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Journal articles on the topic 'MW irradiation'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 2 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Popelářová, Eva, Eva Vlková, Roman Švejstil, and Lenka Kouřimská. "The Effect of Microwave Irradiation on the Representation and Growth of Moulds in Nuts and Almonds." Foods 11, no. 2 (2022): 221. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11020221.

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Microwave (MW) irradiation is a non-destructive method that can be applied as an alternative method to inhibit the growth of microorganisms. The present study evaluated the effect of MW irradiation on the occurrence of moulds in nuts and almonds. Samples of unshelled natural almonds, pistachios, and in-shell peanuts were treated with different doses of MW irradiation (2400–4000 W). The effect of MW irradiation on mould counts was evaluated by cultivating immediately after irradiation and after 3 and 6 months of storage. The most represented genera in all analysed samples were Aspergillus (68%)

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Yarita, Masafumi, Kayoko Kitajima, Takao Morita, and Koichi Shinkai. "Effects of Semiconductor Laser Irradiation on Differentiation of Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells in Co-Culture with Dentin." Dentistry Journal 12, no. 3 (2024): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/dj12030067.

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This study aimed to determine the effect of photobiomodulation therapy induced by semiconductor laser irradiation on human dental pulp stem cell (hDPSC) proliferation and their differentiation into odontoblast-like cells (OLCs). The effects of various semiconductor laser irradiation conditions on hDPSCs were examined. Three groups were evaluated: a single laser irradiation at 6 h post-seeding, multiple laser irradiations up to four times every 4 days after the first dose, and a control with no laser irradiation. The cells were irradiated at 10, 30, and 150 mW using a semiconductor laser. The e

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3

Almeida, Leopoldina de Fátima Dantas de, Ana Paula Silveira Turrioni, Fernanda Gonçalves Basso, Liege Aldrovandi Montoro, Carlos Alberto de Souza-Costa, and Josimeri Hebling. "Red LED Photobiomodulates the Metabolic Activity of Odontoblast-Like Cells." Brazilian Dental Journal 27, no. 4 (2016): 375–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-6440201600152.

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Abstract Phototherapy has been indicated as an adjunctive treatment for tissue repair, including the pulp tissue. However, there are no defined irradiation parameters, which is a great challenge to the clinical use of phototherapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of phototherapy with red LED on odontoblast-like MDPC-23 cells, using different parameter settings. Cells were seeded (104 cells/cm²), incubated for 12 h in complete DMEM and then the culture medium was replaced by DMEM supplemented with 0.5% FBS. After 12 h incubation, irradiations were performed (630±10 nm) using a

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4

Liu, Fu-Ken. "Using Size-Exclusion Chromatography to Monitor Variations in the Sizes of Microwave-Irradiated Gold Nanoparticles." ISRN Chromatography 2012 (December 13, 2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/970685.

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Size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) was used to evaluate gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) for variations in their sizes after microwave (MW) irradiation, with the eluted NPs monitored through diode array detection to reveal their surface plasmon absorptions. The sizes of citrate-capped Au NPs decreased upon increasing the MW irradiation temperature, consistent with digestive ripening of these NPs under the operating conditions. In contrast, Au NPs capped with sodium dodecyl sulfate increased in size upon increasing the MW irradiation temperature, consistent with Ostwald ripening. When the Au NPs we

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5

Choi, Ju-Young, Seung-Won Jin, Dong-Min Kim, et al. "Enhancement of the Mechanical Properties of Polyimide Film by Microwave Irradiation." Polymers 11, no. 3 (2019): 477. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11030477.

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Polyimide films have conventionally been prepared by thermal imidization of poly(amic acid)s (PAAs). Here we report that the improvement of tensile strength while increasing (or maintaining) film flexibility of polyimide films was accomplished by simple microwave (MW) irradiation of the PAAs. This improvement in mechanical properties can be attributed to the increase in molecular weight of the polyimides by MW irradiation. Our results show that the mechanical properties of polyimide films can be improved by MW irradiation, which is a green approach that requires relatively low MW power, very s

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Zhang, Xiaoming, Haiying Wang, Mengying Si, et al. "Rapid Microwave Irradiation-Enhanced Detoxification and Mineralization of Cr(VI) by FeS2/ZVI Composites." Metals 15, no. 4 (2025): 395. https://doi.org/10.3390/met15040395.

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The rapid detoxification and mineralization of Cr(VI) in aqueous environments hold critical importance for emergency response and resource recovery yet remain technically challenging. Herein, we report the synthesis of FeS2/ZVI composites through ethanol-assisted wet ball-milling and their application in Cr(VI) removal under microwave (MW) irradiation. This study systematically investigates the effects of MW irradiation on the removal efficiency of Cr(VI) using FeS2/ZVI composites, with particular focus on key parameters including composite dosage, initial pH, MW temperature, and Cr(VI) concen

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7

Zhang, Z., D. Xu, M. Shen, et al. "Degradation of surfactant wastewater under microwave irradiation in the presence of activated carbon assisted with nano-sized TiO2 or nano-sized ZnO." Water Science and Technology 63, no. 3 (2011): 424–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2011.238.

