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1
Tian, Lei. "BIOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF HUMAN MISMATCH RECOGNITION PROTEINS MUTSα AND MUTSβ." UKnowledge, 2010. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_diss/43.
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The integrity of an organism's genome depends on the fidelity of DNA replication and the efficiency of DNA repair. The DNA mismatch repair (MMR) system, which is highly conserved from prokaryotes to eukaryotes, plays an important role in maintaining genome stability by correcting base-base mismatches and insertion/deletion (ID) mispairs generated during DNA replication and other DNA transactions. Mismatch recognition is a critical step in MMR. Two mismatch recognition proteins, MutSα (MSH2-MSH6 heterodimer) and MutSβ (MSH2-MSH3 heterodimer), have been identified in eukaryotic cells. MutSα and MutSβ have partially overlapping functions, with MutSα recognizing primarily base-base mismatches and 1-2 nt ID mispairs and MutSβ recognizing 2-16-nt ID heteroduplexes. The goal of this dissertation research was to understand the mechanism underlying differential mismatch recognition by human MutSα and MutSβ and to characterize the unique functions of human MutSα and MutSβ in MMR.
In this study, recombinant human MutSα and MutSβ were purified. Binding of the proteins to a T-G mispair and a 2-nt ID mispair was analyzed by gel-mobility assay; ATP/ADP binding was characterized using a UV cross-linking assay; ATPase activity was measured using an ATPase assay; MutSα amd MutSβ’s mismatch repair activity was evaluated using a reconstituted in vitro MMR assay.
Our studies revealed that the preferential processing of base-base and ID heteroduplexes by MutSα and MutSβ respectively, is determined by the significant differences in the ATPase and ADP binding activities of MutSα and MutSβ, and the high ratio of MutSα:MutSβ in human cells. Our studies also demonstrated that MutSβ interacts similarly with a (CAG)n hairpin and a mismatch, and that excess MutSβ does not inhibit (CAG)n hairpin repair in vitro.
These studies provide insight into the determinants of the differential DNA repair specificity of MutSα and MutSβ, the mechanism of mismatch repair initiation, and the mechanism of (CAG)n hairpin processing and repair, which plays a role in the etiology and progression of several human neurological diseases.
2
Murwira, Epifania. "Contract farming in Zimbabwe : the Mutasa garlic project." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/95627.
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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.Contract farming is being given renewed attention on the African continent in the wake of reduced public expenditure for credit programmes. Many African countries have recognised the potential of contract farming in linking farmers to viable markets and stimulating agricultural production in the face of globalisation. In Zimbabwe prior to 1998, smallholder farmers were poorly integrated in the cash economy and had extremely low incomes, largely due to poor access to productivity-enhancing inputs. Small-scale farmers were marginalised as the economy focused on the larger commercial farms. Currently, mainstream banks have been unable to provide funding due to their own capital inadequacy and the view that smallholder farming is a risky and unprofitable sector. There is also a shift in roles as the government moves from direct participation in agricultural production and marketing towards facilitation, legislation and enforcement. The private sector is now participating more actively in the agricultural sector, providing credit to smallholder farmers. This research seeks to better understand the partnership between private and public sector players in Zimbabwe’s agricultural credit programmes, through a study of Leo Marketing and the Zimbabwe Agricultural Market Development initiative called the Agricultural Input Supply Programme (AISP). In this research, the Mutasa Garlic Project, implemented by the AISP, has been analysed to achieve the objective. One hundred smallholder farmers have been contracted to commercially produce garlic in the Mutasa district. Using a sample of 20 farmers, the study examined how this financing model contributes to improved access to productivity-enhancing inputs, viable markets and technical expertise for the farmers. The analysis indicates that farmers have access to inputs but the model still needs improvement in distributing them efficiently to ensure that all farmers have their inputs in time for the planting season. Marketing and extension services in the project are operating well. The study reveals that there is potential for growth in the number of farmers contracted to the programme. As the contracting model continues to improve, the same model can be used for similar projects in surrounding districts.
3
Cohan, Sharon Liza. "Developing a subtyping system for selective mutism /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2007. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3286235.
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Tu, Shang-Min. "Probing the mechanism of 2-methyleneglutarate mutase and glutamate mutase." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.515095.
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Zinyengere, David Takudzwa. "Household Determinants of Malaria in Mutasa District of Zimbabwe." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/5597.
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Malaria is a vector borne, acute febrile illness, caused by Plasmodium parasites. Malaria impacts the medical and socioeconomic development programs of affected communities, as it diverts both individual and national resources into managing the disease burden. The purpose of this study was to explore and evaluate household determinants of malaria in Mutasa District, Zimbabwe. The precede-proceed theoretical model guided the study. Secondary data from Demographic Health Survey and District Health Management Information System, and current data from household determinant questionnaires, were used to evaluate the influence and significance of identified household determinants. Multiple logistic regression models were used to examine the association between malaria prevalence and the identified household determinant factors. The study result showed the existence of household determinant factors that affected the prevalence of malaria in Mutasa District. The presence of livestock animals within a 50-meter radius of the household, ownership of animal drawn carts and low socioeconomic status significantly increased malaria risk, while availability of drinking water within a 50-meter radius of the household, significantly reduced malaria risk. Other variables, although not statistically significant, had varied levels of malaria infection risk. The study results may contribute to positive social change by providing an insight into innovative strategies that enhance existing interventions. The study results may also provide opportunities for upgrading malaria intervention policies and sustainable community participation, thus enhancing malaria elimination efforts
6
Muchakwana, Thomasina. "Evaluating the effect of conservation agriculture basin tillage system on household food security in Mutasa." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1015054.
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The research was done with the aim of evaluating the effect of the basin tillage system as a method of conservation agriculture, on improving smallholder farmers’ food security in Mutasa, Manicaland Province in Zimbabwe. This research focussed on the 2010/2011 agricultural season. The main objectives of this study were to determine the contribution of CA basin tillage system on increasing yields per hectare, to evaluate which CA principles are being practiced by smallholder farmers, and to determine how many months the harvested maize will last. The study compares smallholder farmers who practiced CA with farmers who practiced other tillage methods. The other tillage methods are ploughing and conventional hand hoe tillage systems. On average the farmers who practiced CA used 0.47 hectares of land whilst farmers who practiced other tillage methods used an average of 0.43 hectares of land. The average amount of maize produced by smallholder farmers who practiced CA was 824 kg while who practiced other tillage methods produced an average of 498 kg. Farmers practicing CA produced yield with an average of 1175 kg/ha of maize grain while farmers who practiced other tillage methods produced an average of 946 kg/ha. Food security in this reaseach was measured by the amount of months the maize grain produced was lasting in relation with the household size. 57 percent of the farmers who practiced CA are food secure because they have maize grain to last them a full consumption year and moreover surplus. Only 27 percent of the farmers who practiced other tillage methods produced enough to last a full consumption year.
7
Trombly, Theresa N. "Psychophysiology of selective mutism." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2010. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/1511.
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This item is only available in print in the UCF Libraries. If this is your Honors Thesis, you can help us make it available online for use by researchers around the world by following the instructions on the distribution consent form at http://library.ucf.edu/Systems/DigitalInitiatives/DigitalCollections/InternetDistributionConsentAgreementForm.pdf You may also contact the project coordinator, Kerri Bottorff, at kerri.bottorff@ucf.edu for more information.Bachelors
Sciences
Psychology
8
Briz-Garcia, Angela. "What is selective mutism?" CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2004. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2702.
