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Nährlich, Stefan. "Orientierungslos, mutlos, machtlos." Blätter der Wohlfahrtspflege 154, no. 4 (2007): 151–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0340-8574-2007-4-151.
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Feng, W. Y., E. H. Lee, and J. B. Hays. "Recombinagenic processing of UV-light photoproducts in nonreplicating phage DNA by the Escherichia coli methyl-directed mismatch repair system." Genetics 129, no. 4 (December 1, 1991): 1007–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/129.4.1007.
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Abstract Nonreplicating lambda phage DNA in homoimmune Escherichia coli lysogens provides a useful model system for study of processes that activate DNA for homologous recombination. We measured recombination by extracting phage DNA from infected cells, using it to transfect recA recipient cells, and scoring the frequency of recombinant infective centers. With unirradiated phage, recombinant frequencies were less than 0.1%. However, recombination could be increased over 300-fold by prior UV irradiation of the phages. The dependence of recombination on UvrA function varied greatly with UV dose. With phage irradiated to 20 J/m2, recombinant frequencies in repressed infections of uvr+ bacteria were one-fifth those in uvrA infections; with phages irradiated to 100 J/m2, frequencies in uvr+ infections were thirty times higher than in uvrA infections. Most UV-stimulated recombination in uvrA infections appeared to depend on the bacterial methyl-directed mismatch-repair system: frequencies were depressed 5-20-fold in uvrA bacteria also lacking MutH, MutL or MutS functions, and recombinant frequencies decreased with increasing GATC-adenine methylation of phage stocks. The biological activity of nonreplicating UV-irradiated phage DNA declined with time after infection of uvrA cells; this decline was photoproduct-dependent, more marked for undermethylated than overmethylated phage DNA, and depended on host MutHLS functions. In uvr+ bacteria, where the UvrABC system provided an alternative, apparently less efficient, route to recombinagenic DNA, UV-stimulated recombinant frequencies were about twice as high in mutH or mutLS as in mut+ cells, in agreement with hyper-rec mut effects previously described by others.
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Doğan, Tayfun, and Fatma Tuba Aydın. "Do Happy Children Become Happy Adults?" Journal of Humanity and Society (insan & toplum) 11, no. 1 (2021): 69–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.12658/m0437.
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Many psychological theories emphasize the significance of early childhood events. A review of the literature reveals that studies concentrate on the consequences of adverse childhood experiences on the physical and mental health of individuals. A few studies have so far examined the effects of positive childhood experiences on mental health. This research aims to investigate the relationship between positive childhood experiences and happiness. 695 adults (488 female and 207 male) participated in the study. Positive Childhood Experiences Scale served to gather the data regarding the childhood experiences, and The Oxford Happiness Questionnaire is employed to measure the happiness of the participants. According to the results of this study, a positive correlation was found between positive childhood experiences and happiness. Positive childhood experiences explain 23% of happiness and 24% of life satisfaction. In parallel to positive childhood experiences points, the happiness and life satisfaction of the participants also increases. According to the happiness level of participants, those who inform to be very happy have higher levels of positive childhood experiences in comparison to those who feel a moderate level of happiness or declare to be unhappy. The results are discussed in the context of the literature.
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HÖFLING, José Francisco, Denise M. P. SPOLIDÓRIO, Cássio Vicente PEREIRA, Edvaldo A. R. ROSA, and Daniela MOREIRA. "Presença de Streptococcus mutans e Streptococcus mutans associado a Streptococcus sobrinus em escolares de diferentes classes sócio-econômicas e sua relação com a atividade cariogênica dessas populações." Revista de Odontologia da Universidade de São Paulo 13, no. 2 (April 1999): 173–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-06631999000200012.
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As espécies de estreptococos do grupo mutans mais predominantemente isoladas de amostras salivares têm sido S. mutans e S. sobrinus. A detecção desses microrganismos em escolares de diferentes classes sócio-econômicas e sua relação com a atividade cariogênica dessas populações foi estudada, em correlação com os parâmetros clínicos CPOD, CPOS, ceo e ceos. Duzentos (200) escolares pertencentes a cinco categorias sócio-econômicas foram separados em subgrupos de acordo com as espécies de microrganismos identificadas em suas amostras salivares. Do total de crianças analisadas, 103 (51,0%) apresentaram apenas S. mutans na saliva, 33 (17,0%) a associação S. mutans/S. sobrinus, e o restante, 64 (32,0%), outras espécies do grupo mutans (individualmente ou em associação). Nos subgrupos S. mutans e S. mutans/S. sobrinus 79,0% (81) e 76,0% (25), respectivamente, apresentavam cárie dentária, sugerindo um alto índice cariogênico. Para os indivíduos colonizados por S. mutans/S. sobrinus e apenas S. mutans, obtiveram-se valores médios de 9,40 e 6,70, respectivamente, para o índice de ceos, sugerindo que a associação S. mutans/S. sobrinus é potencialmente mais cariogênica que a colonização apenas por S. mutans.
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Singh, Paramdeep, Avninder Kaur, Neerja Kakkar, Manjeet Kaur, and Shivesh Acharya. "Quantitative Correlation of Salivary Streptococcus Mutans Count Amongst Siblings and their Mothers." Dental Journal of Advance Studies 05, no. 02 (August 2017): 090–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1672089.
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Abstract Aim: The present study was planned to analyze quantitative correlation of salivary Streptococcus Mutans (S. Mutans) in siblings and their mothers. Materials and Methods: Quantitative analysis of S. Mutans in saliva was performed using Dentocult SM strip mutans kit (Orion Diagnostica, Helsinki, Finland) in closely related members of the family i.e. siblings along with their mothers. Results: S. Mutans count between the siblings showed positive correlation which was statistically highly significant. The younger childrens’ S. Mutans count was very highly correlated (rs = 0.711) with the mothers’ as compared to that of the older children (rs = 0.412). The S. Mutans count was found to be associated with caries score and was statistically significant. A statistically highly significant positive association was also found with the plaque score. Conclusion: The correlation between the S. Mutans count of related individuals has been reaffirmed. S. Mutans is positively associated with dental caries.
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Zeng, Y., M. Youssef, L. Wang, N. Alkhars, M. Thomas, R. Cacciato, S. Qing, O. Ly-Mapes, and J. Xiao. "Identification of Non-Streptococcus mutans Bacteria from Predente Infant Saliva Grown on Mitis-Salivarius-Bacitracin Agar." Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry 44, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 28–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.17796/1053-4625-44.1.5.
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Objective: Although mitis-salivarius-bacitracin (MSB) agar is a commonly used selective medium for detecting Streptococcus mutans in clinical studies, non-S. mutans microorganisms are cultivatable on MSB agar. Since few studies have identified non-S. mutans bacteria grown on MSB, this study aimed to identify and differentiate MSB-grown non-S. mutans bacteria from predente infants' oral cavity. Study design: The saliva from 51 predente infants were plated on MSB agars. Bacteria colonies were characterized based on their morphology under direct visualization and light microscopic observation. Colony PCR targeting S. mutans htrA locus and 16S rRNA DNA sequencing were used for further bacteria identification. Results: Overall, 80% of the predente infants had oral bacteria grown on the MSB agar. Nine bacteria were identified, including S. mutans, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Klebsiella quasi-pneumoniae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter kobei, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus hominis, Streptococcus anginosus and Phytobacter. The most frequently detected bacteria were S. epidermidis (41.5%), followed by E. kobei (24.4%), K. pneumoniae (17.1%) and S. mutans (9.8%.) Conclusions: Multiple non-S. mutans bacteria from infants' oral cavity could grow on MSB agar. Caution should be exercised in counting the colony forming units of S. mutans from oral samples on MSB agar to avoid overestimation by assuming that all colonies on the MSB agar are S. mutans. Using the colony morphological guide we summarized, these non-S. mutans bacteria could be distinguished from S. mutans. Our study provides a key reference to pediatric cariology clinical-epidemiological studies that commonly use MSB to identify/quantify S. mutans in infants and young children.
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Ong, Seung-Hwan, Jongsoo Kim, Dong-Heon Baek, and Seunghoon Yoo. "Comparison of Cariogenic Characteristics between Fluoride-sensitive and Fluoride-resistant Streptococcus mutans." JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN ACADEMY OF PEDTATRIC DENTISTRY 47, no. 4 (November 30, 2020): 397–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.5933/jkapd.2020.47.4.397.
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The aim of this study is to compare cariogenic characteristics of fluoride-sensitive <i>Streptococcus mutans</i> [fluoride-sensitive (FS) <i>S. mutans</i> ] and fluoride-resistant <i>Streptococcus mutans</i> [fluoride-resistant (FR) <i>S. mutans</i>] in the presence of sucrose, and to evaluate its effect on cariogenic biofilm formation. <i>S. mutans</i> ATCC 25175 was continuously cultured in trypticase soy broth (TSB) containing NaF (70 ppm) for 40 days to generate FR <i>S. mutans</i> . FS and FR <i>S. mutans</i> were inoculated in TSB with or without 2% sucrose, and optical density and pH were measured every hour. An oral biofilm was formed using saliva bacteria and analyzed through confocal laser scanning microscopy and CFU count. Finally, the expression of glucosyltransferases genes of both <i>S. mutans</i> was investigated through RT-PCR. FR <i>S. mutans</i> exhibited slower growth and lower acidogenicity in the presence of sucrose compared to FS <i>S. mutans</i> . Both cariogenic and single species biofilm formation was lower in the presence of FR <i>S. mutans</i> , along with reduced number of bacteria. FR <i>S. mutans</i> showed significantly low levels of gtfB, gtfC, and gtfD expression compared to FS <i>S. mutans</i> . On the basis of results, FR <i>S. mutans</i> may be less virulent in the induction of dental caries.
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Alves, Alessandra C., Ruchele D. Nogueira, Rafael N. Stipp, Flávia Pampolini, Antonio B. A. Moraes, Reginaldo B. Gonçalves, José F. Höfling, Yihong Li, and Renata O. Mattos-Graner. "Prospective study of potential sources of Streptococcus mutans transmission in nursery school children." Journal of Medical Microbiology 58, no. 4 (April 1, 2009): 476–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.005777-0.
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Transmission of Streptococcus mutans, a major dental caries pathogen, occurs mainly during the first 2.5 years of age. Children appear to acquire S. mutans mostly from their mothers, but few studies have investigated non-familial sources of S. mutans transmission. This study prospectively analysed initial S. mutans oral colonization in 119 children from nursery schools during a 1.5-year period and tracked the transmission from child to child, day-care caregiver to child and mother to child. Children were examined at baseline, when they were 5–13 months of age, and at 6-month intervals for determination of oral levels of S. mutans and development of caries lesions. Levels of S. mutans were also determined in caregivers and mothers. A total of 1392 S. mutans isolates (obtained from children, caregivers and mothers) were genotyped by arbitrarily primed PCR and chromosomal RFLP. Overall, 40.3 % of children were detectably colonized during the study, and levels of S. mutans were significantly associated with the development of caries lesions. Identical S. mutans genotypes were found in four nursery cohorts. No familial relationship existed in three of these cohorts, indicating horizontal transmission. Despite high oral levels of S. mutans identified in most of the caregivers, none of their genotypes matched those identified in the respective children. Only 50 % of children with high levels of S. mutans carried genotypes identified in their mothers. The results support previous evidence indicating that non-familial sources of S. mutans transmission exist, and indicate that this bacterium may be transmitted horizontally between children during the initial phases of S. mutans colonization in nursery environments.