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An improved method treating surfactant wastewater by the addition of semiconductor material such as nano-sized TiO2 or ZnO to activated carbon (AC) with microwave (MW) irradiation was proposed so as to assist efficient degradation of organic pollutants. A series of degradation experiments of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) were carried out under MW irradiation in the presence of AC/TiO2 or AC/ZnO. The influences of catalyst dose, irradiation time, initial SDBS concentration and solution acidity on the degradation were assessed in detail. The results showed that the addition of TiO2 or

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8

Özkan, Uğur, and Halil Turgut Şahin. "Effects of Microwave Irradiation on the Color and Turbidity of Wastewater from Paper Recycling." Düzce Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Ormancılık Dergisi 21, no. 1 (2025): 376–93. https://doi.org/10.58816/duzceod.1643105.

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This study aims to determine the general optical properties of wastewater generated during the paper recycling process and to investigate the effects of microwave (MW) irradiation on color properties and turbidity removal. The lowest turbidity values were achieved at the highest MW power (360 W) and the longest irradiation time (60 seconds), that more effective results observed when combined with high-speed centrifugation (4000 rpm). The highest turbidity removal efficiency was achieved in sample YD6, with a reduction of 20.3 NTU, confirming that MW irradiation enhanced the separation of suspe

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9

Akinwekomi, Akeem Damilola. "Microwave-Mediated Electroless Coating of Copper on Hollow Fly Ash Microspheres." International Journal of Engineering Research in Africa 44 (August 2019): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jera.44.1.

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Hollow fly ash microspheres (FAMs) were successfully coated with copper (Cu) deposits via microwave (MW) irradiation. Ascorbic acid was used to reduce Cu2+ ions from copper sulphate pentahydrate solution. Subsequently, metallic Cu wasdeposited on FAMs within 2 to 6 min of MW irradiation. Microstructural examinations revealed that the sizes of the Cu coating on FAMs increased as MW time increased. The average approximate sizes increased from 1.56 μm to 4.04 μm as the MW processing time increased from 2 min to 6 min. Therefore, coating size could be controlled by adjusting MW irradiation time. F

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10

Miura, Yoko, Keiji Inagaki, Alessa Hutfilz, et al. "Temperature Increase and Damage Extent at Retinal Pigment Epithelium Compared between Continuous Wave and Micropulse Laser Application." Life 12, no. 9 (2022): 1313. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life12091313.

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Continuous wave (CW) and microsecond pulse (MP) laser irradiations were compared regarding cell damage and laser-induced temperature rise at retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). The RPE of porcine RPE-choroid-sclera explants was irradiated with a 577 nm laser in CW or MP mode (5% or 15% duty cycle (DC)) for 20 ms or 200 ms at an average laser power of 20–90 mW. Cell viability was investigated with calcein-AM staining. Optoacoustic (OA) technique was employed for temperature measurement during irradiation. For 200 ms irradiation, the dead cell area (DCA) increased linearly (≈1600 µm2/mW) up to the

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11

Torices-Hernández, Álvaro, Marta Gallego, Leticia Mora, and Fidel Toldrá. "Microwave Irradiation Pre-Treatment as a Sustainable Method to Obtain Bioactive Hydrolysates from Chicken Feathers." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 26, no. 13 (2025): 6344. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26136344.

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Chicken feathers constitute a major by-product from the poultry industry, with a potential environmental impact and significant difficulties in their management. This study aimed to develop a sustainable method to hydrolyse chicken feathers and evaluate the effects of microwave (MW) irradiation pre-treatment in the generation of bioactive hydrolysates by simple or sequential hydrolysis with Alcalase. The hydrolysate with MW irradiation pre-treatment and Alcalase (2%, 2 h) (MWA) showed the highest overall antioxidant activity and neprilysin-inhibitory activity (55%), whereas samples without MW

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12

Keglevich, György, Nóra Zsuzsa Kiss, Réka Henyecz, and Zoltán Mucsi. "Microwave irradiation and catalysis in organophosphorus reactions." Pure and Applied Chemistry 91, no. 1 (2019): 145–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0501.

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AbstractThe usual advantage of microwave (MW) assistance is making organic reactions faster and more efficient. In this article we present reaction types from organophosphorus chemistry, when MW-assisted transformations (e.g. the direct esterification and alkylating esterification of phosphinic acids) may be promoted by suitable catalysts, or vice versa, when a catalytic reaction is enhanced by MW irradiation (e.g. the Arbuzov reaction of aryl halides), and when catalysts may be omitted or simplified under MW irradiation as shown by the alkylation of active methylene containing P=O substrates/

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13

ASHKINADZE, B. M., E. LINDER, E. COHEN, and L. N. PFEIFFER. "MICROWAVE-MODULATED PHOTOLUMINESCENCE OF A TWO-DIMENSIONAL ELECTRON GAS." International Journal of Modern Physics B 21, no. 08n09 (2007): 1541–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979207043166.

