The primary identification of strains is carried out in laboratories of anti-epidemic units by morphology, sensitivity to plague and pseudotuberculosis bacteriophages, fermentation of glycerol, rhamnose and sucrose. In the laboratories of plague control stations and departments, fermentation of maltose and arabinose, denitrification, amino acid requirements, virulence, sensitivity to antibiotics are additionally investigated. Analysis of strains virulence includes determination of calcium dependence, the presence and amount of F1, pesticinogenicity and sensitivity to pesticin 1 and virulence for white mice. The assessment and preservation of the collected gene pool in the NSCPDI National Collection includes various activities, one of the main ones is an in-depth study of all features using standard microbiological methods, molecular methods for complete identification and creation of a data bank containing information about the genome of strains at different intensity of the epizootic process. The NSCPDI has a digital database on the registration and movement of strains, equipment for molecular research. The collection evaluates properties, systematizes information, and ensures the viability of plague pathogen strains for longterm storage.

BackgroundThe experience of art offers an emerging field in healthcare staff development, much of which is appropriate to the practice of palliative care. The workings of aesthetic learning interventions such as interactive theatre in relation to palliative and end of-life care staff development programmes are widely uncharted.AimTo investigate the use of aesthetic learning interventions used in palliative and end-of-life care staff development programmes.DesignScoping review.Data sourcesPublished literature from 1997 to 2015, MEDLINE, CINAHL and Applied Social Sciences Index and Abstracts, key journals and citation tracking.ResultsThe review included 138 studies containing 60 types of art. Studies explored palliative care scenarios from a safe distance. Learning from art as experience involved the amalgamation of action, emotion and meaning. Art forms were used to transport healthcare professionals into an aesthetic learning experience that could be reflected in the lived experience of healthcare practice. The proposed learning included the development of practical and technical skills; empathy and compassion; awareness of self; awareness of others and the wider narrative of illness; and personal development.ConclusionAesthetic learning interventions might be helpful in the delivery of palliative care staff development programmes by offering another dimension to the learning experience. As researchers continue to find solutions to understanding the efficacy of such interventions, we argue that evaluating the contextual factors, including the interplay between the experience of the programme and its impact on the healthcare professional, will help identify how the programmes work and thus how they can contribute to improvements in palliative care.References. 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AbstractAccurate registration of 3D scans is crucial in creating precise and detailed 3D models for various applications in cultural heritage. The dataset used in this study comprised numerous point clouds collected from different rooms in the Museum of King Jan III’s Palace in Warsaw using a structured light scanner. Point clouds from three relatively small rooms at Wilanow Palace: The King’s Chinese Cabinet, The King’s Wardrobe, and The Queen’s Antecabinet exhibit intricate geometric and decorative surfaces with diverse colour and reflective properties. As a result, creating a high-resolution full 3D model require a complex and time-consuming registration process. This process often consists of several steps: data preparation, registering point clouds, final relaxation, and evaluation of the resulting model. Registering two-point clouds is the most fundamental part of this process; therefore, an effective registration workflow capable of precisely registering two-point clouds representing various cultural heritage interiors is proposed in this paper. Fast Adaptive Multimodal Feature Registration (FAMFR) workflow is based on two different handcrafted features, utilising the colour and shape of the object to accurately register point clouds with extensive surface geometry details or geometrically deficient but with rich colour decorations. Furthermore, this work emphasises the challenges associated with high-resolution point clouds registration, providing an overview of various registration techniques ranging from feature-based classic approaches to new ones based on deep learning. A comparison shows that the algorithm explicitly created for this data achieved much better results than traditional feature-based or deep learning methods by at least 35%.

