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Journal articles on the topic 'Mycelial mats'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 7 June 2025

Last updated: 2 August 2025

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1

Raman, Jegadeesh, Da-Song Kim, Hyun-Seok Kim, Deuk-Sil Oh, and Hyun-Jae Shin. "Mycofabrication of Mycelium-Based Leather from Brown-Rot Fungi." Journal of Fungi 8, no. 3 (2022): 317. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof8030317.

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Sustainable substitutes for leather can be made from mushroom mycelium, which is an environmentally friendly alternative to animal and synthetic leather. Mycelium-based leather is derived from Polyporales, in which lignocellulosic material is used as the substrate. The plasticizing and crosslinking of mycelial mats with various reagents might affect the leather properties and mycelial architecture. This study investigated the physicochemical and mechanical properties of mycelium-based leather (MBL) samples, including the hygroscopic nature, thermal stability, cell wall chemistry, density, micr

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2

Cartabia, Marco, Carolina Elena Girometta, Chiara Milanese, et al. "Collection and Characterization of Wood Decay Fungal Strains for Developing Pure Mycelium Mats." Journal of Fungi 7, no. 12 (2021): 1008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof7121008.

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Wood decay fungi (WDF) seem to be particularly suitable for developing myco-materials due to their mycelial texture, ease of cultivation, and lack of sporification. This study focused on a collection of WDF strains that were later used to develop mycelium mats of leather-like materials. Twenty-one WDF strains were chosen based on the color, homogeneity, and consistency of the mycelia. The growth rate of each strain was measured. To improve the consistency and thickness of the mats, an exclusive method (newly patented) was developed. The obtained materials and the corresponding pure mycelia gro

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3

Trabelsi, Marah, Al Mamun, Michaela Klöcker, et al. "Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofiber mats for mushroom mycelium growth investigations and formation of mycelium-reinforced nanocomposites." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 16 (January 2021): 155892502110379. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15589250211037982.

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Mycelium-bound composites are new environmentally friendly, cost-effective and sustainable materials, enable energy-saving bio-composite fabrication, and provide an alternative to synthetic materials. Current research on mycelium-based composites reports on relatively coarse material compositions such as rice husks, cotton residues, sawdust, leaves and bio-waste, etc. According to research, very few publications report on mycelium-reinforced composites with the use of nanomaterials and this topic is under-researched and this study helps to fill this gap. The focus of this study deals with the

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4

Boasson, Rosalinda, and Michael Shaw. "The effects of CO2 and membranes on sporulation in axenic cultures of flax rust." Canadian Journal of Botany 63, no. 8 (1985): 1418–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b85-196.

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Uredospore production by axenically grown flax rust (Melampsora lini (Ehrenb.) Lev.) was measured as carotenoids (extinction units at 458 nm) per milligram protein. Sporulation was not affected by raising (flushing with 1–5% (v/v) CO2 in air) or lowering (KOH well in culture flasks) the level of CO2 in the air space above the cultures. Significant (two- to four-fold) increases in sporulation occurred beneath impermeable membranes of Parafilm or Saran wrap placed on the surface of young (3 weeks from seeding) mycelial mats for 2 weeks. The stimulatory effect was confined strictly to those areas

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Chandler, M. A., V. A. Fritz, F. L. Pfleger, and R. R. Allmaras. "488 Effect of Oat Extract on Pea Root Rot Pathogen Aphanomyces euteiches." HortScience 34, no. 3 (1999): 529B—529. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.34.3.529b.

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Pea root rot is a serious economic threat to pea production in the Great Lakes region. The primary causal organism is Aphanomyces euteiches Drechs., which is responsible for an estimated 10% annual crop loss. A fall oat (Avena sativa) rotation before spring pea planting reduces disease severity. To better understand the beneficial effect of oat on A. euteiches, isolated individual pathogen lifecycle stages of zoospores, mycelium, and oospores were treated in culture with oat extract. Resulting mycelial mats were dried and weighed. Treatment with 90%, 70%, 50%, and 30% oat extract resulted in s

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6

Purdy, L. H. "Basidiocarp Development on Mycelial Mats of Crinipellis perniciosa." Plant Disease 74, no. 7 (1990): 493. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pd-74-0493.

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7

Ha, Jeong-Seok, In-Kyu Song, Seung-Han Kim, and Ji-Won Kim. "Brown Felt on Persimmon (Diospyros kaki) Caused by Septobasidium sp. in Korea." Research in Plant Disease 27, no. 2 (2021): 66–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5423/rpd.2021.27.2.66.