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The primary effect of microwave (mw) irradiation on a two dimensional electron gas (2DEG) is heating due to mw absorption by the electrons. At low lattice temperatures, pronounced secondary effects are observed: mw-induced modification of the photoluminescence (PL) spectrum and mw-induced resistance oscillations (MIRO). We present an experimental study of mw-modulated PL (MPL) spectroscopy in modulation-doped GaAs/AlGaAs QW's At low magnetic field strengths (B < 0.5 T ), the analysis of the MPL spectra indicates that they arise of a redistribution of the photoexcited holes within the energy

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14

Younis, Sherif A., Waleed I. El-Azab, Nour Sh El-Gendy, et al. "Application of Response Surface Methodology to Enhance Phenol Removal from Refinery Wastewater by Microwave Process." International Journal of Microwave Science and Technology 2014 (April 28, 2014): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/639457.

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Phenol contaminated petroleum refinery wastewater presents a great threat on water resources safety. This study investigates the effect of microwave irradiation on removal of different concentrations of phenol in an attempt for petroleum refinery wastewater treatment. The obtained results show that the MW output power and irradiation time have a significant positive effect on the removal efficiency of phenol. The kinetic reaction is significantly affected by initial MW output power and initial phenol concentrations. Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to optimize and study the inte

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15

Маляр (Malyar), Юрий (Yurij) Николаевич (Nikolaevich), Михаил (Mihail) Александрович (Aleksandrovich) Михайленко (Mikhailenko), Наталья (Natal'ja) Алексеевна (Alekseevna) Панкрушина (Pankrushina), Александр (Aleksandr) Николаевич (Nikolaevich) Михеев (Mikheev), Светлана (Svetlana) Алексеевна (Alekseevna) Кузнецова (Kuznetsova), and Татьяна (Tat'jana) Петровна (Petrovna) Шахтшнейдер (Shakhtshneider). "EFFECT OF MICROWAVE IRRADIATION ON ARABINOGALACTAN AND ITS INTERACTION WITH BETULIN DIACETATE." chemistry of plant raw material, no. 4 (May 31, 2017): 73–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/jcprm.2017041854.

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Betulin diacetate (BDA) has a variety of biological activities, but poor solubility in water limits its application. The use of arabinogalactan (AG) as a complexing agent is a promising method for solving the problem of solubilization of drugs. In this work, influence of microwave (MW) irradiation on the properties of AG and BDA and their interaction in the aqueous suspension with formation of a water-soluble supramolecular complex was studied. It is shown that the MW heating of AG under hard conditions can lead to degradation of the biopolymer. The use of MW heating allowed significantly redu

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16

Lim, Ho-Kyung, Subramanian Keerthana, So-Yeon Song, Chongyang Li, Ji Suk Shim, and Jae Jun Ryu. "Effect of Light Irradiance and Curing Duration on Degree of Conversion of Dual-Cure Resin Core in Various Cavities with Different Depths and Diameters." Materials 17, no. 17 (2024): 4342. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma17174342.

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(1) Background: To compare the degree of conversion of resin cores in various types of cavities and determine an effective irradiation method for achieving a higher degree of conversion. (2) Methods: Four different-sized cavities (narrow–shallow, narrow–deep, wide–shallow, and wide–deep) were simulated using a Teflon mold. The light irradiance reaching the bottom of each mold was measured by positioning a radiometer. The degree of conversion of the dual-cure resin core after irradiation (400 mW/cm2 for 20 s, 400 mW/cm2 for 40 s, and 800 mW/cm2 for 20 s) was measured using Fourier-transform nea

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17

Li, Mengmeng, Shuang Huang, Hang Zhang, Lei Wang, and Shengliang Zhong. "DyPO4·1.5H2O Microcrystals: Microwave/Ultrasound/ Ultraviolet Light- Assisted Synthesis, Characterization and Formation Mechanism." Current Microwave Chemistry 7, no. 3 (2020): 216–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2213335607666200701214200.

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Background: Researchers have pursued the new synthesis method. As a newly developed method, microwave (MW), ultrasound (US) and ultraviolet light (UV) assisted synthesis has drawn increasing interests. Under the synergistic effect, many materials with new structure, morphology and properties may be found. As an important rare-earth phosphate, DyPO4 was selected and the effect of MW, US and UV on the preparation was investigated. Method: The DyPO4·1.5H2O nanostructures were prepared by MW, US, UV and their combination. Results: Hexagonal DyPO4·1.5H2O microcrystals obtained under MW irradiation

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18

Yin, Xiu-Feng, Na Shi, Ting Meng, and Ying-Xue Sun. "Evaluation of solar light inactivation on multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli CGMCC 1.1595." Water Supply 20, no. 6 (2020): 2216–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2020.124.

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Abstract This study investigated the simulated solar light disinfection of Escherichia coli CGMCC 1.1595, a multidrug-resistant (MDR) strain resistant to tetracycline and ampicillin. With the increase of light intensity, the maximum inactivation efficiency reached 0.74 log in 60 min following visible light irradiation with an intensity of 115.8 mW/cm2 and following UVA–visible light irradiation, using a 98% UVA-ray contribution at 6.5 mW/cm2 and 95% contribution at 20.0 mW/cm2, the inactivation efficiency was up to 6.09 log. The inactivated MDR E. coli did not regrow after light irradiation or

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Kawada, Taishu, Moka Maehara, and Katsuhito Kino. "Increased Yields of the Guanine Oxidative Damage Product Imidazolone Following Exposure to LED Light." Reactions 4, no. 4 (2023): 801–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/reactions4040046.

