Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Music|Psychology|Clinical psychology'

This dissertation endeavors to explore and describe the lived experience of music therapists’ relationships with their clients as it develops in individual music therapy sessions. Music therapy literature, reviewed with particular attention to its treatment of the psychodynamic conceptualization of clinical relationship, suggests a shaky marriage between music therapy and psychoanalytic thought, and the experience of the music therapist in this landscape has not been studied. As its data, this study relies on semi-structured interviews with 7 music therapist volunteers who provide individual music therapy, focusing on their experience of emotion, interpersonal connection with their patients, and utility of psychodynamic concepts in that work. Idiographic and nomothetic analysis revealed 4 common themes in music therapists’ experience of clinical relationship, which belie an underlying sense of confusion and anxiety about important aspects of the work. The discussion of findings examines these themes in the context of the powerful impact music can have on the psyche, and makes recommendations regarding the inclusion of psychodynamic concepts in music therapy training. Keywords: music therapy, relationship, psychoanalysis, transference, countertransference, projective identification, boundaries

Given the lower verbal output in many children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), a number of interventions in English are available for them. However, currently there are no interventions specifically researched with children with ASD who come from different language backgrounds other than English. The present study examined the effect of an intonation-based treatment called auditory-motor mapping training (AMMT) to facilitate verbal output in two children with a diagnosis of ASD from Korean-speaking households. Both participated in a total of nine AMMT sessions in addition to four assessments over a 4-week period. A baseline assessment was conducted prior to the first treatment, and probe assessments were conducted after treatment session 3, 6, and 9. Each child's verbal production including consonants and vowels were measured. The results showed some improvements in the production of consonants and vowels over the treatment period; however, the differences were not significant. Although no statistically significant results were observed in this pilot study, more conclusive results may be observed in future studies adhering to the suggested recommendations.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Counseling and Educational Psychology, 2007.
Title from dissertation home page (viewed Sept. 26, 2008). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 69-02, Section: B, page: 1329. Adviser: Thomas L. Sexton.

This thesis examines the impact of music on people from a depth-psychological perspective and explores how music can deeply touch and change clients’ lives and allow for healing. In so doing, this thesis will contribute to increased understanding of the need for music therapeutically. Utilizing qualitative methodology and a hermeneutic approach, this thesis considers the significant impact of music on the body, brain, mind, spirituality, and emotions, and examines how music can be used as a healing power. The research question guiding this thesis is: How can music be used in a client’s therapeutic process to allow for the needed healing? The results explain what music therapy is and how it is used therapeutically, and how it promotes healing while bringing a greater understanding and appreciation for music therapy.

The purpose of this study was to explore treatment options for aggression-related disorders. Two activities were examined to validate their use as frustration-reduction techniques --yoga and therapeutic drumming. Twenty-two college students were randomly assigned to participate in one of three groups--yoga, drumming, or silence (control)--following experimentally-induced frustration using a computerized Stroop color-word technique. Self-reported emotion levels and physiological responses were tracked at baseline, post-frustration, and post-treatment to measure responses to treatment. Results indicate that self-reported frustration levels were significantly reduced in all experimental groups, but physiologic responses showed no significant changes. A Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) indicated no significant difference in lowered frustration for any of the treatment groups, suggesting that they are equally effective. These results also suggest that the passage of time may be key to successful emotion regulation. Further study should examine control variables and methodology to identify other factors that may be involved in regulating aggressive emotions.

