Relevant bibliographies by topics / Mycobacteria

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Mycobacteria'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 15 June 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Mycobacteria"

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Manguba, Alexander S., Jaime Alfonso M. Aherrera, Antonio L. Faltado, Melissa A. Llanto, and Raul D. Jara. "Cardiac Tamponade Complicating Disseminated Non-tuberculous Mycobacterial Infection Involving the Pericardium: A Case Report." Philippine Journal of Cardiology 41, no. 1 (2013): 7–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.69944/pjc.598ed10d2d.

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BACKGROUND: The most common mycobacterial species causing infection in the Philippines is Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) have not been reported in Philippine literature to disseminate to the pericardium. CASE: We present a case of disseminated mycobacterial (tuberculous and non-tuberculous co-infection) involving the pericardium, pleura, spleen and abdominal wall. This is the case of a 37-year old female who presented with dyspnea and multiple nodules within the abdominal wall. Computed tomography scan showed a thickened pericardium with minimal pericardial effusion, pleural effusion, and multiple abscesses within the spleen, and abdominal wall muscles. Pleural fluid and abdominal wall abscesses were positive for acid-fast bacilli. Mycobacterial cultures also later yielded growth of rapidly growing mycobacteria (Mycobacterium spp. growth within 24 hours). Pericardiostomy was performed to relieve tamponade. The patient was treated with quadruple anti-mycobacterials and a coarse of cefoxitin, amikacin, and clarithromycin. After six months of therapy, there was no recurrence of pericardial effusion. This case highlights the importance of a high index of suspicion in considering nontuberculous mycobacterial species in patients who do not show improvement with the standard quadruple anti mycobacterial regimen for M. tuberculosis. KEYWORDS: Cardiac tamponade, mycobacterium, pericardial effusion.
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Lutsenko, A. V., A. L. Yasenyavskaya, and M. A. Samotrueva. "Mycobacterial infections: features of microbiological diagnosis." Сибирский научный медицинский журнал 43, no. 6 (2024): 34–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.18699/ssmj20230604.

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To date, more than 200 species of mycobacteria have been identified, in addition to the well-known Mycobacterium leprae and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Among microorganisms belonging to the genus Mycobacterium, there are obligate pathogenic, opportunistic and saprophytic strains. The incidence of non-tuberculous or atypical mycobacteria, which cause opportunistic infections in humans and animals, is steadily increasing. Non-tuberculous mycobacteria are increasingly recognized as a source of healthcare-associated infections.Aim of the study was to analyze the literature on current methods of microbiological diagnosis of mycobacterial infections.Material and methods. A search and analysis of scientific literature in the Web of Science, PubMed, eLIBRARY.RU, Europe PMC databases was performed using the following key words: mycobacteriosis, non-tuberculous mycobacteria, mycobacterial infections, MALDITOF MS, atypical mycobacteria. Results and discussion. The review summarizes and presents the classification, morphological, cultural, genetic and ecological features of mycobacterial strains. Modern approaches in the diagnosis of mycobacterial diseases and identification of pathogens are analyzed; their advantages and disadvantages are indicated.Conclusions. Mycobacterial infections are often considered as diseases associated with the provision of medical care, requiring a detailed assessment of the situation with the definition of criteria for microbiological monitoring of objects of a medical organization, etc. The analyzed literature data demonstrate a variety of methods for laboratory diagnosis of mycobacterial infections with the need for further improvement of methodological approaches.
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Harth, Günter, Saša Masleša-Galić, and Marcus A. Horwitz. "A two-plasmid system for stable, selective-pressure-independent expression of multiple extracellular proteins in mycobacteria." Microbiology 150, no. 7 (2004): 2143–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.27113-0.

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Recombinant mycobacteria expressing Mycobacterium tuberculosis extracellular proteins are leading candidates for new vaccines against tuberculosis and other mycobacterial diseases, and important tools both in antimycobacterial drug development and basic research in mycobacterial pathogenesis. Recombinant mycobacteria that stably overexpress and secrete major extracellular proteins of M. tuberculosis in native form on plasmids pSMT3 and pNBV1 were previously constructed by the authors. To enhance the versatility of this plasmid-based approach for mycobacterial protein expression, the Escherichia coli/mycobacteria shuttle plasmid pGB9 was modified to accommodate mycobacterial genes expressed from their endogenous promoters. Previous studies showed that the modified plasmid, designated pGB9.2, derived from the cryptic Mycobacterium fortuitum plasmid pMF1, was present at a low copy number in both E. coli and mycobacteria, and expression of recombinant M. tuberculosis proteins was found to be at levels paralleling its copy number, that is, approximating their endogenous levels. Plasmid pGB9.2 was compatible with the shuttle vectors pSMT3 and pNBV1 and in combination with them it simultaneously expressed the M. tuberculosis 30 kDa extracellular protein FbpB. Plasmid pGB9.2 was stably maintained in the absence of selective pressure in three mycobacterial species: Mycobacterium bovis BCG, M. tuberculosis and M. smegmatis. Plasmid pGB9.2 was found to be self-transmissible between both fast- and slow-growing mycobacteria, but not from mycobacteria to E. coli or between E. coli strains. The combination of two compatible plasmids in one BCG strain allows expression of recombinant mycobacterial proteins at different levels, a potentially important factor in optimizing vaccine potency.
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Chilima, Benson Z., Ian M. Clark, Sian Floyd, Paul E. M. Fine, and Penny R. Hirsch. "Distribution of Environmental Mycobacteria in Karonga District, Northern Malawi." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 72, no. 4 (2006): 2343–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.72.4.2343-2350.2006.

