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Journal articles on the topic 'MXene'
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1
Đerić, Jelena, and Marko Radović. "ELEKTRIČNI TRANSPORT U MXENE-CITOZAN NANOMEMBRANAMA." Zbornik radova Fakulteta tehničkih nauka u Novom Sadu 39, no. 01 (January 5, 2024): 149–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.24867/25rb01djeric.
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Ovaj rad istražuje primenu MXena, dvodimenzionalnih (2D) nanomaterijala, na polikaprola-kton (PCL) membranama u svrhu prehrambene i medicinske tehnologije. MXeni su novi 2D materijali koji se sastoje od slojeva prelaznih metalnih karbida, nitrida ili karbonitrida. PCL je biokompatibilan, biorazgradiv poliester, pogodan za medicinsku primenu. Ispitivana su električna svojstva PCL-MXene membrana pre i posle tretmana kiseonikovom plazmom. Rezultati pokazuju povećanje provodnosti nakon nanošenja MXena, što nije slučaj prilikom tretmana plazmom. Ali je primećen uticaj tretmana na električna i mehanička svojstva nanokompo-zita.
2
Pant, Bishweshwar, Mira Park, and Allison A. Kim. "MXene-Embedded Electrospun Polymeric Nanofibers for Biomedical Applications: Recent Advances." Micromachines 14, no. 7 (July 23, 2023): 1477. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi14071477.
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Recently MXenes has gained immense attention as a new and exciting class of two-dimensional material. Due to their unique layered microstructure, the presence of various functional groups at the surface, earth abundance, and attractive electrical, optical, and thermal properties, MXenes are considered promising candidates for various applications such as energy, environmental, and biomedical. The ease of dispersibility and metallic conductivity of MXene render them promising candidates for use as fillers in polymer nanocomposites. MXene–polymer nanocomposites simultaneously benefit from the attractive properties of MXenes and the flexibility and facile processability of polymers. However, the potentiality of MXene to modify the electrospun nanofibers has been less studied. Understanding the interactions between polymeric nanofibers and MXenes is important to widen their role in biomedical applications. This review explores diverse methods of MXene synthesis, discusses our current knowledge of the various biological characteristics of MXene, and the synthesis of MXene incorporated polymeric nanofibers and their utilization in biomedical applications. The information discussed in this review serves to guide the future development and application of MXene–polymer nanofibers in biomedical fields.
3
Ali, Ashraf, Sanjit Manohar Majhi, Lamia A. Siddig, Abdul Hakeem Deshmukh, Hongli Wen, Naser N. Qamhieh, Yaser E. Greish, and Saleh T. Mahmoud. "Recent Advancements in MXene-Based Biosensors for Health and Environmental Applications—A Review." Biosensors 14, no. 10 (October 12, 2024): 497. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios14100497.
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Owing to their unique physicochemical properties, MXenes have emerged as promising materials for biosensing applications. This review paper comprehensively explores the recent advancements in MXene-based biosensors for health and environmental applications. This review begins with an introduction to MXenes and biosensors, outlining various types of biosensors including electrochemical, enzymatic, optical, and fluorescent-based systems. The synthesis methods and characteristics of MXenes are thoroughly discussed, highlighting the importance of these processes in tailoring MXenes for specific biosensing applications. Particular attention is given to the development of electrochemical MXene-based biosensors, which have shown remarkable sensitivity and selectivity in detecting various analytes. This review then delves into enzymatic MXene-based biosensors, exploring how the integration of MXenes with enzymes enhances sensor performance and expands the range of detectable biomarkers. Optical biosensors based on MXenes are examined, focusing on their mechanisms and applications in both healthcare and environmental monitoring. The potential of fluorescent-based MXene biosensors is also investigated, showcasing their utility in imaging and sensing applications. In addition, MXene-based potential wearable biosensors have been discussed along with the role of MXenes in volatile organic compound (VOC) detection for environmental applications. Finally, this paper concludes with a critical analysis of the current state of MXene-based biosensors and provides insights into future perspectives and challenges in this rapidly evolving field.
4
Gu, Pengcheng, Dichen Xia, Yan Liu, Quan Chen, and Lingling Wang. "High Uranium Extraction by Polydopamine Functionalized MXene from Aqueous Solutions." E3S Web of Conferences 350 (2022): 03012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202235003012.
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MXenes were outstanding materials for aqueous environment remediation, MXenes with a high capacity for radionuclides uranium (U(VI)) remains a challenge. In this study, a noval polydopamine functionalized MXene (defined as MXene@PDA) was successfully synthesised and evaluated for the aggregation towards U(VI) from wastewater. Versatile PDA owing functional groups provided more sites to capture contaminant ions. The mechanism research with MXene@PDA was explored by batch experiments toghther with the XPS analyses. The results revealed MXene@PDA with abundant functional groups exhibited superior elimination ability (90.4 mg/g) at pH = 5.0. The mechanism of U(VI) on MXene@PDA was primarily ascribed to the surface complexation force between the UO22+ and -OH, NH2 groups. The PDA modification of MXene materials are proved to be excellent materials for the extraction of radionuclides in the aqueous solution.
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Hu, Shukai. "Mxenes applications in different metal ion batteries." Applied and Computational Engineering 3, no. 1 (May 25, 2023): 336–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2755-2721/3/20230537.
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Mxenes, with unique two-dimensional structures, possess excellent electrical conductivity and low diffusion barriers, which are potential materials used in different metal ion batteries. Herein this paper focuses on synthesising MXenes applications through a literature review method. In relevant analysis, Mxenes can be Constructed in Ultrathin Layered with TiN in Heterostructure to Facilitate the Favorable Catalytic Capability of LithiumSulfur Batteries. For Potassium-Ion Batteries, MXene coated in Carbon to form a Three-Dimensional MXene/Iron Selenide Ball with CoreShell Structure shows a high reversible capacity with significant cycle stability. Ti3C2Tx MXene Electrolyte Additive prevents zinc ion batteries from Zinc Dendrite Deposition. Lastly, customizing the MXene nitrogen terminals for Na-Ion Batteries facilitates fast charging and stable cycling even when the temperature is low.
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Du, Cheng-Feng, Xiangyuan Zhao, Zijiao Wang, Hong Yu, and Qian Ye. "Recent Advanced on the MXene–Organic Hybrids: Design, Synthesis, and Their Applications." Nanomaterials 11, no. 1 (January 11, 2021): 166. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11010166.
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With increasing research interest in the field of flexible electronics and wearable devices, intensive efforts have been paid to the development of novel inorganic-organic hybrid materials. As a newly developed two-dimensional (2D) material family, MXenes present many advantages compared with other 2D analogs, especially the variable surface terminal groups, thus the infinite possibility for the regulation of surface physicochemical properties. However, there is still less attention paid to the interfacial compatibility of the MXene-organic hybrids. To this end, this review will briefly summarize the recent progress on MXene-organic hybrids, offers a deeper understanding of the interaction and collaborative mechanism between the MXenes and organic component. After the discussion of the structure and surface characters of MXenes, strategies towards MXene-organic hybrids are introduced based on the interfacial interactions. Based on different application scenarios, the advantages of MXene-organic hybrids in constructing flexible devices are then discussed. The challenges and outlook on MXene-organic hybrids are also presented.
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Du, Cheng-Feng, Xiangyuan Zhao, Zijiao Wang, Hong Yu, and Qian Ye. "Recent Advanced on the MXene–Organic Hybrids: Design, Synthesis, and Their Applications." Nanomaterials 11, no. 1 (January 11, 2021): 166. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11010166.
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With increasing research interest in the field of flexible electronics and wearable devices, intensive efforts have been paid to the development of novel inorganic-organic hybrid materials. As a newly developed two-dimensional (2D) material family, MXenes present many advantages compared with other 2D analogs, especially the variable surface terminal groups, thus the infinite possibility for the regulation of surface physicochemical properties. However, there is still less attention paid to the interfacial compatibility of the MXene-organic hybrids. To this end, this review will briefly summarize the recent progress on MXene-organic hybrids, offers a deeper understanding of the interaction and collaborative mechanism between the MXenes and organic component. After the discussion of the structure and surface characters of MXenes, strategies towards MXene-organic hybrids are introduced based on the interfacial interactions. Based on different application scenarios, the advantages of MXene-organic hybrids in constructing flexible devices are then discussed. The challenges and outlook on MXene-organic hybrids are also presented.
8
Nahirniak, Svitlana, and Bilge Saruhan. "MXene Heterostructures as Perspective Materials for Gas Sensing Applications." Sensors 22, no. 3 (January 27, 2022): 972. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22030972.
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This paper provides a summary of the recent developments with promising 2D MXene-related materials and gives an outlook for further research on gas sensor applications. The current synthesis routes that are provided in the literature are summarized, and the main properties of MXene compounds have been highlighted. Particular attention has been paid to safe and non-hazardous synthesis approaches for MXene production as 2D materials. The work so far on sensing properties of pure MXenes and MXene-based heterostructures has been considered. Significant improvement of the MXenes sensing performances not only relies on 2D production but also on the formation of MXene heterostructures with other 2D materials, such as graphene, and with metal oxides layers. Despite the limited number of research papers published in this area, recommendations on new strategies to advance MXene heterostructures and composites for gas sensing applications can be driven.