Considerable attention has been paid to the impacts of disasters on affected populations, with special attention to disaster mental health on vulnerable populations. When Hurricane Katrina struck New Orleans in 2005, 80% of the city was flooded forcing a mandatory evacuation. At-risk and marginalized communities are the most vulnerable to the impacts of this disaster. The musicians of New Orleans are representative of such a community, and are dispersed across the city representing a wide range of disaster experiences. The experiences of musicians as an at-risk community in a disaster context across evacuation, displacement, and returning to the city have significant impacts on mental health and stress, but also on the social and cultural aspects of life as a musician. While being a member of an at-risk population increases vulnerability to the impact of a disaster, some musicians have proven resilient. This study sought to better understand the factors of resilient musicians in an effort to better inform how to assist this socially and culturally important population in subsequent disasters. Using a Variable-Generating Activity (VGA), 10 musicians were interviewed about their lived experiences before, during and after Hurricane Katrina to create items for a scale of musician resilience. Musicians were nominated as being resilient from a list of 502 musician contacts from the New Orleans Musicians Assistance Foundation, a 501(c)3 organization dedicated to assisting musicians since Hurricane Katrina. The VGA uses qualitative tenets of triangulation in videotaped interviews of musicians to identify factors associated with musician resilience. Analysis of the musician interviews yielded 155 original truisms associated with factors of musician risk and resilience in a post-Katrina context. 28 truisms were removed as duplicates or redundant, leaving 127 unique truisms spanning the themes of the musician experience including: Risk Factors, Stress and Mental Health; Protective Factors; Social Support; Psychological Impact of Music; and, Community Connection and Mentoring. Discussion of findings supported previous research on musicians, disaster mental health, and associated topics of disaster resilience, including community connection, social support, access to resources, and personal interpretation of disaster outcomes. This study further supports the appropriateness of Conservation of Resources as a useful model with at-risk populations affected by disaster.

Listening to music is an activity that provides a range of physical and psychological benefits (e.g., tension relief, decreased depression) for people across cultures and age groups. Adolescents, specifically, are among the most active consumers of music, and music appears to be a natural coping strategy for this age group. Research suggests that both music and the family context play important roles during the developmental phase of adolescence. Family transitions such as divorce have become increasingly common experiences for adolescents and may have long-lasting negative effects on an adolescent’s emotional well-being. However, research regarding music-based interventions for use with adolescents experiencing family conflicts or transitions is limited. Thus, this project involved the creation of a resource manual designed to help mental health professionals implement music-based interventions in their work with adolescents coping with family conflict or parental divorce. The development of the manual was informed by a review of the literature about music therapy, adolescents, and families, as well as by questionnaires completed by three certified music therapists, and this author’s own clinical experiences. The data was then integrated and synthesized into a comprehensive resource manual, which was evaluated by three clinicians who are not trained music therapists for its efficacy, relevance, and user-friendliness. Feedback for the manual was collected via an evaluation form. Results indicated that the manual may be a useful supplemental tool for mental health professionals. Strengths, weaknesses, and suggestions for improvement are also discussed.

A quasi-experimental, pre-test post-test study was conducted to examine the effects of sedative music on the perception of dyspnea intensity, respiratory rate, pulse rate and oxyhemoglobin saturation level of clients with Chronic Obstructive Airway Disease (COAD). Data was collected on a convenience sample of 10 subjects who acted as their own control. After a six minutes walk, each subject was randomly exposed to a treatment (listening to music for 20 minutes) and to a control (resting for 20 minutes) situation. A series of paired t-tests was performed to analyze the data. Results indicated that the mean pulse rate and mean respiratory rate were significantly lower after listening to music than after resting only. Correlational analysis indicated that the perceived intensity of dyspnea is positively correlated with pulse and respiratory rates, and negatively correlated with oxygen saturation level. Encouraging clients with COAD to listen to music is a supplemental nursing intervention aiming at reducing dyspnea perception, pulse and respiratory rates.

Music Therapy
Ph.D.
Several studies have investigated the psychosocial impact of breast cancer, however, there is a paucity of research examining interventions geared towards breast cancer survivors. This study investigated the effects of group music psychotherapy on improving the self-concept of breast cancer survivors. Eleven breast cancer survivors where randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups - group music psychotherapy or a cognitive behavioral based support group. Pre and post intervention comparisons were made using the Body Image After Breast Cancer Scale and the Tennessee Self-Concept Scale on measures of identity, role performance, self-esteem, and body image. After ten weeks, results from the Wilcoxon U test indicated participants in the music psychotherapy group significantly improved on measures on identity, family role relationships, self-esteem, and body image. Furthermore, as compared to participants in the cognitive behavioral support group, participants in group music psychotherapy improved on measures of identity, role relationships, and body image. Implications and suggestions for further research are discussed.
Temple University--Theses

The Psychotherapeutic Effects of American Indian Traditions Such As Singing, Drumming, Dancing and Storytelling is a thesis comparing the Western Psychotherapeutic view of these activities with the American Indian Literature concerning those artistic actions as well as the American Indian oral tradition and healing ceremonies of the Tlingit, Iroquois, and Sioux and some other Tribes of North American. At different times, some more historic, the two cultural views appear to have many similar psychotherapeutic analyses attesting to the healing qualities of singing, drumming, dancing, and storytelling.