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The purpose of this study was to examine the characteristics of Selective Mutism, its possible causes, the strong impact it creates in English learner students, and what teachers could do to help the students who suffer from Selective Mutism.
9
Zibis, Alexander-Maria. "Die Tugend des Mutes Nietzsches Lehre von der Tapferkeit." Würzburg Königshausen & Neumann, 2005. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2956965&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.
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Zibis, Alexander-Maria. "Die Tugend des Mutes : Nietzsches Lehre von der Tapferkeit /." Würzburg : Königshausen & Neumann, 2007. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=015637199&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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Ngo, Huy Quoc. "Muted Blue." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/99208.
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Muted Blue (Whale Level) is a Virtual Reality educational experience that explores the possibility of creating an alternative learning method in an informal learning setting such as a museum. This project seeks to merge art, technology and education to create an immersive, interactive learning experience that is geared toward Gen Z and Millennial but can be enjoyed by every age group. Unreal 4 game engine along with other 3D packages made it possible to develop a Virtual Reality experience that can be used as a complimentary piece that can possibly exist along side a museum exhibit.Master of Fine Arts
Muted Blue (Whale Level) is an interactive museum experience that aims to give audience a more informative and interactive digital experience. The main focus of Muted Blue is allowing users to explore and learn at their own pace. This Virtual Reality Museum idea in particular, is geared toward the potential museum goers that are in the Gen Z and Millennial generations because technology has been an integral part of their lives. Muted Blue (Whale Level) is capable of creating an impossible space that cannot be recreated inside of a real museum while providing meaningful, educational information along with beautiful visuals that will assist with the learning process and inspire the users to learn and care more about our ocean.
12
Roy, Ipsita. "Studies on methylmalonyl-CoA mutase." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.240978.
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Hartzoulakis, Basil. "Mechanistic studies on glutamate mutase." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/14380.
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The coenzyme B12-dependent enzyme glutamate mutase (E.C. 5.4.99.1) catalyses the rearrangement of (2S)-glutamic acid to (2S,3S)-3-methylaspartic acid. Each of the two components of the enzyme was purified to homogeneity using a combination of low and high performance chromatographic techniques. Component E and S displayed molecular weights of 53 KDa and 13 KDa respectively as determined by gel electrophoresis, contrary to literature reports. A large number of glutamate and 3-methylaspartate analogues were synthesised and tested as substrates for the enzyme from Clostridium tetanomorphum. No rearrangement products could be detected for (2S,3R)-3-methylaspartic acid, (2S,3S)-3-ethylaspartic acid, 3-methylglutamic acid, (2S,3R)-3-methylsuccinic acid or A/-methyl-3-methylaspartic acid. Five inhibitors were discovered for the enzyme. Four of them were typical competitive inhibitors: (2S,3S)- and (2S,3R)-3-methylglutamates (Ki = 1.0 mM and Ki = 1.5 mM respectively); (2S)-homocysteic acid, Ki = 5 mM; and 1-bromo-cis-1,2-cyclopropanedicarboxylic acid (Ki= 2.2+/-0.2 mM). Finally 1-bromo-trans-1,2- cyclopropanedicarboxylic acid prevented the enzyme from processing (2S)- glutamic acid for periods of times proportional to its concentration. Our results support a radical mechanism with a protein bound glycyl radical as an intermediate, and provide evidence for the existence of two distinct conformations of the holoenzyme, prior to and after the activation of the cofactor. (2S,3R)-3- and (2S,3S)-3-Methylglutamic acids were synthesised stereospecifically by extending Schollkopf's bis-lactim ether methodology. The attack of various carbon anions at C-5 of isopropyl N-benzyl-(4S,5R)-1,2,3- oxathiazolidone-5-methyi-4-carboxyiate S,S-dioxide was not a versatile pathway. Nevertheless, the reaction of the oxathiazolidone with an allylmagnesium lithium cuprate complex gave some promising results, but more research is necessary to optimise certain problematic steps. Several different routes were evaluated for the preparation of 1-amino-1,2-cyciopropanedicarboxylic acid, but either low yields or instability of intermediates thwarted any attempts to achieve this goal. Finally 1- bromo-cis-and trans-1,2-cyclopropanedicarboxylic acids were synthesised by reacting methyl acrylate with methyl dibromoacetate in the presence of sodium hydride. The two pairs of enantiomers, cis- ((2S,3S) and (2R,3R)) and trans- ((2R,3S) and (2S,3R)) were separated by selective ester formation.
14
Farah, Rita S. "Intragenic complementation in methylmalonyl CoA mutase." Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=55444.
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Methylmalonic aciduria (MMA) is an autosomal recessive metabolic disorder with an incidence of 1 in 48,000, which may be due to a defect in the mitochondrial homodimeric enzyme methylmalonyl CoA mutase (mut MMA). mut MMA is subdivided into $mut sp circ$ and $mut sp-$ subclasses on the basis of complementation analysis; $mut sp circ$ cell lines have very low incorporation of ($ sp{14}$C) from propionate into acid precipitable material while incorporation in $mut sp-$ cells is increased when cells are incubated in cobalamin. Intragenic complementation was first observed with WG 1130, a $mut sp circ$ fibroblast line with a homozygous R93H mutation, that is capable of complementing MCM activity when fused with some $mut sp circ$ and some $mut sp-$ cells (1). Extensive intragenic complementation in mut MMA was subsequently observed. Fibroblasts cultured from thirteen unrelated patients (6 $mut sp-$, 7 $mut sp circ$) were fused in all possible pairwise combination and MCM activity was assayed in the heterokaryons by measuring the incorporation of ($ sp{14}$C) from propionate into acid precipitable material. Intragenic complementation, indicated by stimulation of ($ sp{14}$C) -propionate incorporation following cell fusion with polyethylene glycol, was observed in fusions involving twelve of the thirteen strains. Of these thirteen strains, mutations have been identified in six; four have a homozygous mutation (WG 1130 (R93H), WG 1511 (H678R), WG 1610 (G717V), WG 1609 (G630E)), and two cell lines are compound heterozygous (WG 1681 (G623R and G703R), WG 1607 (W105R and A377E)); the remainders are yet to be determined. These intragenic complementations will provide information for grouping the mutations in defined domains in order to correlate structure and function of MCM.
15
Shankar, Suraj Kunnath Spilman Richard. "The Mutawa killers and other stories." Diss., A link to full text of this thesis in SOAR, 2007. http://soar.wichita.edu/dspace/handle/10057/1172.
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McKie, Norman. "Methylmalonyl CoA mutase from Saccharopolyspora erythraea." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.259763.
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Thomä, Nicolas Holger. "The mechanism of methylmalonyl-CoA mutase." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.624301.
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Edwards, Christopher Howard. "Investigations into the mechanism of action of the adenosylcobalamin-dependent enzymes 2-methyleneglutarate mutase and glutamate mutase." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.310174.
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Toro, Bigboy. "Rural women and the land question in Zimbabwe: the case of Mutasa District." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1006945.
