Academic literature on the topic 'Mushroom Observer'

AbstractWe investigated the changes in the dynamics of radiocesium in wild forest mushrooms, mainly mycorrhizal fungi, in the University of Tokyo Forests in relation to soils during the 10 years following the Fukushima accident. Overall, there was a clear tendency for the 137Cs activity concentration to decrease over time in the O horizon. It seems that part of the 137Cs in the O horizon was transferred to the A or C/O horizon, but there was no clear continuous increase or decrease in the A or C/O horizon. A large difference in the temporal change of 137Cs concentration in mushrooms was observed, but in general, 137Cs was stably retained from the beginning, or partially decreased and then shifted to patterns of retention. Further analyses such as the ratio of 137Cs/134Cs corrected for decay, and the ratio of remaining pre-Fukushima 137Cs calculated from the ratio with 134Cs, 137Cs from the global fallout before the Fukushima accident due to the nuclear weapons test and Chernobyl accident is held in mushrooms and soil. In addition, while the 137Cs derived from the Fukushima accident is initially fluid and migrates relatively easily from the mushrooms and O horizon, the 137Cs from the global fallout tends to be firmly retained in the ecosystem.

Hydrocarbons are a source of soil contamination caused by spills and clandestine intakes. Among the friendliest restoration technologies is soil composting, a treatment considered as biostimulation, which works with cosustrates to develop microbial populations suitable for the degradation of the organic pollutants in question. This work evaluated the composting process of a diesel-contaminated soil (more than 21,000 mg TPH/kg soil, on a dry basis) using two different plant residues, as cosustrates: banana peels (Musa sp.) and common mushroom residues (Agaricus bisporus). Cells with oil/cosustrate mixture were built per duplicate at 1:0.5 ratio, which were given aeration twice a week and humidity was maintained at 30%. The process was carried out over eight weeks, with monitoring of the concentration of diesel and the microbial population. The diesel removal percentages at the end of the process were 79 and 95% for the soil/banana peel mixture and soil/mushroom residues, respectively. The largest removal was observed between the fourth and sixth weeks of the process for both cells, and the highest amount of microbial population was observed in the soil/banana peel mixture, although this was not the one with highest TPH removal. In addition, the microbial growth curve of the soil/mushroom residue mixture had a longer exponential growth phase than that of the banana soil/shell cell, so the latter is credited with the difference between removal percentages. In conclusion, soil composting using banana peel vegetable cosustrate or mushroom residues, can be considered as a feasible technology in the treatment of contaminated soils with high concentrations of diesel.

The present work carried out on cultivation of mushroom pluerotus floridaon sessam indicmand oryza sativa and estimation of heavy metals.The comparative study of yield and pinhead formation was observed.The time duration required for Pinhead formation (26) days recorded in straw of Oryza sativa and (14) days observed in straw of Sesamum indicum. The spawn running days (20) in noticed straw of Oryza sativa and (17) days’ straw of Sesamum indicum.The total yield of Pleurotus florida in the substrate of Sesamum indicum 810g and 790g observed in substrates straw of Oryza sativa

Nowadays, and considering the increasing pieces of evidence of health-promoting abilities of numerous food classes, a pronounced market pressure has been observed both in agricultural and biotechnological industries. Thus, while the development of functional foods seems to be conceived as an interesting trend with large market potential, the increasing demand and interest of sustainable food ingredients seems also promissory. In order to contribute to this approach, the proposal chapter will provides a comprehensive overview of the healthy and sustainable ingredients as edible mushrooms, legumes and bison emphasizing the characterization and application of those as natural ingredients in functional food products.