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Ji, Chenchen, Haonan Cui, Hongyu Mi, and Shengchun Yang. "Applications of 2D MXenes for Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage." Energies 14, no. 23 (December 6, 2021): 8183. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14238183.
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As newly emerged 2D layered transition metal carbides or carbonitrides, MXenes have attracted growing attention in energy conversion and storage applications due to their exceptional high electronic conductivity, ample functional groups (e.g., -OH, -F, -O), desirable hydrophilicity, and superior dispersibility in aqueous solutions. The significant advantages of MXenes enable them to be intriguing structural units to engineer advanced MXene-based nanocomposites for electrochemical storage devices with remarkable performances. Herein, this review summarizes the current advances of MXene-based materials for energy storage (e.g., supercapacitors, lithium ion batteries, and zinc ion storage devices), in which the fabrication routes and the special functions of MXenes for electrode materials, conductive matrix, surface modification, heteroatom doping, crumpling, and protective layer to prevent dendrite growth are highlighted. Additionally, given that MXene are versatile for self-assembling into specific configuration with geometric flexibility, great efforts about methodologies (e.g., vacuum filtration, mask-assisted filtration, screen printing, extrusion printing technique, and directly writing) of patterned MXene-based composite film or MXene-based conductive ink for fabricating more types of energy storage device were also discussed. Finally, the existing challenges and prospects of MXene-based materials and growing trend for further energy storage devices are also presented.
10
Li, Xiaohua, Feitian Ran, Fan Yang, Jun Long, and Lu Shao. "Advances in MXene Films: Synthesis, Assembly, and Applications." Transactions of Tianjin University 27, no. 3 (March 7, 2021): 217–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12209-021-00282-y.
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AbstractA growing family of two-dimensional (2D) transition metal carbides or nitrides, known as MXenes, have received increasing attention because of their unique properties, such as metallic conductivity and good hydrophilicity. The studies on MXenes have been widely pursued, given the composition diversity of the parent MAX phases. This review focuses on MXene films, an important form of MXene-based materials for practical applications. We summarized the synthesis methods of MXenes, focusing on emerging synthesis strategies and reaction mechanisms. The advanced assembly technologies of MXene films, including vacuum-assisted filtration, spin-coating methods, and several other approaches, were then highlighted. Finally, recent progress in the applications of MXene films in electrochemical energy storage, membrane separation, electromagnetic shielding fields, and burgeoning areas, as well as the correlation between compositions, architecture, and performance, was discussed.
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Arifutzzaman, A., Chin Fhong Soon, Marlia Morsin, Gim Pao Lim, Navid Aslfattahi, Warsuzarina Mat Jubadi, Sangeetha Siva Sangu, Mohamed Shuaib Mohamed Saheed, Nafarizal Nayan, and Rahman Saidur. "MXene as Emerging Low Dimensional Material in Modern Energy and Bio Application: A Review." Journal of Nano Research 74 (July 12, 2022): 109–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-x49od6.
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MXene is a recently emerged two dimensional (2D) layered materials, a novel series of transition metal carbides, nitrides and carbonitrides were established by a group of scientists from Drexel University in 2011. Multi-layered MXene nanomaterials have been synthesized using different wet chemistry etching approaches. To date, around twenty different types of MXenes are synthesized using different wet chemistry etching techniques. To ensure reproducibility of the MXene, advanced characterizations in terms of morphology, structure as well as elemental compositions of the MXene flakes are conducted. MXenes nanosheets possess a significant thermo-electrical conductivity, reasonable band gap and high intrinsic carrier mobilities. The family materials of the MXenes have high potential for making energy storage devices such as batteries and supercapacitors as well as several many other implications such as electromagnetic interference shielding and capacitive desalination. MXenes are the potential candidates for hydrogen storage due to the interactive nature of hydrogen and these layered-structure materials. MXenes in biomedical applications were proven as valuable materials due to the tunable physiochemical properties into new distinct structures which is difficult to be manipulated in bulk materials. Besides, MXenes possess suitability of functionalization for tuning the various required properties for the specific properties. The many potential properties of MXene have disclosed new possibility to address the current need of higher efficiency materials for different applications.
12
Kumar, Sunil, Hyun Min Park, Tej Singh, Manjeet Kumar, and Yongho Seo. "Long-Term Stability Studies and Applications of Ti3C2Tx MXene." International Journal of Energy Research 2023 (February 3, 2023): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/5275439.
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The novel 2D materials, MXenes, have many remarkable properties, but their stability against oxidation is a major bottleneck in their applications. In this study, we have investigated the stability of Ti3C2Tx MXene for up to 365 days under different conditions, e.g., in liquid form in different solvents, in dried form when coated at polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate, and during the application of Ti3C2Tx MXene in polymer-dispersed liquid crystal- (PDLC-) based smart windows as conducting electrodes. In liquid form, the MXenes were dispersed in different solvents including an antioxidant in DI water and other organic solvents, and the corresponding color change was analyzed. To estimate the stability in dried form, the MXenes were coated on PET substrates and their relative sheet resistance change, i.e., R − R 0 / R 0 , where R 0 is the initial resistance, was investigated under different conditions including MXene passivated with polymers and coated films stored under different environments. In the case of the MXene application-based stability study, the stability was investigated by using the MXenes as conducting electrodes in a switchable smart window application. The switchable behavior was observed by applying voltage (0-50 V) after different durations of up to 365 days. The MXene used in smart windows was preserved for a long time without additional treatment to MXene.
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PHOOHADSUAN, Siranaree, Thitima Maturos DANIELS, Mati HORPRATHUM, Nichaphat THONGSAI, and Eakkasit PUNRAT. "Fabrication and characterization of Sb-doped MXene prepared by hydrothermal method for use as a sensing electrode for heavy metal detection." Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals 34, no. 2 (June 4, 2024): 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.55713/jmmm.v34i2.2008.
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MXene, a two-dimensional material with favorable physicochemical characteristics, has demonstrated outstanding efficiency in a wide range of applications because of their superior properties, such as higher surface area and conductivity, and facile surface modification. In this study, antimony (Sb) doped MXenes were synthesized via a simple hydrothermal method, employing various Sb concentrations ranging from 5%w/w to 25%w/w. The successful preparation of the Sb-doped MXene (Sb@MXene) was confirmed by an X-ray diffraction (XRD) method. Physical morphologies examined through field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) depict the presence of Sb nanoparticles with the size of about 80 nm on the surface and interlayer of MXenes. The Sb@MXene composites demonstrated significant potential as electrochemical sensing materials for heavy metal detection. Both 5%Sb@MXene and 25%Sb@MXene composites were prepared as the screen-printed electrode (SPE) materials via drop-casting method to sense Pb2+, Cd2+, and Zn2+. The 25%Sb@MXene SPE show the highest sensitivity toward Pb2+(3.62 μA∙ppm‒1), Cd2+(2.53 μA∙ppm‒1), and Zn2+ (0.90 μA∙ppm‒1) solution, compared with that of 5%Sb@MXene SPE. This work not only demonstrates a simple preparation of Sb@MXene, but also applies the hybrid materials in electrochemical sensing application.
14
Yuan, Yao, Weiliang Lin, Lulu Xu, and Wei Wang. "Recent Progress in Thermoplastic Polyurethane/MXene Nanocomposites: Preparation, Flame-Retardant Properties and Applications." Molecules 29, no. 16 (August 16, 2024): 3880. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules29163880.
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MXene, a promising two-dimensional nanomaterial, exhibits significant potential across various applications due to its multilayered structure, metal-like conductivity, solution processability, and surface functionalization capabilities. These remarkable properties facilitate the integration of MXenes and MXene-based materials into high-performance polymer composites. Regarding this, a comprehensive and well-structured up-to-date review is essential to provide an in-depth understanding of MXene/thermoplastic polyurethane nanocomposites. This review discusses various synthetic and modification methods of MXenes, current research progress and future potential on MXene/thermoplastic polyurethane nanocomposites, existing knowledge gaps, and further development. The main focus is on discussing strategies for modifying MXene-based compounds and their flame-retardant efficiency, with particular emphasis on understanding their mechanisms within the TPU matrix. Ultimately, this review addresses current challenges and suggests future directions for the practical utilization of these materials.
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Rashid, Bushra, Ayaz Anwar, Syed Shahabuddin, Gokula Mohan, Rahman Saidur, Navid Aslfattahi, and Nanthini Sridewi. "A Comparative Study of Cytotoxicity of PPG and PEG Surface-Modified 2-D Ti3C2 MXene Flakes on Human Cancer Cells and Their Photothermal Response." Materials 14, no. 16 (August 4, 2021): 4370. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14164370.