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Zimbabwean rural women make significant contribution to agriculture and are the mainstay of the farm labour. Although women do the majority of agricultural work, men, for the most part continue to own the land, control women‟s labour and make agricultural decisions supported by patriarchal social systems. Thus, rural women faced difficulties than men in gaining access to land under Fast Track Land Reform Programme (FTLRP). Women‟s relationship with land is therefore through husbands, fathers, brothers or sons. Therefore, this study has undertaken with the objective of assessing the impact of land distribution programme with respect to its contribution to women‟s empowerment in the study area. The Gender and Development approach was employed to assess women access to land under the FTLRP. Such an approach to rural development can help in reducing the gender gap between women and men in order to achieve gender-balanced development. The study used qualitative research methodology where semi-structured interviews gather data from women in Mutasa District. Findings indicate that there are a number of challenges and constraints that are experienced by rural women under the Fast Track Land Reform Programme which include male land registration, no access to credit, inadequate government input support, lack of government laws and policies awareness on women land rights, shortage of farm implements and irrigation water supply and lack of agriculture training. On the other hand, culture and traditional practices still affect women in other cases, disadvantaging them in favour of men, as in inheritance of land and property in the household. It was generally assumed that the programme did not improve women access to land. To improve women access to land, in future, the study recommends that a serious intervention by the state should occur coupled with the revitalization of the programme and a paradigm shift towards an effective food security programme which emphasizes women and their important role in agriculture.
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Grutzpalk, Jonas. "Mutawa : eine islamische Polizei in Saudi‐Arabien." Universität Potsdam, 2009. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2009/1707/.
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Patterson, Fiona. "Personal constructs of adolescents with selective mutism." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/7117.
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Due to the nature of the condition, research into selective mutism has tended towards quantitative analyses or individual case studies. This study aimed to explore the personal experiences of adolescents with selective mutism whilst considering the threats to validity that exist in previous qualitative studies. In a series of case studies (n=6), methods of eliciting data derived from Personal Construct Psychology were employed. Experience Cycle Methodology was used to explore the process of construing, whilst the Repertory Grid Technique enabled an exploration of the structure of construing. It was hoped that these methods might identify obstacles to change and inform appropriate interventions. Results suggested that mutism may be ‘chosen’ because it may enable greater anticipation of their interpersonal relationships than does speaking. Furthermore, there were suggestions that selective mutism may be a way of avoiding possible invalidation. Further research into sociality and systemic discourse was proposed in order to understand this condition further.
22
Chen, H. P. H. "Studies on the adenosylcobalamin-dependent glutamate mutase." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.597560.
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Glutamate mutase is one of a group of adenosylcobalamin(AdoCbl)-dependent carbon skeleton mutases which catalyzes the interconversion of L-glutamate and threo-β-methyl asparate. It is comprised of two weakly-associating subunits, S and E, which combine with AdoCbl to form the active holo-enzyme. The genes encoding glutamate mutase were designated mut and glm genes in Clostridium tetamorphum and Clostridim cochlearium respectively. Both of them have been cloned, sequenced and over-expressed in E. coli. The crystal structures of MeCbl-dependent methionine synthase and AdoCbl-dependent MMCM serve as a model for how glutamate mutase, which contains the same "DXHXX cobalamin-binding motif, binds AdoCbl. To test this model and to understand more about the role of Asp-His-Co "triad" in catalysis and coenzyme-binding, five mutants, MutS-D14A, MutS-D14N, MutS-D14E, MutS-H16G and MutS-H16Q, were made using the technique of site-directed mutagenesis. Mutations of either Asp14 or His16 result in the decrease of kcat by 1000-fold. The u.v.-visible spectra of the wild-type and mutant holoenzyme indicated that the mutant enzymes coordinate cobalt less well. The apparent Kd for AdoCbl is raised by about 50-fold when His16 is mutated and by 5-10-fold when Asp14 is mutated. These results suggest that both His16 and Asp14 are important in AdoCbl-binding and catalysis. The association of AdoCbl, E and S subunit to form a holoenzyme complex is a kinetically complicated process, which leads to the variation of kcat and the apparent Km and Kd for AdoCbl with protein concentration. To facilitate mechanistic and structure studies on glutamate mutase, the S subunit was genetically fused to the C-terminus of the E subunit through a 11 amino acid linker. This fusion protein, GlmEs, was over-expressed in E.coli and purified to homogeneity. It binds AdoCbl with the same affinity as wild-type enzyme when MutS is presented saturating conditions. More importantly, turnover is no longer protein concentration-dependent.
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Mutepe, Rendani Daphney. "Ethanol production from sweet sorghum / Mutepe R.D." Thesis, North-West University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/7275.
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The use of fossil fuels contributes to global warming and there is a consequent need to
resort to clean and renewable fuels. The major concerns with using agricultural crops
for the production of energy are food and water security. Crops that do not threaten food
security and that can be cultivated with a relatively low amount of water and produce
high yields of fermentable sugars are therefore needed. Sweet sorghum is a fastgrowing
crop that can be harvested twice a year and that can produce both food (grain)
and energy (sugar juice from stems). Sweet sorghum bagasse can also be utilised for
ethanol production.
The aim of this study was to determine the sugar content of different sweet sorghum
cultivars at different harvest times, and determine the cultivar that will produce the
highest ethanol yield at optimized fermentation conditions. Sweet sorghum bagasse was
also pretretated, enzymatic hydrolysed and fermented and the best pretreatment method
and ethanol yield was determined.
In this study, sweet sorghum juice, which mostly consists of readily fermentable sugars
(glucose, sucrose and fructose), as well as the bagasse obtained after juice extraction,
were converted to bio–ethanol. Sweet sorghum juice was fermented to ethanol using
Saccharomyces cereviciae without any prior pretreatment. The effect of pH (4–6), yeast
concentration (1–5g.L–1), initial sugar concentration (110–440g.L–1) and the addition of a
nitrogen source (urea, ammonium sulphate, yeast extract and peptone) on the ethanol
yield was investigated. The pretreatment of bagasse using sulphuric acid (3wt %), and
calcium hydroxide (0.2g/g bagasse), followed by enzymatic hydrolysis using Celluclast
1.5L (0.25g/g bagasse), Novozyme 188 (0.24g/g bagasse) and Tween 80(1.25g.L–1)
were adapted from Mabentsela (2010). Fermentation was done using Saccharomyces
cerevisiae, but it was unable to ferment the xylose sugar.
The results show that the USA 1 cultivar contains the highest sugar content at 3 months.
An ethanol and glycerol yield of 0.48g.g–1 and 0.05g.g–1 was observed respectively at a
pH of 4.5, a yeast concentration of 3wt%, initial sugar concentration of 440g.L–1 and
when ammonium sulphate was added to the fermentation broth as nitrogen source. The glycerol yield formed as a by–product during fermentation and at a maximum ethanol
yield was 0.05g.g–1.
The glucose yield obtained from sulphuric acid, base and ultrasonic wave pretreatment
was 0.79g.g–1, 0.62g.g–1 and 0.62g.g–1 respectively. The glucose yield obtained after
each type of pretreatment was higher than that obtained for unpretreated bagasse, which
was 0.55g.g–1. Base pretreatment, ultrasonic wave pretreatment and unpretreated
bagasse also contained fructose at the end of enzymatic hydrolysis. Base, sulphuric acid
pretreatment disrupted the crystal structure of cellulose and increased the available
surface, and therefore cellulose was easily accessible for enzymatic hydrolysis.
Ultrasonic wave pretreatment showed potential in increasing the surface area for
enzymatic hydrolysis but further investigations need to be done. From bagasse
fermentation, 0.45g.g–1 – 0.39g.g–1 of ethanol per g of available fermentable sugar was
obtained.Thesis (M.Sc. Engineering Sciences (Chemical Engineering))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012.