A school is a vulnerable place which is easily influenced by different activities that happen inside and outside the school. With the view to improving the quality of education, Rupantaran conducted participatory action research in a community school through creative teaching and learning methods. Transformative learning theory guided this study. The results of this study were observed at three levels: micro, meso, and macro levels. When teachers critically reflected, they had an inner transformation at the micro level. As a result of interventions, the teachers' pedagogy altered at meso level. Macro-level transformation occurred as the result of the intervention at school level. Establishment of gardening, urine-diversion toilets, pig, fish, and mushroom farming are examples of macro-level transformation. This study also discovered that students and instructors have the ability to affect the school community, which was possible through participatory action research. Thus, this study concludes that transformation is hard to achieve, and participatory action research is a means to bring transformation.

Elimination of animal-based products, often related to a vegetarian or vegan diet, is one of the most popular nutritional trends observed around the world. This chapter provides an overview of the assortment, market and consumption of various meat alternatives. Products replacing meat are made of various types of (mostly) plant-based raw materials including pulses/legumes, cereal proteins (mainly gluten), oilseeds, fungi (edible mushrooms) and algae; however, cultured meat and edible insects are also described. The market of meat alternatives was estimated at USD 10,11 billion in 2022 and is expected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of minimum 15% by 2030. Europe has the largest share (52%) of the global market followed by North America (27%), Asia Pacific (12%), Latin America (6%) and Middle East and Africa (4%). The top producers are Beyond Meat, Boulder Brands, Hain Celestia, Nestlé, Garden Protein International, Vivera, Lightlife Foods, Woolworths, Naturli’ Foods and Sainsbury’s. Despite the fact that vegetarians and vegans constitute 6.4% and 6% of global consumers, respectively, more and more people are willing to either reduce the consumption of meat (62%) or animal-origin (42%) products. This is due to the fact that the consumption of meat-free products plays a role in sustainable development considering multiple health, economic and environmental issues.

Introduction: As the supply of analogous foods increases, such as plant-based burgers (PBB), understanding their composition of essential minerals, particularly phosphorus (P), becomes crucial, as this information remains limited compared to meat-based burgers (MBB). Aim: To compare the total P content and its bioaccessibility in PBB (chickpea, mushroom, pea, and soybean) and MBB (beef), as well as estimate the contribution of these foods to the recommended daily intake (RDI) of P for children and adults. Methods: In vitro digestion followed the static method described by the INFOGEST protocol. The total and bioaccessible P content was determined using a validated sample preparation method and quantified by UV/Vis spectrophotometry. The RDI values were established by Brazilian Normative Instruction (IN) No. 75/2020. Results: Significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed in the total P content across different PBB, ranging from 94.94 to 261.72 mg/100 g. For MBB, the total P content ranged from 141.86 to 172.05 mg/100 g. Soybean and pea PBB showed a strong potential to meet the RDI for P, particularly in children aged 4–8 years, followed by adults aged 19 and older. P bioaccessibility in PBB ranged from 25% to 92%, while values for MBB consistently exceeded 80%. Conclusion: This study underscores the need to evaluate total and bioaccessible P in plant-based foods. The findings support enhanced nutritional labeling and inform public food policies, especially for vulnerable populations such as children and older people. Using a standardized digestion method improves data comparability and supports the development of nutritionally optimized PBB.

Abstract Journalism has seen a lot of changes over the period of time and therefore with the advent of digitalization there were some changes in the industry which were bound to happen. It is an inevitable journey. There are many digital ventures which are striving hard to make a mark in the industry. They are trying new ways of connecting with the fast-changing digital audience. It is not easy to create a niche in this booming sector, as this is a novel industry the idea as to how to develop a market and explore the uncharted spaces is relatively new to everyone. There has been an incessant trial by all new digital ventures and start-ups to understand the market and analyse the need of the hour. In this chapter, the author has taken into account some more digital journalism ventures who have garnered enough popularity. Some of them have really gotten into domains which are entirely new concepts especially in the digitalization era. Some others are attempting the hit and trial method. Some are trailblazers, while others are fairly good at what they do and they get their kind of audiences too. Some of them get the engagement more specific while others have a scattered audience. Let us understand how some of the digital ventures are exploring entertainment, journalism, technology, development news, and sensitive socio-cultural issues as the themes of their respective portals and how they are surviving or thriving as an entrepreneur. This penultimate chapter talks about the rise of other digital media organizations that have mushroomed in India. The chapter briefly covers organizations such as The Citizen, Khabar Lahariya, Editorji, SheThePeople, Gaon Connection, Newsclick, NEWJ, CGNet Swara, Indian Observer Post, How India Lives, The News Minute, Pulse India, OpIndia, Cobrapost, Catch News, POPxo, Asiaville, MediaCrooks, Homegrown, BlackMonk, Sportskeeda, Live Law, The New Indian, UnReal Times, The Hoot, and Peepli.