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Wang, Bing-Yan, and Howard K. Kuramitsu. "Interactions between Oral Bacteria: Inhibition of Streptococcus mutans Bacteriocin Production by Streptococcus gordonii." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 71, no. 1 (January 2005): 354–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.71.1.354-362.2005.
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ABSTRACT Streptococcus mutans has been recognized as an important etiological agent in human dental caries. Some strains of S. mutans also produce bacteriocins. In this study, we sought to demonstrate that bacteriocin production by S. mutans strains GS5 and BM71 was mediated by quorum sensing, which is dependent on a competence-stimulating peptide (CSP) signaling system encoded by the com genes. We also demonstrated that interactions with some other oral streptococci interfered with S. mutans bacteriocin production both in broth and in biofilms. The inhibition of S. mutans bacteriocin production by oral bacteria was stronger in biofilms than in broth. Using transposon Tn916 mutagenesis, we identified a gene (sgc; named for Streptococcus gordonii challisin) responsible for the inhibition of S. mutans bacteriocin production by S. gordonii Challis. Interruption of the sgc gene in S. gordonii Challis resulted in attenuated inhibition of S. mutans bacteriocin production. The supernatant fluids from the sgc mutant did not inactivate the exogenous S. mutans CSP as did those from the parent strain Challis. S. gordonii Challis did not inactivate bacteriocin produced by S. mutans GS5. Because S. mutans uses quorum sensing to regulate virulence, strategies designed to interfere with these signaling systems may have broad applicability for biological control of this caries-causing organism.
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Minasari, Minasari, Sri Amelia, and Nevi Tinambunan. "PERBEDAAN EFEK EKSTRAK BAWANG MERAH TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN Streptococcus mutans DARI KARIES DAN Streptococcus mutans (ATCC® 35668™)." Jurnal Ilmiah PANNMED (Pharmacist, Analyst, Nurse, Nutrition, Midwivery, Environment, Dentist) 10, no. 3 (November 5, 2018): 296–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.36911/pannmed.v10i3.144.
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Bawang merah merupakan tanaman herbal yang biasa digunakan sebagai bumbu masakan yang memiliki efek antibakteri karena adanya kandungan alkaloid, saponin, dan flavonoid. Alkaloid berfungsi dalam menghambat sintesis protein dan asam nukleat, saponin berperan dalam merusak permeabilitas membran sel, dan flavonoid berfungsi dalam menghancurkan dinding sel Streptococcus mutans. Streptococcus mutans adalah bakteri dominan terjadinya karies. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek ekstrak bawang merah terhadap pertumbuhan Streptococcus mutans dari karies dan Streptococcus mutans (ATCC® 35668™), serta untuk mengetahui perbedaan efek ekstrak bawang merah terhadap kedua jenis bakteri tersebut. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental laboratoris dengan rancangan posttest control group design. Sampel yang digunakan adalah biakan Streptococcus mutans yang diisolasi dari pasien karies dan Streptococcus mutans (ATCC® 35668™). Ekstrak bawang merah dilakukan dengan metode dilusi untuk mendapatkan berbagai konsentrasi ekstrak 80%, 40%, 20%, 10%, 5%, 2,5%, dan 1,25% kemudian ditambahkan suspensi bakteri pada setiap konsentrasi. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah uji deskriptif frekuensi yaitu median untuk mendapatkan nilai tengah dari konsentrasi KHM dan KBM yang dilakukan dengan tiga kali pengulangan dan uji statistik Mann Whitney yang digunakan untuk mencari apakah terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara konsentrasi KHM dan KBM bakteri Streptocccus mutans dari karies dan Streptococcus mutans (ATCC® 35668™). Hasil penelitian ini diperoleh konsentrasi KHM dan KBM dari ekstrak bawang merah terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri Streptococcus mutans yang diisolasi dari pasien karies masing-masing 40% dan 80%. Adapun nilai KHM dan KBM dari ekstrak bawang merah terhadap pertumbuhan Streptococcus mutans (ATCC® 35668™) masing-masing 20% dan 40%. Hasil uji Mann Whitney menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbedaan efek yang signifikan (p>0,05) antara nilai KHM dan KBM dari ekstrak bawang merah terhadap kedua jenis Streptococcus mutans. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini, dapat disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak bawang merah memiliki efektivitas terhadap pertumbuhan Streptococcus mutans dari karies dan Streptococcus mutans (ATCC® 35668™).
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Dewanti, I. Dewa Ayu Ratna, I. Dewa Ayu Susilawati, P. Purwanto, Pujiana Endah Lestari, Roedy Budirahardjo, Dyah Setyorini, Ristya Widi Endah Yani, Erawati Wulandari, and Melok Aris Wahyukundari. "The role of Kuniran (U. moluccensis) and Gurami (O. goramy) fish thorns and scales in increasing salivary leukocyte and monocyte cells viability against Streptococcus mutans." Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) 52, no. 1 (March 31, 2019): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/j.djmkg.v52.i1.p45-50.
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Background: Kuniran thorns and Gurami fish scales are rich in protein and minerals such as dentin believed to increase cell viability against Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) that causes dental caries. These, in turn, can cause systemic diseases if left untreated. Purpose: This study aims to analyze the influence of Kuniran thorns and Gurami fishes scales on the viability of monocytes and salivary leukocytes against S. mutans. Methods: Monocytes and leukocytes salivary cells were placed on a microtiter plate and treated according to the nature of each group. This study comprised the following groups: control group: untreated; S. mutans group: induced by S. Mutans; Gurami thorn group: thorns + S. Mutans; Gurami scales group: scales + S. Mutans; Kuniran thorn group: thorns + S. Mutans; Kuniran scales group: scales + S. mutans. Viability analysis involved staining with Tripan Blue. Furthermore, the number of viable cells (white) was calculated under an inverted microscope at 200 times magnification from five fields of view. Data was analyzed by means of an ANOVA test followed by LSD test. Results: The ANOVA and LSD tests confirmed significant differences (0.01<P). Kuniran thorns and Gurami fish scales increased the viability of monocytes and salivary leukocytes, but not significantly. The content of flavonoids, amino acids, omega 3, omega 6 and antioxidants increased leukocyte metabolism, thereby increasing cell resistance to S. mutans infection. Conclusion: Kuniran thorns (U. moluccensis) and Gurami (O. goramy) fish scales increase the viability of salivary leukocyte and monocyte cells against Streptococcus mutans.
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Gregory, Richard L. "Modified Immunogenicity of a Mucosally Administered Antigen." Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology 8, no. 3 (May 1, 2001): 540–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cdli.8.3.540-544.2001.
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ABSTRACT Streptococcus mutans is present in the saliva of most individuals and is modified by salivary components bound to the cells. These saliva-bound S. mutans are swallowed, exposed to high levels of acidity in the stomach, and presented to the common mucosal immune system. Much effort has been directed to identifying the specific S. mutans antigens that the mucosal immune responses are directed against. However, little is known about the host-altered antigenic determinants that the mucosal immune system recognizes. The immunogenicity of gastrically intubated untreatedS. mutans cells, cells coated with whole human saliva, cells treated with HCl (pH 2.0), and saliva-coated and acid-treated cells in mice was investigated. Saliva and serum samples were assayed by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for immunoglobulin A (IgA) and IgG antibodies, respectively, against the untreated or treated S. mutans cells. In general, the levels of salivary IgA and serum IgG antibodies to the antigen against which the mice were immunized were significantly higher (P ≤ 0.05). In addition, human saliva and serum samples from 12 subjects were assayed for naturally occurring antibody against the untreated or treated S. mutans cells. In every case, significantly higher reactivity was directed against the saliva-coated and acid-treated cells followed by the saliva-coated S. mutans. These results provide evidence for the altered immunogenicity of swallowed S. mutans in humans by coating native S. mutans antigens with salivary components and/or denaturing surface S. mutans antigens in the acidic environment of the stomach, which would lead to an immune response to modified S. mutans determinants and not to native S. mutans antigens.
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Dewanti, I. Dewa Ayu Ratna, Pujiana Endah Lestari, Roedy Budirahardjo, Dyah Setyorini, Ristya Widi Endah Yani, Sunlip Wibisono, and Maizirwan Mel. "THE EFFECT OF STEEPING ROBUSTA COFFEE BEANS ON MONOCYTES: EXPRESSION OF IL-1β AND TNF-α AGAINST Streptococcus mutans." Coffee Science 14, no. 4 (December 9, 2019): 477. http://dx.doi.org/10.25186/cs.v14i4.1619.
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Adhesion, IL–1β, TNF–α are components that affect in inflammation. So, the effect of steeping green and black Robusta coffee beans to adhesion of <em>Streptococcus mutans</em> on this components. This study used monocytes isolated from healthy human peripheral blood using Ficoll-Hypaque centrifugation method. Monocytes were divided into eight groups, i. e. (i) Control group (untreated monocytes), (ii) <em>Streptococcus mutans</em> group (monocytes + <em>S. mutans</em>), (iii) Black Coffee 2.5 % group (monocytes + black coffee beans 2.5 % + <em>S. mutans</em>), (iv) Black Coffee 5 % group (monocytes + black coffee beans 5 % + <em>S. mutans</em>), (v) black Coffee 10 % group (monocytes + black coffee beans 10 % + <em>S. mutans</em>), (vi) Green Coffee 2.5 % group (monocytes + green coffee beans 2.5 % + <em>S. mutans</em>), (vii) Green Coffee 5 % group (monocytes + green coffee beans 5 % + <em>S. mutans</em>), (viii) Green coffee 10 % group (monocytes + green coffee beans 10 % + <em>S. mutans</em>). S. mutans adhesion on monocytes was analyzed using histochemistry method, while immunocytochemical staining was used for analyzing IL–1β and TNF–α. Cells counting was done per 100 monocytes under a light microscope with 400 × magnification. Data were analyzed using ANOVA followed by LSD test. Results showed that steeping green and black Robusta coffee beans increased the adhesion of S. mutans on monocytes, but it decreased of IL–1β, TNF–α expression (<em>P</em> < 0.05). In conclusion, steeping of green and black robusta coffee beans reduced inflammation against <em>S. mutans</em>.