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ABSTRACT The genus Mycobacterium includes many species that are commonly found in the environment (in soil and water or associated with plants and animals), as well as species that are responsible for two major human diseases, tuberculosis (Mycobacterium tuberculosis) and leprosy (Mycobacterium leprae). The distribution of environmental mycobacteria was investigated in the context of a long-term study of leprosy, tuberculosis, Mycobacterium bovis BCG vaccination, and the responses of individuals to various mycobacterial antigens in Karonga District, northern Malawi, where epidemiological studies had indicated previously that people may be exposed to different mycobacterial species in the northern and southern parts of the district. A total of 148 soil samples and 24 water samples were collected from various locations and examined to determine the presence of mycobacteria. The detection method involved semiselective culturing and acid-fast staining, following decontamination of samples to enrich mycobacteria and reduce the numbers of other microorganisms, or PCR with primers specific for the mycobacterial 16S rRNA gene, using DNA extracted directly from soil and water samples. Mycobacteria were detected in the majority of the samples, and subsequent sequence analysis of PCR products amplified directly from soil DNA indicated that most of the products were related to known environmental mycobacteria. For both methods the rates of recovery were consistently higher for dry season samples than for wet season samples. All isolates cultured from soil appeared to be strains of Mycobacterium fortuitum. This study revealed a complex pattern for the environmental mycobacterial flora but identified no clear differences between the northern and southern parts of Karonga District.
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Fol, Marek, Piotr Koziński, Jakub Kulesza, Piotr Białecki, and Magdalena Druszczyńska. "Dual Nature of Relationship between Mycobacteria and Cancer." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 15 (2021): 8332. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22158332.

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Although the therapeutic effect of mycobacteria as antitumor agents has been known for decades, recent epidemiological and experimental studies have revealed that mycobacterium-related chronic inflammation may be a possible mechanism of cancer pathogenesis. Mycobacterium tuberculosis and non-tuberculous Mycobacterium avium complex infections have been implicated as potentially contributing to the etiology of lung cancer, whereas Mycobacterium ulcerans has been correlated with skin carcinogenesis. The risk of tumor development with chronic mycobacterial infections is thought to be a result of many host effector mechanisms acting at different stages of oncogenesis. In this paper, we focus on the nature of the relationship between mycobacteria and cancer, describing the clinical significance of mycobacteria-based cancer therapy as well as epidemiological evidence on the contribution of chronic mycobacterial infections to the increased lung cancer risk.
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Kelley, Victoria A., and Jeffrey S. Schorey. "Mycobacterium's Arrest of Phagosome Maturation in Macrophages Requires Rab5 Activity and Accessibility to Iron." Molecular Biology of the Cell 14, no. 8 (2003): 3366–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e02-12-0780.

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Many mycobacteria are intramacrophage pathogens that reside within nonacidified phagosomes that fuse with early endosomes but do not mature to phagolysosomes. The mechanism by which mycobacteria block this maturation process remains elusive. To gain insight into whether fusion with early endosomes is required for mycobacteria-mediated inhibition of phagosome maturation, we investigated how perturbing the GTPase cycles of Rab5 and Rab7, GTPases that regulate early and late endosome fusion, respectively, would affect phagosome maturation. Retroviral transduction of the constitutively activated forms of both GTPases into primary murine macrophages had no effect on Mycobacterium avium retention in an early endosomal compartment. Interestingly, expression of dominant negative Rab5, Rab5(S34N), but not dominant negative Rab7, resulted in a significant increase in colocalization of M. avium with markers of late endosomes/lysosomes and increased mycobacterial killing. This colocalization was specific to mycobacteria since Rab5(S34N) expressing cells showed diminished trafficking of endocytic tracers to lysosomes. We further demonstrated that maturation of M. avium phagosomes was halted in Rab5(S34N) expressing macrophages supplemented with exogenous iron. These findings suggest that fusion with early endosomes is required for mycobacterial retention in early phagosomal compartments and that an inadequate supply of iron is one factor in mycobacteria's inability to prevent the normal maturation process in Rab5(S34N)-expressing macrophages.
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Cayer, Marie-Pierre, Marc Veillette, Pascal Pageau, et al. "Identification of mycobacteria in peat moss processing plants: application of molecular biology approaches." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 53, no. 1 (2007): 92–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w06-105.

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Peat moss processing plant workers are exposed to high concentrations of bioaerosols. Although mycobacteria have been cultured from peat moss, no study has examined the workers' exposure to mycobacterial bioaerosols. We evaluated the presence of mycobacteria in air samples from peat moss processing plants using molecular biology approaches (cloning-sequencing and polymerase chain reaction (PCR)) and the workers exposure using immunoglobulin G (IgG) complexes to mycobacteria. In addition, species detected in air samples and in peat moss were compared. Two peat moss processing plants were chosen among 14 previously studied. A total of 49 clones were sequenced. Real-time PCR was also performed on the same air samples to evaluate the airborne concentration of mycobacteria and estimate exposure levels. Several Mycobacterium species were present in the air samples (M. malmoense, M. smegmatis, M. graceum, M. bohemicum, and M. interjectum). Mycobacterium avium was recovered by culture in peat moss but not in the air using the molecular approach. Total airborne Mycobacterium concentration was estimated at 8.2 × 108/m3. Workers had IgG against the mycobacterial mix and M. avium, suggesting significant exposure. The findings from air samples, supported by IgG measurements, demonstrate that peat moss processing plant workers are exposed to mycobacteria in addition to other biological agents.Key words: exposure, peat moss, airborne mycobacteria.
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Tiwari, Mohit Kumar, and Pratibha Gupta. "In vitro Study on, Effect of Anti Tubercular Drugs on Mycobacterium Lucknowense, sp. nov. Isolated from Indian Frog Rana Tigerina." Anusandhaan - Vigyaan Shodh Patrika 8, no. 1 (2020): 49–53. https://doi.org/10.22445/avsp.v8i1.8.