AbstractModern technologies are commonly used to inventory different architectural or industrial objects (especially cultural heritage objects and sites) to generate architectural documentation or 3D models. The Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) method is one of the standard technologies researchers investigate for accurate data acquisition and processing required for architectural documentation. The processing of TLS data to generate high-resolution architectural documentation is a multi-stage process that begins with point cloud registration. In this step, it is a common practice to identify corresponding points manually, semi-manually or automatically. There are several challenges for the TLS point cloud processing in the data registration process: correct spatial distribution, marking of control points, automation, and robustness analysis. This is particularly important when large, complex heritage sites are investigated, where it is impossible to distribute marked control points. On the other hand, when orientating multi-temporal data, there is also the problem of corresponding reference points. For this reason, it is necessary to use automatic tie-point detection methods. Therefore, this article aims to evaluate the quality and completeness of the TLS registration process using 2D raster data in the form of spherical images and Affine Hand-crafted and Learned-based detectors in the multi-stage TLS point cloud registration as test data; point clouds were used for the historic 17th-century cellars of the Royal Castle in Warsaw without decorative structures, two baroque rooms in the King John III Palace Museum in Wilanów with decorative elements, ornaments and materials on the walls and flat frescoes, and two modern test fields, narrow office, and empty shopping mall. The extended Structure-from-Motion was used to determine the tie points for the complete TLS registration and reliability analysis. The evaluation of detectors demonstrates that for the test sites exhibiting rich textures and numerous ornaments, a combination of AFAST, ASURF, ASIFT, SuperGlue and LoFTR can be effectively employed. For the point cloud registration of less textured buildings, it is advisable to use AFAST/ASIFT. The robust method for point cloud registration exhibits comparable outcomes to the conventional target-based and Iterative Closest Points methods.

Abstract Background Despite the high prevalence of common mental disorders in adolescents and young adults, and their association with poor health and socio-economic outcomes throughout the lifespan, many young people do not seek or receive help for such disorders. There is growing interest in the community sector in supporting mental health in young people; however, there is little by way of experimental research in this area. During the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown, we designed an online cultural experience to reduce anxiety and depression and support mental health in people aged 16–24. Methods/design The O-ACE POP (Online Active Community Engagement Proof of Principle) study is a UK-based online randomised controlled trial of an online cultural experience named Ways of Being, involving human centred narratives and viewpoints, compared with a typical museum website (the Ashmolean Museum). We aim to compare efficacy on affect, symptoms of epression and anxiety, flourishing and loneliness as well as investigating potential mechanisms of action. Discussion The COVID-19 pandemic has provided a unique opportunity to design an innovative approach to supporting mental health in young adults. Findings derived from this study will allow us to evaluate the efficacy of this intervention and will inform the design of studies to further refine the resource and test it further. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04663594. Registered on 11 December 2020 (submitted in same form 27 November 2020). Protocol v1.0: 27 November 2020. Date recruitment began: 4 December 2020. Recruitment complete (estimate): February 2021