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Kurniawati, Atik, Sulistiyani, and Arina Nur Rahmah. "PERAN EKSTRAK DAUN WUNGU (GRAPTOPHYLLUM PICTUM L. GRIFF) TERHADAP ADHESI STREPTOCOCCUS MUTANS PADA NEUTROFIL." Cakradonya Dental Journal 11, no. 2 (March 12, 2020): 128–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.24815/cdj.v11i2.16156.
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Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) merupakan bakteri utama penyebab karies gigi yang mampu mendemineralisasi email, menginvasi dentin yang dapat berlanjut menjadi inflamasi pulpa (pulpitis). Streptococcus mutans menginvasi inang diawali dengan melakukan adhesi (perlekatan). Proses ini merupakan langkah awal dalam proses inflamasi. Oleh karena itu, adhesi Streptococcus. mutans pada sel inang perlu dicegah agar tidak terjadi infeksi oleh bakteri. Neutrofil merupakan sel pertahanan pertama yang datang pada proses inflamasi. Salah satu upaya untuk mencegah terjadinya adhesi tersebut bisa menggunakan bahan alami yang bersifat anti-inflamasi, salah satunya yaitu daun wungu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian ekstrak daun wungu (EDW) terhadap adhesi bakteri Streptococcus. mutans pada neutrofil dan perbedaan indeks adhesi dalam berbagai konsentrasi dengan eksperimental laboratoris menggunakan the post test only control group design. Sampel terbagi menjadi 5 kelompok (klp): klp I/kontrol (tanpa inkubasi EDW), klp II (EDW 3,125%), klp III (EDW 6,25%), klp IV (EDW 12,5%), dan klp V (EDW 25%). Isolat neutrofil diinkubasi dengan EDW selama 3 jam, kemudian dipapar S. mutans selama 4 jam. Indeks adhesi dihitung berapa rata-rata jumlah S. mutans yang menempel pada 100 neutrofil. Simpulan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol daun wungu berpotensi menurunkan indeks adhesi Streptococcus mutans. Kata kunci: adhesi, S. mutans, neutrophil, daun wungu
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Schaeken, M. J. M., J. S. Van der Hoeven, and H. C. M. Franken. "Comparative Recovery of Streptococcus mutans on Five Isolation Media, Including a New Simple Selective Medium." Journal of Dental Research 65, no. 6 (June 1986): 906–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00220345860650060901.
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For the isolation of Streptococcus mutans, several selective media have been developed, of which Mitis-Salivarius Sucrose Bacitracin agar (MSB) is the most widely used (Gold et al., 1973). Recently, the Trypticase Yeast-Extract Cystine agar medium (TYC, de Stoppelaar et al., 1967) was modified into a selective medium for S. mutans , called Trypticase Yeast-Extract Cystine Sucrose Bacitracin (TYCSB, van Palenstein Helderman et al., 1983). The aim of this study was to compare the recovery of S. mutans from clinical samples on Mitis-Salivarius agar (MS), MSB, TYC, and TYCSB. Further, a new simple selective medium for S. mutans was introduced. This medium, called TSY20B, was supposed to have the same qualities as TYCSB, but its preparation is less laborious. One hundred eighty-five plaque and saliva samples from 37 subjects were plated on MS, MSB, TYC, and TYCSB, and 285 samples from 23 subjects were plated on TYCSB and TSY20B. All plates were incubated at 37°C in a 91% N2, 5% CO2, 4% H2 atmosphere for five days. The S. mutans counts on TYC and TYCSB were significantly higher than on MS or MSB by almost a factor of 10. Seventy-seven percent of the samples gave higher S. mutans counts on TYCSB than on MSB. Especially, samples with high S. mutans dlg numbers gave lower S. mutans counts on MSB. These data clearly indicate that MSB agar is inhibitory for S. mutans and should not be used. An additional advantage of TYCSB over MSB agar is the possibility of distinguishing S. mutans serotypes dlg from other serotypes. No significant difference was found between the recovery of S. mutans on TYCSB and its simplified version, TSY20B.
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Motta, Lara Jansiski, Carolina Cardoso Guedes, Sálua Haidar Reda, Sandra Kalil Bussadori, Kristianne Santos Porta Fernandes, and Manoela Domingues Martins. "Vacinas anticárie: uma revisão do estágio atual." ConScientiae Saúde 5, no. 1 (January 17, 2008): 97–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.5585/conssaude.v5i1.436.
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Atualmente é grande o interesse dispensado ao estudo das vacinas anticárie que imunizam os indivíduos contra o Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans). Este trabalho revisa a literatura em relação aos meios de imunização ativa e passiva contra a cárie dental e à busca de uma vacina efetiva na prevenção da doença, que atue seletivamente contra as cepas cariogênicas do Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans).
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Wang, Junxian, Yan Shi, Shisong Jing, Haisi Dong, Dacheng Wang, and Tiedong Wang. "Astilbin Inhibits the Activity of Sortase A from Streptococcus mutans." Molecules 24, no. 3 (January 28, 2019): 465. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24030465.
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Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) is the primary etiological agent of dental caries. The S. mutans enzyme sortase A (SrtA) is responsible for anchoring bacterial cell wall surface proteins involved in host cell attachment and biofilm formation. Thus, SrtA is an attractive target for inhibiting dental caries caused by S. mutans-associated acid fermentation. In this study, we observed that astilbin, a flavanone compound extracted from Rhizoma Smilacis Glabrae, has potent inhibitory activity against the S. mutans SrtA, with an IC50 of 7.5 μg/mL. In addition, astilbin was proven to reduce the formation of biofilm while without affecting the growth of S. mutans. The results of a molecular dynamics simulation and a mutation analysis revealed that the Arg213, Leu111, and Leu116 of SrtA are important for the interaction between SrtA and astilbin. The results of this study demonstrate the potential of using astilbin as a nonbactericidal agent to modulate pathogenicity of S. mutans by inhibiting the activity of SrtA.
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Subramaniam, Priya, and Revathy Suresh. "Streptococcus Mutans Strains in Mother-Child Pairs of Children with Early Childhood Caries." Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry 43, no. 4 (January 1, 2019): 252–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.17796/1053-4625-43.4.5.
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Objective: Dental caries is both an infectious and transmissible disease. Maternal transfer of Mutans Streptococci occurs at an early age and is important in the initiation of dental caries in children. The aim of this study was to identify certain strains of Streptococcus mutans in mother-child pairs, of children with early childhood caries. Study design: Sixty mother-child pairs of healthy children aged 18–36 months were selected. Mothers with high levels of Streptococcus mutans in their saliva and only children with ECC were included. Dental plaque samples were collected from mother-child pairs. The plaque samples were stored, transferred to the laboratory and analyzed for Streptococcus mutans strains c, f, e and k, present in mother-child pairs using Real time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technique. Data obtained was subjected to statistical analysis for level of similarity in Streptococcus mutans strains present in mother-child pairs. Results: A similar distribution of Streptococcus mutans strains c, f and k was identified in 28 mother-child pairs. Streptococcus mutans strain e was seen in 18 pairs. Conclusion: Less than 50% of mother-child pairs showed similarity in distribution of Streptococcus mutans strains.
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Kholisa, Kholisa, Purwanto Purwanto, and Sri Hernawati. "Potensi Ekstrak Buah Delima Merah (Punica granatum Linn) terhadap Penurunan Jumlah Koloni Streptococcus mutans." Pustaka Kesehatan 6, no. 2 (May 4, 2018): 351. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/pk.v6i2.8655.
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Streptococcus mutans is a bacteria that initiates the formation of plaque on the tooth surface. S. mutans works by fermenting carbohydrates to produce an acidic atmosphere, so the plaque pH becomes low, this condition can lead to demineralization of enamel and dentin commonly called caries. One of alternative treatment to reduce the population of S. mutans by using herbal plants, namely red pomegranate. Red pomegranate contains flavonoids, tannins, and alkaloids as antibacterial. This study aimed to determine the inhibition of red pomegranate extract on growth of S. mutans. The method used is by counting the number of S. mutans using a colony counter. This method with 4 samples in each study group. The study group consists of 4 treatment groups (25%, 50%, 75% and 100% red pomegranate extract), positive control group (chlorhexidine), and negative control group (sterile aquades). Data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis Test and Mann-Whitney test. Red pomegranate extract has the ability to inhibit the growth of S. mutans. The concentration of red pomegranate extract that has the greatest inhibitory effect on S. mutans growth is 100%.
Keyword: Antibacterial, Streptococcus mutans, caries, red pomegranate fruit extract
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Mitrakul, Kemthong, Kutkao Vongsawan, Assavinee Sriutai, and Wipaphan Thosathan. "Association between S. mutans and S. sanguinis in Severe Early childhood Caries and Caries-Free Children A Quantitative Real-Time PCR Analysis." Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry 40, no. 4 (October 1, 2016): 281–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.17796/1053-4628-40.4.281.
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Objectives: To identify S. mutans and S. sanguinis in initial and overnight plaque between 2 groups and to analyze the association between them and caries-related factors. Study design: Collected supra gingival plaque from 140 Thai children aged 2–6 years old (S-ECC = 68, caries-free=72). Recorded plaque and gingival indices, dmft score, salivary mutans streptococci level, pH and buffer capacity. Firstly, the overnight plaque was collected, then, 4 hrs. after a thorough prophylaxis, the initial plaque was collected. Accessed parent's attitude and behavior in children's oral hygiene care and diet practice using a questionnaire. A quantitative real-time PCR was performed. Results: For initial plaque, S. sanguinis was higher in caries-free. S. mutans (0.011) and S. mutans/S. sanguinis ratio (0.005) were higher in S-ECC. S. sanguinis amount was inverse correlated with dmft (0.00), gingival index (0.044), and plaque index (0.011). For overnight plaque, S. mutans (0.00) and S. mutans/S. sanguinis ratio (0.005) were also higher in S-ECC. S. mutans, S. mutans/S. sanguinis ratio were positive correlated to dmft (0.00). Parent education levels (0.004) and bottle feeding (0.011) between 2 groups were different. Conclusion: S. sanguinis, S. mutans and their ratio in initial and overnight plaque, low family income and bottle feeding are strongly associated with S-ECC.
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Smith, Daniel J., William F. King, and Ronald Godiska. "Passive Transfer of Immunoglobulin Y Antibody toStreptococcus mutans Glucan Binding Protein B Can Confer Protection against Experimental Dental Caries." Infection and Immunity 69, no. 5 (May 1, 2001): 3135–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.69.5.3135-3142.2001.