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Mycobacteria are the bacilli responsible for causing tuberculosis and leprosy like diseases. Tuberculosis is a important global problem, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Interrupted chemotherapy led to spread of drug resistant mycobacterial infections, which is now most burning problem all over the world. A typical Mycobacteria and other members of genus which can cause typical tuberculosis like symptoms and extra pulmonary mycobacterial infections in almost all parts of human body and also in other animals from Pisces, Reptiles, Birds and Mammalia. Infected man can spread disease in animals and vice-versa. Most of the atypical mycobacteria are drug resistant and are difficult to treat. Study of sensitivity of anti-tubercular drugs is very important for any mycobacterial strain. Mycobacterium lucknowense is newly isolated mycobacteria from common Indian bull frog Rana tigerina is highly infective to various experimental animals, also confirmed Koch’s postulate. Therefore, study on effect of antitubercular drugs was done on this mycobacterial strain. The study of drug sensitivity pattern on M. lucknowense indicated that this mycobacteria is highly resistant to most of anti tubercular drugs like Benzyl penicillin, Streptomycin, Para amino salicylic acid, Isonicotinic acid, Ethambutol, Prothionamide, Pyrazinamide, Rifampicin, Kanamycin, Clofazimine, except only Ethionamide, which indicated sensitivity and suppressing property on this bacteria.
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Mah, Nancy, Carolina Perez-Iratxeta, and Miguel A. Andrade-Navarro. "Outer membrane pore protein prediction in mycobacteria using genomic comparison." Microbiology 156, no. 8 (2010): 2506–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.040089-0.

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Proteins responsible for outer membrane transport across the unique membrane structure of Mycobacterium spp. are attractive drug targets in the treatment of human diseases caused by the mycobacterial pathogens, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, M. bovis, M. leprae and M. ulcerans. In contrast with Escherichia coli, relatively few outer-membrane proteins (OMPs) have been identified in Mycobacterium spp., largely due to the difficulties in isolating mycobacterial membrane proteins and our incomplete understanding of secretion mechanisms and cell wall structure in these organisms. To further expand our knowledge of these elusive proteins in mycobacteria, we have improved upon our previous method of OMP prediction in mycobacteria by taking advantage of genomic data from seven mycobacteria species. Our improved algorithm suggests 4333 sequences as putative OMPs in seven species with varying degrees of confidence. The most virulent pathogenic mycobacterial species are slightly enriched in these selected sequences. We present examples of predicted OMPs involved in horizontal transfer and paralogy expansion. Analysis of local secondary structure content allowed identification of small domains predicted to perform as OMPs; some examples show their involvement in events of tandem duplication and domain rearrangements. We discuss the taxonomic distribution of these discovered families and architectures, often specific to mycobacteria or the wider taxonomic class of Actinobacteria. Our results suggest that OMP functionality in mycobacteria is richer than expected and provide a resource to guide future research of these understudied proteins.
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Durnez, Lies, Miriam Eddyani, Georgies F. Mgode, et al. "First Detection of Mycobacteria in African Rodents and Insectivores, Using Stratified Pool Screening." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 74, no. 3 (2007): 768–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01193-07.

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ABSTRACT With the rising number of patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/AIDS in developing countries, the control of mycobacteria is of growing importance. Previous studies have shown that rodents and insectivores are carriers of mycobacteria. However, it is not clear how widespread mycobacteria are in these animals and what their role is in spreading them. Therefore, the prevalence of mycobacteria in rodents and insectivores was studied in and around Morogoro, Tanzania. Live rodents were trapped, with three types of live traps, in three habitats. Pieces of organs were pooled per habitat, species, and organ type (stratified pooling); these sample pools were examined for the presence of mycobacteria by PCR, microscopy, and culture methods. The mycobacterial isolates were identified using phenotypic techniques and sequencing. In total, 708 small mammals were collected, 31 of which were shrews. By pool prevalence estimation, 2.65% of the animals were carriers of mycobacteria, with a higher prevalence in the urban areas and in Cricetomys gambianus and the insectivore Crocidura hirta. Nontuberculous mycobacteria (Mycobacterium chimaera, M. intracellulare, M. arupense, M. parascrofulaceum, and Mycobacterium spp.) were isolated from C. gambianus, Mastomys natalensis, and C. hirta. This study is the first to report findings of mycobacteria in African rodents and insectivores and the first in mycobacterial ecology to estimate the prevalence of mycobacteria after stratified pool screening. The fact that small mammals in urban areas carry more mycobacteria than those in the fields and that potentially pathogenic mycobacteria were isolated identifies a risk for other animals and humans, especially HIV/AIDS patients, that have a weakened immune system.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Mycobacteria"

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Nakedi, Kehilwe Confidence. "Comprehensive definition of Ser/Thr/Tyr phosphorylation in mycobacteria: towards understanding reprogramming of normal macrophage function by pathogenic mycobacteria." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29707.

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Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent for the disease Tuberculosis, is a serious public health problem that is responsible for 1.6 million deaths each year. The WHO’s recent report on Tuberculosis estimates that a third of the world’s population is latently infected with the bacteria, and, of those, 10% will progress to active disease. M. tuberculosis is a successful pathogen mainly due to its ability to adapt and survive in changing environments. It can survive a dormant state with limited metabolic activity during latent infection, while also being able to escape the macrophage and disseminate into active disease. Efforts to eradicate the disease must be based on understanding the biology of this organism, and the mechanisms it uses to infect, colonize, and evade the immune system. Understanding the behaviour of pathogenic mycobacteria in the macrophage is also important to the discovery of new drug targets. In this thesis, we employed state of the art mass spectrometry techniques, which allowed us to unpack the biology of this bacterium in different growth environments and expand our understanding of the mechanisms it employs to adapt and survive. We investigated protein regulation by the process of phosphorylation, through sensory kinases, which add a phosphate group to a protein of interest, thereby regulating its function. First, we interrogated the phosphoproteomic landscape between M. bovis BCG and M. smegmatis to explain how differential protein regulation results in the differences between slow and fast growth of mycobacteria. Second, we focused on Protein Kinase G (PknG), which plays an important role in bacterial survival by blocking phagosome/lysosome fusion. We identified the in vivo physiological substrates of this kinase in actively growing M.bovis BCG culture. Our results revealed that this kinase is a regulator of protein synthesis. We then examined the mechanisms of survival in murine RAW 246.7 macrophages mediated by PknG, using M. bovis BCG reference strain and PknG knock-out mutant. Our results indicated strong evidence that pathogenic mycobacteria disrupt the macrophagic cytoskeleton, through phosphorylation of proteins that are involved in cytoskeleton rearrangement. These results explain the strategies that pathogenic mycobacteria employ mediated by PknG to block phagosome-lysosome fusion and evade the host immune system and survive for prolonged periods in the macrophages. The findings of this thesis contribute to our understanding of the physiology of pathogenic mycobacteria and their interaction with the host.
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Hasan, Zehra. "Mycobacterium - host interactions : trafficking of mycobacteria within the host cell." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.264976.