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In 2020, a brown felt was observed on persimmon (Diospyros kaki) in persimmon orchards, Sangju, Korea. The symptom on persimmon was white to grey mycelial mats on some areas of the branches. Each mat progressively expanded until the mats coalesced to occupy larger areas and finally girdled the branches. The disease branches were covered with brown-colored mold, consisting of hyphal mats of the pathogen. Optimum temperature for mycelial growth was 30oC. On the basis of mycological characteristics, pathogenicity test, and molecular analysis with complete internal transcribed spacer rDNA region,

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8

Balaeș, Tiberius, Bianca-Mihaela Radu, and Cătălin Tănase. "Mycelium-Composite Materials—A Promising Alternative to Plastics?" Journal of Fungi 9, no. 2 (2023): 210. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof9020210.

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Plastic waste inefficiently recycled poses a major environmental concern attracting attention from both civil society and decision makers. Counteracting the phenomenon is an important challenge today. New possibilities are being explored to find alternatives to plastics, and one of them refers to mycelium-composite materials (MCM). Our study aimed at investigating the possibility of using wood and litter inhabiting basidiomycetes, an underexplored group of fungi that grow fast and create strong mycelial mats, to produce biodegradable materials with valuable properties, using cheap by-products

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9

Magyar, Donát, András Tartally, and Zsolt Merényi. "Hagnosa longicapillata, gen. nov., sp. nov., a New Sordariaceous ascomycete in the Indoor Environment, and the Proposal of Hagnosaceae fam. nov." Pathogens 11, no. 5 (2022): 593. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11050593.

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Hagnosa longicapillata, gen. nov., sp. nov, is described and illustrated from wooden building materials collected in Hungary and from pure culture. This species has been collected exclusively from indoor environments, where it was quite common. The ascocarps develop in a thick layer of brown, woolly mats of mycelia. The ostiolar region of the perithecia is ornamented with a five-lobed, flower-shaped crown. Asci are four-spored; ascospores are dark brown, smooth, muriform, not constricted at the septa, and liberated mostly through crackings of the thin ascomatal wall. Apparently, ascospores are

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10

Tabata, Masanobu, Yoshihisa Suyama, and Yasuhisa Abe. "Distribution of Genets of Perenniporia subacida in Stands of Chamaecyparis obtusa (Japanese Cypress) Determined by AFLP Fingerprints and Somatic Incompatibility." Plant Disease 93, no. 8 (2009): 826–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-93-8-0826.

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The clonal structure of Perenniporia subacida, a wood-rotting basidiomycete, was studied in a 30-year-old stand (site A; 1 ha) and a 43-year-old stand (site B; 0.5 ha) of Chamaecyparis obtusa in northern Kagawa Prefecture, Japan. A total of 110 isolates from decayed trees, stumps, wooden fences, logs, and mycelial mats were analyzed by amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and somatic incompatibility test (SIT). The results of AFLP, which agreed with those of SIT, revealed that the P. subacida population consisted of at least 17 genets at site A and 6 genets at site B. Individual genet

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11

Blanchette, Robert A., Deborah Tear Haynes, Benjamin W. Held, Jonas Niemann, and Nathan Wales. "Fungal mycelial mats used as textile by indigenous people of North America." Mycologia 113, no. 2 (2021): 261–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00275514.2020.1858686.

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12

Palanisamy, Sivasubramanian, Thulasi Mani Murugesan, Murugesan Palaniappan, Carlo Santulli, and Nadir Ayrilmis. "Use of hemp waste for the development of mycelium-grown matrix biocomposites: A concise bibliographic review." BioResources 18, no. 4 (2023): 8771–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.18.4.palanisamy.

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Mycelium from fungi can serve as the matrix or as a self-grown binder in a biocomposite. The reinforcing component may consist of various combinations of agro-based waste in short fiber or powder form. The complexity of their development is linked not only to the selection of the substrate, but also to the growth conditions of the mycelial material and its consolidation in a final form by the temperature increase that takes place. These materials have initially been proposed as a replacement for polystyrene foams, and the characterization is concentrated on compression performance and acoustic

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13

Kora, C., G. J. Boland, and M. R. McDonald. "First Report of Foliar and Root Infection of Carrot by Sclerotinia minor in Ontario, Canada." Plant Disease 86, no. 12 (2002): 1406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2002.86.12.1406b.

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In 2000 and 2001, commercial carrots (Daucus carota L.) cv. Cellobunch grown in organic soils in Ontario, Canada, developed water-soaked, dark olive-green lesions on leaves that were in contact with soil. Lesions spread rapidly to petioles and adjacent leaves when prolonged moist conditions occurred within the canopy and persisted through harvest. A soft rot lesion was observed on the crown of one carrot root in the field, but no disease symptoms were detected on carrot samples in cold storage. Symptoms on leaves and roots of carrots were similar to sclerotinia rot caused by Sclerotinia sclero

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14

Pethybridge, Sarah J., Sandeep Sharma, Alex Silva, et al. "Southern Sclerotium Root Rot Caused byAthelia rolfsiion Table Beet in New York." Plant Health Progress 20, no. 1 (2019): 4–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/php-07-18-0037-br.