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ABSTRACT Active immunization with Streptococcus mutans glucan binding protein B (GBP-B) has been shown to induce protection against experimental dental caries. This protection presumably results from continuous secretion of salivary antibody to GBP-B, which inhibits accumulation of S. mutans within the oral biofilm. The purpose of this study was to explore the influence of short-term (9- or 24-day) passive oral administration of antibody to S. mutans GBP-B on the longer-term accumulation and cariogenicity ofS. mutans in a rat model of dental caries. Preimmune chicken egg yolk immunoglobulin Y (IgY) or IgY antibody to S. mutans GBP-B was supplied in lower (experiment 1) and higher (experiment 2) concentrations in the diet and drinking water of rats for 9 (experiment 1) or 24 (experiment 2) days. During the first 3 days of IgY feeding, all animals were challenged with 5 × 106 streptomycin-resistant S. mutans strain SJ-r organisms. Rats remained infected with S. mutans for 78 days, during which rat molars were sampled for the accumulation ofS. mutans SJ-r bacteria and total streptococci. Geometric mean levels of S. mutans SJ-r accumulation on molar surfaces were significantly lower in antibody-treated rats on days 16 and 78 of experiment 2 and were lower on all but the initial (day 5) swabbing occasions in both experiments. Relative to controls, the extent of molar dental caries measured on day 78 was also significantly decreased. The decrease in molar caries correlated with the amount and duration of antibody administration. This is the first demonstration that passive antibody to S. mutans GBP-B can have a protective effect against cariogenic S. mutans infection and disease. Furthermore, this decrease in infection and disease did not require continuous antibody administration for the duration of the infection period. This study also indicates that antibody to components putatively involved only in cellular aggregation can have a significant effect on the incorporation of mutans streptococci in dental biofilm.
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Sesso, Maria Lucia Talarico, Sanivia Aparecida de Lima Pereira, Vinicius Rangel Geraldo-Martins, Virginia Paes Leme Ferriani, and Ruchele Dias Nogueira. "Detection of Immunoglobulin G Against Oral Streptococci in Peripheral and Umbilical Cord Blood." Journal of Health Sciences 22, no. 4 (December 21, 2020): 270–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.17921/2447-8938.2020v22n4p270-275.
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AbstractThe maternal Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies transferred during the intrauterine life represents the main newborn immune protection against several intestinal and respiratory infection. However, there is little information about the reactivity and function of IgG from cord blood against newborn oral colonization. The aims this study was to evaluate the presence of IgG against Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus mutans and theirs mains virulence antigens (GbpB, Ag I/II and Gtf) in peripheral blood (PB) samples from mothers with S. mutans or not in the saliva (SA) and compare with umbilical cord blood (CB). PB and SA samples were obtained from healthy women in the Hospital admission and CB was collected after delivery. The specificity of IgG against the bacterial extracts was determined by Western blot. The genetic material detection of S. mutans in the salivas was realized by the quantitative polymerase chain reaction with specific primers. The results showed that the minority of blood samples showed IgG against S. mitis. On the other hand, the majority of samples exhibited IgG anti S. mutans. The number of reactive bands to S. mutans was significantly higher than against S. mitis in both blood samples (p<0.05). The IgG anti-GbpB detection was more frequent than IgG anti-Ag I/II or anti-Gtf (p<0.05). The IgG antibody response pattern to S. mutans was similar in PB and CB pairs. There was no difference in the IgG anti-S. mutans detection and its virulence Ags (p>0.05) in the PB from mothers colonized or not by S. mutans. In opposite, in CB sample, it was more frequent to find samples with IgG anti-S. mutans and GbpB in the salivas from mothers with detectable S. mutans (p<0.05). In conclusion, the blood samples possessed IgG-anti S. mutans and theirs virulence antigens; mainly IgG anti-GbpB. The lack of IgG against S. mitis transferred by CB can be related to the early S. mitis colonization in the first months of age. The similarity of bands recognized by IgG against S. mutans antigens detected in PB and CB is suggestive that maternal antibodies can be transferred to the fetus. Keywords: Streptococcus mutans. Saliva. Fetal Blood. Immunoglobulin G
Resumo Os anticorpos Imunoglobulina G (IgG) transferidos durante a vida intrauterina representam a principal proteção imunológica do recém-nascido contra diversas infecções intestinais e respiratórias. No entanto, poucas informações existem sobre a reatividade e função de IgG do sangue do cordão contra a colonização oral de recém-nascidos. Os objetivos deste estudo foram avaliar a presença de IgG contra Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus mutans e seus principais antígenos de virulência (GbpB, Ag I / II e Gtf) em amostras de sangue periférico (SP) de mães com S. mutans detectável ou não na saliva (SA) e comparar com sangue do cordão umbilical (SC). Amostras de SP e SA foram obtidas de mulheres saudáveis na admissão do hospital e CB foi coletado após o parto. A especificidade de IgG contra os extratos bacterianos foi determinada por Western blot. A detecção do material genético de S. mutans nas salivas foi realizada pela reação em cadeia da polimerase quantitativa com primers específicos. Os resultados mostraram que a minoria das amostras de sangue apresentou IgG contra S. mitis. Por outro lado, a maioria das amostras exibiu IgG anti S. mutans. O número de bandas reativas para S. mutans foi significativamente maior do que contra S. mitis em ambas as amostras de sangue (p <0,05). A detecção de IgG anti-GbpB foi mais frequente do que IgG anti-Ag I/II ou anti-Gtf (p<0,05). O padrão de resposta de anticorpos IgG contra S. mutans foi semelhante nos pares SP e SC. Não houve diferença na detecção de IgG anti-S. mutans e sua virulência Ags (p> 0,05) no SP de mães colonizadas ou não por S. mutans. Por outro lado, nas amostras SC, foi mais frequente encontrar amostras com IgG anti-S.mutans e GbpB em salivas de mães com S. mutans detectáveis (p <0,05). Em conclusão, as amostras de sangue possuíam IgG-anti S. mutans e seus antígenos de virulência; principalmente IgG anti-GbpB. A falta de IgG contra S. mitis transferida no SC pode estar relacionado a colonização precoce de S. mitis nos primeiros meses de idade. A semelhança de bandas reconhecidas por IgG contra antígenos de S. mutans detectados em SP e SC é sugestiva de que anticorpos maternos podem ser transferidos para o feto.
Palavras-chave: Streptococcus mutans. Saliva. Sangue Fetal. Imunoglobulina G
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Xiong, Kaixin, Xuan Chen, Hantao Hu, Huihui Hou, Peng Gao, and Ling Zou. "Antimicrobial Effect of a Peptide Containing Novel Oral Spray on Streptococcus mutans." BioMed Research International 2020 (March 11, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6853652.
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Objective. To investigate the antibacterial effect of a novel antimicrobial peptide containing oral spray GERM CLEAN on Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) in vitro and further explore the related mechanisms at phenotypic and transcriptional levels. Methods. The disk diffusion method was used to preliminarily appraise the antimicrobial effect of GERM CLEAN. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of GREM CLEAN towards S. mutans was determined by the broth dilution method. S. mutans virulence-related phenotypic assays including initial adhesive assay, pH drop, exopolysaccharides (EPS), and biofilm formation measurements and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) were further applied to detect the inhibitory mechanisms of GREM CLEAN at 1/2MIC. Results. The diameter (10.18 ± 1.744 mm) of inhibition zones formed by GERM CLEAN preliminarily indicated its inhibitory effect on the major cariogenic bacteria S. mutans. The minimal inhibitory concentration of GERM CLEAN on S. mutans was 100% mass fraction (the stock solution). The study of the antibacterial mechanism showed that GERM CLEAN had a certain inhibitory effect on the initial adhesion, acid production, extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) production, and biofilm formation of S. mutans. GERM CLEAN disturbed S. mutans biofilm physiology mainly through destruction of biofilm architecture and suppression of bacterial growth. The results of qRT-PCR further confirmed that the expression levels of EPS and lactic acid generation genes including gtfB, gtfC, gtfD, and ldh were significantly repressed by treating with GERM CLEAN, and this was consistent with our phenotypic results. Conclusion. The novel antimicrobial peptide containing oral spray GERM CLEAN has an anti-Streptococcus mutans effect and the inhibitory property may be due to suppression of the virulence factors of S. mutans including adhesive, acidogenicity, EPS, and biofilm formation.
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Mallaley, P. P., S. A. Halperin, A. Morris, A. MacMillan, and S. F. Lee. "Expression of a pertussis toxin S1 fragment by inducible promoters in oral Streptococcus and the induction of immune responses during oral colonization in mice." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 52, no. 5 (May 1, 2006): 436–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w05-151.
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Previous work aimed at developing a live oral vaccine expressing pertussis toxin S1 fragment on the surface of the bacterium Streptococcus gordonii elicited a lower than expected antibody response, perhaps because of low antigen expression. In this study, in-frame promoter fusions were constructed to investigate whether an increase in antigen production by the streptococcal vaccine strain results in a better antibody response. The promoters tested were (i) the Streptococcus mutans sucrose-inducible fructosyltransferase (ftf) promoter and (ii) the Bacillus subtilis/Escherichia coli chimeric tetracycline-inducible xyl/tetO promoter. Each of these two promoters was placed upstream of the spaP/s1 fusion gene to drive its expression. The constructs were introduced into S. gordonii DL1 and S. mutans 834. The inducibility of the promoters was confirmed through the determination of SpaP/S1 production via Western blottings. Induced production of SpaP/S1 was observed in S. gordonii and S. mutans with each of the promoters, but the level of expression was the highest in S. mutans, using the xyl/tetO promoter. Thus, S. mutans carrying the xyl/tetO/spaP/s1 construct (S. mutans PM14) was used in oral colonization studies in BALB/c mice. Streptococccus mutans PM14 was able to colonize the animals for the 14-week duration of experimentation. A mucosal IgA response was observed in all the treatment groups but was highest in mice receiving tetracycline induction. In the mouse model of Bordetella pertussis respiratory infection, animals colonized with S. mutans PM14 showed a decreased in B. pertussis lung colony count (P = 0.03) on day 3 compared with control mice colonized by the parent S. mutans 834.Key words: pertussis, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus gordonii, oral colonization.
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Liu, Jinman, Chenggang Wu, I.-Hsiu Huang, Justin Merritt, and Fengxia Qi. "Differential response of Streptococcus mutans towards friend and foe in mixed-species cultures." Microbiology 157, no. 9 (September 1, 2011): 2433–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.048314-0.
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In the oral biofilm, the ‘mitis’ streptococci are among the first group of organisms to colonize the tooth surface. Their proliferation is thought to be an important factor required for antagonizing the growth of cariogenic species such as Streptococcus mutans. In this study, we used a three-species mixed culture to demonstrate that another ubiquitous early colonizing species, Veillonella parvula, can greatly affect the outcome of the competition between a pair of antagonists such as S. mutans and Streptococcus gordonii. Transcriptome analysis further revealed that S. mutans responds differentially to its friend (V. parvula) and foe (S. gordonii). In the mixed culture with S. gordonii, all but one of the S. mutans sugar uptake and metabolic genes were downregulated, while genes for alternative energy source utilization and H2O2 tolerance were upregulated, resulting in a slower but persistent growth. In contrast, when cultured with V. parvula, S. mutans grew equally well or better than in monoculture and exhibited relatively few changes within its transcriptome. When V. parvula was introduced into the mixed culture of S. mutans and S. gordonii, it rescued the growth inhibition of S. mutans. In this three-species environment, S. mutans increased the expression of genes required for the uptake and metabolism of minor sugars, while genes required for oxidative stress tolerance were downregulated. We conclude that the major factors that affect the competition between S. mutans and S. gordonii are carbohydrate utilization and H2O2 resistance. The presence of V. parvula in the tri-species culture mitigates these two major factors and allows S. mutans to proliferate, despite the presence of S. gordonii.