Статья посвящена особенностям комплектования государственного музейного фонда в первые годы советской власти. Методологию составили историко-правовой, формально-юридический методы, метод юридического толкования. Материалами явились нормативные акты советской власти, архивные документы, исследования юристов и историков права. Изучены национализация банковской сферы, передача культурных ценностей Украине, Польше и Литве. Исследованы вопросы комплектования музеев за счет изъятого церковного имущества. Проанализированы отдельные нормативные акты о национализации крупных собраний культурных ценностей и уникальных произведений искусства. Рассмотрены полномочия Наркомпроса, связанные с обращением культурных ценностей в пользу государства. Сделан вывод о том, что массовый экспорт этих ценностей, производившийся после 1922 г., способствовал возникновению лакун в собраниях музеев, что привело к перераспределению ценностей по структуре музейной сети, которое продолжалось в 1930-е гг. и позднее.The article is devoted to the study of the features of the acquisition of the state museum fund in the early years of Soviet power. The methodology included historical legal, formal legal methods, a method of legal interpretation combined with a set of methods used in historical science. The materials were the regulatory acts of the Soviet government issued in the period from 1917 to 1922 and related to the expropriation of cultural and other values, archival materials, studies of lawyers and historians of law. The starting point of the study was a detailed analysis of the definitions of forms and methods of expropriation of property, common in the early years of Soviet power. The factography of the events that make up the stages of the nationalization of the banking sector is disclosed, the actions of the Bolshevik leadership aimed at revising banking cells, mastering the reserves of precious metals are examined in detail. The transfer of cultural property to Ukraine, Poland, and Lithuania, which took place in the first years of Soviet power, was studied, and the range of values subject to such transfer was identified. The first steps of the Soviet government related to the acquisition of museums at the expense of seized church property are investigated, the categories of this property are determined, and the procedure for determining its value is considered. The content of individual regulatory acts on the nationalization of large collections of cultural property and unique works of art, in particular, art galleries, conservatories, private art collections, estates, individual valuable paintings, etc., has been studied in detail. The measures of the Soviet state on the nationalization of musical workshops, theater and circus property are described in sequence. Considerable attention is paid to the analysis of the powers of the Peoples Commissariat for Education in matters related to the turning of cultural property into the property of the state. The mechanisms of alienation of objects of art in the case of careless treatment or in the absence of proper protection are examined, measures regarding the registration of objects of art are analyzed. The actions of the state to identify objects of art that could be used for export purposes are analyzed. The author concludes that the massive sale of cultural property abroad, done after 1922, led to the appearance of gaps in museum collections. This caused a redistribution of values along the structure of the museum network, which continued into the 1930s and beyond.

Abstract Background Visual art training is a student-led approach using Western art pieces as the main teaching resources. It has been developed and applied in nursing and medical education in the United States. This study aimed to adapt visual art training to Chinese cultural context, then to compare the efficacy of the culturally-tailored visual art training versus traditional education on observational and diagnostic skills at 3-month follow-up among Chinese nursing students in master program. Methods This study included Phase 1 (cultural adaptation) and Phase 2 (3-month efficacy evaluation). It was conducted from June to September, 2019. In Phase 1, cultural barriers were identified and cultural adaptation strategy were made based on two focus group interviews. Phase 2 was a randomized controlled trial in a local museum. A total of 106 first-year nursing students in master program were randomized to the intervention group or the control group. Both groups received traditional education. In addition, intervention group received a visual art training (including a field-guided museum visit with observation and debriefing of Chinese oil paintings and clinical images, four teaching hours). Data were collected for both groups at baseline and 3-month follow-up on the observational and diagnostic skills measured by clinical image tests. Learning satisfaction with the visual art training was investigated among 53 intervention students and teaching satisfaction was done in 10 staff members by self-administered questionnaires. Results In phase 1, we adapted a culturally-tailored visual art training for nursing students in China. Observational skills of the intervention group increased significantly compared with the control group 3 months after the training (p < .001). A trend towards the improvement of diagnostic skills was indicated with increment of 2.92 points of the intervention group vs. 0.39 of the control group (p > .05). In general, all participants and staff were satisfied with the visual art training, especially the selected Chinese oil paintings and the student-led teaching process, but 34% (n = 18) were not satisfied with the long distance from the museum. Conclusions A culturally-tailored visual art training with great acceptability and feasibility was implemented in China. It had a sustained positive effect on improving the observational skills of Chinese nursing students. This study can be used for a reference to introduce visual art training to nursing students or nurses from other cultures. Trial registration Retrospectively registered in Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2000037956) on 4th September, 2020.