24
Ness, Kerry Anne. "Mechanism based inhibitors of UDP-GalÆ’ mutase." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.479432.
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Mancia, Filippo. "The crystal structure of methylmalonyl-CoA mutase." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.627037.
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Larsson, Jakob. "Verkstaden för potentiell keramik : Eadem Mutata Resurgo." Thesis, Konstfack, Keramik & Glas, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:konstfack:diva-6349.
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Macedo, Puyau Pierre de. "Synthèse, étude enzymologique et modélisation moléculaire d'inhibiteurs de la monophosphoglycerate mutase de levure et de la bisphosphoglycerate mutase humaine." Toulouse 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997TOU30114.
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Le 2,3-diphosphoglycerate, effecteur de l'affinite de l'hemoglobine en oxygene, est a l'origine de troubles musculaires et cardio-vasculaires lorsque sa concentration n'est pas convenablement regulee. Le travail de recherche constituant ce document a ete mene dans le but de reguler le taux de 2,3-diphosphoglycerate erythrocitaire a travers l'inhibition de l'activite phosphatase de l'enzyme bisphosphoglycerate mutase a l'origine de la consommation de ce metabolite. Apres une mise au point bibliographique sur les phosphoglycerates mutases, les differentes strategies de synthese d'inhibiteurs specifiques sont enoncees, ceci en vue d'obtenir une meilleure connaissance du mecanisme reactionnel, ainsi que la synthese d'inhibiteurs de type irreversible. Ainsi sont decrites les syntheses d'analogues des differents substrats diphosphoryles des enzymes : le 1,3-diphosphoglycerate et le 2,3-diphosphoglycerate, ainsi que celles d'analogues du cofacteur de l'activite phosphatase : le 2-phosphoglycolate. Les effets des differents composes obtenus sont ensuite etudies sur deux types distincts d'enzyme : la monophosphoglycerate mutase de levure et la bisphosphoglycerate mutase humaine, par des methodes de cinetique enzymatique ainsi que par radio marquage au #3#3p. Les resultats obtenus sont ensuite approfondis par modelisation moleculaire de l'enzyme monophosphoglycerate mutase de levure en presence des inhibiteurs determines. Ces differentes etudes permettront de confirmer ainsi que d'affiner les strategies mises au point. Les composes ont ete dans un dernier temps testes sur d'autres enzymes de la glycolyse : aldolase, glyceraldehyde phosphate deshydrogenase et phosphoglycerate kinase, car ils apparaissent comme etant aussi des analogues de leurs substrats. Ces molecules pourraient alors avoir un interet therapeutique contre certains parasites (trypanosomes, leishmanias) chez qui la glycolyse est un metabolisme essentiel.
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Mahfar, Helen. "The homeless mutes| The psychological exile of Persian expatriate women under the patriarchy." Thesis, Pacifica Graduate Institute, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3701302.
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The purpose of this phenomenological study is to investigate how expatriate Persian women, living in the United States, experience the damaging influence of traditional patriarchy. The resulting alienation from the self and this alienation’s attendant psychological symptoms have been investigated under the conceptual heading of psychological exile, which has been treated by many preeminent schools in the psychotherapeutic tradition. The contemporary dynamic of exile has been set within a historical context, in which the rise of monotheism led to the destruction of matriarchal power structures.
In order to focus on how psychological exile is experienced by Persian women in diaspora, a phenomenological method was adopted: Persian women from three different age groups were interviewed, and their interviews were revised through a collaborative process between the interviewer and participants. The psychological essence of these related experiences was then distilled through the Giorgi method of interview data analysis (Giorgi & Giorgi, 2003), combined with Robert Romanyshyn’s method of Portrait Analysis (Romanyshyn, personal communications, 2010, 2011). From each of the three groups, emergent common themes were extracted and compared.
The patriarchal system has favored males and devalued females for centuries; each generation transmits its conceptual framework and cultural practices to the next generation, a process in which women are themselves complicit. This patriarchal system has not just limited the role of women in society, but has also actively damaged them by marring their identities, compromising their feminine natures, hiding them behind the veil of abroo, and robbing them of their natural language. These wounds manifest themselves through sexual repression, depression, and various other psychological symptoms.
The elucidation of how these women experience hierarchy’s damaging effects will have many implications for therapists treating Persians. This research project was undertaken with the goal of providing a roadmap for therapists treating Persian clients.
29
Bergström, Marita. "En tyst utmaning - några pedagogers erfarenhet av att arbeta med barn som har selektiv mutism." Thesis, University of Gävle, Department of Education and Psychology, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-3038.
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Selektiv mutism är en störning som försämrar prestationsförmågan i studier eller arbete samt försvårar kommunikationen. Störningen gör att barnet oftast avstår att tala på förskolan, sexårsverksamheten samt på skolan medan det däremot talar helt obehindrat hemma. Syftet var att få en ökad förståelse för hur några pedagogers arbete påverkas av vilken kunskap de har om och hur de arbetar med elever som har selektiv mutism. Undersökningen har genomförts utifrån fyra kvalitativa intervjuer med pedagoger som arbetar i tre olika kommuner i Sverige. Urvalet har gjorts utifrån deras erfarenheter av att arbeta med barn som har selektiv mutism och deras tillgång alternativt avsaknad av handledning i ämnet. Tre kvinnliga och en manlig pedagog har intervjuats och deras erfarenhetsområde utgörs av sex-årsverksamhet, grundskola, grundsärskola och gymnasiesärskola. En pedagog har erhållit begränsad handledning i ett tidigt skede, en annan har fått och får kontinuerlig handledning medan de övriga två inte har fått någon handledning alls. Resultatet påvisade ett stort behov av handledning samtidigt som ytterst få i Sverige har den speciella kompetens, som krävs för att kunna bistå med det.
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Van, der Smissen Gayle L. (Gayle Lynn). "A Content Analysis of Case Studies in Childhood Selective Mutism." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1995. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278267/.
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The problem of this study was to provide a more comprehensive and accurate profile of various aspects of selective mutism—family atmosphere/dynamics, aetiology and manifestations of mutism, usages and outcomes of therapeutic approaches, and a profile of the affected child—and to provide a more comprehensive and consistent basis to guide effective treatment strategies and facilitate additional research. A content analysis of case studies of selective mute children completed from 1929-1994 was used to educe this data.
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Kannan, Suresh M. "Studies on methylmalonyl-CoA mutase from Escherichia coli." Thesis, University of Westminster, 2008. https://westminsterresearch.westminster.ac.uk/item/91652/studies-on-methylmalonyl-coa-mutase-from-escherichia-coli.
