Dissertations / Theses: 'Musical perception and cognition'

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Carrabré, Ariel. "Understanding Schenkerian Analysis from the Perspective of Music Perception and Cognition." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/32850.

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This thesis investigates the perceptual and cognitive reality of Schenkerian theory through a survey of relevant empirical research. It reviews existing Schenkerian-specific empirical research, examines general tonal research applicable to Schenkerian analysis, and proposes the possibility of an optimal empirical research method by which to explore the theory. It evaluates data dealing with musical instruction’s effect on perception. From this review, reasonable evidence for the perceptual reality of Schenkerian-style structural levels is found to exist. This thesis asserts that the perception of Schenkerian analytical structures is largely an unconscious process.

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Granzow, John, and University of Lethbridge Faculty of Arts and Science. "Ventriloquial dummy tones : embodied cognition of pitch direction." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Dept. of Psychology, c2010, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/2558.

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Tone pairs constructed with the frequencies of the overtones moving in opposition to the missing fundamental frequencies they imply, produce expertise differences in the tracking of pitch direction. One interpretation of this result is that it arises as a function of rudimentary differences in the perceptual systems of musicians and non-musicians. Several experiments suggest instead a more embodied source of expertise to be found in vocal mediation such that the effect of musical experience in these tasks is the result of the most salient action of musicians: making sound. x, 87 leaves : ill. ; 29 cm

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Wise, Karen J. "Understanding 'tone deafness' : A multi-componential analysis of perception, cognition, singing and self-perceptions in adults reporting musical difficulties." Thesis, Keele University, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.502980.

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Moreno, Sala María Teresa. "The influence of perceptual shift, cognitive abilities and environmental factors on young children's development of absolute and relative pitch perception /." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=85941.

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The main purpose of the present study was to investigate whether a shift from absolute to relative pitch perception occurs during early childhood. Other factors that can influence the development of absolute pitch, such as cognitive abilities and the child's environment were examined. Young children completed (n=88): (1) a variety of pitch tasks (absolute and relative pitch tests) prior to and after two months of focused instruction on absolute and relative pitch, (2) tests of cognitive abilities, and (3) a questionnaire gathering information about family musical environment. The results indicate that a shift from absolute to relative perception occurs between the ages of 5 and 7. Children younger than six demonstrated limited ability to perform relational tasks such as ordering bells, identifying transposed intervals, and comparing pitches. However, they memorized target pitches better than the older children, matched target tones on the xylophone and sang newly learned songs in their original key more often than did the older children. Older children benefited to a larger extent from the training on relative pitch. Cognitive and spatial abilities were related to absolute pitch development: children who identified pitches better had a more sequential and a less simultaneous way of processing information. Family musical environment seems to have influenced the development of absolute pitch. Implications for the acquisition of absolute pitch are discussed.

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Villa, de Almeida André Luis. "Réflexions interdisciplinaires sur la perception et la cognition musicales." Paris 8, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA083907.

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Basée sur une approche interdisciplinaire, cette recherche suggère que l’activité perceptive engagée dans l’écoute musicale est constitutive du phénomène sonore et, par conséquent, profondément impliquée dans la construction de notre monde musical. Une construction qui s’effectue fondamentalement par la caractérisation intentionnelle des attributs de tels phénomènes selon la récurrence des actions interactives et la production de l’émergence de certains aspects qui en sont privilégiés. Je suggère que cette production d’aspects attributifs change, tout comme la construction et le développement des faits scientifiques, selon les différentes théories de la connaissance, les supplantations des paradigmes, les transformations des contextes socioculturels et les modifications dans des styles de pensée partagés collectivement. Des changements qui ont lieu suite à une multiplicité d’interactions entre les sujets qui partagent de tels espaces de rencontres. Des espaces qui sont en constante rénovation selon les situations où se présentent les actions d’écoute. Ainsi, dans les situations d’écoute, l’auditeur se place toujours à partir d’une « perspective » : un style d’écoute. Un style qui est partagé par un collectif socioculturel. Les styles d’écoute collectifs dotent le sonore – en tant que support matériel – de valeurs, de fonctions et de formes symboliques qui semblent parfois acquérir de caractères objectifs. C’est dans ce sens que les transformations technologiques, épistémologiques, sociétales, culturelles et autres finissent pour agir comme des leviers pour déclancher des métamorphoses dans ce que nous nous accordons – ou pas – en percevoir comme étant le sonore musical Based on a interdisciplinary approach, this research suggests that perceptual activity engaged in listening to music constitutes the phenomenon of sound and, consequently, is deeply involved in the construction of our musical world. A construction that occurs fundamentally by intentional characterization of attributes of phenomena by the recurrence of interactive actions and the production of the emergence of some aspects which are privileged. I suggest that this production of attributive aspects, just like as the construction and development of scientific facts, change according to the different theories of knowledge, the replacement of paradigms, the transformations in socio-cultural contexts and the modifications in thinking styles shared collectively. Changes that taking place due to a multiplicity of interactions between the subjects who share such meeting spaces. Spaces that are in constant renewal according to the situations where occur the listening actions. Thus, in the listening situations, the listener place himself always from a “perspective”: a listening style. A style that is shared by different cultural group. These collectives listening styles endow the sound – as material carrier – of values, functions and symbolic forms that sometimes seem to acquire objective characteristics. It is in this sense that transformations technological, epistemological, societal, cultural and other, finish by to act as levers to trigger metamorphosis in what we agree – or not – to perceive as the musical sound

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Lima, Letícia Dias de [UNESP]. "Percepção musical e cognição: abordagem de aspectos rítmicos no treinamento auditivo." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/154736.

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Submitted by Letícia Dias De Lima (leticiadiaspiano@gmail.com) on 2018-07-27T12:25:02Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_Pós Defesa PDF.pdf: 3477366 bytes, checksum: 1926c33d823bc289e6209d7eb09bec8e (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Laura Mariane de Andrade null (laura.andrade@ia.unesp.br) on 2018-07-27T18:50:31Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 lima_ld_me_ia.pdf: 3477366 bytes, checksum: 1926c33d823bc289e6209d7eb09bec8e (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-27T18:50:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 lima_ld_me_ia.pdf: 3477366 bytes, checksum: 1926c33d823bc289e6209d7eb09bec8e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-06-29 O objetivo deste trabalho é investigar as relações entre a percepção do ritmo musical e os métodos de treinamento auditivo utilizados na graduação em música das universidades estaduais de São Paulo. A ferramenta principal desta pesquisa são teorias e experimentos na área da cognição musical. Este é um campo que investiga as formas de aquisição, processamento e organização de informações; ou seja, atividades cognitivas relacionadas ao conhecimento. Abordamos, sob este ponto de vista, aspectos da percepção rítmica, do desenvolvimento cognitivo e do ensino e aprendizado da música. Primeiramente, são discutidos os conceitos de pulsação, acento, metro, ritmo e agrupamento, e os processos perceptivos neles envolvidos. Contextualizamos estas questões ao discorrer sobre o desenvolvimento cognitivo e aspectos do aprendizado e da memória. Por fim, buscamos compreender como a percepção rítmica é trabalhada pelos métodos utilizados na disciplina de Percepção Musical nas universidades mencionadas. As avaliações realizadas mostram que os métodos selecionados não trabalham a percepção rítmica diretamente, pois não levam o aluno a desenvolver os processos perceptivos da forma como eles ocorrem na escuta e prática interpretativa real da música. Eles se encaixam em um modelo mecanicista de ensino, em que o aprendizado consiste em treino e prática repetida de exercícios cujo foco é a emissão – em oposição à percepção – musical. A falta de aprofundamentos teóricos, da discussão de conceitos, da contextualização musical, e da abordagem de questões estilísticas e organológicas ligadas à interpretação nos faz concluir que estes métodos apenas complementam a disciplina; sua função é fornecer materiais para um treinamento auditivo, baseado especialmente no solfejo de padrões rítmicos. This work aims to investigate relations between the perception of musical rhythm and the ear training methods used in higher education in the state universities of São Paulo. The main tool of this research are the theories and experiments in the field of music cognition. This field investigates the ways of acquiring, processing and organizing information; that is, cognitive activities related to knowledge. From this point of view, we approach some aspects of rhythm perception, cognitive development and music teaching and learning. First, we discuss the concepts of beat, accent, meter, rhythm and grouping, and the perceptual processes involved in it. We contextualize these issues by discussing the cognitive development and aspects of learning and memory. Finally, we seek to understand how the methods used in the discipline of Music Perception in the mentioned universities deal with rhythm perception. The evaluations show that the selected methods do not deal with rhythm perception directly, since they do not lead the student to develop the perceptual processes in the way they occur in real musical listening and performance. They fit into a mechanistic model of teaching, in which learning consists of training and repeated practice of exercises, whose focus is musical production – as opposed to perception. The lack of theoretical insights, discussion of concepts, musical contextualization, and approach to stylistic and organological issues related to performance leads us to conclude that these methods only complement the discipline; its function is to provide materials for ear training, based especially on the performance of rhythmic patterns.

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Crespo, Bojorque Paola 1985. "Biological foundations of consonance perception : exploring phylogenetic roots and neural mechanisms." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/481992.

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La consonancia es una de las características más salientes de la música. A pesar de su papel fundamental en la música occidental, sus orígenes siguen siendo controversiales. Por lo tanto, la comprensión de los mecanismos implicados en la percepción de un acorde como consonante (estable) o disonante (inestable), se ha convertido en una cuestión pendiente en la investigación de la percepción musical. La presente tesis doctoral está dedicada a explorar las bases biológicas de la percepción de la consonancia a través de dos enfoques, comparativo y neurofisiológico. Los resultados de varios experimentos mostraron que las ratas, una especie sin habilidades vocales, comparten con los humanos la capacidad de discriminar la consonancia de la disonancia. Sin embargo, los animales carecen de la capacidad de generalizar a nuevos estímulos y no presentan beneficios para el procesamiento de la consonancia como lo hacen los humanos. Por otra parte, las respuestas neuronales desencadenas por cambios en la consonancia y disonancia difieren entre músicos y no músicos. En conjunto, los resultados reportados en esta tesis ponen de manifiesto que la experiencia con estímulos harmónicos, tales como la producción vocal y la formación musical, es un factor importante para explicar el fenómeno del a consonancia dentro de nuestro sistema musical. Consonance is one of the most salient features of music. Despite its central role in Western music, its origins remain controversial. Thus, understanding the mechanisms involved in the perception of a chord as consonant (stable) or dissonant (unstable), have become an outstanding issue in music perception research. The present dissertation is devoted to explore the biological bases of consonance perception through a comparative and a neurophysiological approach. Results from several experiments showed that rats, a species with no documented vocal learning abilities, share with humans the capacity to discriminate consonance from dissonance. The animals however lack the ability to generalize to new stimuli and do not exhibit processing benefits for consonance as humans do. Moreover, musicians’ neural responses triggered by changes in consonance and dissonance differed from those of non-musicians. Together, the results reported in the present dissertation highlight that experience with harmonic stimuli, such as vocal production and musical training, is an important factor to account for the emergence of consonance within our musical system.