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Among the bases of DNA, guanine is the most easily oxidized. Imidazolone (Iz) is a guanine oxidative damage, and we sought to generate Iz-containing oligomers. In this paper, we describe the methods and conditions to increase the yield of Iz by employing photooxidation reactions using light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with emission wavelengths of 365 nm and 450 nm. For photooxidation performed with the 450 nm LED source at light intensities of 2.75–275 mW/cm2, peak yields of Iz were 35% at light intensities of 27.5 and 68.8 mW/cm2. For reactions performed with the 365 nm LED source at light intensi

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Sesma, Newton, Alessandra Lima Rocha, Dalva Cruz Lagana, Bruno Costa, and Susana Morimoto. "Effectiveness of Denture Cleanser Associated With Microwave Disinfection and Brushing of Complete Dentures: In Vivo Study." Brazilian Dental Journal 24, no. 4 (2013): 357–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-6440201302205.

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Complete dentures acts as a reservoir for microbial colonization, which may lead to systemic infections. Microwave irradiation has been used as an efficient method of denture disinfection. Even though current methods eliminate denture-base microorganisms, a recurrence rate of denture stomatitis (DS) is still observed among denture-wearing patients. It was hypothesized that microwave disinfection kills microorganisms but do not remove dead bacteria from the denture surface. To test this hypothesis, the biofilm found in the dentures of 10 patients with DS was evaluated. In addition, the effects

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Hamad, Abubaker H. "The Effect of Microwave Irradiation on the Laser-generated Ag-TiO2 Compound Nanoparticles." ARO-THE SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL OF KOYA UNIVERSITY 13, no. 1 (2025): 111–16. https://doi.org/10.14500/aro.11965.

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The pulsed laser ablation technique in liquid solutions is a promising method for generating nanoscale materials due to its chemically clean and simple synthesis process. This study generates spherical Ag-TiO2 compound nanoparticles (CNPs) through pulsed laser ablation, a picosecond (ps) laser, in deionized water. Then the spherical shapes of the CNPs are changed to rod-like shapes using microwave (MW) irradiation in an ordinary MW (continuous- CW) machine at 700 W for 3.5 min. The effect of MWs on the CNPs is investigated. Before and after MW-irradiation, the samples are characterised using u

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Mohd Zawawi, Norakmalah, Fazlena Hamzah, Harumi Veny, Miradatul Najwa Mohd Rodhi, and Mahanim Sarif. "Chemical and Electrochemical Properties of Bamboo Activated Carbon Activate Using Potassium Hydroxide Assisted by Microwave-Ultrasonic Irradiation." ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering 21, no. 2 (2021): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ajche.64617.

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This paper presents the utilization of bamboo residue from the chopstick industry as modified carbon (AC) for supercapacitor application. Bamboo activated carbon (BAC) was activated using Potassium hydroxide (KOH) and assisted with microwave ultrasonic (Mw-U) irradiation to enhance the properties of bamboo activated carbon (BAC). Different microwave (Mw) power intensities of 100 W, 300 W, and 500 W at 30 minutes of retention time have been applied on activation and the carbonization process was conducted at temperature 800°C. The BAC was analyzed for the morphology using a scanning electron mi

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Kim, Baek Hoon, Seung Kyun Son, Hee Jun Lim, and Han Seung Kim. "Enhanced Humification of Soil Organic Matter by Microwave Irradiation and Hyperthermal Catalysts." Advanced Materials Research 1073-1076 (December 2014): 696–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1073-1076.696.

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Soil organic matter (SOM) is derived from dead biomass of animals and plants, and its formation process in which the precursor materials of SOM are transformed into macro organic molecules through geo-chemical and geo-biological reactions in the subsurface environment is referred to as humification. Carbon content increases, but oxygen content decreases along with marked increased in molecular weight and degree of condensation of SOM during humification. It has been known that humus materials evolve in the order of biopolymer, fulvic acid, humic acid, and humin. Humification process takes plac

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Wang, Shengyong, Huan Liu, Yongqiang Pan, et al. "Performance Enhancement of Silver Nanowire-Based Transparent Electrodes by Ultraviolet Irradiation." Nanomaterials 12, no. 17 (2022): 2956. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12172956.

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Silver nanowires (AgNWs) are used as transparent electrodes (TE) in many devices. However, the contact mode between the nanowires is the biggest reason why the sheet resistance of silver nanowires is limited. Here, simple and effective ultraviolet (UV) irradiation welding is chosen to solve this problem. The influence of the power density of the UV irradiation on welding of the silver nanowires is studied and the fixed irradiation time is chosen as one minute. The range of the UV (380 nm) irradiation power is chosen from 30 mW/cm2 to 150 mW/cm2. First of all, the transmittance of the silver na

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Jákói, Zoltán, Cecilia Hodúr, Zsuzsanna László, and Sándor Beszédes. "Detection of the efficiency of microwave–oxidation process for meat industry wastewater by dielectric measurement." Water Science and Technology 78, no. 10 (2018): 2141–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2018.491.