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Methylmalonyl-CoA mutase (MCM, E.C. 5.4.99.2), a coenzyme B12-dependent enzyme, catalyses the inter conversion of succinyl-CoA and methylmalonyl- CoA. The gene (sbm) encoding this enzyme is found in Escherichia coli (E. coli) at 62.3min on the E. coli chromosome. However, the metabolic role of this enzyme in the organism is not known. This project involves an investigation into this metabolic obscurity. The sbm gene is part of a four gene operon which also includes argK (or ygfD) that codes for a protein kinase catalysing the phosphorylation of two periplasmic binding proteins involved in cationic amino acid transport, ygfG that codes for methylmalonyl-CoA decarboxylase and ygfH that codes for propionyl-CoA: succinyl-CoA transferase. From existing literature we suspect that this operon, including the sbm gene, could be involved in the utilisation of unusual carbon sources such as succinate and propionate. An insertion mutant of the sbm gene created by transposon mediated mutagenesis was used for investigating the role of this gene. The wild type E. coli K12 strain, E. coli TR6524 and the mutant E. coli K12 (sbm::MudJ) were used in this study. Growth of the two strains (E. coli TR6524 and FA1P1) in minimal media with three different concentrations (0.05, 0.5, 5.0μg/mL) of vitamin B12 and in the presence succinate, propionate or glucose as the sole source of carbon, was studied. Growth was typical in media with glucose with no major differences in the growth pattern of the wild type and mutant strain. However, the two strains exhibited a differential growth pattern in media containing succinate, with the wild type growing faster than the mutant, indicating the role of the sbm gene in the utilisation of this carbon source. Growth in media containing propionate as the sole carbon source indicated only marginal differences in the growth pattern of the wild type and mutant strain. This result possibly suggests that the other pathways for propionate utilisation in E. coli compensate for the lack of a functional Sbm protein in the mutant strain. Promoter analysis indicated the presence of a promoter induced by σS, a transcription factor involved in the expression of proteins under stress or stationary phase growth conditions. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) studies of the genes of the sbm operon (sbm-argK-ygfGygfH) under the same growth conditions were carried out. Densitometric analysis of the PCR products suggested that the transcription level of sbm was higher in E. coli grown in succinate as compared to when grown in glucose and not as much when grown in propionate indicating a transcriptional level control of the sbm gene expression during the utilisation of succinate. RT-PCR studies also indicated a higher level of transcription of the gene in the stationary phase of the culture during the utilisation of succinate. Real time reverse transcription PCR (QPCR) analysis was used for the absolute quantification of the transcription of the genes of the sbm operon. An increase in the mRNA levels corresponding to the sbm, argK and ygfG genes was observed as E. coli TR6524 growth reached stationary phase, in the presence of succinate or propionate as the sole source of carbon as compared to glucose, In contrast, the highest mRNA levels corresponding to the ygfH gene were observed in the early log-phase of growth. This indicated a differential transcriptional level control of the genes within the operon. This study further established the possible role of this operon in the utilisation of succinate and propionate. The MCM enzyme activity measurement in the whole cell extracts of the wild type E. coli K12, grown under the above mentioned conditions, led to the first ever measurement of MCM activity in wild type E. coli. These measurements also revealed a four fold increase of the MCM specific activity in the case of growth in succinate (4.76x10-3U/mg) and a two fold increase for growth in propionate (2.79x10-3U/mg) compared to that observed with growth in glucose (1.37x10-3U/mg), indicating a significant level of involvement of the enzyme in succinate utilisation, and to a lesser extent in propionate utilisation. The proteomic analysis to understand the gene expression pattern of E. coli TR6524 was carried out using cells harvested at the stationary phase. The results showed that growth conditions induced the expression of transport related (HisJ, DppA) and energy generating proteins (PckA, AceF) required by E. coli to cope with the stressful growth conditions. However, Sbm was not identified among the limited protein spots that were analysed. Finally, E. coli K12 sbm gene was successfully cloned into B. cereus SPV leading to the development of a metabolically engineered polyhydroxyalkanoate producing strain of B. cereus. The intention was to provide the bacteria with a natural intracellular source of propionyl-CoA, leading to the production of the P(3HB-co-3HV) copolymer from structurally non related carbon sources like glucose. Hence, this work has initiated investigation into the metabolic role of the sbm gene product in E. coli. In addition, it has also led to the use of this gene product in metabolic engineering applications.
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White, Malcolm F. "Yeast phosphoglycerate mutase studied by site-directed mutagenesis." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/24419.
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Isaac, Mutasa. "Commúnity Media and peace building in post-conflict Rwanda." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-22306.
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AbstractThe main import of this case study is to understand how community radio has contributed to peace in the aftermath of the genocide in Rwanda which in essence was the massacring of the Tutsi and Hutu moderates by Hutu extremists. The inquiry embraces the citizen participation theory and a rhizomatic approach to the study of community media as its analytic lenses. This task is accomplished through expert interviews with community media practitioners. The main research question for the study is; How has community radio contributed to peace building in post-conflict Rwanda? A subsidiary question is posed: How have changes in post genocide Rwanda´s media environment impacted the operations of community radios? These questions are important in post-conflict Rwanda where one ethnic group fought the other aided by the radio amidst accusations and counter accusations of marginalisation in developmental matters and political influence.The study finds that community radio has contributed to peace by defining community in terms of region and not defining the concept along the same ethnic lines that have proven to be problematic in the past They have instead placed emphasis on homogeneity e.g. same language and culture rather than difference and have adopted a new narrative to describe the socio-economic challenges of the Rwandan people. A platform for citizen participation was created for people to share experiences and resolve disputes and regular reconciliatory messages pass through the airwaves. While there have been challenges with the restructuring of the media-legal framework which in the eyes of some resulted in too harsh media laws and strict government control, community media is one of the major benefactors of the changes. A measure of decency was established.
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JACQUET, PARNAUDEAU MARIE-ANGE. "Etude comparative de promoteurs d'e. Coli naturels et mutes dans les regions non conservees." Paris 7, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA077120.
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Darley, Daniel James. "Mechanistic investigations into coenzyme Bâ†1â†2 dependent enzymes." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.364804.
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Kremer, Sandra. ""HAN SKADAS INTE AV DEN HAN ÄR" - En intervjustudie med föräldrar och nära anhöriga till barn med Selektiv Mutism om gynnande och missgynnande faktorer i förskolan." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle (HS), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-24813.
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”HAN SKADAS INTE AV DEN HAN ÄR”- EN INTERVJUSTUDIE MED FÖRÄLDRAR OCH NÄRA ANHÖRIGA TILL BARN MED SELEKTIV MUTISM OM GYNNANDE OCH MISSGYNNANDE FAKTORER I FÖRSKOLANSANDRA KREMERKremer, S. ”Han skadas inte av den han är” – En intervjustudie med föräldrar och nära anhöriga till barn med Selektiv Mutism om gynnande och missgynnande faktorer i förskolan. Examensarbete i handikapp och rehabiliteringsvetenskap 15 högskolepoäng. Malmö Högskola: Fakulteten för Hälsa och Samhälle, 2016.ABSTRAKTSyftet med denna studie är att se närmare på föräldrar och nära anhörigas upplevelser av vilka faktorer på förskolan som är gynnande och missgynnande för deras barn med Selektiv Mutism. Detta då det är ett mindre utforskat område och framförallt finns det lite användbart material gällande Selektiv Mutism. I denna studie har jag intervjuat föräldrar och anhöriga till barn med Selektiv Mutism som har bra insyn i barnets förskola. Under intervjuerna berättar föräldrarna och de anhöriga om de upplevelser de har om sitt barn gällande exempelvis bemötande, miljö och samverkan i förskolans kontext. För att analysera denna empiri har teoribildning om sociala representationer och KASAM tillämpats. Resultatet visar att intervjupersonerna var positivt inställda till anpassning av såväl miljö som bemötande i förskolan och att de var positiva till en samverkan mellan föräldrarna och pedagogerna på förskolan. Det nämndes också flera faktorer de upplevt vara gynnande eller missgynnande för deras barn i förskolan. Några faktorer nämns även i tidigare forskning, exempelvis vikten av barngruppens uppbyggnad och pedagogens uppmuntrande roll. Det framkom också att flertalet intervjupersoner var negativa till samverkan med professionella stödinsatser då dessa intervjupersoner misstrodde deras kunskaper. Nyckelord: Förskola, förälder, KASAM, selektiv mutism, sociala representationer och pedagog.”HE WILL NOT BE DAMAGED BY WHAT HE IS”- A STUDY WITH PARANTS AND CLOSE RELATIVES TO CHILDREN WITH SELECTIVE MUTISM ABOUT ADVANTAGE AND DISADVANTAGE FACTORS IN PRESCHOOLSANDRA KREMERKremer, S. ”He will not med damaged by what he is” - A study with the parents and close relatives of children with selective mutism of advantage and disadvantage factors in preschool. Degree projekt in Disability and Rehabilitation Science 15 credits. Malmö University: Faculty of Health and Society, 2016.ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study is to look into the parents and close relatives' experiences of the factors at the preschool that is favorable and unfavorable for their children with selective mutism. This because it is a less explored area, and above all, there are some useful material concerning Selektiv Mutism. In this study, I interviewed parents and families of children with selective mutism that has good transparency of the child's preschool. During the interviews, the parents and the relatives described their experiences they have of their child regarding treatment, the environment and cooperation in the preschool context. To analyze the empirical data theories of social representations and SOC were applied. The results show that respondents were in favor of the adjustment of both the environment and treatment in kindergarten and that they were in favor of a collaboration between parents and teachers at the preschool. Several factors they experienced to be favorable or unfavorable for their children in preschool were also mentioned. These factors are mentioned in previous research, such as the importance of children´s group structure and educator encouraging role. It also emerged that the majority of respondents were negative about cooperation with professional support measures as the respondents distrusted their knowledge.Keywords: Preschool, parent, SOC, selective mutism, social representations and educator.