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Southern Sclerotium root rot caused by Athelia rolfsii (syn. Sclerotium rolfsii) is a damaging soilborne disease of field and specialty crops. In 2015, 2016, and 2017, wilted plants, root rot, and decay in six table beet (Beta vulgaris spp. vulgaris) fields across New York were observed. In these outbreaks, losses ranged between 5 and 25%. White mycelial mats and golden brown sclerotia (1 to 2 mm diameter) were observed on diseased plants and decayed roots. The objective of this study was to identify the fungus associated with these symptoms and assess pathogenicity in table beet.

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15

Yang, Y. L., J. Turner, J. Stephens, R. E. Campbell, and M. Walter. "Comparison of in vitro and in planta sporogenesis in Neofusicoccum species from blueberry." New Zealand Plant Protection 70 (July 24, 2017): 203–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2017.70.51.

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Stem diseases are an economically important problem in the production of blueberry (Vaccinium spp.). The diseases cause significant crop loss, including the death of entire bushes. Resistance phenotyping assays require large numbers of conidia. A fast and reliable in vitro method to mass produce viable and pathogenic Neofusicoccum spores would be more suitable than the current in planta methods. Two strains each of N. parvum and N. ribis were used to develop a new in vitro method, which involved interrupting mycelial mats produced on agar plates, with wet and dry cycles. Spores were generated

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16

Kwon, J. H., Y. H. Lee, H. S. Shim, and J. Kim. "First Report of Root Rot Caused by Sclerotium rolfsii on Daucus carota var. sativa in Southern Korea." Plant Disease 95, no. 12 (2011): 1585. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-03-11-0233.

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Carrot (Daucus carota var. sativa DC.), an important root vegetable, is cultivated widely because of its dietary fiber and beta carotene. In June 2009 and June 2010, a disease suspected as root rot of carrot caused by Sclerotium rolfsii occurred in a 5-ha field in Jinju, Korea. Early symptoms consisted of water-soaked lesions on root and lower stem tissue near the soil line. Infected plants gradually withered and white mycelial mats appeared on the surface of roots. Numerous sclerotia were often produced on stem and root surfaces in contact with the soil. The heavily infected carrots became ro

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17

Timper, Patricia, Robert D. Riggs, and Devany L. Crippen. "Parasitism of Sedentary Stages of Heterodera glycines by Isolates of a Sterile Nematophagous Fungus." Phytopathology® 89, no. 12 (1999): 1193–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto.1999.89.12.1193.

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Isolates of a sterile fungus designated ARF (Arkansas fungus) can be separated into two groups, ARF-C and ARF-L, that differ morphologically and in their ability to suppress numbers of Heterodera glycines on soybean. Our objectives were to determine if the two ARF groups differed in their ability to parasitize juveniles, females, and eggs in the rhizo-sphere of soybean and to proliferate in soil. The experiments were conducted in a greenhouse using soil infested with homogenized ARF mycelium. The ARF-L isolates parasitized more juveniles and young females than did the ARF-C isolates. Suppressi

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18

Sanogo, S., B. F. Etarock, S. Angadi, and L. M. Lauriault. "Head Rot of Sunflower Caused by Rhizopus oryzae in New Mexico." Plant Disease 94, no. 5 (2010): 638. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-94-5-0638c.

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Head rot was found in cultivated sunflower (Helianthus annuus) in eastern New Mexico in Tucumcari in 2007 and Clovis in 2007 and 2009 and in south-central New Mexico near Las Cruces in 2009. The disease was also observed in wild sunflower near Clovis in 2008. Disease incidence was 10 to 40% in cultivated sunflower and ~30% in wild sunflower. Heads were brown to dark brown with discoloration extending down the sepals and peduncles into the stems. The basal parts of the heads were shredded and had grayish, fluffy mycelial mats visible in the lumen, and kernels were mostly seedless. Three to five

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19

Rayachhetry, M. B., T. R. Center, T. D. Center, P. Tipping, P. D. Pratt, and T. K. Van. "First Report of the Pathogenicity of Rhizoctonia solani on Salvinia molesta and S. minima in Florida." Plant Disease 86, no. 7 (2002): 813. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2002.86.7.813c.

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Salvinia molesta Mitchell (giant salvinia) and S. minima Baker (common salvinia) are exotic aquatic ferns that have invaded drainage basins in Texas, Louisiana, Alabama, Arizona, California, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Mississippi, North Carolina, and Oklahoma (2). These ferns rapidly colonize bodies of water and form thick mats, displace native species, disrupt recreational activities like boating and fishing, block drainage and irrigation intakes, interfere with electricity generation, and degrade water quality (1). Patches of water-soaked lesions were observed on the pinnules and rachises of

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20

Huang, H. C., and G. C. Kozub. "Influence of inoculum production temperature on carpogenic germination of sclerotia of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 39, no. 5 (1993): 548–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m93-078.

