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Ang, H. C. "Biophysical characterisation and rescue of p53 cancer mutants." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.596120.
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The aim of this thesis was to use biophysical methods to characterise the stabilities and DNA binding properties of monomeric and tetrameric p53 cancer mutants, and to study various approaches aimed at rescuing structural mutants of p53. A detailed study of the destabilising effects of p53 mutations was performed using differential scanning calorimetry and urea denaturation, while equilibrium binding of p53 mutants to a specific promoter sequence, gadd45, was studied using fluorescence anisotropy and analytical ultracentrifugation. This thesis will also discuss how p53 structural mutants may be rescued by suppressor mutations that either increase the overall protein stability of compensate specifically for oncogenically induced loss of interactions. Stability and DNA-binding measurements showed that the destabilising effects of mutations H168R and R249S were not additive, and that these mutations in combination restored DNA binding. Similar biophysical techniques were used in analysing a series of p53 core domain mutants in which the residue Ser-116 in the middle of flexible loop L1 was mutated. One mutant, S1116C, was found to be more stable than previously predicted. The crystal structure showed how the mutation had led to formation of a new hydrogen-bonding network. Altogether, these protein-engineering studies provided useful insights into possible ways to rescue p53 function. A small set of compounds was selected based on the nature of proteins and peptides that were known to interact with p53. NMR spectroscopy was used to screen for compounds binding to the protein target and to probe for atomic detail of binding interactions. It was shown that 15N-1H HSQC could be used for screening and deconvoluting mixtures of compounds, in the presence of 5% v/v d6-DMSO, at relatively high throughput.
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Estevan, Barber Anna. "Influence of genotoxic drug-induced post-translational modifications on mutant p53 stability and oncogenic activities." Thesis, University of Dundee, 2018. https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/1ec28205-8590-4044-91b0-0c5f68206c2c.
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The tumour suppressor p53 is often disrupted by missense mutations that can result in p53 protein accumulation and acquisition of novel oncogenic activities. Various studies have demonstrated that DNA-damaging drugs currently used in the clinic aimed at activating wild type p53, can also stabilise and activate mutant p53 oncogenic functions and thereby paradoxically enhance tumour progression, resulting in poor response to the treatment. In this study we aimed to investigate whether, like in wt p53, post-translational modifications (PTMs) drive such drug-induced mutant p53 accumulation and activation. For this purpose, we generated plasmids expressing non-phosphorylatable and phospho-mimic versions of R175H mutant p53 and tested them in different cell line models. We demonstrated that in response to DNA damage mutant p53 is accumulated and phosphorylated and these phenomena appeared to be mediated by ATM and ATR kinases. DNA-damage induced acetylation was also observed and occurred in a S15 phosphorylation-dependent manner. This suggested a role of the HAT p300, which is recruited by phosphorylated S15. Of note, other works have shown that p300 is required to trigger some oncogenic functions of mutant p53. We then aimed at developing systems to explore mutant p53 functions and their dependence on PTMs. Although we showed that cell growth is compromised upon endogenous mutant p53 depletion, exogenous expression of mutant p53 or its phosphorylation-site forms did not result in a successful rescue in our experimental conditions, thus we were unable to use this strategy to test the effect of PTMs. Ectopic expression of R175H mutant p53 or its phosphorylayion-site versions did not interfere with the growth rate and response to chemotherapy of the p53-null cell line H1299. We also found that mutant p53 phosphorylation does not affect subcellular localisation of mutant p53 and mutant p53-mediated inhibition of p63. Interestingly, ectopically expressed mutant p53 enhanced cell migration in H1299 cells. Notably, our results suggested an apparent threshold effect of mutant p53 levels required to induce migration. Due to the difficulty of obtaining cell lines expressing similar levels of the different phosphorylation-site mutants, the determination of the role of phosphorylation in mutant p53-induced migration was not conclusive. Remarkably, we found that, while S15 and S20 phosphorylation decreased MDM2-dependent degradation, only phosphorylated S20 interfered with CHIP-induced turnover in H1299 cells. Overall our data suggest that, despite exhibiting opposite biological effects, mutant and wt p53 can share upstream regulatory mechanisms and thus present phosphorylation as a promising target to prevent mutant p53 stabilisation and activation and improve response to therapy. Our results also highlight the challenge of developing a good system for determining the effects of the mutant p53 protein and its regulation by PTMs.
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Souza, Felipe da Costa. "Geração e caracterização de linhagens isogênicas portadoras de mutantes de p53: modelo para avaliar a estratégia de reparação dos genes p53 e p16 INK4A na presença dos mutantes p53R175H e p53R248Q." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/42/42134/tde-26072012-102241/.
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A destruição funcional das vias de controle do ciclo celular constituem um evento comuns em todos os tumores humanos. Muitos estudos associam mutações em p53 com mau prognostico no tratamento do câncer. Nesse trabalho, visamos a geração e caracterização de linhagens isogênicas portando diferentes mutantes de p53 como modelo de estudo para remediação simultânea de p53 e p16 na presença de mutantes hotspots específicos. Os mutantes R175H e R248Q não geraram alterações na cinética de proliferação da linhagem H358, mas levaram a um aumento de 27,5% na eficiência de plaqueamento e, no caso de R248Q, ao dobro de eficiência na formação de colônias em suspensão. Os resultados do tratamento das linhagens isogênicas com adenovírus Adp16 e Adp53 mostraram que os mutantes não interferiram no parada do ciclo celular em G1 induzida por p16.Alterations of the cell cycle pathway are a common event in all human tumors. Several studies have shown a correlation between hotspot mutations and an unfavorable profile for cancer therapies. Hence, this study aims the generation and characterization of isogenic cell lines, harboring p53 mutants, as model to investigate the replacement of p53 and p16 genes on these mutant H358 cell lines. Our data identified that neither p53R175H nor p53R248Q mutants accelerated cell cycle progression. However, both leads to a 27,5% increased plate efficiency while R248Q leads to a two-fold increases in the number of colonies formed in soft agar. Our data also showed that the mutants did not affect the efficiency of p16 replacement.
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Roger, Lauréline. "Etude des mécanismes de la régulation de l'EMT par le suppresseur de tumeur p53 dans un modèle de cellules de carcinome du colon." Montpellier 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON20182.
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Le suppresseur de tumeur p53 est un facteur de transcription impliqué dans la progression du cycle cellulaire et dans l'apoptose. Outre ses fonctions majeures, p53 régule également la migration et l'adhérence cellulaire qui sont deux évènements impliqués dans le processus métastatique. L'évolution maligne d'un carcinome peut aussi impliquer la répression transcriptionnelle de CDH1, qui code pour la E-cadhérine, protéine constitutive des jonctions adhérentes. Nous avons recherché si et comment p53 régule certains évènements moléculaires qui contrôle le processus métastatique. Nous montrons que la forme sauvage de p53 réprime directement la transcription de CDH1 dans des lignées cellulaires humaines de carcinome du colon (HCT116). Cette répression est associée à une expression de novo de la vimentine et à l'acquisition d'une morphologie plus fibroblastique. L'une des cibles transcriptionnelle majeure de p53, p21WAF1 court-circuite l'effet répresseur de p53 sur la transcription de CDH1. Trois mutants dominant-négatifs de p53 (R273H, R175H et V143A) répriment également la transcription de CDH1. De plus, l'expression stable du mutant V143A dans les cellules HCT116 p53-/- mime partiellement le phénotype observé suite l'accumulation aberrante de p53. De façon surprenante, ce phénotype mésenchymateux n'est pas associé à une augmentation des propriétés invasives. Ce travail implique p53 dans la régulation d'évènements moléculaires qui peuvent conduire à l'acquisition d'un phénotype mésenchymateuxThe p53 tumour suppressor gene encodes a transcriptional regulator that monitor proliferation signals to prevent cells from uncontrolled growth. However, p53 has also alternative functions. Notably, loss of p53 favours cell migration and invasion, processes involved in tumour metastasis. Given that epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) also increases cell migration by altering the cell phenotype and morphology, we hypothesized that p53 controls molecular alterations that mediate EMT during cancer progression. Analysis of E-cadherin promoter activity and chromatin immunoprecipitation identified p53 as a direct transcriptional repressor of E-cadherin in human colon carcinoma cells, HCT116. Aberrant levels of p53 disrupted E-Cadherin-based cell-cell contacts and induced a more mesenchymal phenotype with downregulation of E-Cadherin and induction of the mesenchymal gene, vimentin. In addition, p21Waf-1 impeded p53 transcriptional repression and restored in part cell to cell adhesion. Furthermore, HCT116p53-/- cells overexpressing dominant-negative form of p53 also displayed the EMT-like phenotype. Neither p53 nor mutant p53–mediated shift toward mesenchymal morphology led to an increase of cell invasiveness. This work and our previous finding of mutant p53-mediated cell invasion identify p53 as a novel regulator of EMT and offer new perspectives in the comprehension of metastasis
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Li, Lianjie. "Mutations in tumor suppressor p53 and deregulation of cellular metabolism." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/19513.
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Mutation des p53 Gen ist die häufigste genetische Veränderung in allen humanen Tumoren. Weit verbreitete p53 misssense-Mutationen heben die Tumor suppressive Funktion auf und führen zu gain-of-function Eigenschaften, die Tumorproliferation, Chemoresistenz, Angiogenese, Migration, Invasion und Metastasen fördern.
In dieser Arbeit haben ich für drei solche Hotspot-Mutationen, p53R245Q, p53R246S und p53R270H, eine höhere Sensitivität gegenüber Behandlung mit Piperlongumine in p53-defizienten MEFs und Eµ-myc Lymphomzellen im Vergleich zur Kontrolle und den anderen drei Hotspot-Mutationen, p53R172H, p53G242S und p53R279Q, gefunden. Nachfolgend, haben ich entdeckt, dass Piperlongumine-induzierter Zelltod durch ROS Akkumulation über die Aktivierung von p38 und JNK, vermittelt wurde. Das Antioxidans N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) oder p38/JNK Inhibitoren konnten vollständig oder teilweise Piperlongumine-induzierten Zelltod unterdrücken. Nach Behandlung mit Piperlongumine, haben die p53R245Q, p53R246S und p53R270H-Mutanten die Aktivierung von p21 inhibiert und so die Aktivierung und Funktion von NRF2, durch Piperlongumine induziert, blockiert, dass zu dem massiven Zelltod in Zellen mit diesen Mutationen beiträgt. Auf ähnliche Weise, verursachte der klinisch verwendete Inhibitor von Crm1, KPT-330, schweren Zelltod in p53-/- MEFs mit den p53R245Q, p53R246S und p53R270H-Mutationen. Folglich könnte Crm1 als potenzielles Target für Lymphome mit p53R245Q, p53R246S und p53R270H-Mutationen berücksichtigt werden.
Zusammenfassend bekräftigen die Daten in dieser Arbeit das Phänomen, dass oxidativer Stress oder Crm1 Inhibitoren effektiv Zellen mit p53R245Q, p53R246S und p53R270H-Mutationen eliminieren können, mit niedriger Toxizität für Kontrollzellen. Demzufolge, könnten oxidativer Stress Signalwege oder Crm1 als potenzielle Angriffsziele für Lymphome mit p53R245Q, p53R246S und p53R270H-Mutationen dienen.Mutation of the p53 gene is the most common genetic alteration among all human cancers. Prevalent p53 missense mutations abrogate its tumor suppressive function and lead to gain-of-function properties that promote cancer cell proliferation, chemoresistance, angiogenesis, migration, invasion, and metastasis. This doctoral thesis aims to identify the metabolic vulnerabilities of six p53 hotspot mutants in lymphomas. In this work, three hotspot mutants, p53R245Q, p53R246S and p53R270H, were more sensitive to piperlongumine treatment in p53-deficient MEFs and Eμ-myc lymphoma cells than the empty control and the other three hotspot mutants, p53R172H, p53G242S and p53R279Q. Thereafter, I found piperlongumine-induced cell death was mediated by ROS accumulation via the activation of p38 and JNK. Antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) or p38/JNK inhibitors could completely or partially suppress piperlongumine-induced cell death. Upon piperlongumine treatment, p53R245Q, p53R246S and p53R270H-mutant inhibited piperlongumine-induced activation of p21 and consequently attenuated the activation and function of NRF2 induced by piperlongumine, contributing to the massive cell death in cells harboring these mutants. Similarly, KPT-330, a clinical inhibitor of Crm1, also caused severe cell death in p53-/- MEFs harboring p53R245Q, p53R246S and p53R270H-mutant. This implied that Crm1 could be also considered as a potential target for lymphomas harboring p53R245Q, p53R246S and p53R270H-mutant. Taken together, data presented in this work underscore the phenomenon that exogenous oxidative stress or Crm1 inhibitor is effective in eliminating cells harboring p53R245Q, p53R246S and p53R270H-mutant with low toxicity to cells harboring the empty control, suggesting oxidative stress pathways or Crm1 as potential targets in lymphomas with p53R245Q, p53R246S and p53R270H-mutant.