The widespread prevalence of depression throughout the world, across a variety of demographics, stresses the importance of examining different ways of coping with the affliction. This paper provides a background of different theories of coping with depression and it reviews how therapeutic songwriting, a form of active music therapy, can work as a highly effective method of coping with depression. The review indicates that therapeutic songwriting can be a successful coping mechanism through its positive influence as a primary and secondary control engagement coping strategy. Furthermore, songwriting acts as an adaptive distractor and emotion regulator, and has a positive impact on self-esteem and subsequently self-compassion. Additional benefits of therapeutic songwriting are discussed such as its time effectiveness and its ability to act as a therapy motivator and a psychoeducational tool. The findings indicate a need for future research to examine original therapeutic songwriting, in which the therapy-participant creates both original music and lyrics with the guidance of the therapist, as a potentially successful treatment for depression.

Music Therapy
Ph.D.
The purpose of this study was to solicit information from Fellows of the Association for Music and Imagery concerning their use of the method known as Guided Imagery and Music (GIM). Modifications to the individual and group forms of GIM that were created by Helen Bonny in the 1970s have been reported in the literature over the past 30 years, but the prevalence of these practices is unknown. Based on distinctions provided by Bruscia (2002a), an anonymous electronic survey was designed to gather data on the extent to which original and modified forms of GIM found in the literature are currently practiced. In addition, data were gathered on the basic demographics of GIM fellows, as well as characteristics of their clients and their delivery of GIM treatment. Results indicated that the original Bonny Method practices were frequently used by a majority of GIM fellows. All of the modifications included in the survey were also practiced, although less frequently than original Bonny Method practices. T-tests and ANOVAs were computed to identify significant differences between GIM fellows' use of practices, and, their demographics and delivery of GIM treatment. Pearson correlations were computed to identify significant relationships between GIM fellows' use of practices and their clients' characteristics. A number of significant results were found and discussed. Results of factor analyses indicated that the boundary distinctions between the original Bonny Method and modified practices as articulated by Bruscia (2002a) are reflected in GIM fellows' frequency ratings for these practices. It is recommended that the GIM community adopt a system for distinguishing boundaries between practices, conduct research to determine where Bonny Method and modified practices are learned and for what purposes they are used, and to use this information to inform GIM training and practice.
Temple University--Theses

O presente trabalho teve como proposta investigar a maneira como a música aparece no modo de ser de uma professora de piano em diálogo com sua aluna (pesquisadora). As questões motivadoras foram referentes aos fenômenos psíquicos envolvidos no surgimento do si mesmo e de como a música pode promover tal acontecimento, assim como a importância da cultura na constituição do ser humano pelo vértice da música. Para viabilizar tal investigação, trabalhou-se com a biografia da professora de piano em conversas espontâneas entre a dupla professora aluna/pesquisadora, que eram posteriormente relatadas pela pesquisadora em narrativas que tratavam da memória dessas conversas, entretecidas com comentários e reflexões teóricas dos temas levantados. Desta forma, o trabalho foi realizado sob uma perspectiva dialógica e escrito ao redor de núcleos temáticos. Procurou-se abordar o tema da memória, da importância do encontro professor-aluno, o tema da percepção da realidade dentro do conceito que a fenomenologia chamou de fenômenos hiléticos, bem como o tema da música como parte do idioma pessoal, conceito desenvolvido por Gilberto Safra. Discute-se então o papel da música como propiciadora de experiências que podem conectar o ser humano com o que foi chamado de memória do originário, curando adoecimentos decorrentes das chamadas fraturas éticas que descaracterizam a própria condição humana no mundo contemporâneo
The present work intends to investigate how music appears in the way of being of a pianos teacher in dialogue with her student (researcher). The motivating questions were those connected with the psychic phenomena involved in the constitution of self and how music can promote such event, as well as the importance of culture in the constitution of human being from music perspective. The investigation was based on the pianos teacher biography and was made from spontaneous conversations between teacher and student/researcher. These conversations were then registered by the researcher, compounding a narrative with the memory of such conversations enriched with comments and further theoretical reflections. In this way, the present work was realized using a dialogic perspective and written around thematic cores. The following themes were discussed: memory, the importance of teacher-student meeting, the perception of reality and the hyletics phenomena, and the theme of music as a part of the personal idiom, concept developed by Gilberto Safra. In the end, the role of music is discussed and considered as a field of experiences capable of connecting human being to the so-called memory of the originary. In this way, music can cure from the ethical breaks that threaten the human condition itself in the contemporary world