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Abstract Our experimental work focused on the applicability of a quite novel process for wastewater treatment, i.e. a microwave (MW) irradiation-enhanced Fenton-like method. The aim of our research was to detect and evaluate the efficiency of this oxidation process, during the treatment of meat industry wastewater containing a high concentration of organic material. The efficiency was defined by the measurement of the change in COD (chemical oxygen demand, with an initial COD value of 1,568 mg L−1), and with the determination of dielectric parameters during the process. It can be summarized th

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Sánchez, Pablo B., Shuntaro Tsubaki, Agílio A. H. Pádua, and Yuji Wada. "Kinetic analysis of microwave-enhanced cellulose dissolution in ionic solvents." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 22, no. 3 (2020): 1003–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9cp06239d.

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Dissolution kinetics of cellulose in ionic media under conventional and MW heating modes have been compared. Results show that under the same experimental conditions cellulose dissolves faster under MW irradiation.

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Meza, Paulina, Silvana Vaccaro, Judith Faundes, Rodrigo Segura, and Juana Andrea Ibacache. "Short and Improved Synthesis of Cytotoxic Homodimers with an Isoquinoline Structure." Revista de Chimie 71, no. 5 (2020): 58–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.20.5.8113.

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The syntheses of cytotoxic homodimers 5, 7-10 are described. Compounds 5, 7-10 were cleanly and efficiently obtained by microwave activation. A thorough study concerning oxidative reaction of diamines and isoquinolinequinones, under ultrasound (US) and microwave (MW) irradiation is presented. Under MW irradiation the yields are higher, the amount of precursor quinone used decreases substantially, the reaction time decreases considerably (from hours to minutes) in respect to previously reported methodology.

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Keglevich, György. "Microwaves as “Co-Catalysts” or as Substitute for Catalysts in Organophosphorus Chemistry." Molecules 26, no. 4 (2021): 1196. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26041196.

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The purpose of this review is to summarize the importance of microwave (MW) irradiation as a kind of catalyst in organophosphorus chemistry. Slow or reluctant reactions, such as the Diels-Alder cycloaddition or an inverse-Wittig type reaction, may be performed efficiently under MW irradiation. The direct esterification of phosphinic and phosphonic acids, which is practically impossible on conventional heating, may be realized under MW conditions. Ionic liquid additives may promote further esterifications. The opposite reaction, the hydrolysis of P-esters, has also relevance among the MW-assist

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Sun, De Dong, Xiao Xu Yan, and Wen Ping Xue. "Oxidative Degradation of Dimethyl Phthalate (DMP) by Persulfate Catalyzed by Ag⁺ Combined with Microwave Irradiation." Advanced Materials Research 610-613 (December 2012): 1209–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.610-613.1209.

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The removal of dimethyl phthalate (DMP), which is a pollutant of concern in water environments, was carried out by sodium persulfate (SPS,Na2S2O8) catalyzed by Ag+combined with microwave irradiation. Effects of persulfate concentration, reaction time, microwave(MW) power and catalytic ion Ag+ on the degradation efficiency of DMP by persulfate were examined in batch experiments. The results showed that optimum Na2S2O8 concentration was 0.083mmol/L, and Ag+ concentration was 0.042 mmol/L. Increasing the MW irradiation time , persulfate concentration or Ag+ concentration might significantly accel

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Cvengros, Ján, Stefan Toma, Sylvain Marque, and André Loupy. "Synthesis of phosphonium salts under microwave activation Leaving group and phosphine substituents effects." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 82, no. 9 (2004): 1365–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v04-103.

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The specific nonpurely thermal effects of microwaves were evidenced according to neutral or charged leaving groups during nucleophilic substitution of benzylic electrophiles with triphenylphosphine and tributylphosphine. Microwave (MW) irradiation considerably enhanced the reactions with charged alkylating agents, especially under solvent-free conditions. Results are interpreted considering the magnitude of MW effects according to the position of the transition state along the reaction coordinates.Key words: microwave irradiation, specific effects, phosphonium salts, leaving group effects.

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Lee, Sora, Soo Hyun Kim, You-Young Jo, Wan-Taek Ju, Hyun-Bok Kim, and HaeYong Kweon. "Effects of Ultraviolet Light Irradiation on Silk Fibroin Films Prepared under Different Conditions." Biomolecules 11, no. 1 (2021): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom11010070.

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Silk fibroin (SF)-based materials are exposed to both natural and artificial ultraviolet (UV) light during preparation or administration. However, the effects of UV irradiation on SF films prepared under different conditions have not yet been described in detail. In this study, four SF films with different molecular weight (MW) distribution were fabricated using SF solutions, which were prepared by dissolving degummed SF for 0.5–24 h. We observed UV (365 nm) irradiation on SF films induced the increase of yellowness and absorbance at 310 nm of SF films, indicating the formation of new photo-pr

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Laghari, Azhar Ali, Liming Liu, Dildar Hussain Kalhoro, Hong Chen, and Can Wang. "Mechanism for Reducing the Horizontal Transfer Risk of the Airborne Antibiotic-Resistant Genes of Escherichia coli Species through Microwave or UV Irradiation." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 7 (2022): 4332. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19074332.