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Toppaldoddi, Katte Rao. "Role of rare calreticulin mutants and of the endoplasmic reticulum stress in the pathogenesis of myeloproliferative neoplasms." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCC322/document.
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Après la découverte des mutations de la calréticuline dans les néoplasmes classiques myéloproliferatifs négatifs pour le Ph1, les travaux se sont focalisés sur les deux mutations les plus fréquentes, c'est-à-dire la calréticuline del52 et l’ins5, mais il existe environ 20% de mutants rares de la calréticuline (une cinquantaine), qui ont été classés en type-1 « like » et type-2 « like », classification basée sur leur structure. Cependant il reste à déterminer si cette classification est pertinente du point de vue fonctionnel, ce qui pourrait avoir des conséquences pour la prise en charge des patients et leur traitement. Ici, nous démontrons que deux mutants rares de type-1 (del34 et del46) et un de type-2 (del19) se comportent de manière similaire aux deux mutations fondatrices de cette classification, del52 et ins5, respectivement. Ces résultats ont été validés par des expériences in vivo chez la souris. Tous les mutants de la calréticuline (del19, del34 et del46) nécessitent absolument le récepteur de la thrombopoïétine, appelé MPL, pour induire une transformation cellulaire en provoquant une activation indépendante de la thrombopoïétine de la voie MPL / JAK2-STAT, comme les mutants del52 et ins5. Dans les expériences de transplantation de moelle osseuse de souris, les mutants rares de type-1 sont associés à une progression fréquente de la maladie d’un tableau proche d’une thrombocytémie essentielle à une myélofibrose, tandis que le mutant rare de type 2 est associé à une légère thrombocytose. Du point de vue hématopoïétique, les mutants rares de type-1 provoquent une amplification au niveau des cellules souches hématopoïétiques donc à un stade précoce tandis que les mutants rares de type-2 provoquent une amplification tardive de la mégacaryopoïèse. Grâce à une modélisation protéique basée sur l'homologie des mutants de calréticuline, nous avons identifié des domaines oncogènes qui seraient potentiellement responsables de l'interaction pathologique de la calréticuline et de MPL pour conduire à une activation indépendante de la thrombopoïétine. Maintenant, ces résultats in silico doivent être absolument validés par des études structure fonction. Enfin, nous avons modélisé un nouveau mécanisme de signalisation dans la leucémie myéloïde chronique comprenant IRE-1alpha, un bras de la voie de réponse des protéines mal repliées (UPR), qui pourrait être responsable de la perte de la fonction de la p53 pendant la progression de la leucémie myéloïde chronique vers une leucémie aiguë. Un tel mécanisme pourrait être impliqué dans les autres MPNAfter the discovery of calreticulin mutations in classical Ph1- Myeloproliferative Neoplasms, extensive investigation is underway on the two most frequent mutations, i.e., del52 and ins5, but it remains that the rare calreticulin mutants, which include both type-1 like and type-2 like require a similar investigation for ascertaining whether the classification of type-1 and type-2 has a functional relevance as well as for therapeutic intervention and patient management. Here we demonstrate that type-1 like (del34 and del46) and type-2 like (del19) mutants behave similarly as del52 and ins5 mutants, respectively. Moreover, we validate our findings with in vivo experiments. All the calreticulin mutants (del19, del34 and del46) absolutely require the thrombopoietin receptor, MPL, to induce cell transformation by causing ligand independent activation of the MPL/JAK2-STAT pathway. In mouse bone marrow transplantation experiments, type-1 like mutants are associated with frequent progression from an essential thrombocythemia-like phenotype to myelofibrosis whereas type-2 like mutant is associated with mild thrombocytosis. Type-1 like mutants cause clonal amplification of early hematopoetic stem cells whereas the type-2 like mutant causes late platelet amplification. Further, by homology based protein modeling of calreticulin mutants, we have identified possible oncogenic domains responsible for pathologic interaction of CALR and MPL leading to ligand independent activation of MPL. Now they must be validated by structural-functional studies Finally, we have modelled a novel signaling mechanism in chronic myeloid leukemia comprising of IRE-1alpha, an unfolded protein response (UPR) pathway arm, which may be responsible for loss of the WT p53 function during leukemic development and progression. Such a mechanism may be involved in the other MPNs
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Osadchuk, Olha. "Optimalizace izolace mutantního proteinu p53 a jeho DNA vazebné vlastnosti." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-413550.
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Protein p53 je jednou z nejdůležitějších molekul v lidském těle. P53 reguluje celou řadu procesů v buňce, jako je například oprava DNA, buněčný cyklus nebo indukce apoptózy. Protein p53 je známý i jako „strážce genomu“. DNA vazebné schopnosti proteinu p53 jsou důležité pro normální vývoj a růst buňky. Mutace genu pro p53 mohou vést ke ztrátě jeho DNA vazebných vlastností a funkce nádorového supresoru, což muže způsobit rozvoj rakoviny. Teoretická část této diplomové práce je zaměřena na popis vlastností, funkce a mechanismus aktivace proteinu p53 a popis lokálních sekundárních struktur DNA. Hlavním cílem experimentální části byla produkce čtyř mutantních forem proteinů p53 a wild-type p53 proteinu a studium jejich vazebných vlastnosti s různými lokálními sekundárními strukturami DNA. Pomoci Gateway klonovacího systému byly připraveny čtyři expresní vektory, které byly použity pro produkci proteinů v bakteriálním expresním systému. Celkem byly úspěšně připraveny čtyři mutantní formy a wild-type p53 protein. Jejich vazebné vlastnosti byly studovány gelovou retardační analýzu. Výsledky naznačují různé DNA-vazebné vlastnosti wild-type p53 a studovaných mutantních forem tohoto proteinu. Všechny mutantní proteiny ztratily schopnost sekvenčně specificky vázat DNA, zatímco nespecifická interakce s DNA byla pozorována u tří ze čtyř mutantních forem. Jeden ze studovaných mutantních proteinů se vázal jenom na superhelikální formu DNA.
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Pellerano, Morgan. "Développement d'un biosenseur fluorescent d'un mutant de p53 sujet à l'agrégation dans les cancers." Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTT053.
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P53 est un suppresseur de tumeur qui joue un rôle clé dans la régulation de la transcription, la réparation de l'ADN, l'instabilité génétique, la sénescence, la régulation du cycle cellulaire et l'apoptose. Cette protéine, normalement nucléaire, se lie à l’ADN et régule la transactivation. Cependant, elle est souvent mutée dans les tumeurs humaines, entraînant une inactivation fonctionnelle et une prédisposition au cancer. Les mutants p53 se peuvent-être de deux catégories des mutants de « contact » ou « conformationnel ». Ces derniers entraînant des changements de conformation pouvant induire une agrégation de la protéine de type amyloïde. Des études récentes ont montré que l’agrégation de p53 pouvait être efficacement reversée, rétablissant ainsi la fonction de p53 chez la souris. Les approches de diagnostic actuelles basées sur le séquençage génétique permettent d'identifier le statut mutationnel de p53, mais ne renseignent pas sur son statut conformationnel. Le but de ma thèse est de développer un biosenseur peptidique fluorescent qui reconnaît et rend compte des mutants conformationnels de p53 exprimés dans des cancers humains. Nous avons caractérisé et optimisé la réponse de ce biosenseur par conjugaison avec différentes sondes sensibles à l'environnement. Nous avons également étudié leur capacité à signaler de manière sélective le mutant R248Q de p53 in vitro à l’aide de formes recombinantes de protéines p53 de type sauvage et mutantes, ainsi que de lysats de lignées cellulaires de cancer du poumon exprimant p53 de type sauvage (A549), le mutant R248Q (PC9) ou p53 - / - (H1299). Après avoir établi les conditions de travail optimales et les limites du biocapteur in vitro, nous avons appliqué ce biosenseur à l’imagerie de cellules vivantes par microscopie à fluorescence, après avoir procédé à l’internalisation cellulaire facilitée par un peptide vecteur (ou CPP : Cell Penetrating Peptide) afin d’établir son potentiel pour de futures applications de diagnostic et thérapeutiques. Nous avons de plus vérifié la réponse du biosenseur à l'expression induite de mutants conformationnels de p53, ainsi qu'à sa régulation négative, à la fois in vitro et dans des cellules vivantesP53 is a tumour suppressor that plays a key role in transcriptional regulation, DNA repair, genetic instability, senescence, cell cycle regulation and apoptosis. This normally nuclear protein tetramerizes to bind DNA and regulate transactivation. However it is often mutated in human tumours, leading to functional inactivation and predisposing to cancer. p53 mutants are distinguished as “contact” or “structural”, the latter resulting in conformational changes which may induce amyloid-like protein aggregation. Recent studies have shown p53 aggregation may be effectively reversed thereby restoring p53 function in mice. Current diagnostic approaches based on genetic sequencing allow to identify the mutational status of p53, but do not inform on its conformational status. The aim of my thesis is to develop a fluorescent peptide biosensor that recognizes and reports on conformational mutants of p53 expressed in human cancers. We have characterized and optimized the response of this biosensor through conjugation to different environmentally-sensitive probes. We have further investigated their ability to report selectively on the R248Q mutant of p53 in vitro using recombinant forms of wildtype and mutant p53 proteins as well as lysates from lung cancer cell lines that express wild-type p53 (A549), the R248Q mutant (PC9), or p53 - / - (H1299). Having established the optimal working conditions and limitations of the biosensor in vitro, we applied this biosensor to image living cells by fluorescence microscopy, following facilitated cellular internalization by a cell-penetrating peptide, so as to establish its potential for therapeutic perspectives. We are further monitoring response of the biosensor to induced expression of conformational mutants of p53, as well as to its downregulation, both in vitro and in living cells
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Saundh, Harpal. "Targeting mutant p53 in cSCCs." Thesis, University of Dundee, 2016. https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/29e37f0d-5ed7-483c-9a92-87212934d72b.