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Jarosz, Lucja M., Dong Mei Deng, Henny C. van der Mei, Wim Crielaard, and Bastiaan P. Krom. "Streptococcus mutans Competence-Stimulating Peptide Inhibits Candida albicans Hypha Formation." Eukaryotic Cell 8, no. 11 (August 28, 2009): 1658–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/ec.00070-09.
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ABSTRACT The oral cavity is colonized by microorganisms growing in biofilms in which interspecies interactions take place. Streptococcus mutans grows in biofilms on enamel surfaces and is considered one of the main etiological agents of human dental caries. Candida albicans is also commonly found in the human oral cavity, where it interacts with S. mutans. C. albicans is a polymorphic fungus, and the yeast-to-hypha transition is involved in virulence and biofilm formation. The aim of this study was to investigate interkingdom communication between C. albicans and S. mutans based on the production of secreted molecules. S. mutans UA159 inhibited C. albicans germ tube (GT) formation in cocultures even when physically separated from C. albicans. Only S. mutans spent medium collected in the early exponential phase (4-h-old cultures) inhibited the GT formation of C. albicans. During this phase, S. mutans UA159 produces a quorum-sensing molecule, competence-stimulating peptide (CSP). The role of CSP in inhibiting GT formation was confirmed by using synthetic CSP and a comC deletion strain of S. mutans UA159, which lacks the ability to produce CSP. Other S. mutans strains and other Streptococcus spp. also inhibited GT formation but to different extents, possibly reflecting differences in CSP amino acid sequences among Streptococcus spp. or differences in CSP accumulation in the media. In conclusion, CSP, an S. mutans quorum-sensing molecule secreted during the early stages of growth, inhibits the C. albicans morphological switch.
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Biswas, Indranil, Laura Drake, Dasha Erkina, and Saswati Biswas. "Involvement of Sensor Kinases in the Stress Tolerance Response of Streptococcus mutans." Journal of Bacteriology 190, no. 1 (October 26, 2007): 68–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00990-07.
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ABSTRACT The gram-positive bacterium Streptococcus mutans is the primary causative agent in the formation of dental caries in humans. The ability of S. mutans to adapt and to thrive in the hostile environment of the oral cavity suggests that this cariogenic pathogen is capable of sensing and responding to different environmental stimuli. This prompted us to investigate the role of two-component signal transduction systems (TCS), particularly the sensor kinases, in response to environmental stresses. Analysis of the annotated genome sequence of S. mutans indicates the presence of 13 putative TCS. Further bioinformatics analysis in our laboratory has identified an additional TCS in the genome of S. mutans. We verified the presence of the 14 sensor kinases by using PCR and Southern hybridization in 13 different S. mutans strains and found that not all of the sensor kinases are encoded by each strain. To determine the potential role of each TCS in the stress tolerance of S. mutans UA159, insertion mutations were introduced into the genes encoding the individual sensor kinases. We were successful in inactivating all of the sensor kinases, indicating that none of the TCS are essential for the viability of S. mutans. The mutant S. mutans strains were assessed for their ability to withstand various stresses, including osmotic, thermal, oxidative, and antibiotic stress, as well as the capacity to produce mutacin. We identified three sensor kinases, Smu486, Smu1128, and Smu1516, which play significant roles in stress tolerance of S. mutans strain UA159.
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Chen, Hong, Yingming Yang, Michael D. Weir, Quan Dai, Lei Lei, Negar Homayounfar, Thomas W. Oates, et al. "Regulating Oral Biofilm from Cariogenic State to Non-Cariogenic State via Novel Combination of Bioactive Therapeutic Composite and Gene-Knockout." Microorganisms 8, no. 9 (September 13, 2020): 1410. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8091410.
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The objectives were to investigate a novel combination of gene-knockout with antimicrobial dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate (DMAHDM) composite in regulating oral biofilm from a cariogenic state toward a non-cariogenic state. A tri-species biofilm model included cariogenic Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans), and non-cariogenic Streptococcus sanguinis (S. sanguinis) and Streptococcus gordonii (S. gordonii). Biofilm colony-forming-units (CFUs), lactic acid and polysaccharide production were measured. TaqMan real-time-polymerase-chain reaction was used to determine the percentage of each species in biofilm. The rnc gene-knockout for S. mutans with DMAHDM composite reduced biofilm CFU by five logs, compared to control (p < 0.05). Using parent S. mutans, an overwhelming S. mutans percentage of 68.99% and 69.00% existed in biofilms on commercial composite and 0% DMAHDM composite, respectively. In sharp contrast, with a combination of S. mutans rnc knockout and DMAHDM composite, the cariogenic S. mutans percentage in biofilm was reduced to only 6.33%. Meanwhile, the non-cariogenic S. sanguinis + S. gordonii percentage was increased to 93.67%. Therefore, combining rnc-knockout with bioactive and therapeutic dental composite achieved the greatest reduction in S. mutans, and the greatest increase in non-cariogenic species, thereby yielding the least lactic acid-production. This novel method is promising to obtain wide applications to regulate biofilms and inhibit dental caries.
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Petersen, F. C., S. Assev, H. C. van der Mei, H. J. Busscher, and A. A. Scheie. "Functional Variation of the Antigen I/II Surface Protein in Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus intermedius." Infection and Immunity 70, no. 1 (January 2002): 249–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.70.1.249-256.2002.
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ABSTRACT Although Streptococcus intermedius and Streptococcus mutans are regarded as members of the commensal microflora of the body, S. intermedius is often associated with deep-seated purulent infections, whereas S. mutans is frequently associated with dental caries. In this study, we investigated the roles of the S. mutans and S. intermedius antigen I/II proteins in adhesion and modulation of cell surface characteristics. By using isogenic mutants, we show that the antigen I/II in S. mutans, but not in S. intermedius, was involved in adhesion to a salivary film under flowing conditions, as well as in binding to rat collagen type I. Binding to human fibronectin was a common function associated with the S. mutans and S. intermedius antigen I/II. Adhesion of S. mutans or S. intermedius to human collagen types I or IV was negligible. Hydrophobicity, as measured by water contact angles, and zeta potentials were unaltered in the S. intermedius mutant. The S. mutans isogenic mutants, on the other hand, exhibited more positive zeta potentials at physiological pH values than did the wild type. The results indicate common and species-specific roles for the antigen I/II in mediating the attachment of S. mutans and S. intermedius to host components and in determining cell surface properties.
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Emilson, C. G., B. Lindquist, and K. Wennerholm. "Recolonization of Human Tooth Surfaces by Streptococcus mutans after Suppression by Chlorhexidine Treatment." Journal of Dental Research 66, no. 9 (September 1987): 1503–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00220345870660091801.
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In eight subjects who were initially highly colonized with Streptococcus mutans and who used a 1% chlorhexidine gel, the numbers of this organism were suppressed in both plaque and saliva. Bacterial plaque samples were obtained from all tooth surfaces, and the recolonization pattern of S. mutans was studied over a 26-week period. At baseline, 83% of all surfaces harbored S. mutans with buccal surfaces colonized in higher frequency than the others. After chlorhexidine treatment, the proportion of tooth surfaces colonized by S. mutans was reduced to a low level. Re-appearance was slow. S. mutans was first recovered from the most posterior teeth in the mouth, the molar surfaces were recolonized earlier than were those of pre-molars and anterior teeth, and the buccal surfaces were recolonized more readily than were the other tooth surfaces. The data show that there is a specific recolonization pattern of S. mutans after chlorhexidine treatment, and that the re-emergence of S. mutans is most probably due to regrowth of bacteria which have not been eradicated.
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Lumaksita, Paulus Paksi Inggil, David Sugihartana, and Sri Larnani. "Efek Penghambatan Ekstrak Akuades Daun Ocimum basilicum terhadap Streptococcus mutans In Vitro." Jurnal Kedokteran Brawijaya 30, no. 2 (August 27, 2018): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.jkb.2018.030.02.2.
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<p>Daun kemangi (Ocimum basilicum) telah diteliti ekstraknya sebagai antibakteri patogen pangan. Penelitian eksperimental antibakteri dari ekstrak daun Ocimum basilicum terhadap patogen di rongga mulut, termasuk Streptococcus mutans, masih harus diperdalam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek ekstrak daun Ocimum basilicum terhadap penghambatan pertumbuhan Streptococcus mutans. Daun Ocimum basilicum diekstraksi dengan metode maserasi menggunakan akuades steril. Ekstrak diuji penghambatannya terhadap pertumbuhan Streptococcus mutans dalam larutan NaCl fisiologis dengan metode dilusi dan spektrofotometri 550nm. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan perlakuan ekstrak daun Ocimum basilicum terhadap penghambatan pertumbuhan Streptococcus mutans (p<0,05). Ekstrak daun kemangi (Ocimum basilicum L.) berpengaruh menghambat pertumbuhan Streptococcus mutans. </p>
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Endriani, Rita, Fajri Marindra Siregar, Elita Rafni, Rahmat Kemal Azhari, and Jefrizal Jefrizal. "Identifikasi gen kariogenik glukosiltransferase Streptococcus mutans pada pasien karies gigiIdentification of Streptococcus mutans cariogenic gene glucosyltransferase (gtf) in dental caries patients." Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Padjadjaran 33, no. 1 (April 30, 2021): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.24198/jkg.v33i1.30397.