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Millar, Douglas Spencer. "Mycobacterium paratuberculosis, mycobacteria and chronic enteritis in humans and animals." Thesis, St George's, University of London, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.308932.

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Muhammed, Ameen Sirwan. "Re-evaluation of older antibiotics in the area of resistant mycobacteria." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM5058.

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Chez les patients traités par un régime posologique, La concentration sérique moyenne et l'écart type de la concentration SMX était 161,01 ± 69,154 mg/L et de 5,788 ± 2,74 mg/L pour le TMP. La concentration minimale inhibitrice 90% (CMI 90) était de 10 mg/L pour le cotrimoxazole et la sulfadiazine contre Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Toutes les mycobactéries étaient inhibées par 20 mg/L de cotrimoxazole et de sulfadiazine. Les CMI de l'ivermectine contre 13 souches complexe M. tuberculosis ont varié entre 10 et 40 mg/L. En outre, tous isoler M. tuberculosis étaient résistants à la squalamine avec CMI &gt; 100 mg/L. Dans une autre partie nous avons montré que tous les isolats du complexe Mycobacterium avium étaient résistants au triméthoprime avec une CMI &gt; 200 mg/mL. Le cotrimoxazole, le sulfaméthoxazole et la sulfadiazine ont montré une CMI respectivement de 10 mg/L, 25 mg/L et 20 mg/L, à l'exception de Mycobacterium chimaera qui présentait une CMI de 10 mg/L pour ces molécules. La comparaison de la séquence du gène de la dihydroptéroate synthase de M. intracellulare et M. chimaera a montré seulement quatre changements d'acides aminés<br>Firstly, we measured the serum concentration of Sulfamethoxazole (SMX)-Trimethoprim (TMP) in patients treated with high dosage regimen. The mean values and standard deviation for SMX concentration was 161.01± 69.154 mg/L and of 5.788 ± 2.74 mg/L for TMP. Susceptibility testing yielded a minimum inhibitory concentration 90% (MIC90) of 10 mg/L for cotrimoxazole and sulfadiazine. All M. tuberculosis complex mycobacteria (MTC) were inhibited by 20 mg/L cotrimoxazole and sulfadiazine. Also, the MICs of ivermectin varied between 10 and 40 mg/L, against 13 MTC mycobacteria. Moreover, all M. tuberculosis isolate were resistant to squalamine with MIC &gt; 100 mg/L. Also, all Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) isolates were resistant to trimethoprim with MIC &gt; 200 mg/L. Cotrimoxazole, sulfamethoxazole and sulfadiazine exhibited MIC of 10 mg/L, 25 mg/L and 20 mg/L, respectively against all tested MAC isolates except for Mycobacterium chimaera which exhibited MICs of 10 mg/L for these molecules. Comparing the DHPS gene sequence in M. intracellulare and M. chimaera type strains and clinical isolates yielded only four amino acid changes
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Coulombe, François. "NOD2 and Mycobacteria." Thesis, McGill University, 2010. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=86837.

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The genus Mycobacterium comprises a variety of highly successful intracellular pathogens. Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB) in humans and currently infects one third of the world's population. Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis is the established cause of Johne's disease in ruminants and is epidemiologically associated with Crohn's disease (CD) in humans. Both TB and CD are complex genetic diseases for which immunological pathways associated with disease susceptibility or resistance have been identified based on human genetic studies. Common polymorphisms in NOD2 have recently been described to predispose to CD. NOD2 encodes a receptor of the Nod-like receptor (NLR) family involved in mediating innate immunity upon recognition of fragments of bacterial peptidoglycan (PGN), a structural component of most bacterial cell wall. CD-associated NOD2 polymorphisms were shown to abrogate this response. While recent studies have uncovered an important role of NOD2 for the recognition of mycobacterial species, the consequences and significance of this recognition remain obscure. The first part of the work presented in this thesis investigates the consequences of NOD2-mediated recognition on innate responses, adaptive immunity and resistance to mycobacterial infection. Using Nod2-deficient mice as a model to study CD-associated NOD2 mutations in humans, we show that the NOD2 pathway is critical for both innate and acquired anti-mycobacterial immunity. Impaired mycobacterial recognition at early time points following infection altered the immunopathology in the lungs and resulted in decreased survival of Nod2-deficient mice when virulent M. tuberculosis was given by aerosol. The second part of this thesis focuses on the biochemical basis of mycobacterial recognition by NOD2. The bacterial N-acetylmuramic acid hydroxylase (NamH) enzyme introduces a specific modification in PGN. We correlated the presence of this enzyme in mycobacteri<br>Le genus Mycobacterium comprend une variété de bactéries pathogènes intracellulaires. Mycobacterium tuberculosis cause la tuberculose (TB) chez les humains et infecte présentement près d'un tier de la population mondiale. Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis cause la maladie de Johne chez les ruminants et est associé à la maladie de Crohn chez les humains. La TB et la maladie de Crohn sont toutes deux des maladies génétiques complexes pour lesquelles des aspects clés de la réponse immunitaire associés à la résistance ou à la susceptibilité à la maladie ont émergés d'études génétiques humaines. Il a récemment été démontré que des polymorphismes communs dans le gène NOD2 prédisposaient à la maladie de Crohn. NOD2 encode un récepteur de la famille des Nod-like receptor (NLR) impliqué dans la réponse immunitaire innée lors de la détection de fragments de peptidoglycan (PGN) bactérien, une composante structurelle de la membrane de la plupart des bactéries. De plus, il a été démontré que les polymorphismes de NOD2 associés à la maladie de Crohn empêchaient cette réponse. Bien que certaines études récentes rapportent un rôle important de NOD2 pour la détection d'espèces mycobactériennes, les conséquences et les raisons associées à cette détection demeurent obscures. La première partie du travail présenté dans cette thèse explore les conséquences du rôle de NOD2 sur la réponse immunitaire innée, la réponse immunitaire adaptative et la résistance à une infection mycobacterienne. Des souris déficientes du gène Nod2 sont utilisées comme modèle d'étude des mutations de NOD2 associées à la maladie de Crohn's. À l'aide de ces souris, nous démontrons que la voie de signalisation NOD2 est critique pour la réponse immunitaire anti-mycobactérienne à la fois innée et adaptative. Un défaut de détection mycobactérienne dans les semaines suivant l'infection a mené à une altération de l'immunopat
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Hoza, Abubakar Shaaban. "Molecular characterization of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and prevalence of nontuberculous mycobacteria and other potential pathogenic bacteria from Tubercolisis suspents in Northeastern, Tanzania." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-211093.