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Antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARBs) and antibiotic-resistant genes (ARGs) as new types of contaminants are discharged into the environment, increasing the risk of horizontal gene transfer (HGT). However, few researchers have examined the impacts of airborne ARB deactivation on HGT risk. The deactivation of airborne Escherichia coli 10667 (carrying sul genes) and the emission and removal of ARGs were mainly investigated in this study. Moreover, the potential mechanisms of HGT and transfer frequencies under microwave (MW) and ultraviolet (UV) irradiation were investigated using the nonresistant

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Zhang, Lei, Mingming Su, Na Liu, Xinyu Zhou, and Pingli Kang. "Degradation of malachite green solution using combined microwave and ZnFe2O4 powder." Water Science and Technology 60, no. 10 (2009): 2563–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2009.497.

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Dyestuff malachite green MG in aqueous solution can be degraded rapidly assisted by microwave irradiation (MW) in the presence of ZnFe2O4 powder. ZnFe2O4 acted as a MW as well as the catalyst for MG degradation, and could be used repeatedly. The effects of MW time, initial concentration of MG, addition amount, pH value and used times of ZnFe2O4 powder were discussed in details using UV-Vis spectra, FT-IR spectra, ion chromatography and TOC analysis technologies. The results showed that the degradation percentage of MG was nearly 100%, corresponding to 92% of TOC removal, when the mass fraction

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Pham, Phuoc Thi, Hai Truong Nguyen, The Thai Nguyen, et al. "Rapid and Simple Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Benzoxazoles Catalyzed by [CholineCl][Oxalic Acid]." Catalysts 12, no. 11 (2022): 1394. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal12111394.

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Microwave irradiation has been used to enhance the reaction yields and selectivities for organic transformation. In this paper, microwave irradiation (MW) was investigated for the environmentally benign synthesis of benzoxazoles through the cyclization of 2-aminophenols and benzaldehydes using deep eutectic solvent (DES) as a catalyst. The [CholineCl][oxalic acid] was easily synthesized from choline chloride with oxalic acid and used without further purification. [CholineCl][oxalic acid] catalyzed the synthesis of benzoxazoles to produce the desired product in a good to excellent conversion an

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Safieddin Ardebili, Seyed Mohammad, Xinyu Ge, and Giancarlo Cravotto. "Flow-mode biodiesel production from palm oil using a pressurized microwave reactor." Green Processing and Synthesis 8, no. 1 (2019): 8–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/gps-2017-0116.

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Abstract The factors that influence microwave-assisted biodiesel production reactions have been analyzed in this investigation. The studied parameters included microwave (MW) power, irradiation time, and reactor pressure. The response surface method was used to optimize the reaction conditions. The conversion for the 6:1 methanol/oil molar ratio and 1% catalyst ranged from 68.4% to 96.71%. The optimized conditions were found to be 138 s of MW irradiation at 780 W and 7 bar pressure. The conversion at this point was 97.82%. Biodiesel yield increased at higher radiation times (90–130 s) and pres

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Kamaruddin, Muhamed Nor Iqmal Hafizi, Siti Shawalliah Idris, Atikah Kadri, and Noor Fitrah Abu Bakar. "Microwave irradiation synthesis of carbon nanotubes: Advances, purification techniques, and scalability prospects." Malaysian Journal of Chemical Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2 (2024): 270–98. https://doi.org/10.24191/mjcet.v7i2.1971.

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Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) has been a subject of extensive research and development due to their exceptional properties. This article provides an overview of CNT production techniques, focusing on conventional methods such as arc discharge and chemical vapor deposition (CVD), as well as the emerging alternative, microwave (MW) irradiation technique. The MW irradiation technique offers a promising alternative with potential advantages in terms of energy efficiency and economical aspect. The article also discusses various purification techniques, mainly categorised into chemical and physical purifi

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EZZAT, MOHAMED, M. A. EL-WAILY, M. ABDEL-RAHMAN, and YEHEA ISMAIL. "TREATMENT OF ALUMINUM ALLOYS SURFACE BY NANOSECOND LASER." Surface Review and Letters 25, no. 04 (2018): 1850079. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x18500798.

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Aluminum and its alloys are widely used in our daily life because of their desirable physical properties. Improving the quality of Al-alloys surface layers is required for industrial applications. Nd: YAG pulsed Nanosecond Laser was used in irradiating aluminum 1100 alloy to study the surface morphology and hardness properties. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images reveal the presence of small holes with different diameters that are produced by the irradiation of Aluminum alloy surfaces with different laser power densities. The diameters of the produced holes are decreased gradually by inc

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Стрижельчик, Н.Г. "ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ОСОБЛИВОСТЕЙ ГОРМЕЗИСУ, ІНДУКОВАНОГО НЕІОНІЗУЮЧИМ ВИПРОМІНЮВАННЯМ У РОСЛИННИХ ОБ'ЄКТАХ". Біологія та валеологія, № 20 (18 січня 2019): 39–44. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2543563.