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Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is a type of non-melanoma skin cancer that is the 4th most common cancer registration in Scotland after BCC, lung and breast cancer. Over 30,000 cSCC incidences are reported each year in the United Kingdom. In addition, around 1 in 4 skin cancer deaths in the UK are due to cSCCs. Amongst those highly prone to developing cSCCs include organ transplant recipient, immunosuppressed, recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (RDEB) and Xeroderma Pigmentosum (XP) patients. cSCC patients that display regional metastasis have a 5-year survival rate of 25-50%, whilst this rate is close to 0% in RDEB patients with multiple cSCCs. Wild-type p53 (wt-p53) has been shown to prevent cSCC development and induce tanning and sunburn responses in skin cells. However, TP53 mutations are found in over half of all human cancers and cSCC is no exception as TP53 mutational frequency in cSCCs is around 64-87.5% (Durinck et al, 2011; South et al, 2014). The majority of TP53 mutations in cSCCs are UV-signature missense mutations, highlighting UV-radiation as one of the main risk factors for cSCC development. Mutant p53 proteins can lose wt-p53 functions, have dominant-negative effects against wt-p53 and acquire gain of function (GOF) activities. Mutant p53 GOF activity is induced by the accumulation of mutant p53 in tumour cells. Mutant p53 accumulation is not due to intrinsic properties of the mutants but requires other cellular events, possibly those known to stabilise wt-p53 under cellular stress. It is known that the TP53 mutations and mutant p53 accumulation are early steps in cSCC development. This makes skin an excellent system to investigate the early changes to p53. We have investigated the potential of targeting mutant p53 for cSCC therapy and mechanisms that promote mutant p53 accumulation in cSCCs. We selected low-passage cSCC cell lines that express hotspot mutant p53 proteins, in cSCCs and in general, by analysing TP53 mutational data from the IARC database and next generation sequencing studies performed on cSCC primary tumours by Dr South at Ninewells Hospital, Dundee. cSCC cell lines were generated from immunocompetent, transplant and RDEB patients by Dr South’s group at Ninewells Hospital, Dundee. We found that: 1. PRIMA-1MET, a small molecule reported to restore wt-p53 activity, lacked tumour selectivity as it is able to reduce cell viability in both normal skin and cSCC cells with similar potency. cSCC cell lines are relatively resistant to PRIMA-1MET compared to cell lines derived from other tumour types. 2. Mutant p53 knockdown studies performed on cSCC cell lines suggest that some p53 mutants play a pro-proliferative role. However, there is no evidence for a pro-migratory role of mutant p53 in cSCC. 3. There are no clear alterations in DNA-damage response pathways or the general ubiquitin proteasome system that could contribute to mutant p53 stabilisation in cSCC. 4. Heat shock factor 1 (HSF-1) is upregulated in cSCC compared to normal human keratinocytes (NHK). HSP90 inhibitors, 17-AAG and 17-DMAG, reduce mutant p53 protein levels suggesting that HSP90 plays a role in stabilising mutant p53 in cSCCs. 5. PR-619, a broad range deubiquitinating enzyme (DUB) inhibitor, reduces mutant p53 protein levels in a range of cSCC cell lines. This is rescued by the addition of bortezomib suggesting that DUBs can play a role in protecting mutant p53 from proteasomal degradation. Expression of HAUSP and USP10, which have been shown to stabilise wild-type p53, is generally elevated in cSCC compared to NHK. However, knockdown of these DUBs does not reduce protein levels of mutant p53 in cSCC cell lines. 6. A potential isoform of MDMX (51 kDa) is strongly upregulated in all cSCC cell lines examined. There is an association between the ability of MDMX siRNAs to deplete the 51 kDa protein and reduce mutant p53 protein levels and stability. Furthermore we show that the protein can form complexes with MDM2 in vitro and in cSCC cells. We propose that the MDMX isoform is able to stabilise mutant p53 in cSCC cells through this interaction with MDM2.
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Marini, Wanda. "Comparing mutant p53 and a wild-type p53 isoform, p47 : rationale for the selection of mutant p53 in tumours." Thesis, McGill University, 2009. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=116033.
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One of the major unresolved questions in cancer biology is why the majority of tumour cells express mutant p53 proteins. p53 is considered the prototype tumour suppressor protein, whose inactivation is the most frequent single genetic event in human cancer (Bourdon et al., 2005). Genetically-engineered p53-null knockout mice acquire multiple tumours very early on in life and human Li-Fraumeni families who carry germline mutations in p53 are highly cancer-prone (reviewed in Vousden and Lane, 2007). p53 mutant proteins have been found to acquire novel functions that promote cancer cell proliferation and survival, yet exactly why mutant p53s acquire oncogenic activity is still poorly understood. Mutant p53 has also been found to complex with wildtype p53, thus acting in a dominant negative way. However, this inhibition is incomplete since many cancers with mutant p53 alleles also have a loss of the second wild-type p53 allele and thus only express the mutant p53 (Baker et al., 1989). An N-terminal truncated p53 isoform, p47, arising from alternative splicing of the p53 gene (Ghosh et al., 2004) or by alternative initiation sites for translation (Yin et al. , 2002), has been described. Alternative splicing was found to be universal in all human multi-exon genes (Wang et al., 2008) and therefore determining the role of the p47 isoform with respect to the p53 gene is essential. Evidence in this study suggests that mutant p53 (p53RI75H) has a similar structure and function as p47, including the ability to complex with and impair both p53 and p73. Therefore, in addition to expressing a tumour suppressor protein, the p53 gene can also express an onco-protein (p47). This study therefore argues that tumours select for mutant p53 because it has gained the ability to function like p47, a wild-type p53 isoform.
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Zache, Nicole. "Studies of mutant p53-targeting small molecules /." Stockholm : Karolinska institutet, 2007. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2007/978-91-7357-322-1/.
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Field, Brittany. "MUTANT P53 REGULATION OF CXC-CHEMOKINE EXPRESSION IN HEAD AND NECK SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA." VCU Scholars Compass, 2012. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/442.
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Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the 6th most common type of cancer in the western hemisphere with a five-year survival rate of only 50% for patients with a localized tumor, which decreases significantly to as low as 5% for those patients with tumors that have metastasized to distant sites of the body. It has been found that both mutant p53 and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling pathways function to increase the expression of CXCL5, which has been identified as a key mediator in the process of tumor metastasis. Previous data from our lab suggested that the p53 homolog, p63, may function as a negative regulator of CXCL5 and that mutant p53 may inhibit this molecule to elevate CXCL5 expression levels. In the current study we utilized an model system in which the H179L p53 mutant was expressed in HN4 cells to investigate the hypothesis that mutant p53 enhances expression of CXCL5 by both interfering with p63 function and cooperating with EGFR/EPS8 signaling, leading to increased cell proliferation and motility. The results of the current study indicate a role for mutant p53 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma proliferation, migration and tumorigenicity, possibly through enhancement of CXCL5 expression. We were able to show that mutant p53 expression caused an increase in the expression of this chemokine in addition to increasing proliferation and migration of the cells compared to the vector control. Additionally, we showed that p63 protein is a negative regulator of CXCL5 that is downregulated in the cells expressing mutant p53, which suggests that through direct interaction, mutant p53 may function to inhibit p63 function as well as target it for degradation. These results support the hypothesis that GOF mutant p53 enhances expression of CXCL5 by interfering with p63 function in cancer cells. The results of the current study results also showed that upon treatment with EGF, HN4 cells expressing mutant p53 express elevated levels of CXCL5; and that the mutant p53-expressing HN4 cells cooperate with EGFR/EPS8 signaling to further deregulate chemokine expression. These data taken together suggest there are complex interactions taking place between mutant p53, p63, EGFR signaling, and CXCL5 to regulate the biological processes that promote tumor progression that could lead to metastasis. Additional studies are needed to further elucidate the molecules involved in the mutant p53 mechanism that promotes tumorigenesis.
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Johnson, Thomas M. "p53 transactivation domain mutant knock-in mice provide novel insight into p53 tumor suppressor function /." May be available electronically:, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/login?COPT=REJTPTU1MTUmSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=12498.
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Vaughan, Catherine. "Investigation of Gain-of-Function Induced by Mutant p53." VCU Scholars Compass, 2015. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/3965.
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p53 is mutated in 50% of all human cancers, and up to 70% of lung cancer. Mutant p53 is usually expressed at elevated levels in cancer cells and has been correlated with a poor prognosis. Cancer cells that express mutant p53 show an increase in oncogenic phenotypes including an increase in growth rate, resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs, and an increase in motility and tumorigenicity to name a few. We have identified several genes involved in cell growth and survival that are upregulated by expression of common p53 mutants: NFκB2, Axl, and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). The aim of this study was to determine the role NFκB2, Axl, and EGFR play in mutant p53’s gain of function (GOF) phenotype and to determine a mechanism for upregulation of mutant p53 target gene upregulation.
Inhibition of mutant p53 in various cancer cell lines using RNAi in the form of transient siRNA transfection or stable shRNA cell line generation caused a decrease in the gain of function ability of those cells in the form of reduced chemoresistance, reduced cell growth and motility, and a reduction in tumor formation. Additionally, inhibition of NFκB2, Axl, and EGFR also showed similar effects. Promoter deletion analysis of the NFκB2 promoter did not show a specific mutant p53 response element needed for mutant p53 mediated transactivation. Similarly, deletion of the p53/p63 binding site on the Axl promoter did not inhibit mutant p53 transactivation. Sequence analysis of the NFκB2, Axl, and EGFR promoters revealed several transcription factor binding sites located throughout the promoters. ChIP analysis of mutant p53 and the promoter-specific transcription factor binding revealed that in the presence of mutant p53, individual transcription factor binding is increased to the NFκB2, Axl, and EGFR promoters as well as an increase in acetylated histone binding. This data suggests that mutant p53 promotes an increase in transcription by inducing acetylation of histones via recruitment of transcription factors to the promoters of mutant p53 target genes.
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Choi, Mi-Yon. "P53 mediated cell motility in H1299 lung cancer cells." VCU Scholars Compass, 2010. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/109.
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Studies have shown that gain-of- function mutant p53, AKT, and NFκB promote invasion and metastasis in tumor cells. Signals transduced by AKT and p53 are integrated via negative feedback between the two pathways. Tumor derived p53 was also indicated to induce NFκB gene expression. Due to the close relationship between p53/AKT and p53/NFκB, we hypothesized that AKT and NFκB can enhance motility in cells expressing mutant p53. Effects on cell motility were determined by scratch assays. CXCL5- chemokine is also known to induce cell motility. We hypothesized that enhanced cell motility by AKT and NFκB is mediated, in part, by CXCL5. CXCL5 expression levels in the presence and absence of inhibitors were determined by qRT-PCR. We also hypothesized that gain-of-function mutant p53 contributes to the activation of AKT. The effect of mutant p53 on AKT phosphorylation was investigated with a Ponasterone A- inducible mutant cell line (H1299/R175H) and vector control. These results indicated that AKT and NFκB enhance motility in cells expressing mutant p53 and this enhanced motility is, in part, mediated by CXCL5. However, AKT phosphorylation was independent of mutant p53.
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Turrell, Frances Kathryn. "Gain-of-function and dominant-negative effects of distinct p53 mutations in lung tumours." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/271848.
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Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide with current treatments providing limited therapeutic benefit in most cases. TP53 (Trp53, p53) mutations occur in approximately 50% of lung adenocarcinoma cases and are associated with poor prognosis and so novel therapies that target these p53 mutant lung tumours are urgently needed. Despite the high frequency of p53 mutations in lung tumours, the impact these mutations have on response to therapy remains unclear in this cancer type. The aim of my project is to characterise the gain-of-function and dominant-negative effects of p53 mutations in lung tumours and to identify ways of therapeutically targeting these p53 mutant tumours based on dependencies and susceptibilities that our analysis uncovers. To characterise the gain-of-function and dominant-negative effects of p53 mutations I compared p53 mutant murine lung tumour cells that endogenously express either a contact (R270H, equivalent to R273H in humans) or conformational (R172H, equivalent to R175H in humans) p53 mutant protein and p53 null lung tumour cell lines; both in the presence and absence of wild-type p53. Interestingly, transcriptional and functional analysis uncovered metabolic gain-of-functions that are specific to the type of p53 mutation. Upregulation of mevalonate pathway expression was observed only in R270H lung tumours and consequently R172H and R270H lung tumours displayed distinct sensitivities to simvastatin, a mevalonate pathway inhibitor widely used in the clinic. Furthermore, the transcriptional signature underlying this sensitivity to simvastatin was also present in human lung tumours with contact p53 mutations, indicating that these findings may be clinically relevant. On the other hand, our analysis of the potential dominant-negative effects of the p53 mutants on wild-type p53 demonstrated that wild-type p53 was able to induce typical p53 target genes to a similar level in p53 null and mutant cells. Furthermore, wild-type p53 restoration resulted in comparable tumour suppressive responses in p53 mutant and null tumours and thus, p53-restoration therapy will likely be of benefit to patients with p53 mutations in lung cancer. Hence, I have demonstrated that lung tumours harbouring contact and conformational p53 mutations display common and distinct therapeutic susceptibilities.
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Junk, Damian Jerome. "Determining the Role of p53 Mutation in Human Breast Cancer Progression Using Recombinant Mutant/Wild-Type p53 Heterozygous Human Mammary Epithelial Cell Culture Models." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/193600.