The intersection of Asian American identity and illicit substance use is greatly understudied in psychological literature, especially with matters of mental health and drug use being stigmatized by Asian cultural norms. However, with an increasingly alarming number of fatal drug overdoses by Asian Americans at electronic dance music (EDM) events, attention must be drawn to the needs of this unique population. The present study characterizes this community by drawing from data of 1,290 Asian American young adults who participate in the EDM scene. This study also hypothesizes the impact of acculturative stress and feelings of social belonging on MDMA usage patterns. Analysis reveals a population of largely East and Southeast Asian, 2nd generation, college-educated young adults with strikingly high usage rates of MDMA, an illicit drug linked to the EDM scene. Multiple regression models were created that could predict MDMA use through various measures related to acculturative stress and social belonging. Findings revealed the significant impact of acculturation, acculturative stress, mental health, peer relationships, and desires for social belonging on this population’s MDMA usage patterns, providing an important platform from which future research may launch much-needed additional studies of Asian American young adults and illicit drug use.

Music performance anxiety (MPA) is a common problem in musicians of all ages, genders, socio-economic backgrounds, and levels of performance experience. The intensity of symptoms associated with the condition range from mild to debilitating. Even at lower levels, chronic MPA is associated with stress-related illnesses and maladaptive coping behaviors, such as self-medication with licit (cigarettes and alcohol) and illicit or off-label drugs. Acute MPA is known to destroy musical careers.

Faced with the pervasiveness and potential gravity of MPA, clinicians have developed a number of nonpharmacologic treatment protocols, some of which have been studied for efficacy. Most of the outcome studies have reported pairwise comparisons (experimental versus control) of measures taken of small samples of performing musicians. The robustness of the treatment was determined by tests of statistical significance of observed differences on outcome measures or by the calculation of effect size.

Previous narrative reviews of outcome studies have provided summary descriptions of their characteristics and findings. However, these analyses do not provide quantitative evidence of the efficacy of different treatments for ameliorating MPA.

Since it was first employed in psychological research by Smith and Glass in 1977, meta-analysis has become the gold standard for synthesizing quantitative research findings across studies. The method involves integration of standardized treatment effect estimates from different studies. It can provide comparisons of the effectiveness of subgroups of therapies (approaches), characterize a therapeutic approach in terms of an outcome profile, and determine whether a particular psychotherapeutic intervention is effective. The present review is the first to use meta-analysis to integrate the findings of research studies in the literature on nonpharmacologic psychotherapies for MPA and to compare their effectiveness.

An exhaustive search of the literature identified 46 efficacy studies. Of these, 29 met the criteria for inclusion in the meta-analysis. The accumulated data represents autonomic, self-report, and observational measures of MPA for 852 advanced music students and professional musicians. Each measure was coded for type (autonomic, self-report or observational) and for therapeutic approach (cognitive, behavioral, complementary and alternative, and combined). Analysis of the synthesized data indicated statistically significant therapeutic effects of each therapeutic approach. Additionally, when the approaches were compared, the class of psychotherapies that was made of combinations of two or more types of interventions (combined) showed the strongest treatment effect.

Among the implications of these findings is the plurality of good choices for an individual suffering with MPA. The development of programs to raise awareness of the prevalence of music performance anxiety and available treatments is recommended. For researchers, greater standardization in methodology and periodic meta-analysis is encouraged.