Insects make up over 70% of the world's known species (Resh and Carde 2009). This is well represented in collections across the world, with the Natural History Museum's pinned insect collection alone making up nearly 37% of the museum's remarkable 80 million specimen collection. Thus, this extraordinary dataset is a major focus of digitisation efforts here at the Museum. While hardware developments have seen digitisation processes significantly improve and speed up (Blagoderov et al. 2017), we now concentrate on the latest software and explore whether machine learning can lend a bigger hand in accelerating our digitisation of pinned insects. Traditionally, the digitisation of pinned specimens involves the removal of labels (as well as any supplementary specimen miscellanies) prior to photographing the specimen. In order to document labels, this process is typically followed by additional photographs of labels as the label documentation is often obstructed by their stacking on a pin, the specimen and additional specimen material, or the pin itself. However, these steps not only slow down the process of digitisation but also increase the risk of specimen damage. This encouraged the team at the Natural History Museum to develop a novel setup that would bypass the need for removing labels during digitisation. This led to the development of ALICE (Angled Label Image Capture and Extraction) (Dupont and Price 2019). ALICE is a multi-camera setup designed to capture images of angled specimens, which allows users to get a full picture of a specimen in a collection, including that of the label and the text within. Specifically, ALICE involves four cameras angled at different viewpoints in order to capture label information, as well as two additional cameras providing a lateral and dorsal view of the specimen. By viewing all the images taken from one specimen simultaneously, we can obtain a full account of the labels and of the specimen, despite any obstructions. This setup notably accelerates parts of the digitisation process, sometimes by up to 7 times (Price et al. 2019). Furthermore, ALICE presents the opportunity to incorporate machine learning and computer vision techniques to create a software that automates the process of transcribing the information contained on labels. Automatically transcribing text (whether typed or handwritten) from label images, leads to the topic of Optical Character Recognition (OCR). Regardless of any obstructions to the labels, standard OCR methods will often fail at detecting text from these angled specimens if no preprocessing is done. This was emphasised in Bieniecki et al. (2007), which showed that some standard OCR algorithms were highly sensitive to geometric distortions such as bad angles. Therefore, in our latest ALICE software, we take on a 5-step approach that segments labels and merges them together using machine learning and computer vision, before turning to standard OCR tools to transcribe texts. Our 5-step framework is described as follows: Label segmentation with Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), Label corner approximation, Perspective transformation of label, followed by image registration with a given template, Label-image merging using an averaging technique, OCR on merged label. Label segmentation with Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), Label corner approximation, Perspective transformation of label, followed by image registration with a given template, Label-image merging using an averaging technique, OCR on merged label. While ALICE aims to reveal specimen labels using a multi-camera setup, we ask ourselves whether an alternative approach can also be taken. This takes us to the next phase of our digitisation acceleration research on smarter cameras with cobots (collaborative robots) and the associated software. We explore the potential of a single camera setup that is capable of zooming into labels. Where intelligence was incorporated post-processing with ALICE, using cobots, we can incorporate machine learning and computer vision techniques in-situ, in order to extract label information. This all forms the focus of our presentation.

AbstractA large number of apex predator samples are available in European research collections, environmental specimen banks and natural history museums that could be used in chemical monitoring and regulation. Apex predators bioaccumulate pollutants and integrate contaminant exposure over large spatial and temporal scales, thus providing key information for risk assessments. Still, present assessment practices under the different European chemical legislations hardly use existing chemical monitoring data from top predators. Reasons include the lack of user-specific guidance and the fragmentation of data across time and space. The European LIFE APEX project used existing sample collections and applied state-of-the-art target and non-target screening methods, resulting in the detection of > 4,560 pollutants including legacy compounds. We recommend establishing infrastructures that include apex predators as an early warning system in Europe. Chemical data of apex species from freshwater, marine and terrestrial compartments should become an essential component in future chemical assessment and management across regulations, with the purpose to (1) validate registration data with ‘real world’ measurements and evaluate the predictability of current models; (2) identify and prioritise hazardous chemicals for further assessment; (3) use data on food web magnification as one line of evidence to assess biomagnification; (4) determine the presence of (bio)transformations products and typical chemical mixtures, and (5) evaluate the effectiveness of risk management measures by trend analysis. We highlight the achievements of LIFE APEX with regard to novel trend and mixture analysis tools and prioritisation schemes. The proposed advancements complement current premarketing regulatory assessments and will allow the detection of contaminants of emerging concern at an early stage, trigger risk management measures and evaluations of their effects with the ultimate goal to protect humans and the environment. This is the second policy brief of the LIFE APEX project.