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Helmstaedt, Kerstin. "Yeast Chorismate Mutase: Molecular Evolution of an Allosteric Enzyme." Doctoral thesis, [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2002. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=967078385.
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Holloway, Daniel Everett. "Studies on the structure and mechanism of glutamate mutase." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1995. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/284366.
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Archer, Catherine Helen. "Mechanistic and stereochemical studies on methylaspartase and glutamate mutase." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/14382.
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Preliminary studies have been undertaken on the enzyme, glutamate mutase. Stereochemically pure (2S,3S)-3-ethylaspartic acid has been synthesized. The turnover of this substrate analogue by glutamate mutase has been investigated. Possible reaction products have been synthesized. (2S,3S)-[1',1',2',2',2'-2H]-3-Ethylaspartic acid has been prepared and a novel synthesis of [1-2H]-ethanol has been investigated with the aim of preparing (2S,3S)-[1'-2H]-3-ethylaspartic acid. In order to investigate the mechanism of elimination of ammonia from (2S,3R)-3-methylaspartic acid, by the enzyme 3-methylaspartase, stereospecific routes to (2S,3R)-3-methylaspartic acid and [3-2H]-(2S,3R)-3-methylaspartic acid have been explored. The compounds were obtained in high enantiomeric excess and with >97 % incorporation of deuterium into the latter. It has been demonstrated that 3-methylaspartase catalyses the direct elimination of ammonia from these substrates, presumably by a syn- elimination mechanism. The kinetic parameters, Vmax and Km, have been determined for both compounds at 1 and 50 mM potassium ion concentrations. A deuterium isotope effect on (D(V)) of 7.15 +/- 2.74 was measured for the reaction at 1 mM potassium ion concentration. A large D(V) of 6.79 + 0.92 was also observed at 50 mM potassium ion concentration, in contrast to results with the natural isomer which show the effect is completely suppressed at this potassium ion concentration. Values for D(V/K) were also obtained at 1 and 50 mM potassium ion concentrations. They were 3.39 +/- 1.6 and 4.10 +/- 1.3, respectively. The 15N isotope effect on V/K was measured at 1 mM potassium ion concentration. A value of 1.0028 +/- 0.0040 was observed for (2S,3R)-3-methylaspartic acid, and, a value of 1.0033 +/- 0.0043 observed for [3-2H]-(2S,3R)-3-methylaspartic acid.
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Caravano, Audrey. "Etude mécanistique et synthèse d'inhibiteurs de l'UDP-Galactopyranose mutase." Paris 6, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA066035.
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Walter, Rebecca. "Protein engineering studies on phosphoglycerate mutase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/22718.
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The glycolytic enzyme phosphoglycerate mutase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae catalyzes the interconversion of 2- and 3-phosphoglycerate via a Ping-Pong mechanism involving a phosphorylated histidine residue. It also shows a low level of phosphatase activity which is thought to be a result of the non-productive transfer of a phospho group to water. The two C-terminal residues are both lysines, and it has been suggested that they are involved in catalysis. Three mutants in which one or both lysines are replaced by glycine have been characterized (K246G, K245G and K245G/K246G). The K246G mutant has kinetic properties almost identical to the wild type. When the lysine 245 residue is replaced, there are some differences in the kinetic parameters of the resulting mutants which suggest changes in the binding of the substrate and/or release of the product, but it is unlikely that either lysine is involved in electrostatic interactions crucial to the catalytic mechanism. Phosphoglycerate mutase also catalyzes a 2,3-bisphophoglycerate synthase activity although at a much lower level than the mutase activity, and the yeast enzyme is closely related to the bisophosphoglycerate synthase enzyme present in red blood cells. This enzyme catalyzes the same three reactions as the yeast mutase, but the synthase activity is much higher in the erythrocyte enzyme. Comparison of the amino acid sequences of the two proteins show two significant differences in the active site region: residues 11 and 60 (S. cerevisiae numbering) are a serine and an alanine respectively in the yeast mutase, and a glycine and a serine in the erythrocyte synthase. Characterization of yeast mutase mutants with residues 11 and 60 replaced by the corresponding synthase residues (S11A and A60S) showed differences in the catalytic parameters and decreased mutase activity. However, circular dichroism shows that this could be due to structural differences rather than a change in functional groups in the active site. Another active site residue implicated in the catalytic mechanism is glutamate 86. When this residue is replaced with a glutamine, there is a very significant decrease in mutase activity, and the KM values for each of the substrates are increased significantly. It has been suggested that this residue is involved in a catalytic triad in the related enzyme 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase. These results support a similar role for the residue in the mutase activity of the S. cerevisiae phosphoglycerate mutase.
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Stefan, Jarl. ""Der Taubstumme ist ein ordentlicher Mensch, wie der Hörende!" : Frågan om människan och de dövstummas människostatus under upplysningen." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för idé- och lärdomshistoria, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-166685.