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The MXenes are a novel family of 2-D materials with promising biomedical activity, however, their anticancer potential is still largely unexplored. In this study, a comparative cytotoxicity investigation of Ti3C2 MXenes with polypropylene glycol (PPG), and polyethylene glycol (PEG) surface-modified 2-D Ti3C2 MXene flakes has been conducted towards normal and cancerous human cell lines. The wet chemical etching method was used to synthesize MXene followed by a simple chemical mixing method for surface modification of Ti3C2 MXene with PPG and PEG molecules. SEM and XRD analyses were performed to examine surface morphology and elemental composition, respectively. FTIR and UV-vis spectroscopy were used to confirm surface modification and light absorption, respectively. The cell lines used to study the cytotoxicity of MXene and surface-modified MXenes in this study were normal (HaCaT and MCF-10A) and cancerous (MCF-7 and A375) cells. These cell lines were also used as controls (without exposure to study material and irradiation) to measure their baseline cell viability under the same lab environment. The surface-modified MXenes exhibited a sharp reduction in cell viability towards both normal (HaCaT and MCF-10A) and cancerous (MCF-7 and A375) cells but cytotoxicity was more pronounced towards cancerous cell lines. This may be due to the difference in cell metabolism and the occurrence of high pre-existing levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) within cancerous cells. The highest toxicity towards both normal and cancerous cell lines was observed with PEGylated MXenes followed by PPGylated and bare MXenes. The normal cell’s viability was barely above 70% threshold with 250 mg/L PEGylated MXene concentration whereas PPGylated and bare MXene were less toxic towards normal cells, even at 500 mg/L concentration. Moreover, the toxicity was found to be directly related to the type of cell lines. In general, the HaCaT cell line exhibited the lowest toxicity while toxicity was highest in the case of the A375 cell line. The photothermal studies revealed high photo response for PEGylated MXene followed by PPGylated and bare MXenes. However, the PPGylated MXene’s lower cytotoxicity towards normal cells while comparable toxicity towards malignant cells as compared to PEGylated MXenes makes the former a relatively safe and effective anticancer agent.
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Aghayar, Zahra, Massoud Malaki, and Yizhou Zhang. "MXene-Based Ink Design for Printed Applications." Nanomaterials 12, no. 23 (December 6, 2022): 4346. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12234346.
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MXenes are a class of two-dimensional nanomaterials with a rich chemistry, hydrophilic surface and mechano-ceramic nature, and have been employed in a wide variety of applications ranging from medical and sensing devises to electronics, supercapacitors, electromagnetic shielding, and environmental applications, to name a few. To date, the main focus has mostly been paid to studying the chemical and physical properties of MXenes and MXene-based hybrids, while relatively less attention has been paid to the optimal application forms of these materials. It has been frequently observed that MXenes show great potential as inks when dispersed in solution. The present paper aims to comprehensively review the recent knowledge about the properties, applications and future horizon of inks based on 2D MXene sheets. In terms of the layout of the current paper, 2D MXenes have briefly been presented and followed by introducing the formulation of MXene inks, the process of turning MAX to MXene, and ink compositions and preparations. The chemical, tribological and rheological properties have been deeply discussed with an eye to the recent developments of the MXene inks in energy, health and sensing applications. The review ends with a summary of research pitfalls, challenges, and future directions in this area.
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Srivatsa, Shreyas, Paul Sieber, Céline Hofer, André Robert, Siddhesh Raorane, Marianna Marciszko-Wiąckowska, Krzysztof Grabowski, M. M. Nayak, Eleni Chatzi, and Tadeusz Uhl. "Dynamic Response Study of Piezoresistive Ti3C2-MXene Sensor for Structural Impacts." Sensors 23, no. 20 (October 14, 2023): 8463. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23208463.
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MXenes are a new family of two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials. They are inorganic compounds of metal carbides/nitrides/carbonitrides. Titanium carbide MXene (Ti3C2-MXene) was the first 2D nanomaterial reported in the MXene family in 2011. Owing to the good physical properties of Ti3C2-MXenes (e.g., conductivity, hydrophilicity, film-forming ability, elasticity) various applications in wearable sensors, energy harvesters, supercapacitors, electronic devices, etc., have been demonstrated. This paper presents the development of a piezoresistive Ti3C2-MXene sensor followed by experimental investigations of its dynamic response behavior when subjected to structural impacts. For the experimental investigations, an inclined ball impact test setup is constructed. Stainless steel balls of different masses and radii are used to apply repeatable impacts on a vertical cantilever plate. The Ti3C2-MXene sensor is attached to this cantilever plate along with a commercial piezoceramic sensor, and their responses for the structural impacts are compared. It is observed from the experiments that the average response times of the Ti3C2-MXene sensor and piezoceramic sensor are 1.28±0.24μs and 31.19±24.61μs, respectively. The fast response time of the Ti3C2-MXene sensor makes it a promising candidate for monitoring structural impacts.
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Zheng, Zhong, Qian Yang, Shuyi Song, Yifan Pan, Huan Xue, and Jing Li. "Anti-Oxidized Self-Assembly of Multilayered F-Mene/MXene/TPU Composite with Improved Environmental Stability and Pressure Sensing Performances." Polymers 16, no. 10 (May 9, 2024): 1337. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym16101337.
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MXenes, as emerging 2D sensing materials for next-generation electronics, have attracted tremendous attention owing to their extraordinary electrical conductivity, mechanical strength, and flexibility. However, challenges remain due to the weak stability in the oxygen environment and nonnegligible aggregation of layered MXenes, which severely affect the durability and sensing performances of the corresponding MXene-based pressure sensors, respectively. Here, in this work, we propose an easy-to-fabricate self-assembly strategy to prepare multilayered MXene composite films, where the first layer MXene is hydrogen-bond self-assembled on the electrospun thermoplastic urethane (TPU) fibers surface and the anti-oxidized functionalized-MXene (f-MXene) is subsequently adhered on the MXene layer by spontaneous electrostatic attraction. Remarkably, the f-MXene surface is functionalized with silanization reagents to form a hydrophobic protective layer, thus preventing the oxidation of the MXene-based pressure sensor during service. Simultaneously, the electrostatic self-assembled MXene and f-MXene successfully avoid the invalid stacking of MXene, leading to an improved pressure sensitivity. Moreover, the adopted electrospinning method can facilitate cyclic self-assembly and the formation of a hierarchical micro-nano porous structure of the multilayered f-MXene/MXene/TPU (M-fM2T) composite. The gradient pores can generate changes in the conductive pathways within a wide loading range, broadening the pressure detection range of the as-proposed multilayered f-MXene/MXene/TPU piezoresistive sensor (M-fM2TPS). Experimentally, these novel features endow our M-fM2TPS with an outstanding maximum sensitivity of 40.31 kPa−1 and an extensive sensing range of up to 120 kPa. Additionally, our M-fM2TPS exhibits excellent anti-oxidized properties for environmental stability and mechanical reliability for long-term use, which shows only ~0.8% fractional resistance changes after being placed in a natural environment for over 30 days and provides a reproducible loading–unloading pressure measurement for more than 1000 cycles. As a proof of concept, the M-fM2TPS is deployed to monitor human movements and radial artery pulse. Our anti-oxidized self-assembly strategy of multilayered MXene is expected to guide the future investigation of MXene-based advanced sensors with commercial values.
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Yuan, Mengwei, Xingzi Zheng, Jingshen Xu, Qiao Ni, Luoqi Luo, Zejun Cai, Zemin Sun, Liu Lin, and Genban Sun. "A Review of the Structural Design of Anode Materials in Sodium-Ion Batteries Based on MXenes and Their Composites." Batteries 9, no. 1 (January 8, 2023): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/batteries9010048.
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The typical two-dimensional layered structure materials, MXenes, are widely used in energy conversion and storage due to their high conductivity, ion transport ability, and rich surface structures. Recently, MXenes and their composites have been widely employed in secondary batteries, especially sodium-ion batteries (SIBs), with obvious performance improvement. As anodic materials, MXenes, metal oxides, metal sulfides, and other materials contain certain advantages in Na+ storage, but they individually also suffer from some issues and challenges, such as low conductivity and serious volume change, as well as the associated low capacity and poor cyclability. By virtue of the advantages of MXenes, with their high conductivity and ultrathin two-dimensional structures, the construction of surface-functionalized MXenes and MXene-based composites could effectively improve the conductivity and mass-transport properties of composites, alleviate volume expansion, and, thus, enhance the capacity properties, rate performances, and cycle stability of SIBs. Herein, we review the latest research status of the structural design of MXenes and Mxene-based materials, as well as their applications in SIBs. We briefly introduce the research background and introduce MXenes and SIBs, and focus on their structural designs and corresponding applications in SIBs. Finally, the important challenges of MXene-based materials applied to SIBs are discussed, and the future prospects of MXene-based composite developments in SIBs are presented.