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Three isolates of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, sun-87 from Alberta, Tai from Taiwan, and SS-12 from Florida, were compared for carpogenic germination of sclerotia produced on potato dextrose agar cultures incubated at 20 °C for 14, 21, or 42 days. Sclerotia formed at 20 °C could germinate carpogenically without a cold conditioning treatment and the level of germination was dependent on specific inoculum temperature requirements for isolate sources. The favorable inoculum temperature for carpogenic germination of daughter sclerotia formed at 20 °C was 10 °C for isolate sun-87, but 25 or 30 °C for

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21

Auger, J., I. Pérez, and M. Esterio. "Diaporthe ambigua Associated with Post-Harvest Fruit Rot of Kiwifruit in Chile." Plant Disease 97, no. 6 (2013): 843. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-10-12-0990-pdn.

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Kiwifruit is an important, expanding commercial crop in Chile. Several fungi have been reported to be associated with post-harvest rots of kiwifruit worldwide (2). During 2011 and 2012, kiwifruit produced in the VI and VII regions of Chile, showing symptoms of inner rot, were investigated with the aim of identifying the disease agent. The affected fruits had brown pubescent skin at the stem end that became soft and lighter in color than the adjacent firm healthy tissues. A watery exudate and white to pale grayish mycelial mats frequently developed at the stem end of the fruit, causing a water-

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22

Hough, E. G., M. B. Horner, and I. J. Horner. "Molecular detection of Helicobasidium purpureum on carrots." New Zealand Plant Protection 70 (July 31, 2017): 325. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2017.70.94.

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   Helicobasidium purpureum (anamorph Rhizoctonia crocorum) is the causal organism of the carrot disease violet root rot, common in the Ohakune region of New Zealand. Helicobasidium purpureum has proven a difficult organism to isolate and grow in culture, confounding diagnosis of early infections. To enable early diagnosis of the disease, a conventional PCR assay was developed with the primer sequences (HelicoPurp1 and HelicoPurp2, 101bp amplicon) targeting part of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the organism. The assay detected all 15 H. purpureum isolates co

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23

Darmono, T. W., and J. L. Parke. "Chlamydospores of Phytophthora cactorum: their production, structure, and infectivity." Canadian Journal of Botany 68, no. 3 (1990): 640–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b90-083.

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Chlamydospores of Phytophthora cactorum are described and compared with oogonia and sporangia. Chlamydospores (average diameter 39.7 μm) were generally larger than either oogonia or sporangia, were usually produced terminally on long supporting hyphae and had single, two-layered walls. They were readily formed in vitro in V8 juice broth supplemented with 2 g L−1 CaCO3 after incubation for 20 days at 4 °C. No chlamydospores were produced at 8, 12, 16, 20, or 32 °C, but chlamydospores sometimes developed at 24 and 28 °C. Chlamydospores also formed on mycelial mats buried in pasteurized potting m

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Michán, Shaday, Fernando Lledías, and Wilhelm Hansberg. "Asexual Development Is Increased in Neurospora crassa cat-3-Null Mutant Strains." Eukaryotic Cell 2, no. 4 (2003): 798–808. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/ec.2.4.798-808.2003.

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ABSTRACT We use asexual development of Neurospora crassa as a model system with which to determine the causes of cell differentiation. Air exposure of a mycelial mat induces hyphal adhesion, and adherent hyphae grow aerial hyphae that, in turn, form conidia. Previous work indicated the development of a hyperoxidant state at the start of these morphogenetic transitions and a large increase in catalase activity during conidiation. Catalase 3 (CAT-3) increases at the end of exponential growth and is induced by different stress conditions. Here we analyzed the effects of cat-3-null strains on grow

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25

Leotta, Gerardo A., Jean A. Paré, Lynne Sigler, et al. "Thelebolus microsporus Mycelial Mats in the Trachea of Wild Brown Skua (Catharacta antarctica lonnbergi) and South Polar Skua (C. maccormicki) Carcasses." Journal of Wildlife Diseases 38, no. 2 (2002): 443–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-38.2.443.

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26

Atallah, Z. K., and D. A. Johnson. "Development of Sclerotinia Stem Rot in Potato Fields in South-Central Washington." Plant Disease 88, no. 4 (2004): 419–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2004.88.4.419.