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Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed form of cancer in women and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease consisting of many types of tissue neoplasia, and there appears to be no model of how a particular lesion develops into an aggressive, malignant, invasive carcinoma. Genetic mutation and aberrant epigenetic regulation are among the most common events that lead to neoplasia. In breast cancer, p53 mutation is the most common genetic defect related to a single gene. Therefore, this dissertation focuses on the mechanisms and consequences of p53 mutation during breast tumorigenesis. Genome-wide analysis of gene expression and epigenetic modifications in a panel of breast cancer cell lines suggested that p53 mutation and aberrant epigenetic silencing were cooperating mechanisms in the silencing of wild-type p53 target genes during cancer progression. Therefore, models of p53 inactivation were created in non-malignant human mammary epithelial cells to determine the role of p53 mutation on the epigenetic status of its target genes and the acquisition of malignant phenotypes. Comparisons of each model demonstrated that differing modes of p53 inactivation produced different functional consequences. Loss of wild-type p53 function alone ablated the normal cellular response to external stress stimuli, but had no affect on the expression of genes or epigenetic status in untreated cells. Introduction of missense mutant p53 protein caused very few changes when the protein was expressed at low levels. However, accumulation of mutant p53 caused a variety of gene expression changes and interfered with endogenous wild-type p53. The accumulation of mutant p53 also caused an increase in migration and invasion of the cells that expressed it. Interestingly, epigenetic aberrations were not detected in response to any of the p53 manipulations. These data suggest that accumulation of missense mutation is particularly dangerous to normal cells. They also suggest that p53 mutation and epigenetic aberration are two distinct mechanisms, which overlap and cooperate during tumorigenesis. These data suggest that treatment strategies for human breast cancer should include modalities to target both defects for increased efficacy.
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Khokhar, Shama Khan. "Differential effects of mutant TAp63γ on transactivation of p53 and/or p63 responsive genes and their effects on global gene expression." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1197497418.
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Chandrachud, Uma. "Differential interaction of wild type and mutant p53 to promoter sequences and analysis of interacting proteins." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2009.
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Olive, Kenneth P. "The germline- and tissue-specific effects of endogenous point-mutant p53." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/31186.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Biology, 2005.Vita.
Includes bibliographical references.
p53 is frequently altered in human tumors through missense mutations that result in accumulation of mutant p53 protein. These mutations may confer dominant-negative or gain-of- function properties to p53. To ascertain the physiological effects of tumor-associated point- mutations in p53, the structural mutant p53R172H and the contact mutant p53R270H (codons 175 and 273 in humans) were engineered into the endogenous p53 locus in mice. p53R270H/+ and p53R172H/+ mice are mouse models of Li-Fraumeni Syndrome (LFS). They developed allele- specific tumor spectra that were distinct from p53+/- mice and that better reflect the broad spectrum of tumors found in LFS patients. Dominant effects that varied by allele and function were observed in primary cells derived from these mice. In addition, p53R270H/- and p53R172H/- mice developed novel tumors compared to p53-/- mice, including hemangiosarcomas and variety of carcinomas. These data support a gain-of-function effect by mutant p53 toward the development of epithelial and endothelial tumors. Furthermore, conditional mutant p53 alleles were used in combination with a conditional activated K-ras allele to generate mouse models of advanced lung adenocarcinoma. In this system, the effects of endogenous mutant p53 were found to be both allele-specific and tissue- specific. This work provides insight into the spectrum of p53 mutations in human cancers and demonstrates that point-mutant p53 alleles expressed under physiological control have enhanced oncogenic potential beyond the simple loss ofp53 function.
bu Kenneth Paul Olive.
Ph.D.
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Masood, Rubana. "The Effects of Gain of Function Mutant p53 and p63 on EPS8 and CXCL5 Expression in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma." VCU Scholars Compass, 2013. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/530.
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Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is one of the ten most common cancers worldwide, with a survival rate of less than 50%. A class of mutant p53, known as gain of function (GOF) mutant p53, has been found to be expressed in tumors in these patients. GOF mutant p53 not only loses the wild type tumor suppressor functions, but also gains aberrant functions that have been linked to tumorigenesis. In this current study, we utilized a model system consisting of cells derived from HNSCC tumors in order to investigate our hypothesis that GOF mutant p53 enhances, and p63 inhibits, EPS8 and CXCL5 expression and promoter activity. We found decreased EPS8 expression, CXCL5 expression, and cellular migration associated with the loss of GOF mutant p53. This indicates an enhancing role of GOF mutant p53 in cellular migration and expression of these target genes. The loss of GOF mutant p53 was also associated with decreased EPS8 and CXCL5 promoter activity, indicating upregulation of these target gene promoters by GOF mutant p53. We found increased EPS8 expression,CXCL5 expression, and cellular migration with the loss of p63 in cell expressing high levels of p63. This indicates an ixinhibitory role of p63 on the expression of these target genes and cellular migration. Loss of p63 was also associated with increased EPS8 and CXCL5 promoter activity, indicating p63 may be downregulating these target gene promoters. Based on our knowledge of EPS8 and CXCL5 in tumorigenesis, our findings suggest that GOF mutant p53 and p63 play opposing rolesin HNSCC tumorigenesis. Additional studies are needed to further elucidate the mechanism by which GOF mutant p53 and p63 regulate EPS8 and CXCL5 expression and promoter activity.
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Jones, Rhiannon N. "Towards the design and synthesis of a p53 mutant Y220C rescue drug." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2018. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/74884/.
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The DNA damage response is an important barrier to tumorigenesis. Impairment of p53 function is crucial to tumorigenesis by allowing evasion of p53 dependent responses. The mechanisms involve either (i) missense mutations, (ii) partial abrogation of signaling pathways or effector molecules that regulate p53, (iii) epigenetic deregulation. The tyrosine to cysteine mutation, Y220C, in p53 is found in around 100,000 new cancer cases per annum. This mutation destabilizes the core domain by 4 kcal mol-1 and destabilizes p53 under physiological conditions. The large to small mutation results in the fusing of two shallow pockets to create an extended surface cleft that a number of different fragments bind. The small molecule PK083, 1-(-ethyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)-N-methanamine, binds the mutant-specific crevice with a KD = 150 μM and raised the protein mutant's half-life to over 15 minutes vs. 4 minutes in the absence of the ligand. This presents an ideal starting point towards the design of a p53 rescuing drug. A library of carbazoles was designed and synthesized, guided by SAR studies, crystallographic information and computational chemistry, with the aim of optimizing the structure toward a more potent PK083 analogue. Affinity gains were achieved by exploitation of direct fluorine-protein interactions between PK9255 (N-methyl-1-(9- (2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-9H-carbazol-3-yl)methanamine), and the backbone carbonyls of Leu145 and Trp146 and the thiol of Cys220, resulting in a Kd = 28 μM. Further affinity gains were achieved through SAR studies targeting the proline-rich subsite II. Chemistry was optimized to allow a diversity-oriented synthesis toward 2,6,9- substituted carbazoles. A small library of PK083 analogues, where the subsite II targeting group was a halogen, ether, ester, amide or heterocycle were synthesized, identifying the heterocyclic compounds as most potent. A scan of heterocyclic compounds was carried out to identify the most potent heterocyclic substitution.
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Ruddell, Carolyn Jennifer. "Antisense oligonucleotide-mediated inhibition of mutant P53 expression in cultured human cells." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.367250.
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Woods, Nicholas Taylor. "Regulation of bax activation and apoptosis by src and acetylated mutant p53." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2008. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002641.
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David, Karine. "Analyse der Expression von Mutanten p53 in normalen und Tumorzellen." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2000. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=963606085.
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Hill, Natasha Tremayne. "Vitamin D receptor and 1alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 mediated regulation of DeltaNp63alpha." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1450456950.
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Klimovich, Boris [Verfasser], and Oleg [Akademischer Betreuer] Timofeev. "Exploring mutant p53 targeting strategies for cancer therapy / Boris Klimovich ; Betreuer: Oleg Timofeev." Marburg : Philipps-Universität Marburg, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1204199825/34.
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Gadepalli, Venkat Sundar. "ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF MULTIPOTENT LUNG STEM CELLS FROM p53 MUTANT MICE MODELS." VCU Scholars Compass, 2014. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/3644.
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Recent advances in understanding lung biology have shown evidence for the existence of resident lung stem cells. Independent studies in identifying and characterizing these somatic lung stem cells have shown the potential role of these cells in lung repair and regeneration. Understanding the functional characteristics of these tissue resident stem/progenitor cells has gained much importance with increasing evidence of cancer stem cells, cells in a tumor tissue with stem cell characteristics. Lung cancer is most commonly characterized by loss of p53 function which results in uncontrolled cell divisions. Incidence of p53 point mutations is highest in lung cancer, with a high percentage of missense mutations as a result of tobacco smoking. Certain point mutations in p53 gene results in its oncogenic gain of functions (GOF), with enhanced tumorigenic characteristics beyond the loss of p53 function. However, there are no available data on characterization of lung stem cells carrying GOF mutations and correlating them with those of normal stem cells, in this study, for the first time we show that percentage of Sca-1 expressing subpopulation is significantly higher in the lungs of mice carrying p53 GOF mutations than those in lungs isolated from p53+/+ wild type mice. Further, we successfully established lung cells differentially expressing two cell surface markers, Sca-1 and PDGFR-α, with results demonstrating existence of different subpopulations of cells in the lung. Results from our project demonstrate the importance of p53 GOF mutations as correlated with specific lung cell subpopulations.
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Kuzniar, Beata. "Human lymphoblastoid cell lines expressing mutant p53 exhibit decreased sensitivity to cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ34061.pdf.
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Heath, Nikki. "An investigation into the role of microvesicles in mutant p53 invasive gain-of-function." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2015. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/6895/.
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p53 is a transcription factor with tumour suppressive attributes which is known to be mutated in over half of human cancers. As well as compromising the ability of p53 to function as a transcription factor, mutations in p53 often result in a gain-of-function phenotype which is characterised by increased ability of cancer cells to migrate and invade. This is mediated by the ability of mutant p53 to increase recycling of α5β1 integrin and receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) from endosomes to the plasma membrane; a process which is dependent on the Rab11 effector, Rab Coupling Protein (RCP) and the phosphatidic acid generating enzyme, diacylglycerol kinase-α (DGKα). Despite accumulating evidence linking RCP/DGKα-dependent receptor recycling to invasive migration, the mechanisms by which mutant p53 controls endosomal trafficking were still unclear when the current study was instigated. Initial experiments indicated that the mutant p53 gain-of-function phenotype was not cell autonomous, and could be passed to p53 null cells by incubating them with conditioned medium from mutant p53 (R273H)-expressing cells. Furthermore, fractionation approaches indicated that the mutant p53 phenotype was transmitted between cells by a microvesicle vector. Upon treatment with microvesicles collected from mutant p53 expressing cells, p53 null cells displayed increased α5β1 integrin and RTK recycling and the consequent invasive/migratory behaviour that was dependent on these RCP and DGKα-regulated trafficking events. Despite a requirement for RCP in the response of p53 null cells to microvesicles, this Rab11 effector was not required for the production of pro-invasive microvesicles. Rather, mutant p53-expressing cells relied on Rab35 (but not Rab27a or Rab27b) for the production and/or release of microvesicles that were capable of transferring mutant p53’s gain-of-function phenotype. An in-depth RNA sequencing analysis indicated that microvesicles from mutant p53 cells influenced the endocytic trafficking and migratory characteristics of p53 null cells without detectably altering mRNA expression in these recipient cells. This indicated the possibility that microvesicles from mutant p53-expressing cells may act directly on the endomembrane system of recipient cells. Immunoprecipitation experiments indicated that there was a physical interaction between Rab35 and podocalyxin (PODXL), a highly-charged sialomucin which is known to directly influence membrane organisation. Additionally, PODXL was detectable in microvesicular preparations by mass spectrometry. Microvesicles purified from mutant p53-expressing cells in which PODXL had been knocked down using siRNA, had significantly reduced capacity to promote integrin/RTK recycling and mutant p53-like migratory behaviour in p53 null cells, indicating that PODXL, as well as Rab35, is a key factor responsible for transmitting mutant p53’s gain-of-function phenotype between cells. In addition to being incapable of influencing the migration of other cells, Rab35 knockdown cells themselves migrated with the characteristics of p53 null cells. Interestingly, microvesicles from mutant p53-expressing cells restored mutant p53-like migratory behaviour in these Rab35 knockdown cells. These data indicate that Rab35 and PODXL-dependent production of phenotype altering microvesicles not only influences the migration of neighbouring cells in a paracrine fashion, but may constitute an autocrine link between mutant p53 and integrin trafficking in the mutant p53 cells themselves. Finally, I have found that p53 null cells may be educated by microvesicles from mutant p53-expressing cells to themselves release cell migration-altering microvesicles, providing further evidence supporting the existence of microvesicle-based autocrine/paracrine mechanisms that may act to propagate mutant p53’s invasive gain-of-function within both homogeneous and heterogeneous populations of tumour cells.