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Vassillière, Christa Theresa. "The Spatial Properties of Music Perception: Differences in Visuo-spatial Performance According to Musicianship and Interference of Musical Structure." Oberlin College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oberlin1340331749.

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Viel, Massimiliano. "Listening patterns : from music to perception and cognition." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/11809.

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The research aims to propose a narrative of the experience of listening and to provide some first examples of its possible application. This is done in three parts. Part One, “Words”, aims to methodologically frame the narrative by discussing the limits and requirements of a theory of listening. After discussing the difficulties of building an objective characterization of the listening experience, the research proposes that any theorization on listening can only express a point of view that is implied by descriptions of listening both in linguistic terms and in the data they involve. The analysis of theories about listening is therefore conducted through a grammatical path that unfolds by following the syntactic roles of the words involved in theoretical claims about listening. Starting from the problem of synonymy, the analysis moves around the subject, the object, adjectives and adverbs to finally discuss the status of the references of the discourses on listening. The Part One ends by claiming the need to reintroduce the subject in theories about listening and proposes to attribute the epistemological status of the narrative to any discourse about the listening experience. This implies that any proposed narrative must substitute its truth-value with the instrumental value that is expressed by the idea of “viability”. The Part Two, “Patterns”, is devoted to introducing a narrative of listening. This is first informally introduced in terms of the experience of a distinction within the sonic flow. After an intermission dedicated to connecting the idea of distinction to Gaston Bachelard’s metaphysics of time, the narrative is finally presented as a dialectics among three ways of organizing perceptive distinctions. Three perceptive modes of distinctions are presented as a basic mechanism that is responsible for articulating the sonic continuum in a complex structure of expectations and reactions, in terms of patterns, that is constantly renewed under the direction of statistical learning. The final chapter of the Part Two aims to briefly apply the narrative of pattern structures to dealing with the experience of noise. Part Three aims to show the “viability” of the proposed narrative of listening. First, a method for analysing music by listening is discussed. Then, a second chapter puts the idea of pattern structures in contact with music composition, as a framework that can be applied to data sonification, installations, music production and to the didactics of composition. Finally, the last chapter is devoted to the discussion of the idea of “soundscape” and “identity formation”, in order to show the potential of applying the proposed narrative to the context of cultural and social studies.

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Santos, Pedro Paulo Kohler Bondesan dos. "Ambiguidade rítmica: estudo doritmo musical sob a perspectiva de modelos atuais de percepção e cognição." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/27/27158/tde-29082012-110123/.

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O presente trabalho procura descrever e avaliar possibilidades de reconhecimento de ambiguidades rítmicas a partir da perspectiva do ouvinte musical. Adota como principais referenciais: a análise de cenário auditivo, de Bregman (1990); a percepção por categorias, de Clarke (1987); o conceito de relógio interno, de Povel e Essens (1985) e a indução do tempo musical, de Povel e Okkerman (1981); o modelo de regras de preferência, de Lerdahl e Jackendoff (1983), depois desenvolvido por Temperley (2001); os critérios de padrões inerentes e o padrão da linha do tempo, de Kubik (1962); conceitos da psicologia da expectativa, de Huron (2007) e a aplicação de princípios gestálticos a processos cognitivos de percepção do ritmo. Com base neste referencial teórico, propõe parâmetros organizados como fatores endógenos e exógenos para a verificação de aspectos relacionados à maneira como ouvintes médios percebem as articulações rítmicas propostas nos exemplos musicais propostos. Por considerar que os compassos iniciais de uma obra constituem uma fase onde ocorre o processo de indução da percepção métrica, os exemplos musicais são constituídos de análises de trechos iniciais de obras musicais potencialmente ambíguos nomeadamente, Sinfonia n. 5, op. 67 (I), Sonata para piano, op. 14, n. 2 (I), Sonata para piano, op. 109 (I), de Beethoven; Quarteto de cordas, op. 51 n. 1 (I), de Brahms; Sinfonia n. 5, op. 64 (III), de Tchaikovsky. Traz, ainda, um exemplo de ambiguidade entre Ijexá e Drum n´Bass. Na conclusão, defende a ideia de que alguns modelos cognitivos atuais são capazes de justificar percepções auditivas ambíguas. This study describes and evaluates the recognition of possibilities of rhythmic ambiguity from the perspective of the musical listener. Adopts as main references: the Auditory Scene Analysis, by Bregman (1990); the Categorical Rhythm Perception, by Clarke (1987); internal clock concept, by Povel and Essens (1985), and induction of musical time, by Povel and Okkerman (1981); the preference rule model, by Lerdahl and Jackendoff (1983), later developed by Temperley (2001); Inherent patterns and Timeline pattern criteria, by Kubik (1962); Psychology of Expectation concepts, by Huron (2007), and application of Gestalt principles to cognitive processes of rhythm perception. Based on this theoretical framework it proposes parameters organized as endogenous and exogenous factors to verify aspects related to the perception of proposed articulations by averages listeners, in the proposed rhythmic musical examples. Considering that the initial measures of a work constitute a stage where the induction process of meter perception occurs, the musical examples are made up of initial excerpts analysis from musical works potentially ambiguous namely, Symphony no. 5, op. 67 (I), Piano Sonata, op. 14, no. 2 (I), Piano Sonata, op. 109 (I), by Beethoven; String Quartet, op. 51 no. 1 (I), by Brahms; Symphony no. 5, op. 64 (III), Tchaikovsky. This paper also provides an example of ambiguity between Ijexá pattern and Drum n\'bass pattern. In the conclusion, defends the idea that some current cognitive models are able to justify ambiguous auditory perceptions.

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Byron, Timothy Patrick. "The processing of pitch and temporal information in relational memory for melodies." View thesis, 2008. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/37492.

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Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Western Sydney, 2008. A thesis submitted to the University of Western Sydney, College of Arts, School of Psychology, in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Includes bibliographical references.

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Mendoza, Jennifer. "Characterizing the Structure of Infants' Everyday Musical Input." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/23763.

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Infants acculturate to their soundscape over the first year of life (e.g., Hannon & Trehub, 2005a; Werker & Tees, 1984). This perceptual tuning of early auditory skills requires integrating across experiences that repeat and vary in content and are distributed in time. Music is part of this soundscape, yet little is known about the real-world musical input available to infants as they begin learning sounds, melodies, rhythms, and words. In this dissertation, we collected and analyzed a first-of-its-kind corpus of music identified in day-long audio recordings of 6- to 12-month-old infants and their caregivers in their natural, at-home environments. We characterized the structure of this input in terms of key distributional and temporal properties that shape learning in many domains (e.g., Oakes & Spalding, 1997; Roy et al., 2015; Vlach et al., 2008; Weisleder & Fernald, 2013). This everyday sensory input serves as the data available for infants to aggregate in order to build knowledge about music. We discovered that infants encountered nearly an hour of cumulative music per day distributed across multiple instances. Infants encountered many different tunes and voices in their daily music. Within this diverse range, infants encountered consistency, such that some tunes and voices were more available than others in infants’ everyday musical input. The proportion of music produced by live voices varied widely across infants. As infants progressed in time through their days, they encountered many music instances close together in time as well as some music instances separated by much longer lulls. This bursty temporal pattern also characterized how infants encountered instances of their top tune and their top voice – the specific tune and specific voice that occurred for the longest cumulative duration in each infant’s day. Finally, infants encountered many pairs of consecutive music bouts with repeated content – the same unique tune or the same unique voice. Taken together, we discovered that infants’ everyday musical input was more consistent than random in both content and time across infants’ days at home. These findings have potential to inform theory and future research examining how the nature of early music experience shapes infants’ early learning.

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Barbaroux, Mylène. "Pratique musicale et effets de transfert : de la perception à la cognition." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/191216_BARBAROUX_337mb225gkivr408dfmsz872gzhffe_TH%20(2).pdf.

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La pratique musicale exerce une influence positive sur le cerveau à différents niveaux. Il a notamment été montré que les musiciens apprennent mieux le sens de nouveaux mots dans une langue étrangère que les non-musiciens. Dans la première partie de mon travail de thèse, j’ai testé l’hypothèse en cascade : une meilleure perception auditive améliorerait l’apprentissage de nouveaux mots en permettant de catégoriser plus efficacement les sons du langage et ainsi de leur associer plus facilement un sens. J’ai utilisé une approche longitudinale, en entraînant des adultes non-musiciens sur une tâche psychoacoustique de discrimination de hauteur (ou d’intensité pour le groupe de contrôle) de sons non-langagiers. Après seulement trois heures d’entraînement psychoacoustique, les participants entraînés en hauteur catégorisaient plus vite les mots selon leur hauteur, et apprenaient mieux leur sens (pourcentages d’erreurs plus bas et composantes N400 plus amples) que le groupe de contrôle. Dans la deuxième partie de ma thèse j’ai évalué, en utilisant une approche longitudinale, les effets de 18 mois d’apprentissage musical en milieu scolaire (programme Démos), sur les fonctions cognitives d’enfants issus de milieux socio-économiques très modestes. Après 18 mois d’apprentissage musical, les scores de musicalité, d’intelligence générale, ainsi que les capacités attentionnelles et de lecture étaient améliorées, comparés à avant l’apprentissage musical. Ces résultats soulignent l’importance de développer de tels programmes, en particulier dans les quartiers modestes Musical practice positively influences brain functioning at various levels. Recently, musical expertise has also been shown to influence high-level speech abilities such as novel word learning. In the first study of this thesis work, we tested the cascading hypothesis, following which increased perceptual abilities in musicians drive the influence of music training on higher language processes. Specifically, we suggested that better auditory perception improves categorization of non-native speech sounds and facilitates association to a meaning. To test this hypothesis, we used a longitudinal approach with psychoacoustic procedures to train two groups of adult non-musicians for several days, either on pitch discrimination or on intensity discrimination (control group), using non-linguistic sounds. After a short psychoacoustic training (total = 3 hours), participants trained on pitch were faster to categorize words varying on pitch and were more efficient in learning the meaning of these novel words (lower error rates and larger N400 components) than participants trained on intensity.The second study thesis work aimed at evaluating, by using a longitudinal approach, the impact of 18 month of music training in school-setting (Démos program), on several aspects of the cognitive development of children from low socio-economic backgrounds. Results showed that Démos music training improved musicality and general intelligence scores, as well as concentration abilities and reading precision. These findings strongly encourage the broader implementation of such programs in disadvantaged school-settings

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Peckel, Mathieu. "Le lien réciproque entre musique et mouvement étudié à travers les mouvements induits par la musique." Thesis, Dijon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014DIJOL025/document.