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Samylingam, Ilancheliyan, Kumaran Kadirgama, Lingenthiran Samylingam, Navid Aslfattahi, Devarajan Ramasamy, Norazlianie Sazali, Wan Sharuzi Wan Harun, and Chee Kuang Kok. "Review of Ti3C2Tx MXene Nanofluids: Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 14, no. 3 (June 1, 2024): 14708–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.7504.
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MXene-based nanofluids are important because of their thermal and rheological properties, influencing scientific and industrial applications. MXenes, made of titanium carbides and nitrides, are investigated for nanofluid enhancement. This review covers MXene nanofluid creation, characterization, and application. To produce nanoscale MXene particles, two-dimensional materials are dissolved and dispersed in a base fluid. The stability and efficacy of MXene nanofluids depend on production methods, such as chemical exfoliation, electrochemical etching, and mechanical delamination. Improved heat transfer coefficients and thermal conductivity from MXene nanofluids help resolve heat transfer, energy efficiency, and thermal control problems. This extensive review also addresses long-term safety and the necessity for standardized characterization methodologies, helping researchers optimize MXene-based nanofluids in many technological fields
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Bhardwaj, Radha, and Arnab Hazra. "MXene-based gas sensors." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 9, no. 44 (2021): 15735–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1tc04085e.
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In recent days, a new class of 2D materials called MXenes have attracted massive attention. The current review focuses on the synthesis procedure, general properties and gas/VOC sensing performance of MXenes and MXene-based nanocomposites.
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Valurouthu, Geetha, Yury Gogotsi, Kate Harrison, Ruocun (John) Wang, Vibha Kalra, and Il-Kwon Oh. "Screening Conductive Mxenes for Polysulfide Adsorption in Li-S Batteries." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-01, no. 5 (August 9, 2024): 741. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-015741mtgabs.
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Lithium-sulfur batteries (LSBs) show promise as next-generation batteries due to their high charge density and natural abundance of sulfur. Nevertheless, their commercialization faces challenges due to the polysulfide shuttle effect and the insulating nature of sulfur and discharge products. MXenes have recently emerged as a solution by providing conducting pathways and polar sites to trap lithium polysulfides (LiPSs). While previous studies have explored the potential of MXenes in various passive components, a quantitative investigation of polysulfides adsorbed on MXenes, a crucial factor in enhancing LSB performance, remains lacking. In this study, we systematically investigate LiPSs adsorbed on seven MXenes: Ti2CT x , Ti3C2T x , Ti3CN x , Mo2TiC2T x , V2CT x , Nb2CT x , and Nb4C3T x . We explore the influence of soaking time, polysulfide concentration, and MXene composition on polysulfide adsorbed. Our spectroscopic findings reveal the formation of thiosulfate and polythionate species upon polysulfide adsorption for all MXene compositions. Furthermore, our study reveals the specific preferences of sulfur and lithium adsorbed on the MXene surface, dependent on MXene chemistry, adding a new level of understanding to the field. We expect our work can serve as a general guiding principle for the rational selection of MXenes for various passive components in the development of high-performance LSBs.
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Otgonbayar, Zambaga, Sunhye Yang, Ick-Jun Kim, and Won-Chun Oh. "Recent Advances in Two-Dimensional MXene for Supercapacitor Applications: Progress, Challenges, and Perspectives." Nanomaterials 13, no. 5 (March 1, 2023): 919. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano13050919.
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MXene is a type of two-dimensional (2D) transition metal carbide and nitride, and its promising energy storage materials highlight its characteristics of high density, high metal-like conductivity, tunable terminals, and charge storage mechanisms known as pseudo-alternative capacitance. MXenes are a class of 2D materials synthesized by chemical etching of the A element in MAX phases. Since they were first discovered more than 10 years ago, the number of distinct MXenes has grown substantially to include numerous MnXn−1 (n = 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5), solid solutions (ordered and disordered), and vacancy solids. To date, MXenes used in energy storage system applications have been broadly synthesized, and this paper summarizes the current developments, successes, and challenges of using MXenes in supercapacitors. This paper also reports the synthesis approaches, various compositional issues, material and electrode topology, chemistry, and hybridization of MXene with other active materials. The present study also summarizes MXene’s electrochemical properties, applicability in pliant-structured electrodes, and energy storage capabilities when using aqueous/non-aqueous electrolytes. Finally, we conclude by discussing how to reshape the face of the latest MXene and what to consider when designing the next generation of MXene-based capacitors and supercapacitors.
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Dong, Tianyi, Ming Qi, Shuxia Ji, Kailin Liu, Peng Shi, and Chong Geng. "Effect of Ti3C2-MXene size on cell viability of human carcinoma cells." Micromaterials and Interfaces 2, no. 1 (July 23, 2024): 6307. http://dx.doi.org/10.59429/mi.v2i1.6307.
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MXene nanoflakes, a new type of transition metal carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides (named as MXene) have emerged as biocompatible transition metal structures, which illustrate desirable performance for various applications due to their unique physicochemical, and compositional virtues. MXenes are currently expanding their application from optical, chemical, electronic, and mechanical fields towards biomedical areas. In terms of biomedical applications, the biological toxicity of MXenes materials in different forms must be considered inevitably. In this paper, Ti3C2-MXene nanoflakes with different sizes have been prepared by means of wet etching method combined with powerful ultrasonication for exploring the effect in human breast carcinoma cells (MDA-MB-231 Cells) and human thyroid carcinoma cells (GLAG-66 Cells). Clinically representative MDA-MB-231 Cells and GLAG-66 Cells are selected as experimental subjects and their biotoxicities are characterized when exposed to Ti3C2-MXene nanoflakes with different sizes and concentrations. The results show that Ti3C2-MXene nanoflakes with sizes below 200 nm is almost non-toxic to MDA-MB-231 Cells and GLAG-66 Cells at low concentrations, and enhance their bioactivity and proliferation. When the nanoflake size is above 200 nm, Ti3C2-MXene has a significant inhibitory effect on the proliferation of the cells. This phenomenon may be due to the different roles of Ti3C2-MXene materials at different scales in cell proliferation as well as in complex physiological processes. This result is of great significance for material screening and design before biological experiments using Ti3C2-MXene.
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Jang, Jun-Hwee, and Eun-Jung Lee. "Influence of MXene Particles with a Stacked-Lamellar Structure on Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells." Materials 14, no. 16 (August 9, 2021): 4453. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14164453.
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MXenes with a two-dimensional (2D) structure have attracted attention as potential biomedical materials. In this study, Ti3C2 MXene particles with 2D-lamellar structures were intercalated and their potential as a biomaterial was evaluated using human mesenchymal stem cells. Intercalated MXene was characterized in terms of microstructure, phase composition, and size. Cell proliferation experiments with MXene particles confirmed that concentrations >50 μg/mL were cytotoxic, while concentrations <20 μg/mL promoted osteogenic differentiation. Moreover, MXene effectively facilitated the early and late osteogenic gene expression.
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Rashid, Bushra, Nanthini Sridewi, Ayaz Anwar, Syed Shahabbudin, and Aye Aye Mon. "A review on human cancer and potential role of MXenes in cancer therapy." E3S Web of Conferences 488 (2024): 03021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202448803021.
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Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide and is having a serious impact on the global economy. Various treatment modalities are in use to treat cancer but none of the techniques is risk-free. Recently, various nanomaterials such as gold, boron, and other compounds have been investigated for radiotherapy and as anti-cancer drug carriers with promising results. MXenes are 2D novel nanomaterials and their biomedical and anticancer properties are gaining interest due to their high biomedical activity, less bio-toxicity, and photo-responsive nature. However, the biological properties of MXense have not been studied extensively, therefore, limited data is published on its in-vitro and in-vivo anticancer activities, drug loading efficacy, targeted release, and on its photothermal therapy response. In this review, we have discussed the use of nanoparticles and MXenen nanomaterial in cancer therapy. Furthermore, the role of Mxene as a photothermal agent and drug carrier has also been emphasized, along with the present challenges for the use of nanomaterials in the treatment of cancer.
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Srivatsa, Shreyas, Waldemar Tokarz, Janusz Przewoźnik, Tomasz Strączek, Krzysztof Grabowski, Paweł Rutkowski, Tadeusz Uhl, et al. "Temperature Evolution of Composition, Thermal, Electrical and Magnetic Properties of Ti3C2Tx-MXene." Materials 17, no. 10 (May 8, 2024): 2199. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma17102199.
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MXenes are a family of two-dimensional nanomaterials. Titanium carbide MXene (Ti3C2Tx-MXene), reported in 2011, is the first inorganic compound reported among the MXene family. In the present work, we report on the study of the composition and various physical properties of Ti3C2Tx-MXene nanomaterial, as well as their temperature evolution, to consider MXenes for space applications. X-ray diffraction, thermal analysis and mass spectroscopy measurements confirmed the structure and terminating groups of the MXene surface, revealing a predominant single OH layer character. The temperature dependence of the specific heat shows a Debye-like character in the measured range of 2 K–300 K with a linear part below 10 K, characteristic of conduction electrons of metallic materials. The electron density of states (DOS) calculations for Ti3C2OH-MXene reveal a significant DOS value at the Fermi level, with a large slope, confirming its metallic character, which is consistent with the experimental findings. The temperature dependence of electrical resistivity of the MXene samples was tested for a wide temperature range (3 K–350 K) and shows a decrease on lowering temperature with an upturn at low temperatures, where negative magnetoresistance is observed. The magnetoresistance versus field is approximately linear and increases its magnitude with decreasing temperature. The magnetization curves are straight lines with temperature-independent positive slopes, indicating Pauli paramagnetism due to conduction electrons.