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Agarwal, Stuti. "Pemetrexed, A Modulator of AMP-activated Kinase Signaling and an Inhibitor of Wild type and Mutant p53." VCU Scholars Compass, 2015. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/4003.
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New drug discoveries and new approaches towards diagnosis and treatment have improved cancer therapeutics remarkably. One of the most influential and effective discoveries in the field of cancer therapeutics was antimetabolites, such as the antifolates. The interest in antifolates increased as some of the antifolates showed responses in cancers, such as mesothelioma, leukemia, and breast cancers. When pemetrexed (PTX) was discovered, our laboratory had established that the primary mechanism of action of pemetrexed is to inhibit thymidylate 22 synthase (TS) (E. Taylor et al., 1992). Preclinical studies have shown that PTX has a broad range of antitumor activity in human and murine models of cancer (Adjei, 2000; Adjei, 2004; S. Chattopadhyay, Moran, & Goldman, 2007; Miller et al., 2000). Accordingly, in February 2004, the FDA issued first-line treatment approval for pemetrexed in malignant pleural mesothelioma and in 2008 for first line treatment for locally advanced or metastatic NSCLC (reviewed in (Rollins & Lindley, 2005). As an antifolate this level of therapeutic activity of PTX against lung cancers was surprising and atypical (Hazarika, White, Johnson, & Pazdur, 2004). This led us to the question whether the effects of pemetrexed on other folate-dependent targets could explain the clinical activity of the drug. Our lab showed that, in addition to inhibiting thymidylate synthase, PTX also inhibits aminoimidazolecarboxamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase (AICART), the second folate-dependent enzyme of de novo purine synthesis. Inhibition of AICART leads to massive accumulation of its substrate 5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide ribonucleotide (ZMP), causing activation of AMP-dependent kinase (AMPK), which ultimately leads to suppression of mTORC1 signaling, a central regulator of cell growth and proliferation. This secondary mechanism could explain the unusual activity of PTX against mesothelioma and lung cancers. The large proportion of lung cancers are either null or mutant for p53 function. Therefore, this thesis focused on defining what the role of p53 is in the PTX-mediated AMPK activation and mTORC1 inhibition and how the loss of p53 affects mTORC1 signaling. These two questions proved to be interlinked. Chapter 2 investigates this relationship in detail. We found that, upon loss of p53, mTORC1 signaling is enhanced to a significant degree in colon carcinoma and lung cancer cell lines. Clearly, this observation required explanation. We found that the major factors responsible for these differences in mTORC1 activity upon loss of p53 23 were lower levels of two p53 target genes Tuberin (TSC2) and sestrin2. Immunoprecipitation studies of mTORC1 complexes from p53 wt and p53 null cells revealed quite interesting differences in the components of the mTORC1 complex. Immunoprecipitates from p53 null cells had higher levels of mTOR and lower levels of TSC2 and PRAS40 bound to raptor. This suggested that, in comparision to p53 competent cells, p53 null cells have more mTORC1 complex with enhanced activity due to decreased interaction of TSC2 and PRAS40, both of which are inhibitors of mTORC1. These observations explained the higher mTORC1 in p53 null cells and laid the foundation for determining the role of p53 in PTX-activated AMPK and mTORC1 inhibition. In the experiments described in Chapter 3, we found that PTX-mediated AMPK activation inhibited mTORC1 regardless of the p53 status in colon carcinoma cells. This suggested that mTORC1 inhibition by PTX was either independent of p53 mediated negative regulation of mTORC1 or was somewhere bypassing it. Therefore, we compared the effects of PTX with the classic AMPK activator aminoimidazolecarboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR). In spite of a common mechanism of AMPK activation, namely, expansion of cellular ZMP levels, signaling from AMPK activated by PTX or AICAR were quite different. PTX-activated AMPK phosphorylated the mTORC1 component Raptor but not tuberin (TSC2), whereas AICARactivated AMPK phosphorylated both the targets. This differential behavior of two AMPK activators was due to differential behavior of p53 under these two treatments. Both, AICAR and PTX treatment led to increase in p53 levels but the p53 that accumulated after AICAR treatment was transcriptionally active while the p53 that accumulated after PTX treatment was not. Transcription of p53 targets, including TSC2 and sestrin2, was activated in AICAR- but not in PTX-treated cells. In the absence of p53 function, TSC2 was deficient and mTORC1 activity 24 enhanced, but Raptor phosphorylation by AMPK following PTX was robust and independent of both p53 and TSC2. Therefore we concluded that p53 deficiency suppresses TSC2 and upregulates mTORC1, but AMPK-phosphorylation of Raptor after pemetrexed treatment was sufficient to suppress mTORC1, even in TSC2 deficiency. This suggested pemetrexed as a drug for treatment of Tuberous Sclerosis, a genetic disease caused by functional inactivity of TSC1 or TSC2 due to point mutations in these genes. Mutation of p53 is one of the most common genetic alterations in human cancers and tumors. Cancers that express mutant p53 tend to be more aggressive, resistant to chemotherapy and show worse prognosis then p53-null tumors (Elledge et al., 1993; Olivier et al., 2006). This tumor-promoting activity of mutant p53 has been correlated with acquired and novel transcriptional activities of mutant p53. It has been shown that mutp53 can activate the transcription of cell growth promoting genes, such as, NFκB2, PCNA, MDR1, Axl, EGFR, hTERT, and HSP70, which are not usually transcriptional targets of wt p53. Interestingly, we found that whereas DNA damaging drugs enhance the acquired oncogenic transcriptional activities of mutp53, PTX interferes with this transcription activation. We also found in Chapter 4 that PTX can limit or block the DNA damaging drug-mediated increment of transcriptional activation of mutp53. This suggests that blockade of transcriptional activation of mutp53 by pemetrexed may provide an additional therapeutic benefit in mutp53 bearing cancers. As discussed in Chapter Three, although pemetrexed (with TdR) increases the levels of p53 and its binding to the promoter of its target gene, p21, this p53 is transcriptionally inactive. In order to understand the mechanism of the pemetrexed-mediated transcriptional defect of wt p53, we studied the PTX-mediated signaling towards ATM and ATR and their effects on their substrates Chk2 and Chk1, respectively. These studies suggested that the difference between 25 signaling under AICAR treatment and PTX treatment was that, unlike PTX, AICAR treatment was leading to DNA damage, followed by Chk2 phosphorylation at Thr68. We found there were three major differences between AICAR and pemetrexed (+ TdR) mediated signaling: AICAR caused DNA damage, followed by ATM mediated phosphorylation of Chk2 at Thr68 and phosphorylation of p53 at Ser15 all of which lead to activation of p53 transcriptional activity, events which do not take place under PTX treatment. Studies aimed at understanding the effects of PTX on wt and mutp53 transcriptional activities are discussed in detail in Chapters Three and Four of this dissertation. Overall, we concluded that PTX interferes with the transcription activity of wild type as well as gain-of-function mutant p53. The blockade of DNA damaging agent-mediated enhancement of mutp53 transcription activity by PTX, suggests the clinical relevance of PTX in carcinomas with mutp53. We suggest that this could be one of the contributing factors in the effects of PTX against human lung cancers.
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Najem, Ahmad. "Drug combination strategies to abrogate resistance in NRAS mutant melanoma." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/258096.
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Melanoma is the deadliest form of skin cancer and one of the most difficult cancers to treat. Gene alterations identified in melanoma pointed to distinct molecular subsets of tumors with direct implications in therapeutic strategies. Activating mutations in NRAS, found in 20-30% of melanomas have been associated with aggressive clinical behavior and a poor prognosis. Nevertheless, there is lack of effective targeted therapies for NRAS mutant melanoma.Out of the few MEK inhibitors, pimasertib, a potent inhibitor of both MEK1 and MEK2 has showed promising results in NRAS mutant advanced melanoma. However, as a single agent and similar to other MEK inhibitors, it showed a limited clinical benefit due to its rather cytostatic effect and high toxicity. Our and other preliminary studies clearly indicated a stimulation of MITF (Microphthalmia associated transcription factor), the master transcription factor regulating cell growth and differentiation in the melanocyte, under MEK inhibition challenge. Thus, in a context where the tumor suppressor p53 is largely inactivated in melanoma, the stimulation of MITF may be the cause of the restraint cytotoxic effects of MEK inhibitors. Therefore, we aimed to further investigate the downstream MITF targets that can explain the resistance to the drugs.First, we showed that, MEK inhibition (by Pimasertib) led to a significant inhibition of cell proliferation but with a very limited effect on apoptosis that may be explained by the systematic MITF upregulation in all lines tested. Indeed, Mimicking MITF activation of expression by stimulating cAMP conferred resistance to MEK inhibition and interestingly up-regulated Bcl-2 expression. Further evidence was provided by the fact that, acquired resistance to MEK inhibition is associated with substantial upregulation of the anti-apoptotic signaling MITF/Bcl-2. More importantly, selective Bcl-2 inhibition by ABT-199 or Bcl-2 knock out using CRISPER/Cas9 system restores the sensitivity of NRAS mutant melanoma cells to MEK inhibition and breaks the acquired resistance.Given the known p53 regulating effect on Bcl-2, we evaluated p53 reactivation by PRIMA-1Met (APR-246) under MEK inhibition on the promotion of apoptosis in a panel of Q61NRAS mutant melanoma cells. Strikingly and similarly, this combination not only resulted in a synergistic effect to induce massive apoptosis but also broke resistance to MEK inhibitors both in cells with wild type or mutant p53 alike.In conclusion, we showed that the activation of cAMP/MITF/Bcl-2 pathway is a main anti-apoptotic mechanism associated with resistance to MEK inhibition in NRAS mutant melanoma. We propose drug combinations cotargeting MEK and other proteins regulating apoptosis -p53/Bcl-2- as a promising and clinically relevant therapeutic strategy to not only act in synergy to cause massive apoptosis but also to overcome resistance to MEK inhibitors in NRAS mutant melanomaDoctorat en Sciences biomédicales et pharmaceutiques (Pharmacie)
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Takeda, Haruna. "Accelerated onsets of gastric hamartomas and hepatic adenomas/carcinomas in Lkb1[+/-]p53[-/-] compound mutant mice." Kyoto University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/135681.
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Shi, Hong. "Propriétés fonctionnelles et modulation pharmacologique de p53ser249, un mutant de la p53 spécifiquement exprimé dans les Carcinomes hépatocellulaires." Lyon 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LYO10334.
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Le gène TP53 code pour un suppresseur de tumeurs, la protéine p53, qui est inactivée par mutation ou perte d'allèles dans plus de 50% des cancers. Une mutation particulière, R249S, qui consiste en une substitution au codon 249 (AGG vers AGT, arginine vers sérine), est très souvent détectée dans les carcinomes hépatocellulaire (CHC) dans un contexte étiologique d'exposition à l'aflatoxine. Dans ce contexte, il est rare d'observer des mutations sur d'autres codons, même ceux qui sont des cibles pour la formation d'adduits par des métabolites de l'aflatoxine in vitro. Pour explorer ce paradox, nous avons étudié les propriétés de ce mutant par sur-expression dans des cellules de CHC dépourvues de TP53, ou par inhibition par interférence d'ARN dans des lignes exprimant constitutivement R249S. [. . . ]
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Greene, Shaquita T., and Ying Zhang. "HIV-1 PR P51 Mutant Complex Formation with Inhibitors." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2012. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/biology_hontheses/4.
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Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) has become a global pandemic with at least 25 million deaths and no cure. One of the most important targets to inhibit this virus is HIV-1 protease (PR), which is required to cleave the viral proteins needed for maturation of the virus after it invades and replicates in the host cell. There are nine protease inhibitors that are used in AIDS treatment. The virus loses susceptibility to these inhibitors by drug resistance due to mutations. The goal of the project is to examine the highly drug resistant HIV PR P51 in its complex with inhibitors. In this experiment we expressed and purified HIV PR P51 protein. We performed protein crystallization with inhibitors Tipranavir, Amprenavir, Darunavir, and Saquinavir to obtain the structure of the protease and the inhibitors in their complexes. Future analysis of the crystal structures will help with the development of successful therapeutic inhibitors.