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La musique et le mouvement sont inséparables. Les mouvements produits spontanément lors de l'écoute musicale seraient le reflet d'un lien étroit entre le système perceptif et moteur. Ce lien est l'objet d'étude de cette thèse. Une première approche concernait l'impact des mouvements induits par la musique sur la cognition musicale. Dans deux études, nous montrons que bouger en rythme sur la musique n'améliore ni la rétention de nouveaux morceaux de musique (Etude 1) ni la rétention d'informations contextuelles relatives à leur encodage (Etude 2). Les résultats des ces deux études suggèrent la superficialité du traitement inhérent à l'expression des affordances musicales nécessaire à la production de mouvements induits par la musique dans la tâche motrice ainsi qu'un traitement moteur automatique de la musique indépendamment de la tâche. L'importance du groove musical a également été mise en évidence. Une deuxième approche concernait l'influence de la perception de rythmes musicaux sur la production de mouvements rythmiques. Notre troisième étude testait l'hypothèse selon laquelle les membres du corps seraient influencés de manière différente en fonction du tempo musical. Les résultats montrent que la tâche de tapping était la plus influencée par la perception de rythmes musicaux. Ceci serait dû à la nature similaire de la pulsation musicale et des mécanismes de timing impliqués dans le tapping ainsi qu'à des phénomènes de résonance motrice. Nous avons également observé la mise en place de certaines stratégies face à la tâche. L'ensemble de ces résultats est discuté à la lumière du lien entre perception et action, de la cognition musicale incarnée et des affordances musicales Music and movement are inseparable. The movements that are spontaneously procuded when listening to music are thought to be related to the close relationship between the perceptual and motor system in listeners. This particular link is the main topic of this thesis. A first approach was focused on the impact of music-induced movements on music cognition. In two studies, we show that moving along to music neither enhances the retention of new musical pieces (Study 1) nor the retention of the contextual information related to their encoding (Study 2). These results suggest a shallow processing inherent to the expression of musical affordances required for the production of music-induced movements in the motor task. Moreover, they suggest that music is automatically processed in a motoric fashion independantly of the task. Our results also brought forward the importance of the musical groove. A second approach focused on the influence of the perception of musical rhythms on the production of rythmic movements. Our third study tested the hypothesis that different limbs would be differentially influenced depending on the musical tempo. Results show that the tapping taks was the most influenced by the perception of musical rhythms. We argued that this would come from the similar nature of the musical pulse and the timing mecanisms involved in the tapping task and motor resonance phenomena. We also observed different strategies put in place to cope with the task. All these results are discussed in light of the link between perception and action, embodied musical cognition and musical affordances

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Barbosa, Rafael. "Vers des outils d'analyse musicale à l'échelle humaine." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AZUR2013/document.

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Si la musique a participé au développement de la psychologie cognitive et de l'approche expérimentale de l'esthétique, la musicologie, et plus particulièrement sa branche analytique, n'a que très peu bénéficié des acquis de ce que François Delalande appelle « les sciences de la musique ». Cette situation est le résultat d'un l'éloignement ontologique entre les paradigmes sous-jacents des sciences cognitives, et ceux de la théorie et l'analyse musicologiques. La difficulté à assimiler une méthodologie transdisciplinaire – question épistémologique qui accompagne le développement des sciences cognitives –, est aussi responsable d'une forme de désintéressement chronique de la part des musicologues pour des disciplines scientifiques qui pourtant, permettent aujourd'hui de comprendre la musique en tant qu'objet façonné par une dynamique des contraintes perceptives et cognitives, ainsi que comme expérience esthétique vivante. Ce travail doctoral cherche à évaluer les raisons qui rendent pertinente et nécessaire l'ouverture de la musicologie analytique vers l'étude scientifique de la perception et de l'expérience esthétique, et propose une formulation des objectifs et des moyens qui pourraient être ceux d'une musicologie analytique qui reconnait et préserve sa place au sein de l’épistémè contemporain des sciences humaines et naturelles While music has contributed to the development of cognitive psychology and experimental aesthetics, musicology, and more particularly its analytical branch, has taken little benefit from the achievements of what has been called "the sciences of music ". This situation is the result of a growing ontological distance between the paradigms underlying the development of cognitive sciences and those on which musicological theory and analysis are grounded. The difficulty in assimilating a transdisciplinary methodology – a central epistemological question that accompanies the development of cognitive sciences – is also responsible for the chronic lack of interest on the part of musicologists for the scientific disciplines which have open the possibility to understand music as an object shaped both by perception and cognition, and as a living aesthetic experience. This research evaluates the reasons that prove the relevance and the necessity of building a straight relation between the analytical musicology and the scientific study of perception and aesthetics. It also leads a discussion in order to propose a definition of the aims and the means characterizing an analytical musicology that recognizes and preserves its place within the frame of the contemporary human and natural sciences

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Janzen, Thenille Braun. "Análise psicofísica de medidas subjetivas de tempo em contexto rítmico." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/47/47135/tde-10022010-170351/.

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Objetivo. Estudar mecanismos que limitam a precisão em tarefas de produção de ritmos e sincronização sensório-motora a partir da análise da variabilidade observada em tarefas de bater o dedo com tempo espontâneo, em sincronização sensório-motora a metrônomos externos, e ainda, na manutenção da ritmicidade definida por metrônomos externos, depois destes serem desligados. Método. Um total de 11 participantes (idade média de ± 23 anos, 5 homens, destros e sem formação musical) executaram tarefas de batida do dedo, com o vínculo de ser o mais regular possível, em 3 experimentos: batida de um ritmo espontâneo, sincronização a metrônomos externos (luminosos ou sonoros) com período de 200 ms, 400 ms e 800 ms, e da manutenção do ritmo definido pelos metrônomos, mesmo depois destes serem desligados. A análise dos dados privilegiou a análise dos desvios padrão e coeficientes de variação nos experimentos. Resultados. A periodicidade média espontânea escolhida pelos participantes foi 527,5 ms, com desvio padrão de 107 ms, correspondendo a uma frequência em torno de 2 Hz. O desvio padrão médio individual foi de aproximadamente 29 ms. A sincronização ao metrônomo luminoso foi significativamente mais imprecisa e variável do que ao metrônomo auditivo (p = 0.005). Essa diferença se manteve mesmo nas tarefas de continuação, batendo o dedo depois de desligar os metrônomos, tanto o luminoso quanto o sonoro. Surpreendentemente, a estabilidade das batidas na fase de continuação foi significativamente melhor do que na fase de sincronia, tanto com o metrônomo luminoso quanto com o sonoro (p < 0.004). Outro resultado importante foi que o coeficiente de variação (razão entre desvio padrão e período médio de batidas; aproximadamente 5%) manteve-se mais estável que o desvio padrão em todas as situações experimentais. Discussão. Os dados deste estudo confirmam dados na literatura que sugerem que a frequência espontânea dos movimentos periódicos de seres humanos seja tipicamente de 2 Hz, o que reforça a idéia que a escolha de um ritmo espontâneo seja baseada em substratos anatômicos (ressonâncias biomecânicas), relativamente invariantes entre indivíduos. Também foi confirmada a hipóteses sugeridas na literatura de que, a sincronia a estímulos sonoros é significativamente mais precisa e menos variável que a estímulos luminosos. A maior estabilidade na fase de continuidade do que na fase de sincronia com os estímulos guia, faz pensar que há interferências das pistas externas com o relógio interno. A estabilidade do coeficiente de variação, maior que a do desvio padrão, sugere que o relógio interno dependa de um mecanismo de acumulação. Conclusão. A faixa de 2 Hz presente em movimentos rítmicos oscilatórios é provavelmente inerente a substratos anatômicos relativamente invariantes. Metrônomos sonoros são mais eficientes em guiar a batida de dedo do que metrônomos luminosos. Não foi possível separar a contribuição do relógio interno à variabilidade das batidas de dedo, pois, surpreendentemente, na continuidade de batidas após desligamento de metrônomos externos, seja luminosos que sonoros, a estabilidade melhorou, em vez de piorar. A estabilidade do coeficiente de variação sugere o envolvimento direto de mecanismo de acumulação nos relógios internos, pelo menos nas escalas de tempo dos experimentos (200 a 800 ms). Purpose: To study mechanisms that limit the accuracy of rhythm production and sensorimotor synchronization analyzing the variability in finger tapping tasks, be they spontaneous finger tapping, sensorimotor synchronization to external metronomes, or rhythm maintenance after turning off the external metronome. Methods: A total of 11 participants (mean age ± 23 years, 5 men, right handed and musically untrained) performed finger tapping tasks, with the constraint of highest possible regularity, in 3 experiments: spontaneous tapping, tapping in synchrony to external metronomes (light flashes or sound bips) with periods of 200 ms, 400 ms and 800 ms, and maintaining a steady pace set by the external metronome, after it was turned off. Data analysis focused on analysis of standard deviations and coefficients of variation. Results: The average frequency chosen by participants in spontaneous rhythm production was 527.5 ms with a standard deviation of 107 ms, corresponding to a frequency around 2 Hz. Average individual standard deviation was approximately 29 ms. Synchronization (and continuity) to the light metronome was significantly more imprecise and variable than synchronization to the sound metronome (p = 0.005). This difference persisted even in the continuation tasks, for both sound and light metronomes. Surprisingly, the stability in the continuation task was significantly better than during synchronization (p <0.004). Another important result was that the coefficient of variation (ratio of standard deviation to mean period; approximately 5%) was more stable than the standard deviation in all experimental conditions. Discussion: Data from this study confirm the literature, suggesting that the spontaneous frequency of periodic movements of humans is around 2 Hz, which reinforces the idea that they are based on anatomical substrates (biomechanical resonances), which are relatively invariant across individuals. Data from this study also confirmed literature reports that timing to sound metronomes is significantly more accurate and less variable than timing to light metronomes The greater stability in the continuation task than in synchronization task suggests that external cues interfere with the internal clock. The stability of the coefficient of variation, higher than the stability of the standard deviation suggests that the internal clock is based on accumulation mechanisms. Conclusion: The frequency of 2 Hz in the rhythmic oscillatory movements of humans is probably inherent to anatomical substrates that are relatively constant across individuals. Sound metronomes are more efficient in guiding finger tapping tasks than light metronomes. It was not possible to separate out the contribution of the internal clock to the variability of finger tapping, because stability was higher the continuation phase than in the synchronization phase, both with sound and with light metronomes. Finally, the stability of the coefficient of variation suggest the direct involvement of accumulation mechanisms in the internal clock, at least on the time scales of these experiments (200 to 800 ms).