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The wide application of non-ionizing radiation in various spheres of human activity leads to the necessity to nvestigate its modifying capacities. Considering the higher energy of laser radiation ( as compared to the visible light ) and its more effective passage through cell membranes, it is important to study potential capacities of laser radiation to induce the hormesis in eucariotic cells. The investigation purpose was to study the capacity of red laser radiation of 655 nm wave length and 2 mW and 5 mW power to induce the hormesis in plant objects. Studies were conducted with pea seeds. Dr

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Barbora, Ayan, Shailendra Rajput, Konstantin Komoshvili, Jacob Levitan, Asher Yahalom, and Stella Liberman-Aronov. "Non-Ionizing Millimeter Waves Non-Thermal Radiation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae—Insights and Interactions." Applied Sciences 11, no. 14 (2021): 6635. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11146635.

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Non-ionizing millimeter-waves (MMW) interact with cells in a variety of ways. Here the inhibited cell division effect was investigated using 85–105 GHz MMW irradiation within the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) non-thermal 20 mW/cm2 safety standards. Irradiation using a power density of about 1.0 mW/cm2 SAR over 5–6 h on 50 cells/μL samples of Saccharomyces cerevisiae model organism resulted in 62% growth rate reduction compared to the control (sham). The effect was specific for 85–105 GHz range and was energy- and cell density-dependent. Irradiation of w

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Aljammal, Noor, Jeroen Lauwaert, Bert Biesemans, Francis Verpoort, Philippe M. Heynderickx, and Joris W. Thybaut. "Quantification of the Microwave Effect in the Synthesis of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural over Sulfonated MIL-101(Cr)." Catalysts 13, no. 3 (2023): 622. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal13030622.

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The potential benefits of microwave irradiation for fructose dehydration into 5 hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) have been quantified over a sulfonated metal–organic framework (MOF), MIL 101(Cr)-SO3H. The effects of temperature (140–170 °C), batch time (5–300 min), and catalyst-to-substrate ratio (0.1–0.01 g/g) were systematically mapped. After 10 min of microwave (MW) irradiation at 140 °C in a DMSO–acetone reaction medium, practically complete fructose conversion was obtained with a 70% yield of 5-HMF. Without MW, i.e., using conventional heating (CH) at the same conditions, the fructose conver

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Moldoveanu, Costel, Ionel Mangalagiu, Dragos Lucian Isac, Anton Airinei, and Gheorghita Zbancioc. "A New Pathway for the Synthesis of a New Class of Blue Fluorescent Benzofuran Derivatives." Molecules 23, no. 8 (2018): 1968. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules23081968.

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In this study an efficient and straightforward method for obtaining a new class of blue fluorescent bezofuran derivatives, under microwave irradiation, as well as under conventional thermal heating, is presented. Under conventional TH the reactions occur selectively, and a single type of benzofuran ester derivative was obtained. The synthesis under MW irradiation also led to benzofuran derivatives, but in a time-dependent manner. Irradiation for a short period of time led to a mixture of two types of benzofuran derivatives (3a–c and 4a–c), while MW irradiation for a longer period of time led t

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Pyz-Łukasik, Renata, Waldemar Paszkiewicz, and Agnieszka Latoch. "Effectiveness of UV irradiation for air disinfection in chambers for microbiological tests." Medycyna Weterynaryjna 72, no. 11 (2016): 709–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.21521/mw.5583.

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The objective of the study was to determine the UV irradiation operation time required to obtain the microbial reduction level specified for the so-called cleanrooms standard in the device for microbiological examination. The samples for examination were collected using an aspiration method and a Sampl`air Lite microbial air sampler (AES Laboratoire Chemunex). Microbial air contamination was established according to the PN, prior to the sterilization and after 3, 4, 5, 6, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24 hours of air sterilization in the chamber. Significant differences were found in the contamination l

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Wang, Shengping, Longfei Tan, Ping Liang, et al. "Layered MoS2 nanoflowers for microwave thermal therapy." Journal of Materials Chemistry B 4, no. 12 (2016): 2133–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6tb00296j.

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Layered BSA-MoS<sub>2</sub> nanoflowers are designed and synthesized as excellent microwave (MW) hyperthermia susceptive agents for in vivo cancer therapy via MW irradiation at 1.8 W, 450 MHz, which shows great potential for green tumor thermotherapy.

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Shanazarov, N. A., B. G. Kassymov, T. M. Muratov, and S. V. Zinchenko. "Photodynamic therapy of penile leukoplakia: a case report." Laser Medicine 25, no. 3 (2022): 29–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.37895/2071-8004-2021-25-3-29-33.