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Scian, Mariano J. "MODULATION OF GENE EXPRESSION BY TUMOR-DERIVED MUTANT p53. ROLE OF TRANSACTIVATION IN GAIN-OF-FUNCTION." VCU Scholars Compass, 2005. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5518.
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It was hypothesized that the C-terminal sequences for mutant p53 would be required for oligomerization. and oligomerization may be critical for gain-of-function. An N-terminal deletion mutant of p53 that deletes amino acids 1-293 was used as a tool to perform hetero-oligomerization studies. This mutant retains the entire oligomerization domain but dispenses off the transactivation domain and a large portion of the sequence- specific DNA-binding domain. Co-transfection experiments show that p53 del. 1-293 forms hetero-oligomeric complexes with p53-D281G. Also. co-expression of p53 del. 1- 293 with p53-D281G inhibited p53-D28lG-mediated transactivation of the EGFR and MDRl promoters suggesting that hetero-oligomerization inactivates transcriptional functions of mutant p53. The interaction of p53 deli 1-293 and p53-D281G reduced transactivation potential of p53-D281G in stably transfected 10(3) murine cells. Therefore, the data presented supports the idea that proper oligomeric forms of mutant p53 are required for its transactivation function. Expression of mutant p53-D2810 also resulted in increased growth rate (H1299 cells), decreased chemosensitivity (H1299 and 21PT cells) and increased plating efficiency (Saos-2 cells). Expression of a transactivation deficient mutant p53 did not induce gain-of-function properties (increased growth rate and decreased chemosensitivity). Unlike the other gain-of-function properties tested, soft agar plating efficiency in Saos-2 cells was not significantly affected by the expression of a transactivation deficient mutant p53, suggesting that transactivation may not be the only factor affecting this gain-of-function property In order to identify the genes responsible for the observed phenotypes, global gene expression analyses were carried out using p53-null H1299 cell stably transfected to express mutant p53 (-Rl75H, -R273H and -D281G). A thorough and stringent analysis revealed 150 genes up-regulated by the expression of mutant p53. Up-regulation of a number of these genes was confirmed by QPCR and transient transcriptional promoter analyses; expression of the transactivation deficient mutant p53-D2810 (L22Q/W23S) did not result in up-regulation of the tested genes further supporting the idea that transactivation of genes is directly related to gain-of-function phenotypes. Using the ASNS gene as a model, this transactivation by mutant p53 was concentration dependent and that the increased transcription did indeed result in increased protein levels.
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Meneghetti, Bruna Valandro. "Efeitos de proteínas p53 mutantes associadas à síndrome de Li-Fraumeni na viabilidade celular em condições basais e sob estresse genotóxico." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/163707.
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A síndrome de Li-Fraumeni (SLF) é uma síndrome rara de predisposição a câncer associada a mutações germinativas no gene supressor tumoral TP53. As vias de sinalização da proteína p53 estão envolvidas na regulação da apoptose, das paradas do ciclo celular, da senescência e do reparo de danos no DNA. As mutações em p53 mais comumente encontradas em tumores estão distribuídas ao longo do domínio de ligação ao DNA, incluindo a mutação G245S associada à SLF. No entanto, a mutação mais frequentemente associada à SLF nas regiões Sul e Sudeste do Brasil é a mutação R337H, que afeta o domínio de oligomerização de p53. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi analisar os efeitos em células de p53 mutantes associadas à síndrome de SLF na viabilidade em condições basais e na sobrevivência celular sob estresse genotóxico. Células p53 null da linhagem NCI-H1299 foram transfectadas com vetores para a expressão de p53 wt e das mutantes G245S e R337H, e ensaios celulares foram realizados. A mutante R337H inibiu a formação de colônias e diminuiu a viabilidade celular de forma similar ao observado para células com expressão p53 wt, enquanto G245S demonstrou menor influência sobre a viabilidade e sobre a proliferação das células. Após submetidas a estresse genotóxico induzido por meio de exposições à radiação UVC, células com expressão de R337H mostraram-se mais sensíveis à morte celular mesmo quando expostas à baixa dose de UVC. Já as células com a expressão de G245S apresentaram aumento nas taxas de apoptose tardia somente quando submetidas a altas doses de radiação de UVC, assim como nas células com expressão de p53 wt. Dessa forma, foram observadas atividades funcionais similares entre R337H e p53 wt quanto à influência sobre a viabilidade e sobre a proliferação celular, enquanto células com expressão de G245S apresentaram fenótipo celular mais próximo ao p53-null. Todavia, G245S demonstrou atividade próxima a de p53 wt ao conferir proteção às células contra morte induzida pela radiação UVC, e a mutante R337H gerou maior sensibilidade para morte celular em condições de estresse genotóxico.Li-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS) is a hereditary cancer predisposition disorder associated with germline mutations in the TP53 tumor suppressor gene. The p53 signaling pathways are involved in the regulation of apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, senescence and DNA repair. The p53 mutations found in tumors are commonly distributed along the DNA binding domain, including the G245S mutation associated with LFS. However, the most frequent p53 mutation associated with LFS in Southeast and Southern Brazil is the R337H mutation, which affects the oligomerization domain of p53. Thus, the aim of this study is to analyze the effects of mutant p53 associated with LFS on cell viability at basal conditions and on cell survival in genotoxic stress. Null-p53 NCI-H1299 cell line were transfected with vectors for the expression of wild-type, G245S and R337H p53, and cell assays were performed. The R337H mutant inhibited the colony formation and decreased the cell viability similar to that observed in cells with wt p53 expression, while G245S demonstrated less influence on cell viability. After undergoing genotoxic stress induced by UVC radiation exposures, cells with R337H expression were more sensitive to cell death when exposed to low UVC dose. Cells with G245S expression showed an increase in late apoptosis rates only when subjected to high doses of UVC radiation, as well as cells with wt p53 expression. Thus, similar and functional activities were observed between R337H and wt p53 concerning influence on cell viability and proliferation, with the expression of G245S presented cellular phenotype closer to p53-null. However, G245S demonstrated to confer protection for cell death as seen for wt p53, whereas R337H generated increased of sensitivity to cell death under conditions of genotoxic stress.
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Westrop, Gareth D. "The genetic basis for the attenuation of the Sabin type 3 poliomyelitis vaccine, P3/Leon/12a₁b." Thesis, University of Leicester, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/35427.
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Complete nucleotide sequences have been derived for the Sabin type 3 vaccine, P3/Leon/l2a1b, and its neurovirulent progenitor, P3/Leon/37 (Stanway et al., 1983, 1984). These studies revealed 10 base substitution mutations which must account for the attenuated and temperature sensitive phenotypes of the vaccine. Complete DNA copies of the genomes of P3/Leon/12a1b and P3/Leon/37 were constructed, each within the prokaryote vector, pAT 153. The full-length cDNA clones were shown to be infectious following transfection of human epithelial cells. Virus rescued from the cDNA clone of P3/Leon/12a1b could not be distinguished from reference Preparations of the Sabin type 3 vaccine in standard assays for neurovirulence and temperature sensitivity. By the same criteria, virus rescued from the cDNA clone of P3/Leon/37 was shown to be identical to the parental strain. To determine the genetic basis for the attenuated phenotype, a series of inter-strain poliovirus recombinants were constructed via cDNA in-vitro. Attenuation results from the concerted effect of two independent point mutations. The first is a C-U substitution at position 472 in the 5' non-coding region of the viral genome. The second is a C-U substitution at position 2034 which results in a serine to phenylalanine substitution in VP3. The VP3 mutation confers a temperature sensitive phenotype. This appears to be the only temperature sensitive mutation in the vaccine.
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Wülfing, Verena [Verfasser], and Jochen [Akademischer Betreuer] Dahm-Daphi. "Stimulation of Homologous Recombination by P53 gain-of-function mutant M237I / Verena Wülfing. Betreuer: Jochen Dahm-Daphi." Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1027574041/34.
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Jethwa, Alexander [Verfasser], and Philipp [Akademischer Betreuer] Beckhove. "Identification of regulators of mutant p53 accumulation in lymphoma using RNA interference / Alexander Jethwa ; Betreuer: Philipp Beckhove." Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1177148951/34.
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Chung, Maureen. "Expression of the c-fos proto-oncogene, mutant p53 anti-oncogene and statin in colorectal carcinoma and adjacent mucosa." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=56961.
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The purpose of this study was to provide evidence for a field defect around colorectal carcinomas using c-fos, mutant p53 and statin markers. Tissue from ten colorectal carcinomas and mucosa at 1, 5 and 10 cm from the primary lesion was obtained from surgical specimens and frozen in liquid nitrogen. Detergent-extracted protein was separated by electrophoresis through polyacrylamide gells and western blots performed using monoclonal antibodies against c-fos, mutant p53 and statin. Expression of c-fos within the carcinoma was increased relative to its expression at 1 cm, which was increased relative to 5 or 10 cm. The reverse results were obtained for statin with the lowest expression detected in the carcinoma, intermediate expression at 1 cm, and highest values at 5 and 10 cm. Increased mutant p53 expression was detected only within the carcinoma. These results indicate that c-fos gain and statin loss may occur before p53 mutation and be initial steps in oncogenesis.
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Gouas, Doriane. "Association entre le mutant p.R249S de p53 et la protéine HBx du virus de l’hépatite B dans les carcinomes hépatocellulaires." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO10280.
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La mutation R249S (mutant p.R249S) du gène TP53, caractéristique de l'exposition à l'aflatoxine B1 (AFB1), est la plus fréquente dans les carcinomes hépatocellulaires (CHC) et est dans la plupart des cas associée à une infection chronique par le virus de l'hépatite B (VHB). En effet, il existe une synergie entre ces deux facteurs de risque, augmentant ainsi le risque de développer un CHC. Dans une première partie, nous avons étudié les mécanismes moléculaires de cette synergie dans différents modèles cellulaires puis dans une deuxième partie nous avons utilisé une approche épidémiologique pour étudier l'interaction entre la mutation R249S et le VHB. Nous avons tout d'abord montré que p.R249S avait perdu ses fonctions liées à p53wt. D'autre part, p.R249S était capable de former un complexe protéique avec l'oncoprotéine virale HBx dans les cellules de CHC PLC/PRF/5. Dans la deuxième partie de ce travail, nos résultats montrent que la mutation R249S est détectable dans l'ADN du sérum de sujets asymptomatiques de Gambie rurale (Afrique de l'Ouest). Notre travail met en évidence des variations temporelles quantitatives de la mutation R249S. Ces variations dépendent des niveaux d'exposition d'AFB1 mais également de la présence du VHB, suggérant une interaction entre l'AFB1 et le VHB. Enfin, dans une autre étude menée en Gambie et basée sur le recrutement de sujets ayant développés un CHC ou non (contrôles) nos résultats montrent que la mutation R249S est fortement associée au gène HBX complet dans les CHC. Cette association pourrait ainsi expliquer en partie l'effet synergique observé entre l'AFB1 et le VHB. A terme, une cible critique pourrait être identifiée pour des interventions préventives ou thérapeutiques précoces sur les CHC dans les régions de forte incidenceR249S mutation (mutant p.R249S) of TP53 gene, characteristic of the exposure to aflatoxin B1, is the most frequent TP53 mutation in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and is highly associated with chronic hepatitis B virus infection (HBV). Indeed, a synergistic effect exists between these two main risk factors, thus increasing the risk to develop HCC. In a first part, we have studied the molecular mechanisms of this synergy in different cellular models and then, in a second part we have used an epidemiology-based approach to investigate the interaction between the R249S mutation and HBV. Firstly, we have shown that p.R249S has lost p53wt functions. Moreover, p.R249S formed a protein complex with the oncoprotein HBx from HBV in the HCC cell line PLC/PRF/5. In the second part, our results show that R249S mutation is detectable in plasma DNA of asymptomatic subjects from the rural Gambia (West Africa). Our work shows quantitative variations of R249S mutation that are dependent on the levels of exposition to AFB1 but also on the presence of HBV, suggesting an interaction between AFB1 and HBV. Finally, in another study performed in The Gambia and based on subjects with HCC or not (controls), our results show that R249S mutation is highly associated with HBX complete gene in HCC. Therefore this association could explain in part the synergistic effect observed between AFB1 and HBV. Eventually, a critical target may be identified for preventive or early therapeutic interventions on HCC of high-incidence regions
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Bug, Monika [Verfasser], Matthias [Akademischer Betreuer] Dobbelstein, Frauke [Akademischer Betreuer] Melchior, and Silvio [Akademischer Betreuer] Rizzoli. "The accumulation of mutant p53 in human cancer cells / Monika Bug. Gutachter: Matthias Dobbelstein ; Frauke Melchior ; Silvio Rizzoli. Betreuer: Matthias Dobbelstein." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1042346119/34.