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Rodrigues, Fabrizio Veloso. "O processamento de informação rítmica em pessoas com ouvido absoluto." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/47/47135/tde-04092017-180636/.

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O ouvido absoluto é descrito como a habilidade de nomear ou produzir notas musicais sem uma referência externa. Estudos recentes sugerem o processamento mais rápido de informação linguística em pessoas que possuem a habilidade. Sabe-se que conteúdo rítmico é um elemento essencial para o processamento linguístico. No entanto, não se sabe se pessoas com ouvido absoluto processam informação rítmica de maneira distinta. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar as possíveis diferenças entre portadores e não portadores de ouvido absoluto no processamento de padrões rítmicos em estímulos sonoros. Dezesseis participantes, sendo 8 com ouvido absoluto e 8 sem a habilidade foram submetidos a uma tarefa psicofísica, na qual deveriam reproduzir sequências rítmicas, com acurácia. Como critério de comparação, consideraram-se o número de intervalos produzidos e a evolução da acurácia temporal ao longo da tarefa. Não se observaram diferenças significativas entre os grupos. Os resultados sugerem que, no processamento de informação rítmica não há participação significativa de processos nervosos especificamente presentes apenas em pessoas com ouvido absoluto Absolute pitch is described as the ability to name or produce musical notes without an external reference. Recent studies suggest faster processing of linguistic information in people with this skill. It is known that rhythmic content is an essential element for linguistic processing. However, it is not known whether people with absolute pitch process rhythmic information differently. The objective of this work was to verify whether differences exist between absolute pitch and non-absolute pitch possessors in processing rhythmic patterns in sound stimuli. Sixteen participants, 8 with absolute pitch and 8 without the ability, underwent a psychophysical task, in which they were asked to reproduce as accurately as possible rhythmic sequences presented to them. As a criterion of performance, we considered the number of intervals produced and the evolution of temporal accuracy as the task was carried out. No significant difference was found between the two groups. The results suggest that in the processing of rhythmic information there is no significant participation of nervous circuitry specifically present only in absolute pitch possessors

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Woloszyn, Michael Richard. "Perceptual asymmetries in a diatonic context." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0031/NQ66246.pdf.

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Bianchi, Frederick W. "The cognition of atonal pitch structures." Virtual Press, 1985. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/438705.

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The Cognition of Atonal Pitch Structures investigated the ability of a listener to internally organize atonal pitch sequences into hierarchical structures. Based on an information processing model proposed by Deutsch and Feroe (1981), the internal organization of well processed pitch sequences will result in the formation of hierarchical structures. The more efficiently information is processed by the listener, the more organized its internal hierarchical representation in memory. Characteristic of a well organized internal hierarchy As redundancy. Each ensuing level of the hierarchical structure represents a parsimoniuos recoding of the lower levels. In this respect, each higher hierarchical level contains the most salient structural features extracted from lower levels.Because efficient internal organization increases redundancy, more memory space must be allocated to retain a well processed pitch sequence. Based on this assumption, an experiment was conducted to determine the amount of information retained when listening to pre-organized atonal pitch structures and randomly organized pitch structures. Using time duration estimation techniques (Ornstein, 1969; Block, 1974), the relative size of memory allocated for a processing task was determined. Since the subjective experience of time is influenced by the amount of information processed and retained in memory (Ornstein, 1969; Block, 1974), longer time estimations corresponded to larger memory space allocations, and thus, more efficiently organized hierarchical structures.ConclusionThough not significant at the .05 level (p-.21), the results indicate a tendency to suggest that atonal pitch structures were more efficiently organized into internal hierarchical structures than were random pitch structures. The results of the experiment also suggest that a relationship exists between efficient internal hierarchical organization and increased attention and enjoyment. The present study also investigated the influence that other parameters may have on the cognition of pre-organized music. Of interest were the characteristics inherent in music which may facilitate internal organization.

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Weaver, Aurora J. "The Influence of Musical Training and Maturation on Pitch Perception and Memory." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1420490879.

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Delbé, Charles. "Musique, psychoacoustique et apprentissage implicite : vers un modèle intégré de la cognition musicale." Dijon, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009DIJOL007.

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La musique est un domaine d’étude exceptionnel, sinon unique, pour explorer la cognition humaine. Un objet musical possède un double visage : dans le cas du système tonal occidental, la représentation mentale d’un événement (tel qu’un accord) correspond à la fois à une image acoustique riche et à une fonction contextuelle. La musique est donc souvent considérée comme une forme de langage, car elle repose en grande partie sur des structures temporelles complexes, mais se démarque cependant de celui-ci par une plus grande richesse sensorielle. Les travaux menés durant cette thèse questionnent la spécificité du traitement de la musique par rapport aux autres aptitudes cognitives de même niveau, telle que la perception du langage. Des techniques de modélisation auditive combinées à des données comportementales ont permis d’évaluer le rôle des aspects de surface des stimulations auditives dans la perception de la syntaxe de la musique tonale occidentale (études 1 et 2), ainsi que dans la perception dynamique de la rhétorique et des émotions musicales (études 3 et 4). Deux études comportementales ont également porté sur l’acquisition de régularités statistiques auditives (étude 6), et sur l’influence de ces connaissances dans une tâche d’amorçage mélodique (étude 5). Enfin, les substrats neuronaux à l’origine de la cognition musicale ont été explorés dans les études neuroscientifiques 7 et 8, qui suggèrent un réseau neuronal complexe engagé dans les réponses émotionnelles à la musique. L’ensemble de ces travaux permet de mieux comprendre l'importance respective des aspects sensoriels et culturels dans l’appréciation de la musique, ainsi que l’architecture neuronale qui la sous-tend Music is a unique domain to explore human cognition. A musical percept is double faced : in the Western tonal system, the mental representation of an event (such as a chord) is made of a rich acoustic image, as well as of a contextual function. As such, music is often considered as a language, because it rests on complex sequential structures, but it has a richer sensory component. The studies reported in this thesis question the specificity of music processing compared to others cognitive abilities, such as language perception. Auditory modeling methodologies combined with behavioral data allowed investigating the role of sensory features in the perception of the Western tonal syntax (Studies 1 and 2), as well as in the dynamical perception of musical rhetoric and emotion (Studies 3 and 4). Two behavioral studies concerned the learning of auditory statistical regularities (Study 6), and the effect of this type of knowledge on a melodic priming task (Study 5). Finally, the neuronal bases behind music cognition have been explored in the neuroscientific studies 7 and 8, which suggest a complex neuronal network engaged in emotional responses to music. Taken together, this work allows to better understand the respective effect of sensory and cultural features in music appreciation, as well as the neuronal architecture underlying it

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Cattley, Gary Thomas. "Cognitive Interference in the Perception of Pitch and Loudness in a Five-note Musical Pattern." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1999. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278446/.

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The purpose of the study was to explore whether musicians experience Garner interference among the auditory dimensions of pitch and loudness. Specifically, the study explored whether the dimensions of intonation and loudness, when presented to musicians in a five-note musical pattern, were perceived as integral or separable in nature.

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Olivier, Ryan. "Musica Speculativa: An Exploration of the Multimedia Concert Experience through Theory and Practice." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2015. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/329943.