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Molecular typing is increasingly essential to tuberculosis (TB) control programmes, providing public health practitioners with a tool to characterize transmission patterns, track the emergence and spread of strains of M. tuberculosis complex (MTC) in populations. While molecular typing is already used extensively as a tool for TB control in many developed settings across the globe, its use in resource-poor settings is still limited. Moreover, information on the role, contribution and burden of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) and other pathogens in aetiology of TB-like syndromes is also lacking in such settings. The broad objective of this dissertation was to determine the genetic diversity of MTC and their drug resistance profiles as well as the prevalence of NTM and other potentially pathogenic bacteria among TB suspects in Northeastern, Tanzania in order to generate insights that may inform the design of a rational TB control programmes. A total of 18 distinct spoligotypes were identified in this study area, with CAS1-KILI and EAI8 being the most predominant families. Major lineages prediction by conformal Bayesian network (CBN) revealed that 70% of TB infections in this area is due to modern lineages, whereas 30% of TB infections is due to the ancestral lineages mainly of Indo-oceanic lineage. The study also revealed that the overall proportions of any drug resistance and MDR-TB were 12.7% and 6.3% respectively. With the prevalence of any drug resistance and MDR-TB among new cases being 11.4% and 4.3% respectively, among previously, treated cases were 22.2%. The prevalence of NTM was found to be 9.7 %, with HIV being a significant predictor of NTM detection (P < 0.001). Four out of 30 patients with NTM diagnosed by culture received 1st line anti-TB treatment suggesting that a proportion of patients diagnosed by smear microscopy (4/65, 6.2%) were mistreated as TB patients. Our findings further showed that 17 (4.6%) out of 372 TB suspects were due to pulmonary nocardiosis. Overall this dissertation has revealed that TB is still a major problem in Tanga and is characterized by a diverse array of MTB strains. Additionally, modern MTB strains contribute significantly to TB infections in this area. High proportions of anti-TB drug resistance among new treated cases observed suggest that more efforts need to be done to identify individual cases at facility level for improved TB control programmes. Inefficient screening of TB patients and a prevalent increase of NTM may contribute to both unrealistic and mismanagement of TB cases. A diverse array of pathogenic Nocardia species among TB suspects further indicates that they are likely cause of human disease in this population. Therefore, need to integrate NTM and pathogens causing TB-like syndromes in diagnosis and management of TB is urgent. Results of these investigations contribute to the understanding of the dynamics of TB transmission in resource poor settings of Tanzania and highlight key factors that should be considered in the development of rational approaches to design effective TB prevention and control programmes in the country.
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Jönsson, Bodil. "Epidemiological and immunological studies of environmental mycobacteria : with focus on Mycobacterium abscessus /." Göteborg : Clinical Bacteriology Section, Dept of Infectious medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2077/19060.

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Linde, Charlotte M. A. "Defense peptides against Mycobacteria /." Stockholm, 2005. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2005/91-7140-480-5/.

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Sherratt, Anna Louise. "Lipid bodies in mycobacteria." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/30499.

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A survey of clinical samples revealed that LBs are a universal feature of tubercle bacilli in sputum. A number of conditions including hypoxia, Nitric Oxide (NO) exposure, pH, heat and cold shock were shown to promote LB formation in M. tuberculosis in vitro. The formation of LBs in NO exposed M. tuberculosis was shown to correlate with the level of antibiotic tolerance displayed by the population. Antibiotic tolerance was thought to be a result of transitory growth arrest; however attempts to assess the growth status of LB positive M. tuberculosis cells were unsuccessful. The morphology of LBs in mycobacteria varied according to the growth condition of the cell and may be due to a change in lipid composition. The mechanism by which LBs are formed in mycobacteria remains unknown; however, there was some evidence to suggest that it follows a scheme similar to that which has been previously demonstrated in Rhodococcus opacus. It was concluded that LB formation in mycobacteria may depend on a number of environmental factors, including conditions that promote growth arrest. The formation of LBs in M. tuberculosis may anticipate antibiotic tolerance. The presence of LBs in sputum tubercle bacilli may be used to assess treatment response in patients with tuberculosis; however, it remains to be shown that LB positive M. tuberculosis cells in vitro represent the physiological LB positive sputum bacilli.
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Mathie, Heather. "Early macrophage response to Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/31378.