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Under upplysningstiden tog den systematiska undervisningen av dövstumma fart. Detta väckte uppmärksamhet och många av deras lärare i både Frankrike och Tyskland blev kända och hyllade för sina prestationer. Dessutom blev den dövstumme ett alltmer vanligt inslag i filosofisk och pedagogisk debatt. Man ställde sig frågor vad de dövstumma kunde lära sig, vilka kunskaper de besatt utan utbildning och man debatterade flitigt vilken undervisningsmetod som var den bästa. Dessutom dök de dövstumma upp i mer utpräglat filosofiskt tänkande. Denna figur utan talspråk blev till ett dynamiskt inslag och en utmaning i den samtida debatten och europeiska tankeutbytet. I och med att de dövstummas inre liv inte var tillgängligt och möjligt att undersöka kom en mängd föreställningar att projiceras på dem och de användes som medel i filosofiska debatter av epistemologiskt, antropologiskt och psykologiskt slag. Den här undersökningen vill med hjälp av samtida tyskt tidskriftsmaterial och tre filosofiska texter titta närmare på hur man förstod de dövstummas väsen och i vilken mån den dövstumme var ett sant mänskligt väsen. Till tre figurer (det vilda barnet och skogsmänniskan) fogas den dövstumme som en tredje gestalt, vars närvaro ställde trängande frågor om människans väsen. Vem var den dövstumme och vad var det som gjorde att många av samtidens tänkare ställde sig tveksamma till om den dövstumme var en verklig människa? Vad skulle tillkomma för att han skulle räknas som en sådan? De dövstumma kom att kopplas samman med vildhet, djuriskhet och beskrivas som ofullbordade människor vars realiserande ålåg dövstumlärarna. Men trots detta tänkte man sig att de kunde bli verkliga människor i och med att de omfattades av föreställningen om en för människan typisk perfectibilité. I undersökingen argumenteras det för att några central aspekter av att göra människor av de dövstumma bestod i att ge dem språk och därmed ett förnuft, att skapa ordning i deras inre och att skapa ett jag. Conrad Amman (1669–1724), Abbé L'Epée (1712-1789), Samuel Heinicke (1727-1790), K. P. Moritz (1756-1793)
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Mercaldi, Gustavo Fernando. "Fosfoglicerato mutase de Trypanosoma brucei: estrutura e mecanismo de reação." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/76/76132/tde-16092010-151344/.
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As doenças tropicais têm um grande impacto sobre a saúde em países de baixa renda, estando relacionadas com condições de pobreza e desigualdade. A tripanossomíase africana é uma infecção parasitaria negligenciada incluída na agenda da Organização Mundial de Saúde. Esta enfermidade é causada pelo Trypanosoma brucei gambiense e Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, sendo transmitida pela mosca tsé-tsé (Glossina sp.) e geralmente fatal se não tratada. Os fármacos usados no seu tratamento são ineficazes, difíceis de administrar e causam severas reações adversas. Portanto, existe a necessidade do desenvolvimento de alternativas quimioterápicas eficazes e seguras. Assim, a enzima fosfoglicerato mutase (PGAM) surge como um importante alvo molecular. Esta enzima esta envolvida no metabolismo de glicose, sendo necessária para a viabilidade do parasito. Somado a isso, ela difere da enzima dos hospedeiros permitindo a identificação de inibidores específicos. Não obstante, esforços têm sido realizados para identificar inibidores da PGAM, bem como para elucidar sua estrutura e mecanismo de reação. Nosso propósito é obter o modelo de alta resolução desta macromolécula sem ligantes e conseqüentemente analisar a mudança de conformação que esta sofre ao se ligar ao seu substrato natural. A PGAM de Trypanosoma brucei obtida na expressão e purificação mostrou-se cataliticamente ativa nos ensaios cinéticos. Por experimentos de cromatografia de exclusão molecular observamos que a amostra purificada se comportava na forma de monômero. Dados de difração de raios-X foram coletados para cristais da macromolécula obtidos na ausência de ligantes. A estrutura cristalográfica foi resolvida a 2.3 Å, apresentando um dímero na unidade assimétrica. Ambas as moléculas do dímero estavam na forma livre e apresentava grande diferença conformacional se comparadas com as PGAMs de estruturas conhecidas que estão ligadas ao substrato ou produto natural. Por espalhamento de raios-X a baixos ângulos confirmamos que a enzima é monomérica em condições que mimetizam a fisiológica. A mudança conformacional induzida pelo ligante não afeta a topologia dos dois domínios da PGAM. Entretanto, há mudanças nos ângulos torcionais da cadeia principal dos laços que conectam os domínios da proteína. Além disso, o metal cobalto parece estar envolvido na estabilização da estrutura terciária da PGAM na conformação livre. Finalmente, este novo modelo estrutural pode contribuir para o esforço internacional de desenvolver fármacos tripanocidasTropical diseases represent a major burden on population health in low-incoming countries, being related to poverty and social disadvantage. African trypanosomiasis is a neglected parasitic infection on the agenda of World Health Organization. This disorder is caused by Trypanosoma brucei gambiensis and Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiensis, transmitted by the tsetse fly (Glossina sp.), and usually fatal if untreaded. The drugs used in the treatment are ineffective, difficult to administer, and cause severe adverse reactions. Therefore, there is a need to develop effective and safe chemotherapies. Thus, the enzyme phosphoglycerate mutase (PGAM) emerges as an important molecular target. This enzyme is involved in glucose metabolism, and is necessary for viability of the parasite. Moreover, it differs from the host enzyme allowing the identification of specific inhibitors. Nevertheless, efforts have been made in identifying PGAM inhibitors and to elucidate their structure and mechanism of reaction. Our purpose is to obtain the high resolution model of the macromolecule free from ligands and consequently to analyze the change in conformation that undergoes upon binding to its natural substrate. Trypanosoma brucei PGAM obtained in the expression and purification was shown to be catalytically active in the kinetics assays. In the size exclusion chromatography we observed that the purified sample behaves as a monomer. X-ray diffraction data were collected for crystals of the macromolecules obtained in the absence of ligands. The crystal structure was solved to 2.3 Å, showing a dimmer in the asymmetric unit. Both molecules of the dimmer were in free form, and had a large conformational difference compared with those of know PGAM structures that are connected to the natural substrate or product. Small angle X-ray scattering confirm that the enzyme is monomeric under conditions that mimic the physiological. Ligand-induced conformational change does not affect the topology of the two domains of the PGAM. However, there are changes in torsional angles of the main chain of the loops that connect the protein domains. Additionally, the metal cobalt seems to be involved in stabilizing the tertiary structure of PGAM in the free conformation. Finally, this new structural model may contribute to the international effort to develop trypanocidal drugs.
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Gollini, Alessandro. "Protocolli di autenticazione mutua e loro implementazione." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/10021/.
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La tesi discute i protocolli di autenticazione d'entità, in particolare i protocolli di autenticazione mutua. Dopo averne definito le principali caratteristiche utilizzando diversi esempi, si descrive il protocollo MAP1, presentato da Mihir Bellare e Philip Rogaway nel 1993. Di questo protocollo viene successivamente descritta una possibile implementazione e simulazione nell'ambiente Stateflow di Simulink.
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Pöyhtäri, E. (Essi). "Mutta tähänkin asiaan tulenee kohta muutosta:potentiaalin vokaalivartaloistuminen." Bachelor's thesis, University of Oulu, 2019. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201902021129.
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Tutkin kandidaatintutkielmassa vokaalivartaloiden yleistymistä potentiaalimuodoissa verbeissä tulla, tehdä, nähdä, surra ja purra. Vokaalivartaloiden yleistyminen eli vokaalivartaloistuminen on morfologinen muutos, joka on ollut käynnissä suomen kielessä satoja vuosia. Toiset vokaalivartaloistuneet muodot ovat jo osa yleiskieltä (sunna > sutena) ja toiset esiintyvät vielä norminvastaisina innovaatioina (*käteä pro kättä). Potentiaalissa on myös havaittu norminvastaisia vokaalivartaloita kuten *tulenee pro tullee. Tutkimuksessani selvitän, minkälaisia vokaalivartaloistuneita muotoja tutkimissani verbeissä esiintyy ja miten ne jakautuvat muotoryhmiin. Vertailen tutkimustuloksiani myös Palviaisen ja Västin (2017, 2018) hypoteesiin, jonka mukaan vokaalivartaloistuminen on yleisempää harvinaisemmissa perussanamaisissa sanoissa kuin yleisemmissä. Yleisemmät perussanat aineistossani ovat tulla, tehdä ja nähdä. Harvinaisia perussanoja edustavat surra ja purra. Keräsin aineistoni Ylilaudan ja Suomi24:n keskustelupalstoilta.