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Music Composition D.M.A. Musica Speculativa is a final project in two parts in which I explore, through both theory and practice, the role of metaphors in our understanding of reality with special attention given to the use of visual representation in multimedia concert works that employ electroacoustics. Part I, entitled, "Imaginary Cognition: Interpreting the Topoi of Intermedia Electroacoustic Concert Works," explores how metaphors play a core role in our musical experience and how aural metaphors can be enhanced by and ultimately interact with visual metaphors to create a contrapuntal intermedia experience. Part II, "Musica Speculativa: A Multimedia Concert in Five Movements and Three Intermezzi," for mezzo-soprano, flute, B-flat bass clarinet, violin, cello, piano, a percussionist performing an array of lightning bottles, a dancer with a gesture-sensing wand, and a technologist operating interactive audio and video processing, focuses on the medieval philosophy of Musica Speculativa and how it relates to our current understanding of the world. In part I explore the heightened experience of metaphorical exchange through the utilization of multimedia. The starting point is the expansion of visual enhancement in electroacoustic compositions due to the widespread availability of projection in concert halls and the multimedia expectations created through 21st-century Western culture. With the use of visual representation comes the potential to map musical ideas onto visual signs, creating another level of cognition. The subsequent unfolding of visual signifiers offers a direct visual complement and subsequent interaction to the unfolding of aural themes in electroacoustic compositions. The paper surveys the current research surrounding metaphorical thematic recognition in electroacoustic works whose transformational processes might be unfamiliar, and which in turn create fertile ground for the negotiation of meaning. The interaction of media and the differences created among the various signs within the music and the visual art create a heightened concert experience that is familiar to and in many ways expected by contemporary listeners. Composers such as Jaroslaw Kapuscinski have sought to use multimedia as a means to enhance the concert experience, giving movement to the acousmatic presence in their electroacoustic works. In turn, these works create a concert experience that is more familiar to the 21st-century audience. Through examining Kapuscinski's recent work, Oli's Dream, in light of cognitive research by Zbikowski (1998 & 2002), topic theory by Agawu (1991 & 2009), and multimedia research by Cook (1998), I propose a theory for analyzing contrapuntal meaning in multimedia concert works. The themes explored in Part I, regarding the use of metaphor to interpret both visual and aural stimuli, ultimately creating a metaphor for a reality never fully grasped due to the limits of human understanding, are further explored artistically in the multimedia concert work, Musica Speculativa. The medieval philosophy of Musica Speculativa suggests that music as it is understood today (musica instrumentalis) is the only tangible form of the metaphysical music ruling human interactions (musica humana) and ordering the cosmos (musica mundana). I found the concept of Musica Speculativa to be a fitting metaphor for how music and art allude to our own perception of reality and our place within that world. The project as a whole re-examines the concept of Musica Speculativa in light of our current technological landscape to gain a deeper understanding of how we interact with the world around us. Temple University--Theses

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Hass, Richard William. "DEVELOPMENT OF CREATIVE EXPERTISE IN MUSIC: A QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE SONGS OF COLE PORTER AND IRVING BERLIN." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2008. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/21257.

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Psychology Ph.D. Previous studies of musical creativity lacked strong foundations in music theory and music analysis. The goal of the current project was to merge the study of music perception and cognition with the study of expertise-based musical creativity. Three hypotheses about the nature of creativity were tested. According to the productive-thinking hypothesis, creativity represents a complete break from past knowledge. According to the reproductive-thinking hypothesis, creators develop a core collection of kernel ideas early in their careers and continually recombine those ideas in novel ways. According to what can be called the field hypothesis, creativity involves more than just the individual creator; creativity represents an interaction between the individual creator, the domain in which the creator works, and the field, or collection of institutions that evaluate creative products. In order to evaluate each hypothesis, the musical components of a sample of songs by two eminent 20th century American songwriters, Cole Porter and Irving Berlin, were analyzed. Five separate analyses were constructed to examine changes in the psychologically salient musical components of Berlin's and Porter's songs over time. In addition, comparisons between hit songs and non-hit songs were also drawn to investigate whether the composers learned from their cumulative songwriting experiences. Several developmental trends were found in the careers of both composers; however, there were few differences between hit songs and non-hit songs on all measures. The careers of both composers contain evidence of productive and reproductive creativity. Implications of the results and suggestions for future research are discussed. Temple University--Theses

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Leinbach, Cade. "A Multi-Dimensional Approach towards Understanding Music Notation through Cognition." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2020. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1703356/.

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Composition has been conceptualized as a method for communicating a way of thinking (i.e., cognition) from composers to performers and audience members. Music notation, or how music is represented in a visual format, becomes the vehicle through which such cognition is communicated. In the past, research on notation has been approached either categorically or as a taxonomy, where it is placed into separate categories based primarily on visual elements, including its symbols, conventions, and practices. The modern application of notation in Western classical music repertoire, however, has shown that the boundaries between these systems are not always clear and sometimes blend together. Viewing music notation from a spectrum-based approach instead provides a better understanding of notation through its cognitive effects. These spectra can then be viewed through multiple dimensions, all addressing different aspects. The first dimension consists of the historical systems of notation, ranging from standard music notation (SMN) to music graphics. Additional kinds of notation, such as proportional, pictorial, and aleatoric, work as the mediary levels between these two. The second dimension focuses on whether notation is processed intuitively, based on either cultural priming or general cognitive principles, or through conscious interpretation. The last dimension views notation as either a visual representation of the sound (descriptive) or a representation of the process performed to create the sound (prescriptive). This thesis conceptualizes a theory for understanding music notation though these multiple dimensions by synthesizing psychological studies about music, music notation research, and pre-existing musical scores.

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Celma, Miralles Alexandre 1991. "Neural and evolutionary correlates of rhythm processing through beat and meter." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/668448.

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El temps és un component estructural de la música. A cada cultura, els sons de la música es produeixen i es perceben com patrons rítmics que posseeixen una pulsació isocrònica subjacent. Aquesta pulsació isocrònica s'organitza mitjançant el compàs en patrons que jerarquitzen posicions fortes i febles. Ambdós, la pulsació isocrònica i el compàs, són constructes cognitius que funcionen com a punts de referència temporal per categoritzar i predir esdeveniments, fet que permet sincronitzar moviments (entre altres coses). Aquesta tesi pretén explorar les bases biològiques de la pulsació isocrònica i del compàs jeràrquic des d'un enfocament neurofisiològic i comparatiu. Els estudis electrofisiològics amb humans han revelat que les poblacions neuronals poden sincronitzar-se amb estímuls periòdics visuals i auditius; i amb el compàs ternari, sigui imaginat en la modalitat visual o marcada per característiques auditives espacials. A més, la formació musical i l'atenció interaccionen amb el processament del ritme i reforcen la sincronia neural amb les periodicitats de la pulsació i el compàs. Els estudis conductuals amb rates han revelat que altres animals són capaços de reconèixer l'estructura rítmica subjacent a una cançó familiar i que poden detectar isocronia en seqüències auditives presentades a diversos tempos, independentment de la durada absoluta dels tons. A diferència dels humans, les rates no tenen habilitats d'aprenentatge vocal, les quals semblen no ser necessàries per processar aquests dos components temporals del ritme. En conjunt, aquestes troballes assenyalen que alguns aspectes rítmics de la música van més enllà de la modalitat auditiva en els humans i que els seus orígens es poden trobar en altres espècies.

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Perraudeau, Sandrine. "La texture en musique : sa contribution pour la composition, l'apprentissage de la musique et ses effets sur la perception musicale et la cognition des enfants sourds implantés." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UBFCH020.

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Au cours de la deuxième moitié du XXe siècle, l’émergence de la notion de texture a ouvert de nouvelles perspectives en matière de composition et d'appréhension de la musique. Il apparaît aujourd'hui évident que cette notion est devenu un outil précieux et incontournable pour analyser la musique en dépassant les éléments classiques tels que la note, l'intervalle, le rythme, la mélodie, etc... La première partie sera consacrée à définir précisément cette notion, à analyser son usage dans le répertoire contemporain et à initier une réflexion sur son statut en musicologie. La deuxième partie abordera la question de la perception auditive chez les enfants sourds en s'appuyant sur des études comportementales. L'évaluation des habiletés perceptives des enfants sourds dans le domaine de la musique souffrant actuellement d'un manque d'outil, nous étudierons comment l'utilisation de la texture peut contribuer à enrichir nos pratiques pédagogiques actuelles chez les enfants, plus particulièrement chez les enfants sourds implantés In the second half of the 20th century, the emergence of the notion of texture created new perspectives in the field of composition and music understanding. Today, it is clear that this notion became a valuable and major tool to analyse music by exceeding classic elements such as note, interval, rhythm, melody, and so on. The first part will be dedicated to define exactly this notion, and to analyze its use in the contemporary repertory and to introduce some thougths on its status in musicology. The second part will approach the question of deaf children hearing perception based on behavioral studies. The evaluation of the perceptual skills of deaf children in the field of music suffering at present from a lack of tool, we shall study how the use of the texture can contribute to improve our current educational practices for chlidren, more particularly among deaf children with cochlear implant

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Vinke, Louis Nicholas. "Factors Affecting the Perceived Rhythmic Complexity of Auditory Rhythms." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1269042162.

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Letailleur, Alain. "Figurations du réel : l'exemple musical : Appuis mentaux, visées, saisies et reprojections dans l'architecture cognitive." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017EHES0173.

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La façon dont les musiciens parviennent à reconnaître les notes, par l’écoute seule ou en pratiquant leur art, a toujours fait l’objet d’une certaine fascination. Eux-mêmes, du reste, ne savent que rarement les raisons particulières qui leur permettent de disposer ainsi d’une excellente oreille musicale : « on est doué ou on ne l’est pas » reste alors souvent le raccourci qui permet de ne pas s’aventurer plus loin dans la quête d’une véritable explication. Il faut bien admettre que cette propension à pouvoir identifier des hauteurs perçues paraît ne pas trouver de véritable fondement, et ce d’autant plus que le son musical se trouve être invisible, impalpable et relativement fugace. Pour tenter de mieux comprendre les raisons liées à cette capacité mystérieuse, nous avons pris le parti d’interroger des musiciens, professionnels ou en apprentissage, afin de les questionner sur les procédures mentales qu’ils mettent en oeuvre à l’instant de l’identification notale. La description détaillée des plus petits éléments mentaux (ou la plus petite cohabitation de microéléments mentaux) que les musiciens utilisent pour effectuer cette tâche nous fait alors entrer dans un monde fascinant, qui révèle progressivement l’organisation de nombreuses actions de bas niveau, aussi ajustées à leurs fonctions que particulièrement discrètes. Ces fragments de pensées, que nous avons nommés appuis mentaux (les musiciens se repèrent en fonction de points d’ancrages mentaux adaptés pour accéder à l’identification) peuvent être décrits, sont variés dans leurs formes d’émergence à l’esprit et adoptent différents types de missions. Il a été possible de classer l’ensemble des configurations décrites en plusieurs catégories d’approches stratégiques. Certains de ces infimes gestes internes se sont tellement automatisés au fil du temps qu’ils se trouvent enfouis dans le registre inconscient. Ils deviennent alors très difficiles, voire parfois impossibles à détecter. En y regardant de plus près, nous pouvons imaginer que ces mécanismes hautement spécialisés, décrits dans un secteur restreint du monde musical, relèvent de principes fonctionnels généraux qui semblent s’activer, en réalité, à tout instant de notre vie quotidienne, pour chaque opération que nous sommes appelés à effectuer : calculer, orthographier, créer, faire du sport, cuisiner, bricoler ou bien penser tout simplement. C’est ce que la seconde partie de recherche tente de montrer dans un premier temps, pour exposer ensuite une bien étrange problématique, concernant les rapports interactifs qui s’opèrent entre contenus perceptifs et représentationnels (de nombreux témoignages font en effet état de situations où les appuis mentaux s’invitent directement sur la scène perceptive). La confrontation de ces deux univers, à travers le maniement de ce que nous avons appelé les reprojections mentales, nous met en situation de questionner les rouages qui sont en jeu dans l’édification de la cognition humaine, et interroge sur les conséquences qu’ils impliquent vis-à-vis de notre compréhension du réel The way musicians identify notes has always been a fascinating subject. In order to understand this competence of theirs, we have opted to interview professional and learner musicians so as to analyse the mental methods they use to fulfil this task. A detailed description of the faintest mental processes involved in so doing opens on a bewildering world which exposes an organisation of many low level actions as adapted to their functions as they are subtle. These fragments of thoughts - which we have called mental anchor points - can be described, are varied in their ways of surfacing and can engage in diverse mission types. When subjected to closer scrutiny, we can imagine that these highly specialised mechanisms fall within the sphere of general functional principles which seem to be active at every moment of our lives, for whichever operation we try to perform: calculating, taking part in sports activities, cooking or simply thinking. This is what the second part of this study first tries to show, before disclosing a strange system of issues concerning interactive relations between perceptions and representations. Many testimonies mention situations in which mental anchor points play a prominent part in our perceptive behaviour. The confrontation of these two universes, thanks to the use of what we have called mental reprojections, makes it possible for us to examine the machinery at stake in our cognitive constructions and to analyse the consequences they imply concerning our comprehension of the real world