Psychologists across disciplines have examined narcissistic phenomena for over a century. Through the lenses of social constructivism and depth psychology, this dissertation illuminates the clinical psychological implications of narcissistic phenomena in American culture through an archival, phenomenological analysis of a specific cultural artifact: the lyrics of contemporary popular music. The importance of music and its critical, co-creating relationship with culture was also emphasized, and the history of narcissistic phenomena, music, and psychology were examined to lay the ground for an archival phenomenological psychological approach. An adaptation of Garza’s (2004; 2011) phenomenological thematic collative procedure was performed on the lyrics of five songs selected annually (between 2009 to 2013) for their cultural significance and potential for revealing narcissistic phenomena. The procedure for analyzing the data revealed a total of 40 thematic threads that were hermeneutically reduced into five primary interrelated categories grounded in the centrality of the speaker’s subjectivity. In each of the archived texts, the data revealed that the speaker was primarily engaged in a project to be above and apart from others. This project was sustained and maintained by the centrality of the speaker’s subjectivity. The hermeneutically reduced, distinct, related thematic threads were referenced and further elaborated upon in a cumulative thematic narrative that disclosed the horizons of narcissistic phenomena in our culture as revealed through popular, contemporary music. A depth psychological approach illuminated and acknowledged the existential crises of narcissistic phenomena, particularly emptiness and meaninglessness, through implicitly trusting that the patient’s own symptomology contains within it the rhizome of healing and wholeness, thus fostering the clinician’s genuine curiosity in the patient, which in turn may allow the patient finally to foster genuine curiosity in themselves, to begin to relate with themselves, and to develop an interest in empathically relating with other human beings.

Music Therapy
Ph.D.
The purpose of this study was to investigate North American professional music therapists' perceptions and use of singing voice assessment. The focus was on a general population of music therapists who may or may not specialize in the use of singing as a clinical instrument. The researcher designed an online survey to gather music therapists' perceptions about the frequency with which they use singing voice assessment with clients, the singing voice parameters they assess and the clinical interpretations they make. Participants' demographic information was gathered and analyzed according to their responses. It was expected that these therapists would vary in their training and education, singing background and clinical context. Three hundred and thirty-five North American music therapists with a music therapist-accredited (MTA) or music therapist-board-certified (MT-BC) designation participated in the study, for an overall response rate of 13.9%. Results were analyzed using frequencies, proportions indicating association with Wilson Confidence Limits, Logistic Regression Models, Firth's Estimation, Tukey-Kramer adjusted-p levels and 95% confidence limits. Results indicated that a majority of participants assessed client singing at the beginning of therapy and periodically or regularly afterwards, paying attention to singing voice parameters of breathing and breath-support, freedom versus tension, vocal range, vocal tone quality, and/or pitch control. Results also indicated that a majority of participants used one or more of these parameters as a basis for interpretations about affect, personality characteristics, internal psychological processes, developmental stage, and/or psychopathological states. There were statistically-significant associations between therapists' primary clinical population and frequency of singing voice assessment performed; therapists' primary clinical population and singing voice parameters assessed; and therapists' primary theoretical orientation and singing voice parameters assessed. Results of this study suggest that music therapists in this sample were assessing and interpreting client singing even if some of these therapists had no specialized advanced training in the clinical assessment and interpretation of singing. Furthermore, it appears that music therapists in this study were paying attention to the same kinds of vocal parameters and made the same kinds of clinical interpretations as those featured in the clinical literature. Finally, it appears that voice assessment is not associated with a particular population. Future research should explore the impact of a client and therapist's background with singing on the clinical singing voice assessment. Future research should also explore the role singing voice assessment may play in different clinical contexts and the differential meanings that may be gleaned in these different contexts. There is also evidence within to support future development and validation of a vocal assessment tool.
Temple University--Theses

From the perspective of acculturation stress theory, the historical background of Iranian immigrants is visited in this dissertation, as well as different types of acculturation strategies that are being utilized by immigrants. This research study addresses the impacts of inadequate access to and underutilization of mental health services on the psychosocial wellbeing of Iranian families, and the lack of appropriate interventions due to ongoing stress, such as economic hardships. Furthermore, the usefulness of several inexpensive and accessible stress-reduction techniques in reestablishing psychophysiological relaxation is examined. It is noted that, in spite of their long history, such techniques are not widely recognized as effective coping skills in response to stress-inducing immigration experiences. In addition, the relaxation qualities of music are reviewed, revealing consistent therapeutic effects and significant relaxation responses elicited in the listeners. The purpose of this applied research study was to develop a proposed Hindustani music-assisted multimodal guided relaxation intervention designed to lower stress and particularly, acculturation stress experienced by Iranian families. An evaluation of the program's efficacy by validity judges concluded that this program is potentially effective for inducing relaxation responses in the listeners.