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Sclerotinia stem rot, caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, is a recurrent disease on potato in the Columbia Basin of Washington. The role of ascospores in association with disease onset and stem rot incidence in commercial fields and the role of flower blossoms on plant infection were investigated in 10 fields over 2 years. Ascospores of S. sclerotiorum were detected on a semiselective medium over several weeks, with a peak in number of ascospores near initial full bloom. A high proportion of blossoms at initial full bloom were contaminated with S. sclerotiorum prior to blossom fall in most fie

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27

Koné, D., D. Mohamed, S. Soro, B. A. Bolou Bi, Y. J. Kouadio, and P. Ji. "First Report of Southern Blight of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) Caused by Sclerotium rolfsii in Côte d'Ivoire." Plant Disease 94, no. 11 (2010): 1379. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-06-10-0449.

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Southern blight caused by Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. was observed on okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) cv. Clemson Spineless in January 2010 during a survey of vegetable fields in Rubbino, Côte d'Ivoire, which is one of the most important areas for vegetable production. Plants exhibited symptoms of a dark brown lesion on the stems near the soil line. Upper roots became light to dark brown, the lower leaves wilted, turned yellow, and a white mat of fungal mycelium developed on the stem lesion. Numerous, white, spherical sclerotia formed on the infected stem and on soil surfaces around the infected pl

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28

Sanogo, S., and M. Clary. "Occurrence of Phytophthora Blight on Pumpkin in New Mexico." Plant Disease 90, no. 8 (2006): 1110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pd-90-1110a.

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During 2004 and 2005, two fields in Luna County and one field in Doña Ana County in southern New Mexico displayed pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo cv. Magic Lantern) plants with necrotic spots on leaves and dark brown and water-soaked lesions on petioles, vines, and fruits. Lesions on several fruits were covered with white mycelial mats that were also visible in the lumen when fruits were sectioned. Areas of fields with plants displaying these symptoms ranged from 2 to 5%. Within affected areas, percentage of plants with symptoms ranged from 75 to 100%. Samples of leaves, vines, and fruits were collect

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Andrade, Orlando, Gastón Muñoz, Rafael Galdames, Paola Durán, and Rodrigo Honorato. "Characterization, In Vitro Culture, and Molecular Analysis of Thecaphora solani, the Causal Agent of Potato Smut." Phytopathology® 94, no. 8 (2004): 875–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto.2004.94.8.875.

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The fungus Thecaphora solani (syn.: Angiosorus solani), the causal agent of potato smut, was cultivated in vitro for the first time. Teliospores obtained from galls of infected potato plants were used to inoculate commonly used solid and liquid media. The teliospores produced two kinds of vegetative tissue depending on the nutrient status of the media. A very slow radial-growing, hyaline, and septate mycelium, as usually seen in most of the in vitro-cultivated filamentous fungi, was obtained in wateragar medium after 30 to 40 days. On the other hand, a white, sponge-like mycelial mass was obta

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30

Furlong, Michael J., Judith K. Pell, Ong Pek Choo, and Syed Abdul Rahman. "Field and laboratory evaluation of a sex pheromone trap for the autodissemination of the fungal entomopathogen Zoophthora radicans (Entomophthorales) by the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae)." Bulletin of Entomological Research 85, no. 3 (1995): 331–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485300036051.

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AbstractThe effectiveness of a sex pheromone trap designed specifically to deliver conidia (infective fungal propagules) of the entomopathogenic fungus Zoophthora radicans Brefeld (Zygomycetes: Entomophthorales) to male Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus) was investigated. In field experiments in the Cameron Highlands of Malaysia, synthetic pheromone lures attracted adult males P. xylostella at all times of the day whereas lures of virgin female moths attracted males only between the hours of dusk and dawn, when females are known to produce their pheromone. Adult male moths attracted to traps baite

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Miyamoto, Y., Y. Ishii, A. Honda, et al. "Function of Genes Encoding Acyl-CoA Synthetase and Enoyl-CoA Hydratase for Host-Selective ACT-Toxin Biosynthesis in the Tangerine Pathotype of Alternaria alternata." Phytopathology® 99, no. 4 (2009): 369–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-99-4-0369.

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The tangerine pathotype of Alternaria alternata produces host-selective ACT-toxin and causes Alternaria brown spot disease. Sequence analysis of a genomic cosmid clone identified a part of the ACTT gene cluster and implicated two genes, ACTT5 encoding an acyl-CoA synthetase and ACTT6 encoding an enoyl-CoA hydratase, in the biosynthesis of ACT-toxin. Genomic Southern blots demonstrated that both genes were present in tangerine pathotype isolates producing ACT-toxin and also in Japanese pear pathotype isolates producing AK-toxin and strawberry pathotype isolates producing AF-toxin. ACT-, AK-, an

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32

Lee, Geon-Woo, Sang-Tae Seo, Byeongjin Cha, and Sang-Sub Han. "Analysis of Molecular Diversity in Castanopsis sieboldii with Felt Disease Caused by Septobasidium sp." Research in Plant Disease 29, no. 4 (2023): 420–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5423/rpd.2023.29.4.420.

