Academic literature on the topic 'Mustache cups'

1. In mammals with good low-frequency hearing, the medial superior olive (MSO) processes interaural time or phase differences that are important cues for sound localization. Its cells receive excitatory projections from both cochlear nuclei and are thought to function as coincidence detectors. The response patterns of MSO neurons in most mammals are predominantly sustained. In contrast, the MSO in the mustached bat is a monaural nucleus containing neurons with phasic discharge patterns. These neurons receive projections from the contralateral anteroventral cochlear nucleus (AVCN) and the ipsilateral medial nucleus of the trapezoid body (MNTB). 2. To further investigate the role of the MSO in the bat, the responses of 252 single units in the MSO to pure tones and sinusoidal amplitude-modulated (SAM) stimuli were recorded. The results confirmed that the MSO in the mustached bat is tonotopically organized, with low frequencies in the dorsal part and high frequencies in the ventral part. The 61-kHz region is overrepresented. Most neurons tested (88%) were monaural and discharged only in response to contralateral stimuli. Their response could not be influenced by stimulation of the ipsilateral ear. 3. Only 11% of all MSO neurons were spontaneously active. In these neurons the spontaneous discharge rate was suppressed during the stimulus presentation. 4. The majority of cells (85%) responded with a phasic discharge pattern. About one-half (51%) responded with a level-independent phasic ON response. Other phasic response patterns included phasic OFF or phasic ON-OFF, depending on the stimulus frequency. Neurons with ON-OFF discharge patterns were most common in the 61-kHz region and absent in the high-frequency region. 5. Double tone experiments showed that at short intertone intervals the ON response to the second stimulus or the OFF response to the first stimulus was inhibited. 6. In neuropharmacological experiments, glycine applied to MSO neurons (n = 71) inhibited any tone-evoked response. In the presence of the glycine antagonist strychnine the response patterns changed from phasic to sustained (n = 35) and the neurons responded to both tones presented in double tone experiments independent of the intertone interval (n = 5). The effects of strychnine were reversible. 7. Twenty of 21 neurons tested with sinusoidally amplitude-modulated (SAM) signals exhibited low-pass or band-pass filter characteristics. Tests with SAM signals also revealed a weak temporal summation of inhibition in 13 of the 21 cells tested.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

This chapter describes the fanciful character “Mustapha Rub-a-Dub Keli Khan” created by early America’s leading fiction writer, Washington Irving. Mustapha is a Tripoli ship captain “held prisoner in New York.” Trapped behind enemy lines, he spies on the land of his captivity, writing home to his friend Asem. Mustapha’s concern, however, is America’s own “Bashaw”: Thomas Jefferson. Jefferson is pictured as a “grand” Sultan who “governs” a New World “empire.” Although Irving’s letters were facetious, they capitalized on serious anxieties confronting Jefferson’s America. Interweaving Islam and imprisonment, while sending covert reports of an American President to a “slave-driver” in North Africa, Irving’s parody cuts rather close to home, even though framed through a Muslim lens.

This paper addresses an issue with gas turbine manifolds. The manifolds were developing cracks once the exhaust gas output properties were changed. Exhaust gas velocities and temperatures have increased as the gas turbine efficiency increased putting thermal strain into the system. One of the other effects of the increase in gas turbine flow was the introduction of flow induced vibrations into the system. The source of the vibration will not be addressed in this paper and will be investigated in the future. Data for this case study was gathered at various gas turbine sites throughout the United States, either first hand or by representation. Site photos were taken, field reports were written, and a field fix was developed by a gas turbine system component Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM). This fix has been working and the OEM had asked for analytical data to determine its reliability. Principle used to determine Critical Uncertainties and Probabilities (CUP) on the system were engineering Computation Tools, Algorithms, Methodologies, and Engineering Interpretation (CAME). The principles of CUP and CAME are being further developed my Mr. Ciras and Prof. Mustapha S. Fofana at Worcester Polytechnic Institute in Worcester, MA. The principles of six sigma, axiomatic design, and lean manufacturing were used as techniques to evaluate and valuate the most suitable solution to this problem. For this case study, the entire system around the fault area was looked at and analyzed. The system is composed of the turbine inlet, the gas turbine and its mounting system, the exhaust manifold, the exhaust diffuser, and the Heat Recovery Steam Generators (HRSG) along with interacting components within the system. CUP was use on each system component to determine with certainty what was causing the failures to prove the reliability of the field fix established by the OEM. The solution to this issue was established by suggesting proper manufacturing techniques; such as welding, material selection, allowance for thermal growth, proper installation of the external installation, proper fastening methods for the external installation and suggestions for improvements in the other system components. The proof was completed and the reliability of the fix relies heavily on the interaction of the system components in the area of the manifold.