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Individuals with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), besides having to stay on treatment by hemodialysis (HD) for four hours, three times a week, also undergo important changes in their way of life, in family and social relationships that culminate with the impairment of their quality of life (QoL) and they re also at higher risk of depression. Similar to what is already being done in several countries of Europe, we believe that the intervention of musicians specially trained to work in hospitals and other health care areas (Músicos do Elo) would be a humanizing strategy for the individual with CKD in HD which could result in improvement of these adverse conditions. Objective: To identify the possible influence that the performance of the Músicos do Elo during HD sessions produced in QoL, in parameters of depression and in the subjective sense of well-being of patients undergoing HD at Centro de Diálise e Transplante Renal (CDTR) in Sorocaba, SP. Methods: The study included 24 patients, 18 years or older, on hemodialysis for more than 6 months at CDTR. Of these, 12 patients were included on control group (no intervention) and 12 patients underwent the intervention of the Músicos do Elo for five months on regular HD sessions on Saturdays. We evaluated the QOL by the questionnaire Kidney Disease and Quality of Life - Short Form (SF-KDQOL ) - v.1.3 and state of depression by the Hamilton scale - The Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D). Also, was applied to the patients an open questionnaire to assess how they accept and how the intervention affects their lives, and the speeches of the interviewees were submitted to thematic analysis and then to the technical analysis of the Collective Subject Discourse (Lefèvre). Results: We observed favorable changes in QoL in the intervention group. Markers of depression were high in both groups, with a significant improvement in the intervention group only. Patients fully approved and expressed positive feelings during and after the intervention (attention, host interaction, family ties, pleasant memories). We conclude therefore that the humanizing intervention proposed by Músicos do Elo brought improvements to the environment and to the QoL and well-being of patients with chronic renal failure on hemodialysis
Indivíduos com doença renal crônica (DRC), além de terem que se submeter ao tratamento por hemodiálise (HD) durante 4 horas, 3 vezes por semana, sofrem mudanças importantes no seu modo de vida, nas relações familiares e sociais que culminam com o comprometimento de sua qualidade de vida (QV) maior risco de depressão. À semelhança do que já vem sendo realizado em vários países da Europa, é presumível que a intervenção de músicos especialmente capacitados para atuar no ambiente hospitalar e em outras áreas de cuidados (Músicos do Elo) seria uma estratégia humanizadora para o indivíduo com DRC em HD, que poderia resultar em melhora destas condições adversas. Objetivo: identificar as possíveis influências que a atuação dos Músicos do Elo, durante as sessões de HD, produziu na QV, nos parâmetros de depressão e na sensação subjetiva de bem estar dos pacientes submetidos à HD no Centro de Diálise e Transplante Renal (CDTR) de Sorocaba, SP. Métodos: Participaram do estudo 24 pacientes, maiores de 18 anos que realizavam hemodiálise há mais de 6 meses no CDTR. Destes, 12 pacientes formaram o grupo controle (sem intervenção) e 12 pacientes sofreram a intervenção dos Músicos do Elo, por 5 meses, nas sessões regulares de HD aos sábados. Avaliamos a QV pelo questionário Kidney Disease and Quality of Life Short Form (KDQOL-SF ) v.1.3 e o estado de depressão pela escala de Hamilton The Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D). Foi aplicado aos pacientes um questionário aberto para avaliar a receptividade e os efeitos da intervenção e as falas dos entrevistados foram submetidas à análise temática e depois à técnica de Análise do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo (Lefèvre). Resultados: Observamos modificações favoráveis na QV no grupo que sofreu intervenção. Os marcadores de depressão mostraram-se altos em ambos os grupos, com significativa melhora apenas no grupo intervenção. Os pacientes aprovaram plenamente e expressaram sentimentos positivos durante e após a intervenção (atenção, acolhimento, interação, laços familiares, memórias agradáveis). Concluímos desta forma que a intervenção humanizadora proposta pelos Músicos do Elo trouxe melhorias para o ambiente e para a QV e bem estar dos pacientes renais crônicos em hemodiálise