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Wu, Zhiyi, Jiahui Shen, Chaoran Li, Chengcheng Zhang, Chunpeng Wu, Zimu Li, Xingda An, and Le He. "Niche Applications of MXene Materials in Photothermal Catalysis." Chemistry 5, no. 1 (March 6, 2023): 492–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemistry5010036.
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MXene materials have found emerging applications as catalysts for chemical reactions due to their intriguing physical and chemical applications. In particular, their broad light response and strong photothermal conversion capabilities are likely to render MXenes promising candidates for photothermal catalysis, which is drawing increasing attention in both academic research and industrial applications. MXenes are likely to satisfy all three criteria of a desirable photothermal catalyst: strong light absorption, effective heat management, and versatile surface reactivity. However, their specific functionalities are largely dependent on their structure and composition, which makes understandings of the structure–function relationship of crucial significance. In this review, we mainly focus on the recent progress of MXene–based photothermal catalysts, emphasizing the functionalities and potential applications of MXene materials in fields of photothermal catalysis, and provide insights on design principles of highly efficient MXene–based photothermal catalysts from the atomic scale. This review provides a relatively thorough understanding of MXene–based materials for photothermal catalysis, as well as an in–depth investigation of emerging high-prospect applications in photothermal catalysis.
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Rajeev, Rijo, and Anitha Varghese. "High-Performance β-cyclodextrin-Ti3C2Tx MXene-Based Electrochemical Sensor for the Detection of Neurological Disorder Biomarker." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 171, no. 2 (February 1, 2024): 027504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ad2316.
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In this work, the β-cyclodextrin-MXene (β-CD-MXene) composite was employed as a modifier for carbon fiber paper (CFP) electrodes and quantification of L-methionine (L-Met). The β-CD-MXene composite was prepared by hydrothermal synthesis route by adding β-CD and Ti3C2Tx MXenes obtained via the Minimally intensive layer delamination technique. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV) were conducted to study the influence of scan rate and pH on the electrooxidation of L-Met studies using the β-CD-MXene/CFP electrode. The layered structure of the exfoliated Ti3C2Tx MXenes with charge transfer efficiency in combination with the host-guest interaction ability of β-CD enhances the electrooxidation of L-Met. The β-CD-MXene/CFP electrode showcased high sensitivity, reproducibility, and stability, and the anodic peak currents were in linearity with L-Met concentration within the range of 0.09–540 μM and LOD of 0.03 μM under various optimized conditions. In addition, the developed sensor showcases highly selective and non-interfering sensing of L-Met.
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Kosnan, Muhammad Akmal, Mohd Asyadi Azam, Nur Ezyanie Safie, Rose Farahiyan Munawar, and Akito Takasaki. "Recent Progress of Electrode Architecture for MXene/MoS2 Supercapacitor: Preparation Methods and Characterizations." Micromachines 13, no. 11 (October 27, 2022): 1837. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13111837.
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Since their discovery, MXenes have conferred various intriguing features because of their distinctive structures. Focus has been placed on using MXenes in electrochemical energy storage including a supercapacitor showing significant and promising development. However, like other 2D materials, MXene layers unavoidably experience stacking agglomeration because of its great van der Waals forces, which causes a significant loss of electrochemically active sites. With the help of MoS2, a better MXene-based electrodecan is planned to fabricate supercapacitors with the remarkable electrochemical performance. The synthesis of MXene/MoS2 and the ground effects of supercapacitors are currently being analysed by many researchers internationally. The performance of commercial supercapacitors might be improved via electrode architecture. This analysis will support the design of MXene and MoS2 hybrid electrodes for highly effective supercapacitors. Improved electrode capacitance, voltage window and energy density are discussed in this literature study. With a focus on the most recent electrochemical performance of both MXene and MoS2-based electrodes and devices, this review summarises recent developments in materials synthesis and its characterisation. It also helps to identify the difficulties and fresh possibilities MXenes MoS2 and its hybrid heterostructure in this developing field of energy storage. Future choices for constructing supercapacitors will benefit from this review. This review examines the newest developments in MXene/MoS2 supercapacitors, primarily focusing on compiling literature from 2017 through 2022. This review also presents an overview of the design (structures), recent developments, and challenges of the emerging electrode materials, with thoughts on how well such materials function electrochemically in supercapacitors.
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Abbasi, Fateme, Nasibeh Hajilary, and Mashallah Rezakazemi. "Antibacterial properties of MXene-based nanomaterials: A review." Materials Express 12, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 34–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/mex.2022.2138.
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MXenes are new two-dimensional (2D) nanoscale materials with strong hydrophobicity, flexibility, and remarkable mechanical strength. MXenes have attracted attention in a wide range of applications due to their unique electrical properties, magnetic properties, and catalytic properties, and ability to form diverse nanocomposites with a variety of materials including carbon nanotubes (CNTs), metal oxides, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), and organic polymers. MXene-based nanomaterials have demonstrated great potential in antibacterial processes owing to their excellent electrochemical performance, high surface area, and remarkable hydrophilicity. MXene nanomaterials are incredibly effective against a wide variety of bacteria and have undergone extensive research because of their strong bactericidal activities. In this paper, we review all types of MXenes, their different synthesis methods and then summarize the recent advances on antibacterial applications of MXenes under various conditions and bacterial load. This review intends to provide valuable insight and inspiration for the further development of effective and safe MXene-based nanomaterials with antibacterial properties.
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Perera, A. A. P. R., K. A. U. Madhushani, Buwanila T. Punchihewa, Anuj Kumar, and Ram K. Gupta. "MXene-Based Nanomaterials for Multifunctional Applications." Materials 16, no. 3 (January 29, 2023): 1138. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16031138.
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MXene is becoming a “rising star” material due to its versatility for a wide portfolio of applications, including electrochemical energy storage devices, electrocatalysis, sensors, biomedical applications, membranes, flexible and wearable devices, etc. As these applications promote increased interest in MXene research, summarizing the latest findings on this family of materials will help inform the scientific community. In this review, we first discuss the rapid evolutionary change in MXenes from the first reported M2XTx structure to the last reported M5X4Tx structure. The use of systematically modified synthesis routes, such as foreign atom intercalation, tuning precursor chemistry, etc., will be further discussed in the next section. Then, we review the applications of MXenes and their composites/hybrids for rapidly growing applications such as batteries, supercapacitors, electrocatalysts, sensors, biomedical, electromagnetic interference shielding, membranes, and flexible and wearable devices. More importantly, we notice that its excellent metallic conductivity with its hydrophilic nature distinguishes MXene from other materials, and its properties and applications can be further modified by surface functionalization. MXene composites/hybrids outperform pristine MXenes in many applications. In addition, a summary of the latest findings using MXene-based materials to overcome application-specific drawbacks is provided in the last few sections. We hope that the information provided in this review will help integrate lab-scale findings into commercially viable products.
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Mateen, Abdul, Mohd Zahid Ansari, Qasim Abbas, Ahmed Muneeb, Ahmad Hussain, Elsayed tag Eldin, Fatimah Mohammed Alzahrani, Norah Salem Alsaiari, Shafaqat Ali, and Muhammad Sufyan Javed. "In Situ Nitrogen Functionalization of 2D-Ti3C2Tx-MXenes for High-Performance Zn-Ion Supercapacitor." Molecules 27, no. 21 (November 2, 2022): 7446. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27217446.
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Zinc (Zn) ion supercapacitors (ZISCs) have attracted considerable attention as a viable energy storage technology because they are cost-effective, safe, and environmentally friendly. However, cathode materials with suitable properties are rare and need to be explored. In this regard, metal carbides (MXenes) are a good choice for capacitive energy storage, but they exhibit low capacitance. The energy storage performance of MXenes can be bossed using functionalization with heteroatom doping, e.g., nitrogen (N), to simultaneously modify ZISCs’ fundamental characteristics and electrochemical properties. Herein, we present an in-situ N-functionalization of Ti3C2Tx-MXene via a hydrothermal reaction with urea (denoted as N-Ti3C2Tx-MXene). N-functionalization into Ti3C2Tx-MXene raised Ti3C2Tx-MXene’s interlayer spacing and boosted the Zn-ion storage in 1 M ZnSO4 electrolyte. The N-Ti3C2Tx-MXene electrode delivered an excellent specific capacitance of 582.96 F/g at 1 A/g and retained an outstanding cycle stability of 94.62% after 5000 cycles at 10 A/g, which is 1.8 times higher than pristine Ti3C2Tx-MXene at identical conditions. Moreover, the N-Ti3C2Tx-MXene//Zn device demonstrated a maximum capacitance of 153.55 F/g at 1 A/g, retained 92% of its initial value after 5000 cycles, and its Coulombic efficiency was ~100%. This strategy considerably reduced Ti3C2Tx-MXene nanosheet restacking and aggregation and enhanced electrochemical performance. Further, this research elucidated N-Ti3C2Tx-MXene’s charge–storage process and offered a fresh approach to the rational design of novel electrode materials for ZISCs.