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Levy, Claudia Bustamante. "Análise de mutações no gene TP53 em casos de câncer de mama e estudo da proteína p53 mutante: aspectos fisiopatológicos do tumor." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2010. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=1772.
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O câncer de mama é o tipo mais frequente de neoplasia maligna entre as mulheres, com a incidência de mais de um milhão de novos casos no mundo, por ano. O gene TP53 é responsável por regular o destino da célula em resposta a estresses genotóxicos e não genotóxicos. Mutações somáticas neste gene são encontradas em, aproximadamente, 50% dos carcinomas humanos. No câncer de mama, a frequência das mutações no TP53 é em torno de 20 a 50%, sendo a alteração mais encontrada. Estas mutações podem alterar a conformação da proteína, prejudicando sua função de ativadora da transcrição de genes alvo e, pode levar a p53 a apresentar tendência à agregação. Neste trabalho, foi realizado a análise da presença de mutações nos exons 5 a 10 do gene TP53, em biópsias de câncer de mama, de mulheres residentes na cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Após a identificação das amostras com mutação em TP53, algumas foram selecionadas para se verificar o comportamento das diversas mutantes quanto à formação de agregados de p53, em cortes histológicos dos tumores de mama. Foram utilizados os anticorpos A11 e DO1, que reconhecem oligômeros pré-fibrilares e a p53 mutante ou selvagem, respectivamente. Para tanto, foi utilizado o ensaio de co-localização por imunofluorescência, utilizando microscópio confocal para a observação dos resultados. Mutações no gene TP53 foram detectadas em 19% dos casos analisados de câncer de mama sendo 88,2% do tipo ―missense‖. Estas mutações, em tumores do tipo carcinoma ductal infiltrante (CDI), estavam associadas a um estágio mais tardio e agressivo de câncer, representado pelo Grau III de Elston (p< 0,0001). Também foi observada relação positiva dos tumores com mutações e o acúmulo da p53 (p= 0,0184). Além disso, foi observado um padrão diferente das mutantes de p53 quanto à tendência a agregação, sendo as mutantes R273H e P278A as que apresentaram uma maior agregação. Assim, a agregação da p53 mutante observada ―in vivo‖ e descrita nesta dissertação, parece depender do tipo de mutação observada nos casos de câncer de mama.Breast cancer is the most frequent cancer in women, with 1 million of new cases in the world each year. The TP53 gene is responsible for the regulation of the cells fate in response to genotoxic and non-genotoxic stress. Somatic TP53 mutations are found in, approximately, 50% of human cancers. In breast cancer, TP53 mutation is the most frequent genetic alteration, being present in 20 to 50% of cases. These mutations may change the protein conformation, impairing the transcription of target genes, and may lead the mutant p53 to aggregate. In this study, we analyzed the presence of mutations in exons 5-10 of TP53 in breast cancer biopsies of women resident in the metropolitan area of Rio de Janeiro. After the determination of samples with mutation, some of them were selected to investigate the behavior of different mutants in the formation of p53 aggregates in tumors using A11 and DO-1 antibodies, which recognizes pre-fibrillar oligomers and mutant or wild-type p53, respectively. So, we utilized a immunofluorescence co-localization assay using confocal microscope. TP53 mutations were detected in 19% of the breast cancer cases, with 88.2% of missense type. These mutations, in tumors classified as infiltrating ductal carcinoma (CDI), were associated with a later and aggressive stage of cancer, represented by Elstons Grade III (p< 0.0001). A relation was also observed between these mutations and p53 accumulation (p= 0.0184). Furthermore, a different pattern of p53 mutants for the tendency to aggregate was observed and we detected that the mutants R273H and P278A showed a greater aggregation. Thus, the mutant p53 aggregation observed in vivo and described in this study, seems to depend on the type of mutation found in breast cancer cases.
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Zheng, Changyu. "Transfection of cells of low grade lymphoproliferative disorders (chronic lymphocyte leukemia and follicular lymphoma) with myc and/or ras and mutant p53." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1996. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq23960.pdf.
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Chollat-Namy, Marie. "Effet de l’inactivation du gène suppresseur de tumeur p53 et de sa réactivation pharmacologique sur la réponse cytotoxique anti-tumorale The Pharmalogical Reactivation of p53 Function Improves Breast Tumor Cell Lysis by Granzyme B and NK Cells Through Induction of Autophagy Mutant P53 Gain of Function Stimulates PD-L1 Expression." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASL032.
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Le système immunitaire joue un rôle important dans le contrôle et l'éradication du cancer. Des acteurs majeurs de la réponse immune antitumorale sont les cellules tueuses naturelles (ou cellules NK) et les lymphocytes T cytotoxiques (ou CTL), capable de reconnaitre et détruire des cellules tumorales par l’exocytose de perforine et de granzymes contenus dans leur granule cytotoxique. Il a été montré au sein du laboratoire l’implication de la protéine suppresseur de tumeur p53 dans cette voie apoptotique. Or, plus de 50% des tumeurs humaines présentent des mutations inactivatrices de p53 ce qui favorise le développement tumoral. De ce fait, l’inactivation fréquente de p53 dans les tumeurs humaines pourrait leur permettre d’échapper à la destruction par les CTL et les cellules NK.Dans ce contexte, mes travaux de thèse ont montré que la réactivation pharmacologique de la fonction de p53 sauvage dans des cellules tumorales exprimant une p53 mutée augmente leur susceptibilité à la lyse induite par les cellules NK grâce à l’induction d’un processus d’autophagie. De plus, j’ai cherché à déterminer le lien entre les mutations de p53 et l’expression à la surface des cellules tumorales de PD-L1 qui empêche l’activation optimale des cellules cytotoxiques et conduit à leur épuisement. Mes travaux actuels suggèrent que l’expression de p53 mutantes induits une surexpression de PD-L1 à la surface des cellules cancéreuses. Les mécanismes expliquant ce phénomène sont en cours d’étudesImmune system plays an important role in the control and destruction of cancer cells. The major effectors of antitumor immune response are Natural Killer (NK) cells and the cytotoxic T lymphocytes, which recognize et destroy tumor cells by exocytosis of perforin and granzymes contained in cytotoxic granules. It has been previously shown in the laboratory that the tumor suppressor p53 plays an important role in this apoptotic pathway. However more than 50% of human tumors have p53 inactivating mutations which favor tumor development. Consequently, frequent p53 inactivation in human tumor could enable them to escape from destruction by cytotoxic immune cells. In this context, my thesis work has shown that the pharmacological reactivation of wild type p53 function in cancer cells expressing a mutated p53 increased their susceptibility to NK cell-mediated apoptosis cells through the induction of an autophagic process. Moreover, I tried to determine the link between p53 mutations and the expression of the immune checkpoint ligand PD-L1 which prevent efficient activation of cytotoxic cells and promote immune cells exhaustion. My work suggests that the expression of p53 mutants promotes an the expression of PD-L1 at the cancer cell surface. The study of the underlying mechanisms is still in progress
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Stojanović, Nataša [Verfasser], Günter [Akademischer Betreuer] Schneider, Klaus-Peter [Akademischer Betreuer] Janssen, and Dieter [Akademischer Betreuer] Saur. "Development of novel models to investigate mutant p53 functions in pancreatic cancer and determinants of deregulated expression / Nataša Stojanović. Gutachter: Klaus-Peter Janssen ; Dieter Saur. Betreuer: Günter Schneider." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1068908297/34.
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Pinezi, Juliana Castro Dourado. "Efeitos colaterais tardios na bexiga após radioterapia por câncer de colo de útero: avaliação da associação com polimorfismos de TP53, ATM e MDM2." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5151/tde-09012015-163553/.
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Introdução: Na prática clínica se observa que há diferenças na incidência de efeitos colaterais entre pacientes submetidos ao mesmo esquema terapêutico de radioterapia. Tais diferenças podem ser entendidas como uma radiossensibilidade individual determinada geneticamente. Objetivos: Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos tardios na bexiga em pacientes com câncer do colo uterino tratadas com radioterapia, com ou sem cirurgia, e o valor prognóstico de três polimorfismos genéticos de base única com relação ao desenvolvimento de cistite actínica. Material e métodos: Foi realizada uma análise retrospectiva de 50 pacientes com carcinoma cervical tratadas entre 1999 e 2004, com um mínimo de 6,5 anos de seguimento. A dose de radioterapia na bexiga foi considerada como a soma da dose da radioterapia externa com a dose de braquiterapia no ponto de bexiga definido pelo ICRU 38 (Relato número 38 da Comissão Internacional de Unidades e Medidas em Radiação). Para as correlações entre dose e efeito, foi calculada a dose biológica efetiva (BED) para cada caso. Para a avaliação dos efeitos tardios em bexiga, além dos dados descritos em prontuário, foi feito um questionário específico dirigido aos sintomas urinários, foi realizada cistoscopia em todas as pacientes e a escala LENTSOMA (efeitos tardios no tecido normal/ subjetivo-objetivo tratamento e exames) foi aplicada, utilizando o pior grau do efeito encontrado nos diferentes métodos de avaliação. Variantes genéticas do códon 72 da p53 (Arginina / Prolina), MDM2 SNP309 T/G e ATMex39 5557 G>A foram identificadas usando o método de genotipagem de SNP ABI SNaPshot e os resultados foram correlacionados com a incidência e grau de cistite actínica. Resultados: Complicações clínicas tardias da bexiga foram registradas em 17 (34%) pacientes usando dados coletados dos prontuários e em 41 (82%) pacientes pelo questionário de existência e gravidade dos efeitos tardios da irradiação. Essas complicações foram diretamente correlacionadas com a BED. Vinte e oito pacientes (56%) desenvolveram cistite diagnosticada por cistoscopia (16% Grau 2-4). MDM2 SNP309 TT associado a TP53 (P72R) GG foram relacionados com o aumento da incidência de cistite. Conclusões: Cistite actínica, em grau 2 ou maior, foi elevada nessa população e apresentou uma maior incidência quando realizado um questionário específico para tal. Houve associação com maior dose de radioterapia (BED Gy3 > 100 Gy) e com MDM2 SNP309 TT associado a TP53 (P72R) GG.Introduction: In clinical practice it is observed that there are differences in the incidence of side effects among patients undergoing the same regimen of radiotherapy. Such differences can be understood as a genetically determined individual radiosensitivity. Purposes: This study aimed to evaluate urinary bladder late effects in patients with uterine cervix cancer treated with radiotherapy with or without surgery and the prognostic value of three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) related to radiation cystitis. Material and methods: retrospective analysis of 50 patients with cervical carcinoma treated between 1999 and 2004 with a minimum of 6.5 years of follow-up was performed. The radiation dose in the bladder was considered as the dose delivered by external beam irradiation plus the brachytherapy dose in the ICRU Report 38 (International Commission of Radiation Units and Measurements report number 38) bladder point. For dose-effect correlations the biological effective dose (BED) was calculated for each case. For evaluation of bladder late effects, besides the data collected from the charts review, a specific query directed to urinary symptoms was applied to the patients and also a cystoscopy was performed in all of them. The LENTSOMA (late effects of normal tissues/subjective-objective management analytic) scale for bladder late effects was applied. Genetic variants of p53 codon72 (arginine/proline) polymorphism, MDM2 SNP309 T/G and ATMex39 5557G>A were identified by using ABI SNaPshot SNP genotyping method. And the results were correlated with the incidence and grade of radiation cystitis. Results: Clinical late bladder complications were recorded in 17 (34%) patients using data collected from the charts and in 41 (82%) patients by the questionnaire for the existence and severity of late irradiation effects. These complications were directly related with the BED. Twenty eight patients (56%) developed cystitis diagnosed by cystoscopy (16% Grade 2-4). MDM2 SNP309 TT associated with TP53 (P72R) GG was related with increased incidence of cystitis. Conclusions: Late radiation cystitis grade 2 or greater were high in this population and presented a higher incidence when a specific questionnaire was used. Higher radiation dose (BED Gy3 > 100 Gy) and MDM2 SNP309 TT associated with TP53 (P72R) GG were correlated with bladder late effects
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Nadal, Serrano Mercedes. "Efectos de los Estrógenos, la Genisteína y la Leptina sobre el Estrés Oxidativo en el Cáncer de Mama. Importancia de la UCP2." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de les Illes Balears, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/284237.