The NICRA project is being implemented in two villages viz., Chamua (since 2010–2011) and Ganakdalani (since 2012–2013 till 2016–2017), which are situated in the west of Lakhimpur district of North Bank Plains Zone of Assam. Chamua village is situated in Kherajkhat Mauza (Taluka), which is 45 km away from North Lakhimpur, the headquarter of district Lakhimpur. On the other hand, Ganakdoloni is situated at Dhalpur Mauza, situated 60 km away from North Lakhimpur and 15 km away from the local township Narayanpur. During 2017–2018 four villages viz., Jakaipelua, Borbali, Borkhet, and Nogaya were adopted under the project. Analysis of long-term rainfall data confirmed the significant decreasing trend of annual as well as monsoonal rainfall in both the Brahmaputra and Barak basins of Assam, India. Variability of rainfall has been increasing in terms of the increased frequency of high-intensity rains and the reduced number of rainy days, leading to localized flash floods and the occurrence of multiple dry spells. Mean season-wise rainfall 2011–2021 indicates long dry periods during the winter season, leading to prolonged dry spells affecting crop growth. About 69% of total rainfall (average annual rainfall of Assam is 2000 mm) is received during the monsoon season, resulting in flash floods leading to crop damage. Out of 12 years of investigation, 10 years are deficit years, resulting in crop stress both during the monsoon and post-monsoon period. Preparation and implementation of real-time crop contingencies are important in responding to weather aberrations in different strategies like preparedness, real-time response, etc. Identification of various adaptation strategies, including climate-resilient crops and cultivars, rainwater harvesting and recycling, efficient energy management through farm mechanization, dissemination of weather information, and weather-based agro-advisories to farmers in a real-time basis, is important adaptation technologies for building climate-resilient agriculture. The study showed that adaption of climate-resilient crop and cropping system and use of harvested rainwater resulted in a 12 to 30% increase in yield observed by the cultivation of high-yielding rice varieties (HYVs) (Ranjit, Gitesh, Mahsuri, etc.) when sown in time (before 15th June) over late sowing conditions (after 20th June). In the case of early season drought, replacement of long duration traditional varieties with short duration HYV and life-saving irrigation using harvested rainwater increased yield by about 59% (short duration var. Dishang) over non-irrigated fields. In case of mid-season and terminal drought, application of an additional dose of 22 kg ha−1 MOP at maximum tillering to grain growth period an increase in yield of about 33% (Ranjit), 32% (Gitesh), 64% (Shraboni), and 57.5% (Mulagabharu) has been observed over farmers’ practice. In highly flood-affected areas under lowland situations replacement of submergence tolerant varieties (Jalashree and Jalkuwari) with traditional deepwater rice varieties resulted in reduced crop loss due to the genetic trait of the deepwater rice, which can withstand water logging for a long period. With an increase in the level of mechanization through the use of machinery available in the custom hiring center the human and animal hour requirement for paddy cultivation was reduced from 795 to 350 hrha−1 and 353 to 23 hrha−1, respectively. Alternate land use in terms of low-cost poly house, vermicompost production, and mushroom cultivation also resulted in nutritional security and generation of higher income for the farmers