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Sun, Mingming, Wen Ye, Jingyao Zhang, and Kaining Zheng. "Structure, Properties, and Preparation of MXene and the Application of Its Composites in Supercapacitors." Inorganics 12, no. 4 (April 12, 2024): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/inorganics12040112.
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Two-dimensional transition metal carbides/nitrides (MXenes) are emerging members of the two-dimensional material family, obtained by removing the A layer of the MAX phase through methods such as liquid-phase etching. This article summarizes the structure and properties of MXenes, as well as several preparation methods, including etching with hydrofluoric acid and fluoride salts, alkali-based etching, electrochemical etching, Lewis acid molten salt etching, and direct synthesis. Due to their unique two-dimensional structure and surface chemistry, MXenes exhibit good metallic conductivity, hydrophilicity, excellent flexibility, and ion intercalation properties, showing great potential in the research and application of supercapacitors and attracting widespread attention. The combination of MXene with other types of materials, including polymers, metal hydroxides, metal oxides, and carbon materials, takes advantage of composites to improve energy storage performance and shows great potential in the research and application of supercapacitors. This article provides a detailed summary of MXene composite materials and capacitor performance and introduces the research progress of MXene materials in the field of supercapacitor energy storage applications, aiming to provide references for the preparation of high-performance MXene supercapacitor electrode materials.
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Sobolev, Kirill, Alexander Omelyanchik, Nikolai Shilov, Mikhail Gorshenkov, Nikolai Andreev, Antonio Comite, Sawssen Slimani, et al. "Iron Oxide Nanoparticle-Assisted Delamination of Ti3C2Tx MXenes: A New Approach to Produce Magnetic MXene-Based Composites." Nanomaterials 14, no. 1 (December 30, 2023): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano14010097.
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Ti3C2Tx MXene is one of the most comprehensively studied 2D materials in terms of its adsorptive, transport, and catalytic properties, cytotoxic performance, etc. Still, conventional MXene synthesis approaches provide low single-flake MXene yield and frequently uncontrollable properties, demanding further post-processing. The MXene family also lacks magnetism, which is helpful for producing effective nanoadsorbents as their magnetic decantation is the cheapest and most convenient way to remove the spent adsorbent from water. Composite materials consisting of magnetic nanoparticles grown on top of MXene flakes are commonly used to provide magnetic properties to the resulting nanocomposite. In this paper, we study the possibility to delaminate multilayer Ti3C2Tx MXene sheets directly by growing iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles inside their interlayer spacing. We find out that, with a mass fraction of particles comparable or exceeding that of MXenes, their growth is accompanied by an effective enhancement of single-layer MXene yield and suitable magnetic properties of the resulting composite. The developed approach can be further used for simplifying synthesis protocols to obtain magnetic MXene-based nanoadsorbents with tunable properties.
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Gao, X. Y., P. Lu, Z. M. Xu, and G. G. Tang. "Synthesis and tribological properties of MXene/TiO2/MoS2 nanocomposite." Chalcogenide Letters 19, no. 8 (September 5, 2022): 513–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.15251/cl.2022.198.513.
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In this work, novel MXene/TiO2/MoS2 heterojunction of flower-like MoS2 decorated sheet-like MXenes were successfully fabricated by one-step hydrothermal approach using TiO2 as the precursor, and systematically investigated by a series of characterizations (e.g. XRD, Raman, SEM, and TEM analysis). Furthermore, the tribological behaviour of MXene/TiO2/MoS2 heterojunction in liquid paraffin were extensively examined a ball-on-disk tribometer. The effects of applied load and rotational speed were also investigated. Compared with MXenes/MoS2 nanocomposites, three-phase MXene/TiO2/MoS2 achieved better friction properties. Especially, when the mass ratio of MTM in base oil is 3wt%, the friction coefficient reaches the minimum value of 0.09. Additionally, the construction and excellent tribological properties of MXene/TiO2/MoS2 heterojunction would be beneficial for the design of novel nano-additives with 2D/2D structure for enhancing friction reduction and anti-wear, which also would expand their actual applications in the industry and agriculture
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Ibrahim, Yassmin, Amal Kassab, Kamel Eid, Aboubakr M. Abdullah, Kenneth I. Ozoemena, and Ahmed Elzatahry. "Unveiling Fabrication and Environmental Remediation of MXene-Based Nanoarchitectures in Toxic Metals Removal from Wastewater: Strategy and Mechanism." Nanomaterials 10, no. 5 (May 4, 2020): 885. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10050885.
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Efficient approaches for toxic metal removal from wastewater have had transformative impacts to mitigating freshwater scarcity. Adsorption is among the most promising purification techniques due to its simplicity, low cost, and high removal efficiency at ambient conditions. MXene-based nanoarchitectures emerged as promising adsorbents in a plethora of toxic metal removal applications. This was due to the unique hydrophilicity, high surface area, activated metallic hydroxide sites, electron-richness, and massive adsorption capacity of MXene. Given the continual progress in the rational design of MXene nanostructures for water treatment, timely updates on this field are required that deeply emphasize toxic metal removal, including fabrication routes and characterization strategies of the merits, advantages, and limitations of MXenes for the adsorption of toxic metals (i.e., Pb, Cu, Zn, and Cr). This is in addition to the fundamentals and the adsorption mechanism tailored by the shape and composition of MXene based on some representative paradigms. Finally, the limitations of MXenes and their potential future research perspectives for wastewater treatment are also discussed. This review may trigger scientists to develop novel MXene-based nanoarchitectures with well-defined shapes, compositions, and physiochemical merits for efficient, practical removal of toxic metals from wastewater.
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Aleksandrova, Mariya, Nikolay Kurtev, and Ivailo Pandiev. "Effect of MXene Nanosheet Sticking on Supercapacitor Device Performance." Applied Sciences 14, no. 6 (March 14, 2024): 2452. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14062452.
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Supercapacitors have garnered significant interest in recent years due to their high power density, rapid charge/discharge rates, and long cycle life. MXenes, a family of two-dimensional (2D) transition metal carbides/nitrides, have emerged as promising electrode materials for supercapacitors. However, one major challenge associated with incorporating MXenes in supercapacitor structures is the occurrence of sticking, wherein individual MXene flakes agglomerate, leading to reduced electrode performance. This review paper discusses various causes of sticking and approaches to preventing it, offering insights into the design and development of high-performance MXene-based supercapacitors. The morphology and size of MXene flakes, flake surface chemistry, thickness, surface area/volume ratio, electrode processing techniques (including solvent selection, additives incorporation, and deposition technology), and environmental factors were shown to be the basic factors resulting in sticking of MXene sheets. Among the strategies to mitigate this challenge, surface functionalization and passivation, integration with polymer matrices or carbon nanomaterials, and electrode processing optimization were considered. Possible paths for optimization and future directions of study, such as novel MXene compositions, understanding of interfaces and electrode–electrolyte interactions, development of advanced electrode architectures, and integration of energy storage systems, were assumed.
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Amrillah, Tahta, Che Azurahanim Che Abdullah, Angga Hermawan, Fitri Nur Indah Sari, and Vani Novita Alvani. "Towards Greener and More Sustainable Synthesis of MXenes: A Review." Nanomaterials 12, no. 23 (December 1, 2022): 4280. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12234280.
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The unique properties of MXenes have been deemed to be of significant interest in various emerging applications. However, MXenes provide a major drawback involving environmentally harmful and toxic substances for its general fabrication in large-scale production and employing a high-temperature solid-state reaction followed by selective etching. Meanwhile, how MXenes are synthesized is essential in directing their end uses. Therefore, making strategic approaches to synthesize greener, safer, more sustainable, and more environmentally friendly MXenes is imperative to commercialize at a competitive price. With increasing reports of green synthesis that promote advanced technologies and non-toxic agents, it is critical to compile, summarize, and synthesize the latest development of the green-related technology of MXenes. We review the recent progress of greener, safer, and more sustainable MXene synthesis with a focus on the fundamental synthetic process, the mechanism, and the general advantages, and the emphasis on the MXene properties inherited from such green synthesis techniques. The emerging use of the so-called green MXenes in energy conversion and storage, environmental remediation, and biomedical applications is presented. Finally, the remaining challenges and prospects of greener MXene synthesis are discussed.