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Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) is the causative agent of Johne's disease, a chronic enteritis that has a damaging economic and welfare impact on the livestock industry. Johne's disease in cattle is known to reduce milk yield and carcass value, making it of economic concern to both dairy and beef farmers. In addition, there is cause for concern regarding zoonotic transmission, as there is an unconfirmed but potential relationship between MAP infection and human Crohn's disease, which presents similar clinical symptoms. MAP is most often contracted by neonates through the faecal-oral route, but can also be spread through contact with contaminated milk and colostrum, as well as in utero. Once the host receives an oral dose, the bacteria traverse the gut epithelium and are phagocytosed by gut macrophages residing in the lamina propria and Peyer's patches. MAP are able to evade the macrophage response by resisting intracellular degradation within phagosomes. Infected macrophages respond to the infection by secreting several pro-inflammatory cytokines that drive the downstream immune response and granuloma formation. This work aimed to elucidate key early responses of bovine monocyte derived macrophages (MDM) to MAP infection, and determine the reliability of using the reference strain, K10 (which is likely to have undergone lab adaptation) to model the infection in vitro, by comparing the MDM response to K10 with the response to a recent clinical isolate, C49. At a multiplicity of infection of 5 (MOI 5), there was a significant decrease in K10 intracellular survival (~90%), compared to C49 intracellular survival, over a 24 hour infection time-course. This suggests that K10 may have lost some virulence mechanism through lab adaptation. Understanding the mechanisms of how MDM respond to these two strains could be informative for the design of targeted vaccines When further investigating the MDM response to both strains, it was found that, at MOI 5, MDM infected with K10 secreted higher levels of IL-1β and IL-10, compared to MDM infected with C49. Both cytokines are associated with mycobacterial infection and could perhaps indicate that MDM are more responsive to the K10 strain at early time-points. In addition, MDM infected with K10 produced significantly higher levels of reactive nitrogen species (RNS). RNS are antimicrobial products that can destroy invading pathogens, and have been shown to have bactericidal effects on MAP. The production of RNS could, therefore be a potential mechanism by which MDM are able to kill K10 more efficiently than C49. An additional aim of this project was to understand the importance of the route of phagocytosis in determining the outcome of MAP infection. MDM express several phagocytic receptors, including Fc receptors (FcRs), complement receptors (CR), Ctype lectin receptors and scavenger receptors. This project mainly focused on the role of the mannose receptor (MR) on bacterial uptake and downstream immune responses, as past studies have suggested that other species of mycobacteria such as M. tuberculosis, target the mannose receptor in order to regulate macrophage immune responses. Blocking the MR reduced intracellular survival for both strains of MAP; however, the mechanism by which the MR influences intracellular survival remains poorly understood The effect of opsonisation on MAP prior to uptake by phagocytic cells was also investigated, as presence of opsonins, such a complement proteins and antibody, can change the mechanism by which pathogens are phagocytosed. MAP were incubated in serum from either MAP- negative or MAP- positive cattle, prior to infection and the percentage uptake and survival assessed by performing colony counts. Opsonisation in serum from Johne's negative cattle resulted in marked increase in MAP uptake but not intracellular survival, whereas opsonisation in serum from Johne's positive cattle did not increase uptake but decreased the intracellular survival rate by 24 HPI. This finding highlights a potential protective role of antibody early in the infection process, and could significantly impact how the infection is modelled in future, as anti-MAP antibody may be present in contaminated milk at the point of infection. Taken together, the data presented in this thesis show that bacterial strain has a significant impact on MDM response to MAP infection, which may have important implications for the interpretation of previous studies and the design of future studies investigating host-pathogen interactions in the context of paratuberculosis. Additionally, this work has shown that RNS production and the mechanism of uptake can affect intracellular survival rates, and although this needs further investigation, the findings could have implications for the design of future vaccines.
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Books on the topic "Mycobacteria"

1

R, Gangadharam P., ed. Mycobacteria. Chapman and Hall, 1995.

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Gangadharam, Pattisapu R. J., and P. Anthony Jenkins, eds. Mycobacteria. Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-7511-5.

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Ratledge, Colin, and Jeremy Dale, eds. Mycobacteria. Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781444311433.

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Gangadharam, Pattisapu R. J., and P. Anthony Jenkins, eds. Mycobacteria. Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5987-0.

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J, Gangadharam Pattisapu R., and Jenkins P. Anthony, eds. Mycobacteria. Chapman & Hall, 1998.

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Gangadharam, Pattisapu Rama Jogi, 1930- and Jenkins P. A, eds. Mycobacteria. Chapman & Hall, 1998.

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Parish, Tanya, and Neil G. Stoker. Mycobacteria Protocols. Humana Press, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1385/0896034712.

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Parish, Tanya, and Anuradha Kumar, eds. Mycobacteria Protocols. Springer US, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-1460-0.

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Parish, Tanya, and David M. Roberts, eds. Mycobacteria Protocols. Springer New York, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2450-9.

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Parish, Tanya, and Amanda Claire Brown, eds. Mycobacteria Protocols. Humana Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-207-6.

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Book chapters on the topic "Mycobacteria"

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Goodfellow, Michael, and John G. Magee. "Taxonomy of Mycobacteria." In Mycobacteria. Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5987-0_1.

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Collins, Frank M. "Animal Models for Tuberculosis Research." In Mycobacteria. Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5987-0_10.

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Heifets, L. B., and P. A. Jenkins. "Speciation of Mycobacteria in Clinical Laboratories." In Mycobacteria. Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5987-0_11.

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de Kantor, Isabel N., and Adalbert Laszlo. "Tuberculosis Laboratory Procedures for Developing Countries." In Mycobacteria. Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5987-0_12.