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Bowles, Shannon L. "MEMORY, COGNITION, AND THE EFFECT OF A MUSIC INTERVENTION ON HEALTHY OLDER ADULTS." UKnowledge, 2013. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gerontol_etds/8.

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Music is a powerful modality that can bring about changes in individuals of all ages. This research employed both an experimental and quasi-experimental design to identify the effects of music as it influenced psychological well-being, memory, and cognition among older adults. Specifically, it addressed three aims: (a) To determine to what extent learning to play a music instrument later in life influenced psychological well-being and cognitive function of non-institutionalized healthy seniors, (b) To determine the effects of the amount of music involvement on psychological well-being and cognitive function (c) To determine the benefit of music for those with limited/no music experience. For the first aim, it was hypothesized that individuals in the experimental music group would maintain and/or improve psychological well-being, memory, and cognitive function more than those assigned to the wait-list control group. For the second aim, it was hypothesized that participants with extensive music involvement would have higher scores on cognitive ability measures and experience greater psychological well-being than those who had not been actively involved in music throughout their life. For the third aim, it was hypothesized that the participants with limited/no music involvement throughout their life would have a larger change on the psychological well-being measures and cognitive assessments than those who had more music involvement. For the experimental portion (Aim 1), the study employed a 6-week music intervention with non-institutionalized older adults. The quasi-experimental portion (Aims 2 & 3) divided participants according to their amount of time involved in music and then looked at psychological well-being and cognitive function. This dissertation did not show a strong connection between music, memory, and cognition so it did not achieve the desired overall results. However, the findings did suggest that music may modify some areas of cognitive function (verbal learning, memory, and retention) and psychological well-being but did not influence other areas (playing a music instrument for any length of time). Therefore, the findings of this dissertation can be a basis upon which future research relating to music, cognitive functioning, psychological well-being and involvement in music can build.

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Giomi, Andrea. "La pensée sonore du corps : Pour une approche écologique à la médiation technologique, au mouvement et à l'interaction sonore." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AZUR2041/document.

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Au cours des dernières années, l’avènement des technologies de captation du mouvement a radicalement transformé l’univers de la pratique artistique tout en ouvrant des perspectives inédites pour la recherche scientifique. La musique est actuellement l’un des domaines les plus impliqués dans ce renouvellement expressif et épistémologique. Dans ce cadre, les processus d’interaction entre médiation technologique, mouvement et son, semblent se décliner selon deux modalités majeures : d’une part, les technologies d’analyse du mouvement permettent d’étudier expérimentalement la connexion mutuelle entre phénomène acoustique et système sensori-moteur; de l’autre, la compréhension de la nature incarnée de l’expérience musicale oriente la conception et le développement de technologies interactives pour la performance vers un modèle plus holistique. En partant de ces prémisses, cette thèse porte sur la manière dont la transformation des aspects imperceptibles du mouvement en données perceptibles – sous forme de son – permet de prendre conscience des processus physiologiques et figuratifs qui sont à la base du geste. Dans ce contexte, la relation entre mouvement et feedback sonore est analysée selon une perspective écologique visant à mettre en lumière comment la médiation technologique induit un processus d’extension et d’intensification autopoïétique de l’anatomie corporelle. Notamment dans le cas de la pratique performative, l’interaction sonore offre alors au performeur la possibilité de redéfinir sa propre organisation perceptive sur la base d’un un nouveau répertoire des données sensorielles, lui permettant ainsi de repenser la composition expressive du mouvement During the last years, motion sensing technologies have radically transformed the universe of the artistic practice. This dramatic change has recently inspired new perspectives in scientific research. Music is actually among the most affected domaines by this expressive and epistemological renewal. The interactive relation between mediation technology, movement and sound, seems to be declined into two main modalities : on one hand, movement analysis’ technologies allow to study mutual connections between acoustic phenomenon and sensorimotor system, on the other hand, embodied understanding of musical experience can help to devise an holistic approach to interactive systems conception and development. Given this background scenario, this thesis focuses on how movement’s qualities transformation into sound allows the performer to become aware of physiological and imaginative processes in gesture composition. In this framework, sound feedback-movement relation is analyzed from an ecological point of view. According to this approach, mediation technology seems to elicit an autopoietic process of extension and intensification of corporeality. Especially in the artistic performance, sound interaction offers to performer a new sensorial geography that allows him/her to renew his/her perceptive organization and thereby rethink expressive composition of movement

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Olivier, Ryan. "MusicaSpeculativa-PartII-MultimediaConcertWork.pdf." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2015. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/330327.

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Music Composition D.M.A. Musica Speculativa is a final project in two parts in which I explore, through both theory and practice, the role of metaphors in our understanding of reality with special attention given to the use of visual representation in multimedia concert works that employ electroacoustics. Part I, entitled, "Imaginary Cognition: Interpreting the Topoi of Intermedia Electroacoustic Concert Works," explores how metaphors play a core role in our musical experience and how aural metaphors can be enhanced by and ultimately interact with visual metaphors to create a contrapuntal intermedia experience. Part II, "Musica Speculativa: A Multimedia Concert in Five Movements and Three Intermezzi," for mezzo-soprano, flute, B-flat bass clarinet, violin, cello, piano, a percussionist performing an array of lightning bottles, a dancer with a gesture-sensing wand, and a technologist operating interactive audio and video processing, focuses on the medieval philosophy of Musica Speculativa and how it relates to our current understanding of the world. In part I explore the heightened experience of metaphorical exchange through the utilization of multimedia. The starting point is the expansion of visual enhancement in electroacoustic compositions due to the widespread availability of projection in concert halls and the multimedia expectations created through 21st-century Western culture. With the use of visual representation comes the potential to map musical ideas onto visual signs, creating another level of cognition. The subsequent unfolding of visual signifiers offers a direct visual complement and subsequent interaction to the unfolding of aural themes in electroacoustic compositions. The paper surveys the current research surrounding metaphorical thematic recognition in electroacoustic works whose transformational processes might be unfamiliar, and which in turn create fertile ground for the negotiation of meaning. The interaction of media and the differences created among the various signs within the music and the visual art create a heightened concert experience that is familiar to and in many ways expected by contemporary listeners. Composers such as Jaroslaw Kapuscinski have sought to use multimedia as a means to enhance the concert experience, giving movement to the acousmatic presence in their electroacoustic works. In turn, these works create a concert experience that is more familiar to the 21st-century audience. Through examining Kapuscinski's recent work, Oli's Dream, in light of cognitive research by Zbikowski (1998 & 2002), topic theory by Agawu (1991 & 2009), and multimedia research by Cook (1998), I propose a theory for analyzing contrapuntal meaning in multimedia concert works. The themes explored in Part I, regarding the use of metaphor to interpret both visual and aural stimuli, ultimately creating a metaphor for a reality never fully grasped due to the limits of human understanding, are further explored artistically in the multimedia concert work, Musica Speculativa. The medieval philosophy of Musica Speculativa suggests that music as it is understood today (musica instrumentalis) is the only tangible form of the metaphysical music ruling human interactions (musica humana) and ordering the cosmos (musica mundana). I found the concept of Musica Speculativa to be a fitting metaphor for how music and art allude to our own perception of reality and our place within that world. The project as a whole re-examines the concept of Musica Speculativa in light of our current technological landscape to gain a deeper understanding of how we interact with the world around us. Temple University--Theses

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Russell, Michael L. "The Phenomenology of Harmonic Progression." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2020. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1703408/.

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This dissertation explores a method of music analysis that is designed to reflect the phenomenology of the listening experience, specifically in regards to harmony. It is primarily inspired by the theoretical approaches of the music theorist Moritz Hauptmann and by the writings of philosopher Edmund Husserl.

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Feinberg, Daniel K. "Infants’ Responses to Affect in Music and Speech." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2013. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/pitzer_theses/44.

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Existing literature demonstrates that infants can discriminate between categories of infant-directed (ID) speech based on the speaker’s intended message – that is, infants recognize the difference between comforting and approving ID speech, and treat different utterances from within these two categories similarly. Furthermore, the literature also demonstrates that infants understand many aspects of music and can discriminate between happy and sad music. Building on these findings, the present study investigated whether exposure to happy or sad piano music would systematically affect infants’ preferences for comforting or approving ID speech. Five- to nine-month-old infants’ preferences for comforting or approving ID speech were examined as a function of whether infants were exposed to sad or happy piano music. Seventeen (10 male, 7 female) full-term, healthy infants were included in the study. It was hypothesized that relative to infants exposed to happy music, infants exposed to sad music would demonstrate a stronger desire to hear comforting ID speech. The study employed an infant controlled, preferential looking procedure to test this hypothesis. The results of the study did not statistically support the researchers’ hypotheses. Limitations of the present work and suggestions for future research are discussed.