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In 2020, within the Dongbaekdongsan area in Jeju Island, a Septobasidium sp. associated with a felt disease in <i>Castanopsis sieboldii</i> (Makino) Hatus. ex T. Yamaz. & Mashiba was identified. The symptom included the presence of brown, thin, and silk-like mycelial mats attached to the tree's bark, displaying variations in size from large to small. To induce hyphal growth, the samples collected were incubated in a moist chamber, and the newly formed hyphae were subjected to genomic DNA extractions. The nucleotide sequences of the internal transcribed spacer and small subunit

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33

Akgül, D. S., J. S. Mayorquin, and A. Eskalen. "First Report of Diaporthe neoviticola Associated with Wood Cankers of Grapevine in Turkey." Plant Disease 98, no. 5 (2014): 692. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-08-13-0872-pdn.

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In recent years, delayed bud bursting, cane bleaching, shoot dieback, and cankers in 1-year-old canes and perennial arms were observed in vineyards of the Aegean region (western Turkey). These symptoms were frequently observed on the following major table grape (Vitis vinifera) cultivars: ‘Alphonse Lavallée,’ ‘Cardinal,’ ‘Sultana Seedless,’ and ‘Trakya Ilkeren’ in 2012. To determine the causal agents, symptomatic woody tissues (0.5 cm2) were sampled from the canes of nine Manisa and four Salihli Cities (13 total) grapevine varieties and were plated onto potato dextrose agar amended with tetrac

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Tarnowski, Tara L., José M. Pérez-Martínez, and Randy C. Ploetz. "Fuzzy Pedicel: A New Postharvest Disease of Banana." Plant Disease 94, no. 5 (2010): 621–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-94-5-0621.

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Banana fruit of the Cavendish subgroup, Musa acuminata, are significant international commodities. Recently, a transnational company attempted to develop single fruit (fingers) as a product in the United States. In the summer of 2007, an unknown problem developed (hereafter, “fuzzy pedicel”), wherein mats of fluffy gray to white mycelial mats covered large portions of the pedicel surface of fruit when they were packed in gas-permeable containers. Fungi from two genera sporulated on examined pedicels: Sporothrix, which occurred on 72% of the affected pedicels, and Fusarium (6%); other fungi wer

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Broady, Paul A., and Richard N. Weinstein. "Algae, lichens and fungi in La Gorce Mountains, Antarctica." Antarctic Science 10, no. 4 (1998): 376–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102098000467.

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Two species of lichens, six cyanobacteria, one diatom, 10 chlorophytes and two mycelial fungi were found at La Gorce Mountains (86°30′S, 147°W) at an altitude of about 1750 m. The lichens Lecidea cancriformis and Carbonea vorticosa occurred at a single site which is the most southerly record of lichens. Thousands of small ponds covered extensive ice-cored moraine. Nine ponds sampled had about 30 cm of ice overlying about 26 cm of water and contained algal mats dominated by Phormidium autumnale and cf. Leptolyngbya fragilis. The very low conductivity waters had high nitrate and low dissolved re

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Yang, X. B., F. Workneh, and P. Lundeen. "First Report of Sclerotium Production by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in Soil on Infected Soybean Seeds." Plant Disease 82, no. 2 (1998): 264. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.1998.82.2.264b.

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Stem rot of soybean caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary was not recognized as an important problem in the North Central Region of the United States until severe outbreaks occurred in 1992, 1994, and 1996 (2). Although sclerotia mixed with seeds are known to be important to the spread of this disease, the role of internally infested soybean seed in dissemination of the disease is unknown. Tu (1) demonstrated in dry bean, which differs from soybean in seed size and plant architecture, that internally infected seeds are important to the spread of the disease, by producing sclerotia

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Zotti, Maurizio, Giuliano Bonanomi, and Stefano Mazzoleni. "Fungal fairy rings: history, ecology, dynamics and engineering functions." IMA Fungus 16, no. () (2025): e138320. https://doi.org/10.3897/imafungus.16.138320.

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Fungal fairy rings (FFR) are fascinating natural phenomena that have intrigued people and scientists for centuries. These patterns, often represented by circular distributions of altered vegetation, are found in grasslands and forest habitats. Fairy rings occur when fungi grow radially in the soil, raising from a central point, progressively degrading organic matter and thus affecting vegetation. The observation of such spatial patterns allows mycologists to conduct an in-depth analysis of the role of fungi in ecosystems. This review presents the current knowledge and scientific advancement of

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Slowik, Anna R., Helen Hesketh, Steven M. Sait, and Henrik H. de Fine Licht. "A Rapid Method for Measuring In Vitro Growth in Entomopathogenic Fungi." Insects 14, no. 8 (2023): 703. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects14080703.