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Purpose: to describe a clinical case of successful application of photodynamic therapy (PDT) in a patient with leukoplakia of the glans penis skin.Material and methods. For PDT, chlorin-type photosensitizer “Photolon” was used. The photosensitizer (lyophilized powder) was diluted in 200.0 ml of 0.9 % sodium chloride solution, administered intravenously at dosage 1.5 mg/kg of body weight. After 2.5 hours, intravenous laser blood irradiation was performed with “Lakhta-Milon” laser device (output power – 100 mW, exposure – 30 minutes). Before PDT, ﬂuorescence diagnostics in ultraviolet light with

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Gungor, A., S. Dogru, H. Cincik, E. Erkul, and E. Poyrazoglu. "Effectiveness of transmeatal low power laser irradiation for chronic tinnitus." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 122, no. 5 (2007): 447–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215107009619.

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AbstractObjective:To evaluate effectiveness of 5 mW laser irradiation in the treatment of chronic tinnitus.Study design:Prospective, randomised, double-blind study.Methods:This investigation included 66 ears in 45 patients with chronic unilateral or bilateral tinnitus. A 5 mW laser with a wavelength of 650 nm, or placebo laser, was applied transmeatally for 15 minutes, once daily for a week. A questionnaire was administered which asked patients to score their symptoms on a five-point scale, before and two weeks after laser irradiation. A decrease of one scale point, regarding the loudness, dur

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Liu, Liu, Yu-Shi Wen, Dan Wang, et al. "A new high-irradiation ignition test and diagnosis method of solid combustibles." Thermal Science, no. 00 (2023): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci230116095l.

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This study proposes a new high-irradiation ignition test method for studying the pyrolysis and ignition of solid combustibles under extreme scenarios (> 0.1 MW?m-2). The irradiation system that generates a 10-cm octagonal spot of dynamic irradiation with a peak flux of 1.25 MW?m-2 and 95% uniformity, and a chamber with well-controlled ambient conditions and advanced diagnostics coupled with a multi-physical parameter measurement system. A verification test was conducted on corrugated cardboard using the proposed test method, resulting in high-quality outcomes with lower coefficients of vari

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Nechifor, Cristina-Delia, Magdalena Aflori, and Dana-Ortansa Dorohoi. "Anisotropy of Thin Foils Obtained from Microwave-Irradiated Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) Aqueous Solutions." Polymers 11, no. 6 (2019): 1072. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11061072.

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In this paper, poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) foils of comparable thickness were obtained by using 10 wt % PVA aqueous solutions exposed to microwave (MW) radiations for different times. The main goal of this paper is to identify the effects of MW irradiation on the induced optical birefringence of PVA stretched foils, since it is known that the changes in the chemical and physical properties of polymers induced by radiations can influence the asymmetry of their molecular structures from which the birefringence of polymers derives. The efficiency of the MW oven was estimated, and the contribution o

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Attallah, Olivia A., Muhammad Azeem, Efstratios Nikolaivits, Evangelos Topakas, and Margaret Brennan Fournet. "Progressing Ultragreen, Energy-Efficient Biobased Depolymerization of Poly(ethylene terephthalate) via Microwave-Assisted Green Deep Eutectic Solvent and Enzymatic Treatment." Polymers 14, no. 1 (2021): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14010109.

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Effective interfacing of energy-efficient and biobased technologies presents an all-green route to achieving continuous circular production, utilization, and reproduction of plastics. Here, we show combined ultragreen chemical and biocatalytic depolymerization of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) using deep eutectic solvent (DES)-based low-energy microwave (MW) treatment followed by enzymatic hydrolysis. DESs are emerging as attractive sustainable catalysts due to their low toxicity, biodegradability, and unique biological compatibility. A green DES with triplet composition of choline chloride,

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Wang, Yen-Zen, Tsung-Han Ko, Wen Yao Huang, et al. "Preparation of Pt-Catalyst by Poly(p-phenylenediamine) Nanocomposites Assisted by Microwave Radiation for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell." Polymers 10, no. 12 (2018): 1388. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym10121388.

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The Pt elements are prepared via the redox reaction with microwave (MW) irradiation in the presence of poly(p-phenylenediamine) (PpPD) which is polymerized on XC72 carbon matrix (PpPD/XC72), behaving as reducing agent. The free primary amines of PpPD are actually converted (oxidized) to secondary ones (5,10-dihydrophenazine) after MW irradiation. Transmission electronic microscopy (TEM) micrographs reveal the prepared Pt nanoparticles are well-dispersed on the carbon matrix like commercial Pt-implanted carbon nanocomposite (Pt/C). From the residue weights of thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) th

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Tang, Luyao, Haokuan Qin, Shangfei Lin, and Muqing Liu. "Effects of Pulsed Red and Near-Infrared Light on Neuroblastoma Cells—Pilot Study on Frequency and Duty Cycle." Photonics 10, no. 3 (2023): 315. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics10030315.

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Transcranial photobiomodulation (tPBM) is an innovative intervention for a wide range of neurological and psychological conditions. tPBM therapy can enhance the metabolic capacity of neurons and bring about a variety of beneficial changes. This study mainly investigated the photobiological effects of pulsed red and near-infrared (NIR) light on neuron-like neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells by in vitro experiments. We covered the irradiation parameters, including wavelength (660, 850 nm), power density (5, 10, 20, 50, 100 mW/cm2), frequency (40, 100, 1000 Hz), and duty cycle (10%, 50%, 90%), finding t

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