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Pendahuluan: Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) merupakan bakteri yang mempunyai glukosiltransferase surface (GTFs) yang berperan pada proses perlekatan dan virulensi bakteri pada permukaan gigi. Enzim GTFs terdiri atas tiga jenis enzim GTFs yaitu GTFB, GTFC dan GTFD dan masing-masing enzim ini dikode oleh gen gtfB, gtfC dan gtfD yang juga berperan sebagai prekursor dalam adhesi seluler plak gigi yang dapat menyebabkan karies gigi. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengidentifikasi gen gtfC dan gtfD S. mutans pada pasien karies gigi. Metode: Penelitian dilakukan dengan consecutive sampling. Sampel penelitian diambil dari kerokan jaringan karies gigi, diisolasi, dikultur, dan diidentifikasi di laboratorium Mikrobiologi dan Sentral FK UNRI. Identifikasi S. mutans dan gen kariogenik gtfC dan gtfD menggunakan metode Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Data ditampilkan dalam bentuk tabel distribusi frekuensi dan dinyatakan dalam persentase Hasil: Dari 60 kerokan jaringan karies didapatkan S. mutans sebanyak 10 isolat, sedangkan gen gtfC dan gen gtfD didapatkan masing-masing 4 (40%) isolat. Simpulan: Gen kariogenik teridentifikasi gen gtfC dan gtfD pada isolat S. mutans dari pasien karies gigi sebanyak 40%.Kata kunci: gtfC, gtfD, kariogenik glukosiltransferase Streptococcus mutans. ABSTRACTIntroduction: Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) is a bacterium with a glucosyltransferase (Gtfs) surface, which plays a role in the attachment process and bacteria virulence on the tooth surface. The Gtfs enzyme consists of three types of Gtfs enzymes, namely GtfB, GtfC, and GtfD. These enzymes are encoded by the GtfB, GtfC, and GtfD genes, which also act as precursors in the cellular adhesion of dental plaque that can cause dental caries. This study was aimed to identify the GtfC and GtfD of S. mutans in dental caries patients. Methods: This study was conducted with consecutive sampling. Research samples were taken from dental caries tissue scrapings, isolated, cultured, and identified in the Microbiology and Central Laboratory of the Faculty of Medicine University of Riau. Identification of S. mutans and GtfC and GtfD cariogenic genes using the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method. The data was displayed in the form of a frequency distribution table and expressed as a percentage. Results: From 60 caries tissue scrapings, ten isolates were obtained, while the GtfC gene and GtfD gene were obtained 4 (40%) isolates each. Conclusion: Forty percents of S. mutans isolates from dental caries patients were identified as the GtfC and GtfD cariogenic genes.Keywords: GtfC, GtfD, cariogenic, Streptococcus mutans glucosyltransferase.
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Hosoki, Satoshi, Satoshi Saito, Shuichi Tonomura, Hiroyuki Ishiyama, Takeshi Yoshimoto, Shuhei Ikeda, Hajime Ikenouchi, et al. "Oral Carriage of Streptococcus mutans Harboring the cnm Gene Relates to an Increased Incidence of Cerebral Microbleeds." Stroke 51, no. 12 (December 2020): 3632–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/strokeaha.120.029607.
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Background and Purpose: Cerebral microbleeds (CMB) are associated with stroke and cognitive impairment. We previously reported a high prevalence of CMB in people with Streptococcus mutans expressing Cnm, a collagen-binding protein in the oral cavity. S. mutans is a major pathogen responsible for dental caries. Repeated challenge with S. mutans harboring the cnm gene encoding Cnm induced cerebral bleeding in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats. The purpose of this longitudinal study is to examine the relationship of cnm -positive S. mutans to the development of CMB. Methods: We retrospectively investigated patients with stroke receiving oral microbiological examination and head 3T magnetic resonance imaging evaluations twice in the period 2014 to 2019, allowing >180-day interval. Patients with cnm -positive S. mutans were compared with those without. Quasi-Poisson regression models were used to explore associations between cnm -positive S. mutans and the increase in number of CMB between the 2 magnetic resonance imaging scans. Results: A total of 111 patients were identified; 21 (19%) with cnm -positive S. mutans and 90 (81%) without. Clinical history, including blood pressure and the use of antithrombotic agents, were comparable between the 2 groups. New CMB were more commonly observed in patients with cnm -positive S. mutans (52% versus 23%; P =0.008). The incidence of CMB was significantly higher in the group with cnm -positive S. mutans , especially in deep areas, (incidence rate ratios [95% CI], 5.1 [1.9–13.6] for CMB in any brain region; 15.0 [5.4–42.0] for deep CMB), which persisted after adjusting for age, sex, hypertension, and renal impairment (4.7 [1.8–11.9] for CMB in any brain region; 13.9 [4.3–44.5] for deep CMB). Conclusions: This study demonstrates that cnm -positive S. mutans is associated with an increased incidence of CMB. Treatment for cnm -positive S. mutans infection may be a novel microbiota-based therapeutic approach for stroke and cognitive impairment.
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Doméjean, S., L. Zhan, P. K. DenBesten, J. Stamper, W. T. Boyce, and J. D. Featherstone. "Horizontal Transmission of Mutans Streptococci in Children." Journal of Dental Research 89, no. 1 (November 16, 2009): 51–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022034509353400.
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It has not been established whether transmission of mutans streptococci occurs between unrelated children older than 4 years of age. The aim of the study was to investigate the possible transmission of mutans streptococci genotypes from child to child in kindergarten. We studied 96 children (ages 5–6 yrs) in three San Francisco Bay Area public schools. Mutans streptococci colonies from each child were isolated from selective culture on Mitis Salivarius Sucrose Bacitracin agar. We used arbitrary primed polymerase chain reactions to determine the mutans streptococci genotypes. Two children (not siblings) in each of the three schools (6%) shared an identical amplitype of S. mutans, unique to each pair. The 19 S. sobrinus amplitypes were found in 12 children, and all were unique to each child. The presence of matching genotypes of S. mutans demonstrates horizontal transmission of this species between unrelated children aged 5–6 years.
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Wan, S. X., J. Tian, Y. Liu, A. Dhall, H. Koo, and G. Hwang. "Cross-Kingdom Cell-to-Cell Interactions in Cariogenic Biofilm Initiation." Journal of Dental Research 100, no. 1 (August 27, 2020): 74–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022034520950286.
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Candida albicans is known to form polymicrobial biofilms with various Streptococcus spp., including mitis and mutans group streptococci. Streptococcus gordonii (mitis group) has been shown to bind avidly to C. albicans hyphae via direct cell-to-cell interaction, while the cariogenic pathogen Streptococcus mutans (mutans group) interacts with the fungal cells via extracellular glucans. However, the biophysical properties of these cross-kingdom interactions at the single-cell level during the early stage of biofilm formation remain understudied. Here, we examined the binding forces between S. mutans (or S. gordonii) and C. albicans in the presence and absence of in situ glucans on the fungal surface using single-cell atomic force microscopy and their influence on biofilm initiation and subsequent development under cariogenic conditions. The data show that S. gordonii binding force to the C. albicans surface is significantly higher than that of S. mutans to the fungal surface (~2-fold). However, S. mutans binding forces are dramatically enhanced when the C. albicans cell surface is locally coated with extracellular glucans (~6-fold vs. uncoated C. albicans), which vastly exceeds the forces between S. gordonii and C. albicans. The enhanced binding affinity of S. mutans to glucan-coated C. albicans resulted in a larger structure during early biofilm initiation compared to S. gordonii–C. albicans biofilms. Ultimately, this resulted in S. mutans dominance composition in the 3-species biofilm model under cariogenic conditions. This study provides a novel biophysical aspect of Candida-streptococcal interaction whereby extracellular glucans may selectively favor S. mutans binding interactions with C. albicans during cariogenic biofilm development.
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Salli, K., E. Söderling, J. Hirvonen, U. K. Gürsoy, and A. C. Ouwehand. "Influence of 2′-fucosyllactose and galacto-oligosaccharides on the growth and adhesion of Streptococcus mutans." British Journal of Nutrition 124, no. 8 (June 5, 2020): 824–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114520001956.
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AbstractHuman milk oligosaccharides, such as 2′-fucosyllactose (2′-FL), and galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS), a prebiotic carbohydrate mixture, are being increasingly added to infant formulas, necessitating the understanding of their impact on the oral microbiota. Here, for the first time, the effects of 2′-FL and GOS on the planktonic growth and adhesion characteristics of the caries-associated oral pathogen Streptococcus mutans were assessed, and the results were compared against the effects of xylitol, lactose and glucose. There were differences in S. mutans growth between 2′-FL and GOS. None of the three S. mutans strains grew with 2′-FL, while they all grew with GOS as well as lactose and glucose. Xylitol inhibited S. mutans growth. The adhesion of S. mutans CI 2366 to saliva-coated hydroxyapatite was reduced by 2′-FL and GOS. Exopolysaccharide-mediated adhesion of S. mutans DSM 20523 to a glass surface was decreased with 2′-FL, GOS and lactose, and the adhesion of strain CI 2366 strain was reduced only by GOS. Unlike GOS, 2′-FL did not support the growth of any S. mutans strain. Neither 2′-FL nor GOS enhanced the adhesive properties of the S. mutans strains, but they inhibited some of the tested strains. Thus, the cariogenic tendency may vary between infant formulas containing different types of oligosaccharides.
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Indrawati, Retno. "Horizontal transmission of Streptococcus mutans in children attending kindergarten." Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) 51, no. 4 (December 31, 2018): 216. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/j.djmkg.v51.i4.p216-221.
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Background: Transmission of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans), the main pathogen found in dental caries, is particularly prevalent during the first two years of infancy. Numerous children are reportedly infected with S. mutans by their mothers with early initial acquisition of the condition considered to carry a higher risk of subsequent dental caries. Purpose: This research aimed to examine the possibility of horizontal transmission of S. mutans in children attending Surabaya-based kindergartens. Methods: The number of subjects who satisfied the inclusion criteria totaled 146. Dental plaque was collected for one minute with a sterile toothbrush. After completion of an isolation process, 25 S. mutans colonies were identified in Tripticase Cysteine Yeast (TYC) media by means of morphological, microscopic and biochemical tests using API 20 Strept (bioMerieux France). A polymerase chain reaction with OPA-2 and 13 was subsequently used to determine the genotype of S. mutans. Primary data collection was completed by the administering of a questionnaire intended to elicit information regarding the gender, age, diet and medical history of subjects. Results: An arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction (AP-PCR) fingerprint profile of the strains isolated from the subjects indicated similarities in five genotypes of S. mutans and differences in 18 genotypes. Conclusion: The study indicated that certain children are similarly infected by S mutans bacteria which might be due to horizontal transmission between classmates.
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Murniwati, Defriman Djafri, Berlian Kurniawati, Susi, and Minarni. "EFEKTIVITAS INFUSUM DAUN BELIMBING WULUH (Averrhoa bilimbi) TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN Streptococcus mutans." Cakradonya Dental Journal 11, no. 1 (May 9, 2019): 8–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.24815/cdj.v11i1.13622.