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Scheibe, Błażej, Vojtech Kupka, Barbara Peplińska, Marcin Jarek, and Krzysztof Tadyszak. "The Influence of Oxygen Concentration during MAX Phases (Ti3AlC2) Preparation on the α-Al2O3 Microparticles Content and Specific Surface Area of Multilayered MXenes (Ti3C2Tx)." Materials 12, no. 3 (January 23, 2019): 353. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12030353.
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The high specific surface area of multilayered two-dimensional carbides called MXenes, is a critical feature for their use in energy storage systems, especially supercapacitors. Therefore, the possibility of controlling this parameter is highly desired. This work presents the results of the influence of oxygen concentration during Ti3AlC2 ternary carbide—MAX phase preparation on α-Al2O3 particles content, and thus the porosity and specific surface area of the Ti3C2Tx MXenes. In this research, three different Ti3AlC2 samples were prepared, based on TiC-Ti2AlC powder mixtures, which were conditioned and cold pressed in argon, air and oxygen filled glove-boxes. As-prepared pellets were sintered, ground, sieved and etched using hydrofluoric acid. The MAX phase and MXene samples were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The influence of the oxygen concentration on the MXene structures was confirmed by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area determination. It was found that oxygen concentration plays an important role in the formation of α-Al2O3 inclusions between MAX phase layers. The mortar grinding of the MAX phase powder and subsequent MXene fabrication process released the α-Al2O3 impurities, which led to the formation of the porous MXene structures. However, some non-porous α-Al2O3 particles remained inside the MXene structures. Those particles were found ingrown and irremovable, and thus decreased the MXene specific surface area.
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Kulkarni, Sanjay, Soji Soman, Prerana D. Navti, Amrita Arup Roy, Ajinkya Nitin Nikam, P. Vineeth, Jahnavi Kulkarni, et al. "Nano-Innovations in Cancer Therapy: The Unparalleled Potential of MXene Conjugates." Materials 17, no. 6 (March 20, 2024): 1423. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma17061423.
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MXenes are two-dimensional transition metal carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides that have become important materials in nanotechnology because of their remarkable mechanical, electrical, and thermal characteristics. This review emphasizes how crucial MXene conjugates are for several biomedical applications, especially in the field of cancer. These two-dimensional (2D) nanoconjugates with photothermal, chemotherapeutic, and photodynamic activities have demonstrated promise for highly effective and noninvasive anticancer therapy. MXene conjugates, with their distinctive optical capabilities, have been employed for bioimaging and biosensing, and their excellent light-to-heat conversion efficiency makes them perfect biocompatible and notably proficient nanoscale agents for photothermal applications. The synthesis and characterization of MXenes provide a framework for an in-depth understanding of various fabrication techniques and their importance in the customized formation of MXene conjugates. The following sections explore MXene-based conjugates for nanotheranostics and demonstrate their enormous potential for biomedical applications. Nanoconjugates, such as polymers, metals, graphene, hydrogels, biomimetics, quantum dots, and radio conjugates, exhibit unique properties that can be used for various therapeutic and diagnostic applications in the field of cancer nanotheranostics. An additional layer of understanding into the safety concerns of MXene nanoconjugates is provided by detailing their toxicity viewpoints. Furthermore, the review concludes by addressing the opportunities and challenges in the clinical translation of MXene-based nanoconjugates, emphasizing their potential in real-world medical practices.
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Nahirniak, Svitlana, Apurba Ray, and Bilge Saruhan. "Challenges and Future Prospects of the MXene-Based Materials for Energy Storage Applications." Batteries 9, no. 2 (February 10, 2023): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/batteries9020126.
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In the past decade, MXenes, a new class of advanced functional 2D nanomaterials, have emerged among numerous types of electrode materials for electrochemical energy storage devices. MXene and their composites have opened up an interesting new opportunity in the field of functional materials, owing to their transition metal nitrides/carbides/carbonitride-based unique layered structures, higher electrical and thermal conductivity, higher charge carrier mobility, high negative zeta-potential, high mechanical properties, tunable bandgap, superior hydrophilicity, metallic nature and rich surface chemistry, which enhance the number of metal active redox sites on the surface and short ion diffusion path. However, in the case of electrochemical energy storage applications, the unavoidable problem of aggregation and nanosheet restacking significantly reduces the accessibility of the active surface sites of MXene materials for electrolyte ions. Currently, there is a number of research efforts devoted to solutions in order to avoid these deficits. This Review complies extensively with the recent advances in the application of MXene-based materials in the energy storage devices such as batteries and supercapacitors. Particular attention is paid to the understanding of the relation of MXenes chemical composition, and morphology with their electrochemical performances. Moreover, the challenges of MXenes and MXene-based composited for the commercial application are considered and the ways to overcome their drawbacks are provided. Finally, opportunities given with MXenes for future research on novel energy storage materials are highlighted.
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Parajuli, D., N. Murali, Devendra K. C., Bhishma Karki, K. Samatha, Allison A. Kim, Mira Park, and Bishweshwar Pant. "Advancements in MXene-Polymer Nanocomposites in Energy Storage and Biomedical Applications." Polymers 14, no. 16 (August 22, 2022): 3433. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14163433.
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MXenes are 2D ceramic materials, especially carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides derived from their parent ‘MAX’ phases by the etching out of ‘A’ and are famous due to their conducting, hydrophilic, biocompatible, and tunable properties. However, they are hardly stable in the outer environment, have low biodegradability, and have difficulty in drug release, etc., which are overcome by MXene/Polymer nanocomposites. The MXenes terminations on MXene transferred to the polymer after composite formation makes it more functional. With this, there is an increment in photothermal conversion efficiency for cancer therapy, higher antibacterial activity, biosensors, selectivity, bone regeneration, etc. The hydrophilic surfaces become conducting in the metallic range after the composite formation. MXenes can effectively be mixed with other materials like ceramics, metals, and polymers in the form of nanocomposites to get improved properties suitable for advanced applications. In this paper, we review different properties like electrical and mechanical, including capacitances, dielectric losses, etc., of nanocomposites more than those like Ti3C2Tx/polymer, Ti3C2/UHMWPE, MXene/PVA-KOH, Ti3C2Tx/PVA, etc. along with their applications mainly in energy storing and biomedical fields. Further, we have tried to enlist the MXene-based nanocomposites and compare them with conducting polymers and other nanocomposites. The performance under the NIR absorption seems more effective. The MXene-based nanocomposites are more significant in most cases than other nanocomposites for the antimicrobial agent, anticancer activity, drug delivery, bio-imaging, biosensors, micro-supercapacitors, etc. The limitations of the nanocomposites, along with possible solutions, are mentioned.
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Nazamdin, Muhamad Kamil, Azmah Hanim Mohamed Ariff, Rahman Saidur, Norulsamani Abdullah, Kim Han Tan, and Nuraini Abdul Aziz. "Investigation of the Electrochemical Performance of Titanium-Based MXene Hybridisation with Rice Husk Ash (RHA) as an Anode Catalyst Support Material." Metals 13, no. 2 (February 4, 2023): 318. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met13020318.
Full textAbstract:
MXenes possess unique features that are useful for broader industrial development. However, although many different compositions of MXenes have been discovered, little research has been conducted on the optimal synthesis strategy for producing the best MXenes yield. Therefore, substantial work is performed on the synthesis’ structure and property relationship for direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) applications since MXenes have been successfully hybridised with rice husk ash (RHA). In this study, to produce titanium-based MXene, Ti3C2 nanopowders are added to the rice husk ash matrix to synthesise hybrid RHA/MXene composites (R-MX). Using different weight percentages of MXene hybridised with rice husk ash (2 wt. % R-MX, 4 wt. % R-MX and 6 wt. % R-MX), different electrochemical properties are obtained. Meanwhile, electrochemical analysis is undertaken to investigate the methanol oxidation performance using Linear Sweep Voltammetry (LSV). The highest percentage of the R-MX hybrid composite, 6 wt. % MXene, showed the lowest Tafel slope (148 mV/dec) and the highest ionic exchange current density in the same Tafel analysis. Moreover, the incorporation of MXene into RHA produced good results from the chronoamperometry analysis (CA), with the highest percentage of the hybrid composite, R-6MX, showing the highest retention rate of 97.28%. Meanwhile, the Nyquist plot analysis showed an increasing semicircle arc diameter at the lower-frequency region, implying a lower interfacial charge resistance upon the addition of MXene into RHA. This outcome corresponded to the CA and LSV analysis findings, R-6MX showed a remarkable performance in terms of having the highest peak current density of 0.9454 mA/cm2 and retention rate of 97.28%. Both of these values show that hybrid R-6MX was able to maintain a high current for the entire duration. The current is maintained in a stable form for some time, proving that R-6MX was the most stable, with a minimal corrosion reaction and tolerance in a methanol medium. The results from this study enabled an evaluation of the possibility of utilising low-cost, green RHA material for fuel cell applications to promote sustainability. The novelty of this work is that a cheap source of silica-based RHA, a type of waste material, is incorporated with MXene through hybridisation processes.