Full textAbstract:
El estrés oxidativo es un desequilibrio entre la producción de radicales libres y los sistemas antioxidantes encargados de su neutralización. El resultado de este desequilibrio es la acumulación de daños en diversas estructuras celulares incluyendo el DNA. El cáncer se acompaña de un mayor estrés oxidativo a nivel celular, por este motivo, muchos de los tratamientos terapéuticos van dirigidos a aumentar los niveles citotóxicos de ROS, conduciendo a la célula tumoral a la apoptosis. Sin embargo, durante la tumorigénesis las células van adquiriendo una serie de características que permiten mantener la homeostasis de los ROS y desarrollar resistencia a los tratamientos antineoplásicos.
El cáncer de mama es un tipo de neoplasia en la que el factor endocrino juega un papel relevante tanto en la etiología como en la evolución de la enfermedad. En esta tesis nos planteamos como objetivo estudiar los efectos del 17β-estradiol (E2), la genisteína y la leptina, como factores hormonales, sobre la modulación del estrés oxidativo en la carcinogénesis de mama. E2 es uno de los principales factores de riesgo en la iniciación y progresión de la enfermedad; la genisteína es uno de los fitoestrógenos de mayor actividad estrogénica y, por su parte, la leptina también ha mostrado efectos potenciadores sobre el cáncer de mama, considerándose a nivel epidemiológico como un posible enlace entre obesidad y cáncer. Para alcanzar estos objetivos se estudió: i) el efecto dual de E2 y genisteína sobre el estrés oxidativo en función de la dotación de ERα y ERβ en líneas celulares de cáncer de mama (MCF-7 y T47D), y el estrés oxidativo en muestras de carcinomas ductales infiltrantes en función de la ratio de receptores estrogénicos; ii) la influencia de la leptina crónica sobre el estrés oxidativo y su respuesta al fármaco antineoplásico cisplatino en la línea celular MCF-7; y iii) la importancia de la UCP2 en la regulación del estrés oxidativo endógeno e inducido en las células MCF-7, así como, en líneas celulares de cáncer de páncreas con p53 mutado.
Los resultados indican que E2 induce estrés oxidativo de forma dependiente de la dotación de ERα/ERβ. Así, el aumento del estrés oxidativo, debido en parte a un descenso de los sistemas antioxidantes, está mediado por ERα. En cambio, la activación de ERβ por la genisteína implica un menor estrés oxidativo y una mejor función mitocondrial, promovido por una respuesta antioxidante. En consonancia con el estudio in vitro, los carcinomas mamarios con una menor ratio ERα/ERβ también mostraron una mayor respuesta detoxificante, favoreciendo la supervivencia celular. Por su parte, la leptina parece disminuir el nivel de estrés oxidativo basal, lo que podría jugar un papel en la adquisición de resistencia a los tratamientos anticancerígenos. El desacoplamiento mitocondrial mediado por UCP2 protege a la célula cancerosa del daño oxidativo, lo que posiblemente podría conferir citoprotección a través de la adquisición de quimioresistencia. En células de cáncer de páncreas, p53 mutado induce la producción de ROS debido a una disminución de UCP2, contribuyendo al crecimiento celular. En conclusión, los resultados de la presente tesis sugieren que tanto ERβ como UCP2 podrían ser biomarcadores interesantes para conseguir una mejor caracterización del tumor en relación a su nivel de estrés oxidativo y la posible respuesta al tratamiento.L'estrès oxidatiu és un desequilibri entre la producció de radicals lliures i els sistemes antioxidants encarregats de la seva neutralització. El resultat d'aquest desequilibri és l'acumulació de danys a diverses estructures cel•lulars incloent el DNA. El càncer va acompanyat d'un major estrès oxidatiu a nivell cel•lular, per aquest motiu, molts dels tractaments terapèutics van dirigits a augmentar els nivells citotòxics de ROS, conduint a la cèl•lula tumoral a la apoptosi. No obstant això, durant la tumorigènesi les cèl•lules van adquirint una sèrie de característiques que permeten mantenir l'homeòstasi dels ROS i desenvolupar resistència als tractaments antineoplàstics. El càncer de mama és un tipus de neoplàsia en la qual el factor endocrí juga un paper rellevant tant en la etiologia como en l'evolució de la malaltia. En aquesta tesi ens vàrem plantejar com a objectius estudiar els efectes del 17β-estradiol (E2), la genisteïna i la leptina, com a factors hormonals, sobre la modulació de l'estrès oxidatiu en la carcinogènesi de mama. E2 és un dels principals factors de risc en la iniciació i progressió de la malaltia, la genisteïna és un dels fitoestrògens de major activitat estrogènica i, per la seva part, la leptina també ha mostrat efectes potenciadors sobre el càncer de mama, considerant-se a nivell epidemiològic un possible enllaç entre obesitat i càncer. Per a assolir aquests objectius es va estudiar: i) l'efecte dual de E2 i genisteïna sobre l'estrès oxidatiu en funció de la dotació de ERα i ERβ en línies cel•lulars de càncer de mama (MCF-7 i T47D), i l'estrès oxidatiu a mostres de carcinomes ductals infiltrants en funció de la ràtio de receptors estrogènics; ii) la influència de la leptina crònica sobre l'estrès oxidatiu i la seva resposta al fàrmac antineoplàstic cisplatí en la línea cel•lular MCF-7; i iii) la importància de la UCP2 en la regulació de l'estrès oxidatiu endogen i induït en les cèl•lules MCF-7, així como, en línies cel•lulars de càncer de pàncrees amb p53 mutat. Els resultats indiquen que E2 indueix estrès oxidatiu de forma depenent de la dotació de ERα/ERβ. Així, l'augment de l'estrès oxidatiu, causat en part per un descens dels sistemes antioxidants, està mediat per ERα. En canvi, l'activació de ERβ per la genisteïna implica un menor estrès oxidatiu i una millor funció mitocondrial, promogut per una resposta antioxidant. En consonància amb l'estudi in vitro, els carcinomes mamaris amb una menor ràtio ERα/ERβ també varen mostrar una major resposta detoxificant, afavorint la supervivència cel•lular. Per la seva part, la leptina sembla disminuir el nivell d'estrès oxidatiu basal, la qual cosa podria jugar un paper en l'adquisició de resistència als tractaments anticancerígens. El desacoblament mitocondrial mediat per UCP2 protegeix a la cèl•lula cancerosa del dany oxidatiu, fet que possiblement podria conferir citoprotecció a través de l'adquisició de quimioresistència. En cèl•lules de càncer de pàncrees, p53 mutat indueix la producció de ROS a causa d'una disminució de UCP2, contribuint al creixement cel•lular. En conclusió, els resultats de la present tesi suggereixen que tant ERβ com UCP2 podrien ser biomarcadors interessants per a aconseguir una millor caracterització del tumor en relació al seu nivell d'estrès oxidatiu i la possible resposta al tractament.
Oxidative stress is an imbalance between free radical production and the antioxidant systems responsible for counteracting them. The result of this imbalance is accumulation of damage in several cellular structures, including DNA. Cancer is associated with increased oxidative stress, therefore, many therapeutic treatments are targeted to raise cytotoxic ROS levels, which would lead to tumor cell apoptosis. However, during tumorigenesis, cells acquire several features that maintain ROS homeostasis and develop resistance to anticancer treatments. Breast cancer is a type of neoplasia in which the endocrine factor plays an important role in etiology and disease progress. In the preset thesis we set out to study the effects of hormonal factors: 17β-estradiol (E2), genistein and leptin, on oxidative stress modulation in breast carcinogenesis. E2 is one of the main risk factors for breast cancer initiation and progression; genistein is one of the phytoestrogens with greater estrogenic activity and, while, leptin has also shown enhancing effects on breast cancer, epidemiologically it is also considered to be a possible link between obesity and cancer. The aim of this work was to study: i) the dual effect of E2 and genistein on oxidative stress depending on the ERα and ERβ ratio in breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and T47D), and oxidative stress in invasive ductal carcinoma samples depending on estrogen receptor ratio; ii) the influence of chronic leptin on oxidative stress and response to anticancer drug cisplatin in MCF-7 cell line; iii) the significance of UCP2 in the regulation of endogenous and induced oxidative stress in MCF-7 cells as well as in mutant p53 pancreatic cancer cell lines. Results indicate that E2 induces oxidative stress in a ERα/ERβ ratio-dependent manner. Thus, the increase in oxidative stress, due to in part to a decrease in antioxidant systems, is mediated by ERα. In contrast, ERβ activation by genistein involves a lower oxidative stress and better mitochondrial function, which is promoted by an antioxidant response. In agreement with the in vitro study, breast tumors with a lower ERα/ERβ ratio showed a higher detoxifying response, which also improved cellular survival. In turn, leptin appears to decrease the basal level of oxidative stress, which could play a role in the acquisition of resistance to anticancer treatments. UCP2-mediated mitochondrial uncoupling protects the cancer cell from oxidative damage, which may possibly confer cytoprotection through chemoresistance acquisition. In pancreatic cancer cells, p53 mutant induces ROS production due to a decrease in UCP2, contributing to cell growth. In conclusion, the results of this thesis suggest that both ERβ and UCP2 may be interesting biomarkers for a better characterization of the tumor in relation to its level of oxidative stress and possible treatment response.
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Chiao, Ming-Tsang, and 矯明昌. "Characterization of p53 Mutants Identified from Lung Carcinoma in Taiwan." Thesis, 2000. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/71030562517077944067.
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碩士中山醫學院
毒理學研究所
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p53 is a critical tumor suppressor gene, which can respond to multiple signals of cellular gatekeeper for growth and division. MDM2 gene is one of the downstream target genes for transcriptional activation by the product of p53 tumor suppressor gene. Transactivation of MDM2 gene expression is represented by the presence of a functional p53 protein. To understand the biological function of the mutant p53 that may play the role in tumorigenesis, we construct a number of p53 mutants by site directed mutagenesis (H179Y, P67C/L194R, S240R, R249S, A276D, E286Q, G361R), and followed by characterization with its ability to transactivate MDM2. The MDM2 promoter was ligated into pGL-3 luciferase reporter MDM2-p53RE-pGL3 gene for this assay. We analyzed the expression of these mutants p53 proteins by Western blotting, and the p53 mutants protein-DNA binding activity by gel retardation assay. The transactivation properties of p53 mutants were compared by co-transfecting on MDM2-p53RE-pGL3 into the p53 null cell line H1299 that derived from non small cell lung carcinoma. In order to study the p53 mutant grow suppression ability in tumor cells, performed colony formation assay and the colony number were compared. Mutant p53 S240R and E286Q exhobited the luciferase activity of MDM2-p53RE-pGL3 at about 40% and 30% of the wt p53 vector, respectively. The binding of mutant p53 to the p53 respontive element in MDM2 was analyed by EMSA. Our findings indicated the presence of mutant p53 in the protein-DNA comples and revealed that p53 mutants S240R maintain partial MDM2-p53RE binding activity when compared to wild type p53. It showed that S240R induces apoptosis with just over 21.5 % the efficiency of empty vector (pcDNA 3). The attemp to rescue the mutant p53 protein transactivation by a trans-elememt of trunscated p53 polypeptide correspondary to the carboxy-terminal residues 340-382. Susprisely, this trunscated p53 polypeptide could not restore the transactivation activity of mutant p53. Moreover, it inhibit both the mutant and wt p53 transactivation activity significatly.