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Quantifying the growth of entomopathogenic fungi is crucial for understanding their virulence and pathogenic potential. Traditional methods for determining growth, such as biomass determination or colony growth area, are time-consuming and quantitatively and spatially limited in scope. In this study, we introduce a high-throughput method for rapidly measuring fungal growth using spectrophotometry in small-volume, liquid media cultures in 96-well microplates. Optical density (OD) changes were directly correlated with dry weight of samples for six isolates from three species of the genus Metarhi

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Egerton-Warburton, Louise M., and Brendon J. Griffin. "Differential responses of Pisolithus tinctorius isolates to aluminum in vitro." Canadian Journal of Botany 73, no. 8 (1995): 1229–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b95-133.

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Isolates of Pisolithus tinctorius collected from old coal mining (pH 4.3, Al 327 mg/L, mine sites), rehabilitated (pH 4.9, Al 22 mg/L), and forest sites (pH 5.3, Al 6 mg/L) were grown in axenic culture with 0–2000 mg/L Al and assessed for aluminum tolerance by comparing the mass of mycelia produced and levels of Al, Ca, and Mg in mycelia as detected by energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis. Mine-site isolates demonstrated mycelial growth to 2000 mg/L Al, a threshold of 90 mg/L Al before accumulation of Al in mycelia, and higher levels of Ca and Mg within the mycelia than either rehabilitated-

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Kwon, J. H., D. W. Kang, S. D. Lee, and J. Kim. "First Report of Sclerotium Rot Caused by Sclerotium rolfsii on Yacón in South Korea." Plant Disease 98, no. 10 (2014): 1443. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-06-14-0616-pdn.

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Yacón, or ground apple (Smallanthus sonchifolius), is a perennial plant grown in the northern and central Andes from Colombia to northern Argentina for its crisp, sweet, and tuberous roots. In 2012, yacóns cultivated in the research field of the Gyeongsangnam-do Agriculture and Extension Services, Jinju, South Korea, suddenly died. The characteristic symptoms consisted of rotting, wilting, and blighting. Initial symptoms included water-soaked lesions on lower stem tissue near the soil line. Infected plants gradually withered, and white mycelial mats and sclerotia appeared on the surface of roo

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Wu, Zong-Chi, Ya-Yun Chang, Qiao-Juan Lai, et al. "Soil Is Not a Reservoir for Phellinus noxius." Phytopathology® 110, no. 2 (2020): 362–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-08-19-0314-r.

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Phellinus noxius causes brown root rot (BRR) of diverse trees. Basidiospores and diseased host tissues have been recognized as important sources of P. noxius inoculum. This study aimed to understand whether P. noxius could occur or survive in soil without host tissues in the natural environment. Soil was sampled before and after the removal of diseased trees at eight BRR infection sites (total of 44 samples). No P. noxius colonies were recovered in soil plating assays, suggesting that no or little viable P. noxius resided in the soil. To know whether P. noxius could disseminate from decayed ro

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Shah, P. A., M. Aebi, and U. Tuor. "Method To Immobilize the Aphid-Pathogenic Fungus Erynia neoaphidis in an Alginate Matrix for Biocontrol." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 64, no. 11 (1998): 4260–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.64.11.4260-4263.1998.

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ABSTRACT Erynia neoaphidis is an important fungal pathogen of aphid pests worldwide. There have been few reported attempts to formulate this natural agent for use in biocontrol. In the current study, factors involved in the immobilization of E. neoaphidis hyphae in an alginate matrix were investigated. Hyphae of two isolates cultured in liquid medium were 220 to 620 μm in length and 7 to 19 μm in diameter with a 74 to 83% cytoplasmic content. The optimal concentration of low-viscosity sodium alginate for production of conidia from entrapped hyphae was 1.5% (wt/vol), and 0.1 and 0.25 M calcium

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Grzywacz, Andrzej. "Sensitivity of Fomes annosus Fr. Cooke and Schizophyllum commune Fr. to air pollution with sulphur dioxide." Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae 42, no. 3 (2015): 347–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/asbp.1973.026.

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The sensivity of mycelium to sulphur dioxide polluting the air depends on its physiological activity. As measure of activity growth was adopted, in the sense of the function of dry weight and diametre of the colony, intensity of respiration, amino acids and nitrogen content in dry mycelial mass. The influence of SO<sub>2</sub> on mycelium growth in dependence on its age and pH of substrate was also investigated.

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Guevara, Roger, and Iliana Romero. "Spatial and temporal abundance of mycelial mats in the soil of a tropical rain forest in Mexico and their effects on the concentration of mineral nutrients in soils and fine roots." New Phytologist 163, no. 2 (2004): 361–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2004.01099.x.