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Daun belimbing wuluh (Averrhoa bilimbi) bersifat antibakteri karena mengandung zat flavonoid, tanin,saponin dan alkaloid yang berpotensi digunakan sebagai biomaterial penghambat pertumbuhanStreptococcus mutans. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menetapkan efektifitas daun belimbing wuluhterhadap pertumbuhan Streptococcus mutans, dengan cara membandingkan berbagai konsentrasi infusumdaun ini (25%, 50%, 75% dan 100%). Penelitian eksperimental ini dilakukan secara in vitro meggunakan6 cakram mengandung infusum yang direndam dan ditanamkan pada media agar darah yang ditumbuhiS. mutans. S. mutans yang ditumbuhkan pada medium mengandung etanol 70% dan pada mediummengandung aquades, masing-masing digunakan sebagai kontrol (+) dan kontrol (-). Hasil penelitianmenunjukkan rata-rata zona hambat infusum daun belimbing wuluh pada konsentrasi 100% adalah 11,46mm dan pada konsentrasi 5% adalah 7,43 mm. Pada Kelompok perlakuan dengan konsentrasi infusum50% dan 25% tidak teramati adanya zona hambat. Uji Kruskal wallis menunjukkan terdapat perbedaanyang bermakna (p=0.001) antara kelompok perlakuan dan kelompok kontrol. Infusum daun belimbingwuluh efektif dalam menghambat pertumbuhan Streptococcus mutans, dan efektifitas ini tergatung padapeningkatan konsentrasi uji. Konsentrasi 100% adalah konsentrasi yang paling efektif dalam menghambatpertumbuhan bakteri Streptococcus mutans. Diperlukan penelitian lanjut khususnya eksperimen in vivomenggunakan hewan coba untuk mengkonfirmasi hasil penelitian ini.Kata kunci: Daun belimbing wuluh , Streptococcus mutans
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Pradiptama, Yura, Marijam Purwanta, and Harianto Notopuro. "Antibacterial Effects of Fluoride in Streptococcus mutans Growth in Vitro." Biomolecular and Health Science Journal 2, no. 1 (June 30, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/bhsj.v2i1.13232.
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Introduction: Streptococcus mutans is a gram-positive coccus commonly found in the human oral cavity and is a pathogen of dental caries. S. mutans known to form biofilm in infective endocarditis heart-valve. Fluoride usage known to reduce the risk of dental caries. This study aims to analyze how usage of fluoride in inhibiting S. mutans growth.Methods: This study was an experimental study. Antibacterial activity test was performed to evaluate the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) using dilution method of sodium fluoride. The minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was determined by culturing from the previous dilution test into Chocolate Agar Plate.Results: MIC for sodium fluoride is 4,8 mg/ml and the MBC for sodium fluoride to S. mutans is 4,8 mg/ml. We found S. mutans growth in higher concentration than 19,2 mg/ml. Conclusion: S. mutans was inhibited in dilution test. Growth of the bacteria in higher concentration of sodium fluoride is explained with quasi-irreversible inhibtior effects of fluorida.
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Sari, Emel, and Ilhan Birinci. "Microbiological Evaluation of 0.2% Chlorhexidine Gluconate Mouth Rinse in Orthodontic Patients." Angle Orthodontist 77, no. 5 (September 1, 2007): 881–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/080506-320.1.
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Abstract Objective: To assess the effectiveness of 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate mouth rinse on Streptococcus mutans and lactobacilli in orthodontic patients with fixed appliances. Materials and Methods: Twenty patients, aged 13–18, with fixed orthodontic appliances participated in the study. The levels of S mutans and lactobacilli in saliva samples were evaluated at four stages: at the beginning of the orthodontic treatment, at least 2 weeks after the bonding of brackets, 1 week after the introduction of 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate mouth rinse, and at the fourth week. The changes in S mutans and lactobacilli levels were analyzed via Wilcoxon test. Results: Increases in bacterial levels of S mutans and lactobacilli were detected after the orthodontic appliances were bonded. A significant decrease in S mutans levels was observed 1 week after the introduction of chlorhexidine mouth rinse. Conclusions: An 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate mouth rinse decreased S mutans levels, but had no effect on lactobacilli levels.
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Rupf, S., M. Hannig, K. Breitung, W. Schellenberger, K. Eschrich, T. Remmerbach, and S. Kneist. "Phenotypic Heterogeneity of Streptococcus mutans in Dentin." Journal of Dental Research 87, no. 12 (December 2008): 1172–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154405910808701203.
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Information concerning phenotypic heterogeneity of Streptococcus mutans in carious dentin is sparse. Matrix-assisted laser-desorption/ionization-time-of-flight mass-spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) facilitates the phenotypic differentiation of bacteria to the subspecies level. To verify a supposed influence of restorative treatment on the phenotypic heterogeneity of S. mutans, we isolated and compared a total of 222 S. mutans strains from dentin samples of 21 human deciduous molars during caries excavation (T1) and 8 wks (T2) after removal of the temporary restoration. Phenotypic heterogeneity was determined by MALDI-TOF-MS and hierarchical clustering. Thirty-six distinct S. mutans phenotypes could be identified. Although indistinguishable phenotypes were found in the same teeth at T1 and T2, as well as in different teeth of individual participants, the phenotypic heterogeneity increased significantly, from 1.4 phenotypes per S. mutans-positive dentin sample at T1 to 2.2 phenotypes at T2. We attribute this to an adaptation of S. mutans to the modified environment under the restoration following caries excavation.
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Fransiska, F., Archadian Nuryanti, and Rini Maya Puspita. "Pengaruh Lama Paparan Gelombang Ultrasonik Frekuensi Terapi terhadap Jumlah Koloni Bakteri Streptococcus mutans." Majalah Kedokteran Gigi Indonesia 19, no. 1 (October 27, 2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/majkedgiind.15590.
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Latar Belakang. Gelombang Untrasonik telah digunakan untuk terapi dan diagnosis, di klinik kedokteran gigi popular digunakan untuk ultrasonik skaler. Efek termal dan nontermal gelombang ultrasonik dapat mempengaruhi lingkungan tumbuh bakteri, merusak enzim bakteri, dan struktur bakteri. Streptococcus mutans merupakan bakteri penyebab karies gigi. Tujuan penelitian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh lama paparan gelombang ultrasonik frekuensi terapi 3,5 MHz terhadap jumlah koloni bakteri Streptococcus mutans. Cara penelitian. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada 20 buah cawan petri yang berisi koloni bakteri streptococcus mutans dengan media agar darah. Dua puluh buah petri dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok yaitu kelompok kontrol (A) dan kelompok perlakuan (B, C, D). kelompok perlakuan diaplikasi gelombang ultrasonik frekuensi 3,5MHz selama 5, 10, dan 15 menit, sedangkan kelompok kontrol tidak diberi perlakuan apapun. Perhitungan jumlah koloni bakteri dilakukan dengan pengamatan menggunakan colony counter dengan standart plate count (SPC) method. Hasil penelitian jumlah koloni bakteri Streptococcus mutans dianalisis menggunakan ANAVA satu jalur menunjukkan ada perbedaan yang signifikan (p<0,05) berarti terdapat pengaruh lama paparan gelombang ultrasonik frekuensi terapi 3,5 MHz terhadap jumlah koloni bakteri Streptococcus mutans. Hasil analisis post hoc (LSD) terhadap jumlah koloni bakteri Streptococcus mutans juga menunjukkan ada perbedaan rerata antar kelompok perlawanan yang signifikan (p<0,05). Kesimpulan. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah lama paparan gelombang ultrasonik frekuensi terapi 3,5 MHz berpengaruh terhadap jumlah koloni bakteri Streptococcus mutans. Introduction. Ultrasonic waves have been used for therapy and diagnosis, in dental clinic ultrasonic waves are used popular for ultrasonic scaler. Thermal and non thermal effects from ultrasonic wave influence the environment of bacteria disturb bacteria enzyme and the bacteria structure. Streptococcus mutans is a bacterium that cause caries in teeth. The aim of this study was to observe the effect of duration of ultrasound in therapy frequency 3,5 MHz exposure towards Streptococcus mutans cell colony. Methods. This study was 20 petri dish with blood agar media containing the Streptococcus mutans cell colony. Twenty plates blood agar, were divided into 4 groups. Control group A was unexposed and treated group received ultrasound exposure at frecuency 3,5 MHz which for 5 minutes exposure (B), 10 minutes exposure (C) and 15 minutes exposure (D). Streptococcus mutans cell colony was countusing colony counter with standard plate count methos. Results. The results of one way ANOVA at 95o/o significance showed that duration ultrasonic therapy frecuency 3,5 MHz exposure influenced the amount of Streptococcus mutans cells colony (p<0,0,5). The post hoc test (LSD) showed the significantly mean difference (p,0,05) between groups. Conclusions. The conclusions, of this study is duration exposure ultrasonic therapy frecuency at 3,5 MHz influences on the amount of Streptococcus mutans cells colony.
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Rahman, Friska Ani, Tetiana Haniastuti, and Trianna Wahyu Utami. "The effect of ethanol extract of soursop leaf (Annona muricata L.) on Adhesion of Streptococcus mutans ATCC 35668 to hydroxyapatite discs." Majalah Kedokteran Gigi Indonesia 4, no. 1 (December 19, 2018): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/majkedgiind.24852.
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The demineralization of dental hard tissues can be caused by dental plaque. Dental plaque contains various components, especially bacteria attached to the extracellular matrix. Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) has extracellular glucan as adhesin that is important in the attachment mechanism of tooth surface. The natural substance can be used for preventing plaque formation by inhibiting the attachment of S. mutans. Soursop plant has been used in treating various diseases. The leaves of the soursop (Annona muricata L.) are used as a material to inhibit potential attachment of bacteria S. mutans. Common surfaces that is used in adhesion testing is hydroxyapatite (HA). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of ethanol extract of soursop leaf (EESL) on the adhesion of S. mutans ATCC 35668 to HA discs. Soursop leaves were extracted by the maceration method using 70% ethanol. The experiment was carried out by analyzing the inhibition adhesion of S. mutans ATCC 35668 on HA discs after incubation with different concentrations of soursop leaf extract. The concentrations of extract tested were: 150; 125; 100; 75; and 50 mg/ml. Chlorhexidine 0.2% was used as a positive control while DMSO 5% was used a negative one. Data were evaluated by One Way Anova. This study statistically showed significant differences of S. mutans colony count between groups (p<0.05).The results of a post hoc Dunnett T3 test showed that the 2 highest concentrations of extract (125 and 150 mg/ml) reduced S. mutans adhesion on HA discs.The obtained results showed that ethanol extract of soursop leave inhibits the adherence of S. mutans to the HA disc.
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Nogueira, Ruchele D., Alessandra C. Alves, Marcelo H. Napimoga, Daniel J. Smith, and Renata O. Mattos-Graner. "Characterization of Salivary Immunoglobulin A Responses in Children Heavily Exposed to the Oral Bacterium Streptococcus mutans: Influence of Specific Antigen Recognition in Infection." Infection and Immunity 73, no. 9 (September 2005): 5675–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.73.9.5675-5684.2005.