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Gangadharam, Pattisapu R. J. "Drug Resistance in Tubercle Bacilli." In Mycobacteria. Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5987-0_2.

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Shinnick, Thomas M. "Molecular Biology of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis." In Mycobacteria. Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5987-0_3.

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Crawford, Jack T. "Molecular Approaches to the Detection of Mycobacteria." In Mycobacteria. Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5987-0_4.

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Grange, John M. "Pathogenesis of Mycobacterial Disease." In Mycobacteria. Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5987-0_5.

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Falkinham, Joseph O. "Transmission of Mycobacteria." In Mycobacteria. Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5987-0_6.

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Jarvis, William R. "Nosocomial Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Outbreaks: Risk Factors, Prevention Intervention Efficacy, and Guidelines." In Mycobacteria. Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5987-0_7.

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Conference papers on the topic "Mycobacteria"

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Pedrero Tejada, Sandra, Eva Tabernero Huguet, Borja Ortiz De Urbina Antia, et al. "MYCOBACTERIUM KANSASII LUNG INFECTIONS COMPARED TO OTHER NONTUBERCULOUS MYCOBACTERIA." In ERS International Congress 2018 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2018.pa4718.

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Markova, A. Yu, та L. G. Kondratyeva. "СREATION OF RECOMBINANT MYCOBACTERIAL STRAINS EXPRESSING HSPA14". У XI МЕЖДУНАРОДНАЯ КОНФЕРЕНЦИЯ МОЛОДЫХ УЧЕНЫХ: БИОИНФОРМАТИКОВ, БИОТЕХНОЛОГОВ, БИОФИЗИКОВ, ВИРУСОЛОГОВ, МОЛЕКУЛЯРНЫХ БИОЛОГОВ И СПЕЦИАЛИСТОВ ФУНДАМЕНТАЛЬНОЙ МЕДИЦИНЫ. IPC NSU, 2024. https://doi.org/10.25205/978-5-4437-1691-6-88.

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TLR are known as the main receptors on the surface of innate immune cells and involved in the training of these cells. A plasmid containing the TLR agonist gene, HSPA14, was obtained to create recombinant mycobacterial strains expressing trained immunity activators. Mycobacteria were transformed by this plasmid, cell lysates were analyzed using western blot.
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Smolianova, N. A., N. V. Lekontceva, and A. D. Nikulin. "STUDY OF THE INTERACTION OF COLD SHOCK PROTEINS FROM MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS WITH SRNAS." In XI МЕЖДУНАРОДНАЯ КОНФЕРЕНЦИЯ МОЛОДЫХ УЧЕНЫХ: БИОИНФОРМАТИКОВ, БИОТЕХНОЛОГОВ, БИОФИЗИКОВ, ВИРУСОЛОГОВ, МОЛЕКУЛЯРНЫХ БИОЛОГОВ И СПЕЦИАЛИСТОВ ФУНДАМЕНТАЛЬНОЙ МЕДИЦИНЫ. IPC NSU, 2024. https://doi.org/10.25205/978-5-4437-1691-6-272.

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Tuberculosis is a common infection affecting both humans and animals. The disease is caused by various strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which causes about two million deaths worldwide each year. Once infiltrated into the host, mycobacteria inhibit autophagy and intercellular signaling, they are also resistant to toxic substances, which ensures their survival within macrophages. M. tuberculosis exhibits a high degree of genetic diversity, which contributes to their resistance to drugs. The emergence of multidrug-resistant strains (MDRTB) is a serious public health problem, complicating the diagnosis and treatment of the disease. Drugs used to control TB often require a long therapeutic regimen, increasing the risk of side effects. Understanding the mechanisms by which mycobacteria evade the immune response opens new horizons for the development of vaccines and more effective therapeutic approaches. For example, one of the survival strategies of this pathogen is the presence of multiple small regulatory RNAs (mRNAs) that form complex regulatory networks with mRNAs, helping the bacterium to rapidly and efficiently adapt its metabolism at different stages of infection. Normally, the process of translation regulation involving small regulatory RNAs is actively supported by RNA chaperones, proteins that promote the unraveling of the RNA secondary structure and the interaction of different RNA molecules such as mRNA and mRNA. Since the known and most studied RNA chaperones Hfq and ProQ were not found in mycobacteria, there is an assumption that this role may be performed by other RNA-binding proteins, such as members of the CspA/CspB protein family.
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Nishio, C., H. Konishi, T. Ochi, K. Oh, and H. Tomioka. "Clinical Significance of Isolation of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Among Patients with Non-Tuberculous Mycobacteria." In American Thoracic Society 2019 International Conference, May 17-22, 2019 - Dallas, TX. American Thoracic Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2019.199.1_meetingabstracts.a5179.

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Branagan, Peter, Benvon Moran, Margaret Fitzgibbon, et al. "A Tale Of Two Mycobacteria." In American Thoracic Society 2012 International Conference, May 18-23, 2012 • San Francisco, California. American Thoracic Society, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2012.185.1_meetingabstracts.a2331.

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Conceição, Mariana, Ângela Dias Cunha, Rita Ferro, et al. "Non-tuberculous mycobacteria: five year experience." In ERS International Congress 2020 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2020.3342.

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Gonzalez Muñoz, Imanol, Jone Solorzano Egurbide, Edurne Echevarria Guerrero, et al. "NON-TUBERCULOUS MYCOBACTERIA IN THE ELDERLY." In ERS Congress 2024 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2024.pa5059.

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Dymova, Maya, Olga Alkhovik, Lubov Evdokimova, Andrey Cherednichenko, Tatjana Petrenko, and Yana Batyrshina. "Whole genome-sequencing of non-tuberculous mycobacteria." In ERS International Congress 2016 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2016.pa891.

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Shah, Neeraj, Akanksha Malhotra, Felicity Perrin, Marc Lipman, George Santis, and Ronan Breen. "Mediastinal nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) – A rare entity." In Annual Congress 2015. European Respiratory Society, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2015.pa2681.