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Jeon, Y. H., and W. Cheon. "First Report of Leaf Blight of Japanese Yew Caused by Pestalotiopsis microspora in Korea." Plant Disease 98, no. 5 (2014): 691. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-08-13-0821-pdn.

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Worldwide, Japanese yew (Taxus cuspidata Sieb. & Zucc.) is a popular garden tree, with large trees also being used for timber. In July 2012, leaf blight was observed on 10% of Japanese yew seedling leaves planted in a 500-m2 field in Andong, Gyeongsangbuk-do Province, South Korea. Typical symptoms included small, brown lesions that were first visible on the leaf margin, which enlarged and coalesced into the leaf becoming brown and blighted. To isolate potential pathogens from infected leaves, small sections of leaf tissue (5 to 10 mm2) were excised from lesion margins. Eight fungi were iso

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Grasso, S., A. Pane, and S. O. Cacciola. "First Report of Armillaria mellea on a Fern from Italy." Plant Disease 84, no. 5 (2000): 592. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2000.84.5.592c.

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Several perennial species of rhizomatous herbaceous ferns are cultivated as ornamental foliage plants. During late summer 1999, in a garden at the foot of Mount Etna, eastern Sicily (Italy), we noted a fern hedge showing patches of withered or stunted plants. The fern was identified as Cyrtomium falcatum (L.f.) C. Presl. (=Polystichum falcatum (L.f.) Diels), a house holly fern or Japanese holly fern, which is an ornamental fern native to East and South Asia. Other woody plants in the immediate vicinity had died over the last few years, including apricot and cedar trees whose stumps had not bee

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Galaction, Anca-Irina, Corneliu Oniscu, and Dan Cascaval. "Studies on oxygen mass transfer in stirred bioreactors 2: Suspensions of bacteria, yeasts and fungis." Chemical Industry 57, no. 6 (2003): 276–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind0306276g.

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The aim of these experiments is to study the oxygen mass transfer rate by means of the mass transfer coefficient, for a stirred bioreactor and different fermentation broths, using a large domain of operating variables. For quantifying the effects of the considered factors (concentration and morphology of the biomass, specific power input, superficial air velocity surface aeration) on k\a, the experiments were carried out for non-respirating biomass suspensions of Propionibacterium shermanii Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Penicillium chrysogenum, mycelial aggregates (pellets) and free mycelia mor

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Achar, P. N. "First Report of Downy Mildew Disease of Rose Caused by Peronospora sparsa in KwaZulu Natal, Southern Africa." Plant Disease 81, no. 6 (1997): 695. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.1997.81.6.695b.

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In October and November of 1996, typical downy mildew symptoms appeared on rose plants cultivated in many areas in KwaZulu Natal, South Africa. White mycelial mats were observed on the lower surface of young and mature leaves and on stems at the base of the plants and shoot apices. Leaves and stems developed purplish to black spots. Flowers and buds had downy mildew-like growth on peduncles, calyces, and petals. Plants were poorly developed and generally chlorotic, and several were stunted. The most severe symptoms included premature leaf drop followed by plant death. The fungus from leaf and

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Cheng, Po-Yu, Hung-Yi Liao, Chia-Hung Kuo, and Yung-Chuan Liu. "Enhanced Erinacine A Production by Hericium erinaceus Using Solid-State Cultivation." Fermentation 7, no. 3 (2021): 182. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation7030182.

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Hericium erinaceus (HE) is a large edible medicinal fungus. Erinacine A (ErA) is a secondary metabolite presented in the mycelia of HE, with pharmacological effects as a nerve growth factor on the central nervous system. In this study, solid-state cultivation of HE was carried out in Petri dishes and glass jars for the production of mycelial biomass and ErA. The potato dextrose agar (PDA) had the highest mycelial biomass at an optimal temperature of 25 °C, but no ErA was found in the agar media. In glass jar cultivation, the mycelial biomass and specific yield of ErA in different substrates, p

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Ni, Hang, Wei-Liang Kong, Yu Zhang, and Xiao-Qin Wu. "Effects of Volatile Organic Compounds Produced by Pseudomonas aurantiaca ST-TJ4 against Verticillium dahliae." Journal of Fungi 8, no. 7 (2022): 697. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof8070697.

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Verticillium dahliae is one of the most destructive fungal pathogens, causing substantial economic losses in agriculture and forestry. The use of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) is an effective and environmentally friendly strategy for controlling diseases caused by V. dahliae. In this study, 90 mm in diameter Petri plates were used to test the effect of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by different concentrations of Pseudomonas aurantiaca ST-TJ4 cells suspension on V. dahliae mycelia radial growth and biomass. The mycelial morphology was observed by using scanning electr

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