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Ramachandran, Tholkappiyan, Abdel-Hamid Ismail Mourad, and Mostafa S. A. ElSayed. "Nb2CTx-Based MXenes Most Recent Developments: From Principles to New Applications." Energies 16, no. 8 (April 18, 2023): 3520. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16083520.
Full textAbstract:
MXenes are progressively evolving two-dimensional (2D) materials with an expanding wide range of applications in the field of energy storage. They rank among the best electrode materials for cutting-edge energy storage systems. Energy storage device performance is greatly enhanced by MXenes and their composite materials. As technology has improved over the last several decades, the demand for high-capacity energy storage devices that are versatile, sturdy, and have cheap production costs has increased. MXene, which is based on Nb2CTx, is the most current material to emerge for energy storage applications. Nb2CTx MXene is now the most sought-after material in the 2D family due to its flexibility, high conductivity, superior electrochemical nature, superior hydrophilicity, tunable surface functional groups, great mechanical properties, and 2D layered structure. Examples include gas and biosensors, water splitting, water purification, antimicrobial coatings, electromagnetic interference shielding, and transparent electrical conductors. Because of the distinctive properties of Nb2CTx MXene, scientists are working on further theoretical and experimental enhancements. The objective of this work is to deliver an outline of current breakthroughs in Nb2CTx MXene for the construction of robust, flexible, and highly effective electrochemical energy storage devices powered by supercapacitors. Deep research has been conducted on the structure of Nb2CTx MXene, as well as on different synthesis techniques and their distinctive properties. The emphasis has also been placed on how various aspects, such as electrode architecture design, electrolyte composition, and so on, influence the charge storage device and electrochemical efficiency of Nb2CTx MXene-based supercapacitors. This article also discusses the most recent advancements in Nb2CTx MXene composite-based supercapacitors.
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Raja Sulaiman, Raja Rafidah, Abdul Hanan, Wai Yin Wong, Rozan Mohamad Yunus, Kee Shyuan Loh, Rashmi Walvekar, Vishal Chaudhary, and Mohammad Khalid. "Structurally Modified MXenes-Based Catalysts for Application in Hydrogen Evolution Reaction: A Review." Catalysts 12, no. 12 (December 4, 2022): 1576. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal12121576.
Full textAbstract:
Green hydrogen production via electrocatalytic water splitting paves the way for renewable, clean, and sustainable hydrogen (H2) generation. H2 gas is produced from the cathodic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), where the reaction is catalyzed primarily from Pt-based catalysts under both acidic and alkaline environments. Lowering the loading of Pt and the search for alternative active catalysts for HER is still an ongoing challenge. Two-dimensional MXenes are effective supports to stabilize and homogenously distribute HER-active electrocatalysts to boost the HER performance. Factors involved in the effectiveness of MXenes for their role in HER include transition metal types and termination groups. Recently, tailoring the conditions during the synthesis of MXenes has made it possible to tune the morphology of MXenes from multilayers to few layers (delaminated), formation of porous MXenes, and those with unique crumpled and rolled structures. Changing the morphology of MXenes alters the surface area, exposed active sites and accessibility of electrolyte materials/ions to these active sites. This review provides insight into the effects of varying morphology of MXenes towards the electrocatalytic HER activity of the MXene itself and MXene composites/hybrids with HER-active catalysts. Synthesis methods to obtain the different MXene morphologies are also summarized.
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Shi, Zhe, Rasoul Khaledialidusti, Massoud Malaki, and Han Zhang. "MXene-Based Materials for Solar Cell Applications." Nanomaterials 11, no. 12 (November 23, 2021): 3170. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11123170.
Full textAbstract:
MXenes are a class of two-dimensional nanomaterials with exceptional tailor-made properties, making them promising candidates for a wide variety of critical applications from energy systems, optics, electromagnetic interference shielding to those advanced sensors, and medical devices. Owing to its mechano-ceramic nature, MXenes have superior thermal, mechanical, and electrical properties. Recently, MXene-based materials are being extensively explored for solar cell applications wherein materials with superior sustainability, performance, and efficiency have been developed in demand to reduce the manufacturing cost of the present solar cell materials as well as enhance the productivity, efficiency, and performance of the MXene-based materials for solar energy harvesting. It is aimed in this review to study those MXenes employed in solar technologies, and in terms of the layout of the current paper, those 2D materials candidates used in solar cell applications are briefly reviewed and discussed, and then the fabrication methods are introduced. The key synthesis methods of MXenes, as well as the electrical, optical, and thermoelectric properties, are explained before those research efforts studying MXenes in solar cell materials are comprehensively discussed. It is believed that the use of MXene in solar technologies is in its infancy stage and many research efforts are yet to be performed on the current pitfalls to fill the existing voids.
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John, Riya Alice B., Karthikeyan Vijayan, Ni Luh Wulan Septiani, Andri Hardiansyah, A. Ruban Kumar, Brian Yuliarto, and Angga Hermawan. "Gas-Sensing Mechanisms and Performances of MXenes and MXene-Based Heterostructures." Sensors 23, no. 21 (October 24, 2023): 8674. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23218674.
Full textAbstract:
MXenes are a class of 2D transition-metal carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides with exceptional properties, including substantial electrical and thermal conductivities, outstanding mechanical strength, and a considerable surface area, rendering them an appealing choice for gas sensors. This manuscript provides a comprehensive analysis of heterostructures based on MXenes employed in gas-sensing applications and focuses on addressing the limited understanding of the sensor mechanisms of MXene-based heterostructures while highlighting their potential to enhance gas-sensing performance. The manuscript begins with a broad overview of gas-sensing mechanisms in both pristine materials and MXene-based heterostructures. Subsequently, it explores various features of MXene-based heterostructures, including their composites with other materials and their prospects for gas-sensing applications. Additionally, the manuscript evaluates different engineering strategies for MXenes and compares their advantages to other materials while discussing the limitations of current state-of-the-art sensors. Ultimately, this review seeks to foster collaboration and knowledge exchange within the field, facilitating the development of high-performance gas sensors based on MXenes.
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Shevchuk, Kateryna, Kyle Matthews, Ruocun (John) Wang, and Yury Gogotsi. "In Situ Electrochemical Raman Spectroscopy of MXenes in Confined Electrolytes." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-02, no. 55 (December 22, 2023): 2668. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-02552668mtgabs.
Full textAbstract:
MXenes, a large family of two-dimensional materials, have attracted interest due to their large chemistry space and diverse chemical, electrical, mechanical, and optical properties. MXenes follow the general formula Mn+1XnT x (n = 1-4) with M representing an early transition metal, X—carbon and/or nitrogen, and T—surface terminations (=O, –OH, and –F). In particular, MXenes’ metallic conductivities and redox-active surfaces make them attractive for electrochemical energy storage. Like with many other 2D materials, Raman spectroscopy has proven to be a crucial tool for MXene characterization. More recently, in situ Raman was used to elucidate structural changes in MXene electrodes during electrochemical cycling with a subset of aqueous electrolytes. Confined electrolytes (water-in-salt, PEG, etc.) have shown promise in various electrochemical systems, with recent results pointing to new charge storage mechanisms in MXenes. Further exploration is needed to understand the effect of the cations, anions, and concentrations of confined electrolytes on charge storage mechanisms. This work focuses on using in situ electrochemical Raman spectroscopy to analyze different confined electrolyte systems in MXene cells. The findings demonstrate the potential of using MXenes in aqueous electrochemical devices.
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Li, Yanqi, Xianhe Huang, Qiao Chen, Yao Yao, and Wei Pan. "Nanochitin/MXene Composite Coated on Quartz Crystal Microbalance for Humidity Sensing." Nanomaterials 13, no. 24 (December 14, 2023): 3135. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano13243135.
Full textAbstract:
MXenes, as a typical graphene-like material, excels in the realm of humidity sensing owing to its two-dimensional layer structure, high electrical conductivity, tunable chemical properties, hydrophilicity, and large specific surface area. This study proposed a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) humidity sensor using a nanochitin/Ti3C2Tx MXene composite as a humidity-sensing material. The morphology, nanostructure, and elemental composition of nanochitin, Ti3C2Tx MXene, and nanochitin/Ti3C2Tx MXene composite materials were characterized using transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. Compared to the pure Ti3C2Tx MXene-coated QCM humidity sensor, the nanochitin/Ti3C2Tx MXene-coated QCM humidity sensor exhibited a higher sensitivity (20.54 Hz/%RH) in the humidity range of 11.3% to 97.3%. The nanochitin/Ti3C2Tx Mxene-coated QCM humidity sensor also demonstrated low humidity hysteresis (2.12%RH), very fast response/recovery times (4.4/4.1 s), a high quality factor (37 k), and excellent repeatability and sustained stability over time. Eventually, a bimodal exponential kinetics adsorption model was utilized for the analysis of the response mechanism of the nanochitin/Ti3C2Tx MXene composite material-based QCM humidity sensor. This study provides new ideas for optimizing the moisture-sensitive performance of MXene-based QCM humidity sensors.