abstract: There is a lack of music therapy services for college students who have problems with depression and/or anxiety. Even among universities and colleges that offer music therapy degrees, there are no known programs offering music therapy to the institution's students. Female college students are particularly vulnerable to depression and anxiety symptoms compared to their male counterparts. Many students who experience mental health problems do not receive treatment, because of lack of knowledge, lack of services, or refusal of treatment. Music therapy is proposed as a reliable and valid complement or even an alternative to traditional counseling and pharmacotherapy because of the appeal of music to young women and the potential for a music therapy group to help isolated students form supportive networks. The present study recruited 14 female university students to participate in a randomized controlled trial of short-term group music therapy to address symptoms of depression and anxiety. The students were randomly divided into either the treatment group or the control group. Over 4 weeks, each group completed surveys related to depression and anxiety. Results indicate that the treatment group's depression and anxiety scores gradually decreased over the span of the treatment protocol. The control group showed either maintenance or slight worsening of depression and anxiety scores. Although none of the results were statistically significant, the general trend indicates that group music therapy was beneficial for the students. A qualitative analysis was also conducted for the treatment group. Common themes were financial concerns, relationship problems, loneliness, and time management/academic stress. All participants indicated that they benefited from the sessions. The group progressed in its cohesion and the participants bonded to the extent that they formed a supportive network which lasted beyond the end of the protocol. The results of this study are by no means conclusive, but do indicate that colleges with music therapy degree programs should consider adding music therapy services for their general student bodies.
Dissertation/Thesis
M.M. Music Therapy 2013

This study examines how traumatized individuals have experienced some healing from trauma using music, on their own. Its significance is in its unique findings, contributing to the extensive body of trauma literature. Qualitative methodology and thematic analysis were used in this study. Five individuals who had experienced traumatic events took part in narrative interviews and were asked to tell the story of how they used music as part of their healing journey. Findings show use of music to emotionally regulate, to cope, and to connect and disconnect from people. Further research in the field is suggested including investigating professional musician’s music use to heal from trauma, music’s role in healing depression, and possible crisis intervention use of music.

Un nombre croissant d’études indique que les interventions musicales (IMs) ont des effets bénéfiques sur les enfants et adolescents atteints d’un trouble du spectre de l’autisme (TSA). À ce jour, aucune revue systématique utilisant une approche méta-analytique n’a investigué l’efficacité des IMs sur trois des symptômes prédominants du TSA, soit le fonctionnement social, les comportements mal-adaptés et le langage. Dans ce mémoire, tous les 17 articles scientifiques comparant les IMs à des interventions non-musicales (INMs) ont été décrits systématiquement et évalués selon les lignes directrices de CONSORT. Onze études répondaient aux critères d’inclusion des présentes méta-analyses, chacune rapportant des mesures d’évaluations longitudinales ou d’évaluations pendant les sessions. Les résultats des méta-analyses ont démontré un bénéfice des IMs chez le TSA, particulièrement pour les mesures des comportements sociaux mal-adaptés. Une comparaison entre les IMs et les INMs indiquait un avantage pour les IMs comparément aux INMs en ce qui concerne les comportements sociaux, mais aucun avantage pour les comportements mal-adaptés non-sociaux et le langage. La revue systématique a révélé des lacunes méthodologiques des études évaluées, telles que des tailles d’échantillons restreintes, des durées et intensités d’interventions limitées, un manque d’information à propos des échantillons et des critères d’appariement, puis le biais d’attrition. La combinaison de cette revue systématique et des méta-analyses a permis une mise à jour de l’évaluation des preuves de l’efficacité des IMs pour les jeunes ayant un TSA, ainsi que de donner des recommandations aux chercheurs et cliniciens afin d’améliorer la pratique dans ce domaine.
There is considerable interest in using music interventions (MIs) to address core impairments present in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). An increasing number of studies suggest that MIs have positive outcomes in this population, but no systematic review employing meta-analysis to date has investigated the efficacy of MIs across three of the predominant symptoms in ASD, specifically social functioning, maladaptive behaviors and language impairments. In this thesis, all available peer-reviewed studies (n = 17) comparing active MIs to non-music interventions (NMIs) were systematically summarized and evaluated using quality assessment based on the CONSORT statement. Eleven studies fulfilled inclusion criteria for meta-analysis, which differentiated between within-session and longitudinal outcomes. The quantitative analyses results supported the effectiveness of MI in ASD, and particularly for measures sensitive to social maladaptive behaviors. Comparing between MI and NMI, the results were generally suggestive of benefits of MI over NMI for social outcomes, but did not find benefits for non-social maladaptive behaviors or language outcomes. The systematic review revealed important methodological issues present in these studies, such as small sample sizes, restricted durations and intensities of interventions, missing sample information and matching criteria, and attrition bias. Together, the combined systematic review and meta-analyses provided an up-to-date evaluation of the evidence for MI’s benefits in ASD children and provide key recommendations for future clinical interventions and research about best practice in the domain.