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Warrenburg, Lindsay Alison. "Subtle Semblances of Sorrow: Exploring Music, Emotional Theory, and Methodology." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1566765247386444.

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Spurrier, Graham. "Consonant and dissonant music chords improve visual attention capture." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2019. https://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/2125.

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Recent research has suggested that music may enhance or reduce cognitive interference, depending on whether it is tonally consonant or dissonant. Tonal consonance is often described as being pleasant and agreeable, while tonal dissonance is often described as being unpleasant and harsh. However, the exact cognitive mechanisms underlying these effects remain unclear. We hypothesize that tonal dissonance may increase cognitive interference through its effects on attentional cueing. We predict that (a) consonant musical chords are attentionally demanding, but (b) dissonant musical chords are more attentionally demanding than consonant musical chords. Using a Posner cueing task, a standard measure of attention capture, we measured the differential effects of consonant chords, dissonant chords, and no music on attentional cueing. Musical chords were presented binaurally at the same time as a visual cue which correctly predicted the spatial location of a subsequent target in 80% of trials. As in previous studies, valid cues led to faster response times (RTs) compared to invalid cues; however, contrary to our predictions, both consonant and dissonant music chords produced faster RTs compared to the no music condition. Although inconsistent with our hypotheses, these results support previous research on cross-modal cueing, which suggests that non-predictive auditory cues enhance the effectiveness of visual cues. Our study further demonstrates that this effect is not influenced by auditory qualities such as tonal consonance and dissonance, suggesting that previously reported cognitive interference effects for tonal dissonance may depend on high-level changes in mood and arousal.

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Harris, Philip Geoffrey. "Cortical activity associated with rhythmic grouping of pitch sequences." Australasian Digital Thesis Program, 2007. http://adt.lib.swin.edu.au/public/adt-VSWT20071001.113258/index.html.

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Thesis (PhD) - Swinburne University of Technology, Brain Sciences Institute, 2007. A thesis for Doctorate of Philosophy, Brain Sciences Institute, Swinburne University of Technology - 2007. Typescript. Bibliography: p. 245-285.

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Buonviri, Nathan. "EFFECTS OF VISUAL PRESENTATION ON AURAL MEMORY FOR MELODIES." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2010. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/215416.

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Music Education Ph.D. The purpose of this study was to determine how pitch and rhythm aspects of melodic memory are affected by aural distractions when melodic stimuli are presented both visually and aurally, as compared to aurally only. The rationale for this research is centered on the need for improved melodic memory skills of students taking melodic dictation, and the possibility that temporary visual imagery storage of target melodies might enhance those skills. The participants in this study were undergraduate and graduate music majors (n=41) at a large northeastern university. All participants had successfully completed the first two semesters of college-level music theory, and none had perfect pitch. Participants progressed through two self-contained experimental tests at the computer. Identical target melodies were presented: 1) aurally only on one test; and 2) aurally, with visual presentation of the matching notation, on the other test. After the target melody, a distraction melody sounded, during which time participants were to maintain the original target melody in memory. Participants then chose which of two aural options matched the original target, with a third choice of "neither." The incorrect answer choice in each item contained either a pitch or rhythm discrepancy. The 2x2 factorial design of this experiment was based on independent variables of test presentation format and answer discrepancy type. The dependent variable was experimental test scores. Each participant took both parts of both tests, yielding 164 total observations. Additional data were collected for exploratory analysis: the order in which each participant took the tests, the major instrument of each participant, and the educational status of each participant (undergraduate or graduate). Results of a 2x2 ANOVA revealed no significant differences in test scores, based on either test format or answer discrepancy type, and no interaction between the factors. The exploratory analyses revealed no significant differences in test scores, based on test order, major instrument, or student status. Results suggest that visual reinforcement of melodies does not affect aural memory for those melodies, in terms of either pitch or rhythm. Suggestions for further research include an aural-visual melodic memory test paired with a learning modalities survey, a longitudinal study of visual imagery applied to aural skills study, and a detailed survey of strategies used by successful and unsuccessful dictation students. Temple University--Theses

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Buonviri, Nathan. "Audio-OnlyTest [Digital File]." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2010. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/254227.

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Music Education Ph.D. The purpose of this study was to determine how pitch and rhythm aspects of melodic memory are affected by aural distractions when melodic stimuli are presented both visually and aurally, as compared to aurally only. The rationale for this research is centered on the need for improved melodic memory skills of students taking melodic dictation, and the possibility that temporary visual imagery storage of target melodies might enhance those skills. The participants in this study were undergraduate and graduate music majors (n=41) at a large northeastern university. All participants had successfully completed the first two semesters of college-level music theory, and none had perfect pitch. Participants progressed through two self-contained experimental tests at the computer. Identical target melodies were presented: 1) aurally only on one test; and 2) aurally, with visual presentation of the matching notation, on the other test. After the target melody, a distraction melody sounded, during which time participants were to maintain the original target melody in memory. Participants then chose which of two aural options matched the original target, with a third choice of "neither." The incorrect answer choice in each item contained either a pitch or rhythm discrepancy. The 2x2 factorial design of this experiment was based on independent variables of test presentation format and answer discrepancy type. The dependent variable was experimental test scores. Each participant took both parts of both tests, yielding 164 total observations. Additional data were collected for exploratory analysis: the order in which each participant took the tests, the major instrument of each participant, and the educational status of each participant (undergraduate or graduate). Results of a 2x2 ANOVA revealed no significant differences in test scores, based on either test format or answer discrepancy type, and no interaction between the factors. The exploratory analyses revealed no significant differences in test scores, based on test order, major instrument, or student status. Results suggest that visual reinforcement of melodies does not affect aural memory for those melodies, in terms of either pitch or rhythm. Suggestions for further research include an aural-visual melodic memory test paired with a learning modalities survey, a longitudinal study of visual imagery applied to aural skills study, and a detailed survey of strategies used by successful and unsuccessful dictation students. Temple University--Theses

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Buonviri, Nathan. "Audio-VisualTest [Digital File]." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2010. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/254228.

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Music Education Ph.D. The purpose of this study was to determine how pitch and rhythm aspects of melodic memory are affected by aural distractions when melodic stimuli are presented both visually and aurally, as compared to aurally only. The rationale for this research is centered on the need for improved melodic memory skills of students taking melodic dictation, and the possibility that temporary visual imagery storage of target melodies might enhance those skills. The participants in this study were undergraduate and graduate music majors (n=41) at a large northeastern university. All participants had successfully completed the first two semesters of college-level music theory, and none had perfect pitch. Participants progressed through two self-contained experimental tests at the computer. Identical target melodies were presented: 1) aurally only on one test; and 2) aurally, with visual presentation of the matching notation, on the other test. After the target melody, a distraction melody sounded, during which time participants were to maintain the original target melody in memory. Participants then chose which of two aural options matched the original target, with a third choice of "neither." The incorrect answer choice in each item contained either a pitch or rhythm discrepancy. The 2x2 factorial design of this experiment was based on independent variables of test presentation format and answer discrepancy type. The dependent variable was experimental test scores. Each participant took both parts of both tests, yielding 164 total observations. Additional data were collected for exploratory analysis: the order in which each participant took the tests, the major instrument of each participant, and the educational status of each participant (undergraduate or graduate). Results of a 2x2 ANOVA revealed no significant differences in test scores, based on either test format or answer discrepancy type, and no interaction between the factors. The exploratory analyses revealed no significant differences in test scores, based on test order, major instrument, or student status. Results suggest that visual reinforcement of melodies does not affect aural memory for those melodies, in terms of either pitch or rhythm. Suggestions for further research include an aural-visual melodic memory test paired with a learning modalities survey, a longitudinal study of visual imagery applied to aural skills study, and a detailed survey of strategies used by successful and unsuccessful dictation students. Temple University--Theses

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Hoch, Lisianne. "Perception et apprentissage des structures musicales et langagières : études des ressources cognitives partagées et des effets attentionnels." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO20049/document.