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Möttönen, V. (Vuokko). "Kuunnellaan mutta kuullaanko:omaishoitajien kokemuksia kuulluksi tulemisesta terveydenhuollossa." Master's thesis, University of Oulu, 2013. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201309171699.
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Väestön ikääntymisen myötä yhä useamman vanhuksen, pitkäaikaissairaan ja vaikeavammaisen hoiva pyritään järjestämään kotona omaisten avun turvin. Omaishoitajien rooli hoitajana ja terveydenhuollon osana ovat vielä melkoisen selkiytymättömiä. Tämän laadullisen tutkimuksen tarkoituksena on selvittää kuinka terveydenhuolto kuuntelee ja ottaa huomioon kotona omaistaan hoitavia henkilöitä. Aineistona käytettiin kuuden omaishoitajan ja neljän terveydenhuollon asiantuntijan teemahaastatteluja. Aineisto analysoitiin sisällön analyysin avulla. Tutkimustehtäviä oli kaksi: 1. Miten terveydenhuollon henkilöstö antaa tietoa omaisen hoitoon liittyvissä käytännön asioissa? 2. Miten omaishoitajat kokevat tulleensa kuulluiksi ja ohjatuiksi läheisen sairastuttua? Omaishoitajaa käsiteltiin terveydenhuollon puitteissa resurssina, jonka varaan laskettiin kotona olevan hoidettavan koko hoito. Terveydenhuollossa ohjeistettiin omaishoitajaa kuten yhtä terveydenhuollon työntekijää liiemmin kuuntelematta omaishoitajan mielipidettä. Toiminnan tuloksellisuus edellyttää kuitenkin omaishoitajan entistä parempaa huomioon ottamista toimintoja suunniteltaessa. Terveydenhuollon asiantuntijat kokivat antavansa omaishoitajille tietoa ja ohjausta niissä puitteissa kuin ajan rajallisuus huomioiden on mahdollista, joskin he tiedostivat oman tietämyksensä vajavuuden tukipalveluasioissa. Omaishoitajat tunsivat olevansa hoitajia käytännön pakosta ja kokivat, että heitä ei juurikaan kuunnella eikä oteta huomioon hoitotilanteita suunniteltaessa. Keskeisimmät kehittämistarpeet liittyvät omaishoitajuuteen kouluttamiseen, sektoreiden väliseen yhteistyöhön sekä omaishoitajien jaksamisen tukemiseen. Tutkimustuloksia voidaan hyödyntää omaishoitajien jaksamisen tukemiseen ja tätä myötä omaishoidon tehokkuuden lisäämiseenAs the population is aging, an increasing number of elderly, chronically ill and severely disabled are taken care of at their homes with the help of family caregivers. Their role as carers and as a part of the health care system are still quite undefined. The purpose of this qualitative study is to find out how the heath care system listens to and takes into consideration those caring for their family member at home. The material used is focused interviews of six caregivers and four health care experts. The data were analyzed using content analysis. The study had two tasks: 1. How do health care staff provide information about the practical matters? 2. How do caregivers feel that they are heard and supervised when the family member is taken ill? Caregivers were treated within the health care system as a resource, upon which was entrusted the whole care of the family member. In health care the family caregivers were instructed as health care workers without listening to the opinion of the caregiver. Operational efficiency, however, requires better consideration of the caregiver when planning the activities. Health care experts felt that they gave the caregivers enough information and guidance within the limited time, although they were aware of their own poor knowledge of disability support issues. Caregivers felt that they became carers under compulsion, and that they were not listened to or taken into consideration when planning the care. The key development areas are training of the caregivers, co-operation between the sectors and supporting the family caregivers to cope. The research results can be used to help family caregivers to cope with their workload and thus increase the efficiency of home health care
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Rådén, Anders. "Liszt och Alkan: Den virtuosa pianoetyden : Övningsstycke eller muterat monster?" Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för musikvetenskap, 1999. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-173851.
Full textAbstract:
Anders Rådén: Liszt & Alkan: the virtuoso piano study – practice study or monstrous mutation? Uppsala: Musikvetenskap, 1998. C-uppsats (60 p). The purpose of this essay is to analyse a selection of studies by Franz Liszt (1811-1886) and Charles- Valentin Alkan (1813-1888). Can they be definedas practice studies, or are they reshaped in such a manner, as to establish a larger form reminiscent of the concert study? First of all, typical study characteristics of this time period are determined, then such characteristics are looked for in three of either Liszt's and Alkan's studies (from Douze grandes études S137 and Douze études dans les tons mineurs Op. 39). Original sources consist of scores of the two mentioned works; Carl Czerny's Die Schule der Geläufigkeit Op. 299 was used as a reference source for typical study characteristics.The analysis of the studies shows that only by way of exception do they have characteristics in common with traditional studies. Liszt and Alkan explore the traditional study genre in their earlier works, but here they cross its definition line. Form, harmony and virtuosity are expanded beyond recognition, and this is due to two reasons: In order to present technical innovations of a high virtuosity incorporated into a through-composed work. The piano as an instrument was still under development during the time of the composition of these studies. The resulting tone and mechanics of the piano made possible these new innovations. Helped by these new sonorities, to try to emulate a full-scale orchestra as closely as possible.
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Reeves, Nancy. "A Case Study on Elective Mutism Using a consultation Model." TopSCHOLAR®, 1995. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/920.
Full textAbstract:
In the present case study, shaping/desensitization procedures, along with behavioral contracts, were implemented through a consultation model in an attempt to treat a seven year-old elective mute female within the school setting. The author (consultant) provided information to the subject's teacher (consultee) in order to treat the subject's elective mutism. The procedure consisted of trials using a sound-level meter to successively approximate the desired behavior of speaking at school. The goal was for the subject to respond verbally to questions and requests invoked by her teachers and peers within the school setting and to improve her social interactions. The results indicated that, although the subject did not initiate verbalizations at school, she did begin to interact, both socially and verbally, with her peers outside of school. Several issues are examined in an attempt to explain possible reasons for the subject's failure to speak at school. Recommendations are also made for future studies.
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Christendat, Dinesh Singh. "Mechanistic studies on chorismate mutase-prephenate dehydrogenase from E. coli." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0003/NQ39617.pdf.
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Macrae, Stephen J. "A computational study of catalysis in Bacillus subtilis chorismate mutase." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.495642.
Full textAbstract:
QM/MM and QM calculations have been applied to investigate and refine modelled features of the substrate binding characteristics and catalysed rearrangement of chorismate to prephenate in Bacillus Suhtilis chorismate mutase. The structural details of the modelled active site and enzyme-substrate binding interactions in a range of QM/MM simulations are investigated and compared with results from detailed analysis of the available crystal structure data. This has helped to identify significant variations between experimental and modelled details of key enzyme-substrate interactions. Detailed structure-activity relationship studies of multiple high level reaction profiles previously run in the group have demonstrated that such variations in the substrate binding interactions have a dramatic on the modelled barrier height and reaction energy.