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ABSTRACT The initial infection of children by Streptococcus mutans, the main pathogen of dental caries, depends on the ability of S. mutans to adhere and accumulate on tooth surfaces. These processes involve the adhesin antigen I/II (AgI/II), glucosyltransferases (GTF) and glucan-binding protein B (GbpB), each a target for anticaries vaccines. The salivary immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibody responses to S. mutans antigens (Ags) were characterized in 21 pairs of 5- to 13-month-old children. Pairs were constructed with one early S. mutans-infected and one noninfected child matched by age, racial background, number of teeth, and salivary levels of IgA. Specific salivary IgA antibody response and S. mutans infection levels were then measured during a 1-year follow-up. Robust responses to S. mutans were detected from 6 months of age. Salivary IgA antibody to AgI/II and GTF was commonly detected in salivas of all 42 children. However, GbpB-specific IgA antibody was seldom detected in the subset of infected children (38.1% at baseline). In contrast, most of the subset of noninfected children (76.2%) showed GbpB-reactive IgA antibody during the same period. Frequencies of GbpB responses increased with age, but differences in intensities of GbpB-IgA antibody reactions were sustained between the subsets. At baseline, GbpB-reactive IgA antibody accounted for at least half of the total salivary IgA S. mutans-reactive antibody in 33.3 and 9.5% of noninfected and infected children, respectively. This study provides evidence that a robust natural response to S. mutans Ags can be achieved by 1 year of age and that IgA antibody specificities may be critical in modulating initial S. mutans infection.
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Nomura, Ryota, Kazuhiko Nakano, Naho Taniguchi, Jinthana Lapirattanakul, Hirotoshi Nemoto, Lisa Grönroos, Satu Alaluusua, and Takashi Ooshima. "Molecular and clinical analyses of the gene encoding the collagen-binding adhesin of Streptococcus mutans." Journal of Medical Microbiology 58, no. 4 (April 1, 2009): 469–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.007559-0.
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Streptococcus mutans is a known pathogen of dental caries and its major cell surface antigens have been widely investigated. Recently, an approximately 120 kDa Cnm protein with binding properties to type I collagen was identified, and its encoding gene (cnm) cloned and sequenced. In the present study, we sequenced cnm from 47 different clinical S. mutans strains and found that the nucleotide alignment of the collagen-binding domain was well conserved. We devised a PCR method for identifying the cnm gene, examined the prevalence of cnm-positive S. mutans strains in various mother–child groups, and assessed the significance of such strains for transmission and dental caries. The detection rate of cnm-positive strains was significantly lower in strains isolated from Japanese children in the 2000s (8.0 %) as compared to those isolated in the 1980s (15.8 %) (P<0.05). Furthermore, the presence of S. mutans possessing cnm in salivary specimens collected from 55 S. mutans-positive mother–child pairs was 40 and 32.7 % in the mothers and children, respectively. The frequency of cnm-positive children whose mothers were also positive was 72 %, which was significantly higher than that of cnm-positive children with negative mothers (P<0.0001, odds ratio 17.5). In addition, clinical parameters indicating dental caries were significantly increased in children with cnm-positive S. mutans in saliva (n=13), as compared to those with cnm-negative S. mutans (n=15) and S. mutans-negative children (n=20) (P<0.01). These results indicate that cnm-positive S. mutans strains are closely correlated with dental caries, while vertical transmission in cnm-positive mother–child pairs was also demonstrated.
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Alves, Mariana de Sá, Luciana Ruano de Oliveira Fugisaki, Jéssica Diane dos Santos, Liliana Scorzoni, Rebeca Previate Medina, Dulce Helena Siqueira Silva, and Juliana Campos Junqueira. "Antifungal effects of Streptococcus mutans extract on Candida strains susceptible and resistant to fluconazole: An in vivo study." Medical Mycology 59, no. 7 (February 16, 2021): 744–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mmy/myab008.
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Abstract Previous studies showed that the crude extract obtained from Streptococcus mutans inhibited the growth of Candida albicans reference strains. In this study, we evaluated whether the antifungal effects of S. mutans extract can be extended to clinical Candida isolates, including C. albicans and non-abicans strains with different susceptibilities to fluconazole. We verified that S. mutans extract increased the survival of Galleria mellonella larvae infected with C. albicans and C. glabrata and inhibited the fungal cells in hemolymph. These antifungal effects occurred for both fluconazole-susceptible and fluconazole-resistant strains. However, larvae infected by C. krusei were not affected by S. mutans extract. Lay Summary Streptococcus mutans crude extract shows antifungal effects on clinical Candida strains susceptible and resistant to fluconazole in Galleria mellonella model.
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Saha, S., C. Tomaro-Duchesneau, L. Rodes, M. Malhotra, M. Tabrizian, and S. Prakash. "Investigation of probiotic bacteria as dental caries and periodontal disease biotherapeutics." Beneficial Microbes 5, no. 4 (December 1, 2014): 447–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/bm2014.0011.
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Oral diseases, specifically dental caries and periodontal disease, are characterised by increases in pathogenic microorganisms, increased demineralisation and increased inflammation and levels of inflammatory markers. Despite the therapeutic strategies, oral diseases have elevated prevalence rates. Recent work has demonstrated that probiotic bio-therapeutics can decrease oral pathogen counts, including caries-causing Streptococcus mutans and oral inflammation. The aim of this work was to investigate putative probiotic bacteria, selected for S. mutans inhibition and for their oral health-promoting characteristics. The probiotic bacteria were screened for S. mutans inhibition, probiotic bacteriocin activity, salivary pH modulation, probiotic nutrient (sucrose) competition, probiotic co-aggregation with S. mutans, bacterial attachment to oral epithelial keratinocytes, bacterial nitric oxide production and bacterial antioxidant activity. The results indicate that Lactobacillus reuteri strains NCIMB 701359, NCIMB 701089, NCIMB 702655 and NCIMB 702656 inhibited S. mutans to non-detectable levels (<10 cfu/ml). L. reuteri strains also demonstrated the highest antioxidant capacity of the tested strains (7.73-13.99 µM Trolox equivalents), suggesting their use as both caries and periodontal disease therapeutics. Although Lactobacillus fermentum NCIMB 5221 inhibited S. mutans at lower levels, it significantly buffered the pH (4.18) of saliva containing S. mutans, co-aggregated with S. mutans (10.09%), demonstrated high levels of sucrose consumption (138.11 mM) and successfully attached to gingival epithelial cells (11%). This study identified four L. reuteri strains and one L. fermentum strain to be further investigated as oral disease biotherapeutics.
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Kunarti, Sri, S. Sukaton, and Ajeng Hayyuning Citrasari. "Effect of Different Radiation Times on the Antibacterial Ability of Laser Diodes (650 nm) on Streptococcus mutans." Conservative Dentistry Journal 9, no. 1 (December 5, 2019): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/cdj.v9i1.2019.22-27.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Streptococccus mutans is an acid-producing gram-positive bacterium that colonizes the tooth surface and causes damage to the hard tissue of the tooth. S. mutans is known as the main agent that causes caries. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) consisting of photosensitizers and a light source, such as a laser beam, is considered to have an antibacterial effect on S. mutans. However, the factors that influence the antibacterial effects of the lasers, such as the amount of energy, wavelength, use of photosensitizer, and the duration of radiation still need to be studied. Aim: To determine the effective time(duration) of 650 nm laser diode radiation as an antibacterial agent against S. mutans after 30, 45, 60, and 75 seconds of radiation. Method: 30 samples were divided into 6 groups; (1) S. mutans without methylene blue (MB) and laser, (2) S. mutans with MB, but without a laser, (3) S. mutans with MB and laser for 30 seconds, (4) 45 seconds, (5) 60 seconds, and (6) 75 seconds. After treatment, all samples were cultured and incubated for 48 hours then colony counts were carried out in each group. The results were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey HSD Test with a p value of <0.05. Results: The ANOVA and Tukey HSD test showed a significant difference in each group. Conclusion: 650 nm laser diode radiation with a duration of 75 seconds is an effective time as an antibacterial against S. mutans compared to 30, 45 and 60 seconds.
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Choi, Jung-Yoon, Chooryung Judi Chung, Keun-Taek Oh, Yoon-Jeong Choi, and Kyung-Ho Kim. "Photocatalytic Antibacterial Effect of TiO2 Film of TiAg on Streptococcus mutans." Angle Orthodontist 79, no. 3 (May 1, 2009): 528–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/012108-169.1.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Objective: To test through various oxidation procedures the differences in antibacterial activities against Streptococcus mutans (S mutans) of Titanium (Ti) and Titanium silver (TiAg) metals coated with TiO2. Materials and Methods: This study examined the photocatalytic antibacterial effects on S mutans of Ti and TiAg ubstrates coated with two crystalline forms of TiO2 by thermal and anodic oxidation. A bacterial suspension of S mutans was pipetted onto TiO2-coated metal specimens and uncoated specimens with ultraviolet A (UVA) illumination for 20 to 100 minutes. The same specimen without UVA was used as the control. The level of colony-forming units of S mutans after UVA illumination was compared with that of the control. Results: The level of colony-forming units of S mutans was significantly lower on TiO2-coated Ti and TiAg metal specimens after UVA illumination than on uncoated Ti and TiAg specimens. The level of colony-forming units of S mutans was significantly lower on the metals coated by anodic oxidation than on those coated by thermal oxidation. The TiO2 coating on TiAg had a significantly higher and more rapid antibacterial effect than did the TiO2 coating on Ti. Conclusions: The antibacterial effect of a TiO2 film formed by anodic oxidation was superior to that formed by thermal oxidation. The addition of Ag to the Ti specimen indicated a synergistic effect on the photocatalytic antibacterial property against S mutans.
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Scoffield, J., S. Michalek, G. Harber, P. Eipers, C. Morrow, and H. Wu. "Dietary Nitrite Drives Disease Outcomes in Oral Polymicrobial Infections." Journal of Dental Research 98, no. 9 (June 20, 2019): 1020–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022034519855348.
Full textAbstract:
Streptococcus mutans resides in the oral polymicrobial biofilm and is a major contributor to the development of dental caries. Interestingly, high salivary nitrite concentrations have been associated with a decreased prevalence of dental caries. Moreover, the combination of hydrogen peroxide–producing oral commensal streptococci and nitrite has been shown to mediate the generation of reactive nitrogen species, which have antimicrobial activity. The goal of this study was to examine whether nitrite affects S. mutans virulence during polymicrobial infections with the commensal Streptococcus parasanguinis. Here, we report that the combination of S. parasanguinis and nitrite inhibited S. mutans growth and biofilm formation in vitro. Glucan production, which is critical for S. mutans biofilm formation, was also inhibited in 2-species biofilms with S. parasanguinis containing nitrite as compared with biofilms that contained no nitrite. In the in vivo caries model, enamel and dentin carious lesions were significantly reduced in rats that were colonized with S. parasanguinis prior to infection with S. mutans and received nitrite in the drinking water, as compared with animals that had a single S. mutans infection or were co-colonized with both bacteria and received no nitrite. Last, we report that S. mutans LiaS, a sensor kinase of the LiaFSR 3-component system, mediates resistance to nitrosative stress. In summary, our data demonstrate that commensal streptococci and nitrite provide protection against S. mutans pathogenesis. Modulating nitrite concentrations in the oral cavity could be a useful strategy to combat the prevalence of dental caries.