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La musique et le langage sont des matériels structurés à partir de principes combinatoires. Les auditeurs ont acquis des connaissances sur ces régularités structurelles par simple exposition. Ces connaissances permettent le développement d’attentes sur les événements à venir en musique et en langage. Mon travail de thèse étudiait deux aspects de la spécificité versus la généralité des processus de traitement de la musique et du langage: la perception et l’apprentissage statistique.Dans la première partie (perception), les Études 1 à 4 ont montré que le traitement des structures musicales influence le traitement de la parole et du langage présenté en modalité visuelle, reflétant l’influence des mécanismes d’attention dynamique (Jones, 1976). Plus précisément, le traitement des structures musicales interagissait avec le traitement des structures syntaxiques, mais pas avec le traitement des structures sémantiques en langage (Étude 3). Ces résultats sont en accord avec l’hypothèse de ressources d’intégration syntaxique partagées de Patel (2003). Nos résultats et les précédentes études sur les traitements simultanés des structures musicales et linguistiques (syntaxiques et sémantiques), nous ont incités à élargir l’hypothèse de ressources d’intégration partagées au traitement d’autres d’informations structurées qui nécessitent également des ressources d’intégration structurelle et temporelle. Cette hypothèse a été testée et confirmée par l’observation d’une interaction entre les traitements simultanés des structures musicales et arithmétiques (Étude 4). Dans la deuxième partie (apprentissage), l’apprentissage statistique était étudié en comparaison directe pour des matériels verbaux et non-verbaux. Plus particulièrement, nous avons étudié l’influence de l’attention dynamique guidée par des indices temporels non-acoustiques (Études 5 et 6) et acoustiques (Étude 7) sur l’apprentissage statistique. Les indices temporels non-acoustiques influençaient l’apprentissage statistique de matériels verbaux et non-verbaux. En accord avec la théorie de l’attention dynamique (Jones, 1976), une hypothèse est que les indices temporels non-acoustiques guident l’attention dans le temps et influencent l’apprentissage statistique.Les études de ce travail de thèse ont suggéré que les ressources d’attention dynamique influençaient la perception et l’apprentissage de matériels structurés et que les traitements des structures musicales et d’autres informations structurées (e.g., langage, arithmétique) partagent des ressources d’intégration structurelle et temporelle. L’ensemble de ces résultats amène de nouvelles questions sur la possible influence du traitement des structures auditives tonales et temporelles sur les capacités cognitives générales de séquencement notamment requises pour la perception et l’apprentissage d’informations séquentielles structurées.Jones, M. R. (1976). Time, our lost dimension: Toward a new theory of perception, attention, and memory. Psychological Review, 83(5), 323-355. doi:10.1037/0033-295X.83.5.323Patel, A. D. (2003). Language, music, syntax and the brain. Nature Neuroscience, 6(7), 674-681. doi:10.1038/nn1082 Music and language are structurally organized materials that are based on combinatorial principles. Listeners have acquired knowledge about these structural regularities via mere exposure. This knowledge allows them to develop expectations about future events in music and language perception. My PhD investigated two aspects of domain-specificity versus generality of cognitive functions in music and language processing: perception and statistical learning.In the first part (perception), musical structure processing has been shown to influence spoken and visual language processing (Études 1 & 4), partly due to dynamic attending mechanisms (Jones, 1976). More specifically, musical structure processing has been shown to interact with linguistic-syntactic processing, but not with linguistic-semantic processing (Étude 3), thus supporting the hypothesis of shared syntactic resources for music and language processing (Patel, 2003). Together with previous studies that have investigated simultaneous musical and linguistic (syntactic and semantic) structure processing, we proposed that these shared resources might extend to the processing of other structurally organized information that require structural and temporal integration resources. This hypothesis was tested and supported by interactive influences between simultaneous musical and arithmetic structure processing (Étude 4). In the second part (learning), statistical learning was directly compared for verbal and nonverbal materials. In particular, we aimed to investigate the influence of dynamic attention driven by non-acoustic (Études 5 & 6) and acoustic (Étude 7) cues on statistical learning. Non-acoustic temporal cues have been shown to influence statistical learning of verbal and nonverbal artificial languages. In agreement with the dynamic attending theory (Jones, 1976), we proposed that non-acoustic temporal cues guide attention over time and influence statistical learning.Based on the influence of dynamic attending mechanisms on perception and learning and on evidence of shared structural and temporal integration resources for the processing of musical structures and other structured information, this PhD opens new questions about the potential influence of tonal and temporal auditory structure processing on general cognitive sequencing abilities, notably required in structured sequence perception and learning.Jones, M. R. (1976). Time, our lost dimension: Toward a new theory of perception, attention, and memory. Psychological Review, 83(5), 323-355. doi:10.1037/0033-295X.83.5.323Patel, A. D. (2003). Language, music, syntax and the brain. Nature Neuroscience, 6(7), 674-681. doi:10.1038/nn1082

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48

Love, Diana Bonham. "The relationship of tempo, pattern length, and grade level on the recognition of rhythm patterns." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77909.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of tempo, pattern length, and grade level on student ability to recognize rhythm patterns. It was intended that the study would also determine if age and experience are factors which affect rhythm recognition and memory. A 48 item Rhythm Pattern Identification (RPI) test was administered to 2146 band students and 114 nonmusic students in grades 6 through 12. The RPI consisted of 48 pairs of rhythm patterns varied in time length (seconds), number of note values (sound events), and tempo. Students indicated if the pairs of rhythm patterns were the same or different. Statistical analysis indicated the reliability estimate (KR-20) of the RPI to range from .445 to .792 with the median being .553. Criterion related validity was established through a correlation of student scores on the Iowa Tests of Music Literacy (Gordon, 1970) and the RPI, r = .39. A multiple regression analysis of the data indicated that .36 of the variance in the RPI scores was attributable to the linear combination of tempo, length in seconds, number of sound events, and grade level. As expected, the independent variables of length in seconds and length in sound events were significantly correlated R = .63; however, there were no significant correlations between the other independent variables. Inverse relationships were found between tempo and score and length and score. Beta weights indicated that the number of sound events was the most significant influence on student scores. Data indicated a slight increase in score from one grade level to the next with significant differences occurring between grades six and eleven and twelve and between grades seven and eleven and twelve. The results of the study indicate that length of pattern in seconds, number of sound events, tempo, and grade level all affect memory of rhythm patterns. These findings corroborate with those of Dowling (1973), Sink (1983), and Fraisse (1982). The implications for music education are: (1) tempo may be a factor that influences how students learn rhythm and (2) student perception of rhythm may be more affected by the length of the rhythm pattern in the number of sound events rather than the length of a pattern in seconds. Future research should include further investigation of young students ability to comprehend rhythm patterns. It is evident that young students can perceive and recognize as complex patterns as older students. Ed. D.

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Aarden, Bret J. "Dynamic melodic expectancy." The Ohio State University, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1060969388.

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Salselas, Inês. "Exploring interactions between music and language during the early development of music cognition. A computational modelling approach." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/112058.

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This dissertation concerns the computational modelling of early life development of music perception and cognition. Experimental psychology and neuroscience show results that suggest that the development of musical representations in infancy, whether concerning pitch or rhythm features, depend on exposure both to music and language. Early musical and linguistic skills seem to be, therefore, tangled in ways we are yet to characterize. In parallel, computational modelling has produced powerful frameworks for the study of learning and development. The use of these models for studying the development of music information perception and cognition, connecting music and language still remains to be explored. This way, we propose to produce computational solutions suitable for studying factors that contribute to shape our cognitive structure, building our predispositions that allow us to enjoy and make sense of music. We will also adopt a comparative approach to the study of early development of musical predispositions that involves both music and language, searching for possible interactions and correlations. We first address pitch representation (absolute vs relative) and its relations with development. Simulations have allowed us to observe a parallel between learning and the type of pitch information being used, where the type of encoding influenced the ability of the model to perform a discrimination task correctly. Next, we have performed a prosodic characterization of infant-directed speech and singing by comparing rhythmic and melodic patterning in two Portuguese (European and Brazilian) variants. In the computational experiments, rhythm related descriptors exhibited a strong predictive ability for both speech and singing language variants' discrimination tasks, presenting different rhythmic patterning for each variant. This reveals that the prosody of the surrounding sonic environment of an infant is a source of rich information and rhythm as a key element for characterizing the prosody from language and songs from each culture. Finally, we built a computational model based on temporal information processing and representation for exploring how the temporal prosodic patterns of a specific culture influence the development of rhythmic representations and predispositions. The simulations show that exposure to the surrounding sound environment influences the development of temporal representations and that the structure of the exposure environment, specifically the lack of maternal songs, has an impact on how the model organizes its internal representations. We conclude that there is a reciprocal influence between music and language. The exposure to the structure of the sonic background influences the shaping of our cognitive structure, which supports our understanding of musical experience. Among the sonic background, language's structure has a predominant role in biasing the building of musical predispositions and representations. Esta tesis aborda la modelización computacional de algunos fenómenos de la percepción y cognición de la música durante el período de desarrollo en la primera infancia. La Psicología experimental y la Neurociencia muestran resultados que sugieren que el desarrollo de las representaciones del ritmo o de la altura musicales durante la infancia son dependientes de la exposición tanto a la música como al lenguaje de las culturas en las que se nace y crece. La capacidad musical y lingüística, durante los primeros años de desarrollo, están inter-relacionadas de formas que aún no ha sido posible caracterizar. En paralelo, las herramientas computacionales proporcionan un marco teórico y empírico eficaz para el estudio del aprendizaje y el desarrollo. El uso de los modelos computacionales para estudiar el desarrollo de la percepción y la cognición de información musical, conectando la música y el lenguaje, todavía queda por explorar. Así, nos proponemos producir soluciones computacionales adecuadas para el estudio de los factores que contribuyen a dar forma a nuestra estructura cognitiva y a la construcción de las predisposiciones que nos permiten disfrutar y dar sentido a la música. También adoptamos una perspectiva comparativa para la investigación que, englobando la música y el lenguaje, busca sus posibles interacciones y correlaciones. Primeramente, hemos abordado la representación de la altura tonal (absoluta vs. relativa) y sus relaciones con el desarrollo. Las simulaciones computacionales han permitido observar que el tipo de codificación utilizada ha influido en la capacidad del modelo para efectuar correctamente una tarea de discriminación, lo cual sugiere una relación entre el aprendizaje y el tipo de información de altura que se utiliza. Seguidamente, se ha realizado una caracterización prosódica del habla y del canto dirigidos al bebé, mediante la comparación de patrones rítmicos y melódicos en dos variantes de Portugués (Europeo y Brasileño). En los experimentos computacionales, los descriptores relacionados con el ritmo han exhibido una fuerte capacidad predictiva para el habla y canto, en tareas de discriminación de variante de lenguaje, siendo observados diferentes patrones rítmicos para cada variante. Se revela que la prosodia del entorno sonoro de un bebé es una fuente rica de información y que el ritmo es un elemento fundamental para la caracterización de la prosodia del lenguaje y las canciones de una cultura. Por último, se construyó un modelo computacional basado en el procesamiento y representación de información temporal para explorar cómo los patrones prosódicos temporales del habla de una cultura específica influyen en el desarrollo de las representaciones y predisposiciones rítmicas. Las simulaciones muestran que la exposición al ambiente sonoro circundante influye en el desarrollo de las representaciones temporales y que la estructura del entorno a que se esta expuesto, específicamente, la falta de canciones maternales, tiene un impacto sobre la forma como el modelo organiza sus representaciones rítmicas internas. Se concluye que existe una influencia recíproca entre la música y el lenguaje. La exposición a la estructura del entorno sonoro influye en la formación de la estructura cognitiva, que sustenta la comprensión de la experiencia musical. De entre todos los “inputs” del entorno sonoro, la estructura del lenguaje tiene una influencia predominante en la construcción de predisposiciones y representaciones musicales.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Musical perception and cognition'

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