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Alkhovik, Olga, Tatiana Petrenko, and Ivan Meshkov. "Drug resistance of Nontuberculous mycobacteria in Siberia." In ERS International Congress 2019 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2019.pa3636.

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Reports on the topic "Mycobacteria"

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Lollis, Blake D., and Robert S. Kent. Cluster of Nontuberculous Mycobacteria Skin Infections from Tattoos. Defense Technical Information Center, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada523390.

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Fritzinger, David C. Rapid Detection of Mycobacteria in Patients with HIV Infection. Defense Technical Information Center, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada281636.

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Patel, Rubina J. Rapid Detection of Mycobacteria in Patients with HIV Infection. Defense Technical Information Center, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada255253.

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Fritzinger, David C. Rapid Detection of Mycobacteria in Patients with HIV Infection. Defense Technical Information Center, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada265567.

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แก้วกิติณรงค์, กมล, та นิพนธ์ อุดมสันติสุข. บทบาทของ MAIT cells ในการควบคุมการติดเชื้อแบคทีเรีย Mycobacterium tuberculosis : รายงานการวิจัย. จุฬาลงกรณ์มหาวิทยาลัย, 2016. https://doi.org/10.58837/chula.res.2016.28.

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วัณโรค (Tuberculosis) เป็นสาเหตุหลักของการเสียชีวิตจากโรคติดเชื้อของประชากรทั่วโลก (1) วัณโรคเกิดจากการติดเชื้อแบคทีเรีย Mycobacterium tuberculosis ภูมิต้านทานของร่างกายที่มีต่อเชื้อ Mycobacterium tuberculosis ประกอบด้วยเซลล์จากส่วนของ innate immunity และ adaptive immunity ในส่วนของ adaptive immunity กลุ่มของ T cells ที่มีส่วนสำคัญ ได้แก่ ทั้ง conventional T cells (ทั้ง CD8+ และ CD4+) และ non-conventional T cells (MAIT, NKT, CD1-restricted T cells) (2) MAIT (Mucosal-associated invariant T) cells จัดอยู่ในกลุ่มของ non-conventional T cells ที่พบได้ปริมาณมากตามเยื่อบุของร่างกาย รวมถึงปอด (3) นอกจากนี้ MAIT cells ยังพบได้ในกระแสเลือดมากถึง 10% ของ T cells ทั้งหมด ซึ่งนับว่าเป็นปริมาณที่สูงสำหรับ T cells ที่มี specificity ต่อ antigen ชนิดเดียวกัน (โดยเฉพาะเมื่อเปรียบเทียบกับ classical HLA-restricted T cells) MAIT cells เป็นกลุ่มเซลล์ที่มีคุณสมบัติ antibacterial activity โดยการหลั่งทั้ง cytokines และ cytotoxicity molecules ออกมาจากกลุ่มเซลล์นี้ การศึกษาเท่าที่มีได้แสดงให้เห็นความสัมพันธ์ระหว่าง MAIT cells และเชื้อจุลชีพ Mycobacteriu tuberculosis โดยที่กลุ่มเซลล์นี้สามารถที่จะได้รับการกระตุ้นด้วย Mycobacterium species ได้ และพบปริมาณ MAIT cells ในกระแสดเลือดของผู้ป่วยที่เป็นวัณโรคนั้นลดลงและมีการหลั่ง cytokines ที่ลดลง เมื่อเปรียบเทียบกับอาสาสมัครที่ปกติ การศึกษาโครงวิจัยในรายงานวิจัยฉบับนี้มุ่งเน้นที่จะศึกษาความสัมพันธ์และบทบาทของ MAIT cells ในการควบคุมและ/หรือ การป้องกัน/การต่อสู้ทำลายเชื้อ Mycobacterium tuberculosis ในมนุษย์ โดยเป็นการติดตามการเปลี่ยนแปลงของ MAIT cells เป็นระยะเวลา 6 เดือน กับผู้ป่วยวัณโรคที่ได้รับการรักษาที่ รพ. จุฬาลงกรณ์ ตลอดระยะเวลาของการรักษา
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Nelson, Corwin D., Donald C. Beitz, Timothy A. Reinhardt, and John D. Lippolis. Regulation of Immune Responses to Mycobacteria bovis by a Paracrine Mechanism of Vitamin D Signaling in Cattle. Iowa State University, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-646.

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Yu, Guocan, Yanqin Shen, Xudong Xu, and Lihua Lin. Nucleic acid amplification techniques for rapid diagnosis of non-tuberculous mycobacteria: A protocol of systematic review and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2020.11.0076.

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Bercovier, Herve, Raul Barletta, and Shlomo Sela. Characterization and Immunogenicity of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis Secreted and Cellular Proteins. United States Department of Agriculture, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1996.7573078.bard.

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Our long-term goal is to develop an efficient acellular vaccine against paratuberculosis based on protein antigen(s). A prerequisite to achieve this goal is to analyze and characterize Mycobacterium paratuberculosis (Mpt) secreted and cellular proteins eliciting a protective immune response. In the context of this general objective, we proposed to identify, clone, produce, and characterize: the Mpt 85B antigen and other Mpt immunoreactive secreted proteins, the Mpt L7/L12 ribosomal protein and other immunoreactive cellular proteins, Mpt protein determinants involved in invasion of epithelial cells, and Mpt protein antigens specifically expressed in macrophages. Paratuberculosis is still a very serious problem in Israel and in the USA. In the USA, a recent survey evaluated that 21.6% of the dairy herd were infected with Mpt resulting in 200-250 million dollars in annual losses. Very little is known on the virulence factors and on protective antigens of Mpt. At present, the only means of controlling this disease are culling or vaccination. The current vaccines do not allow a clear differentiation between infected and vaccinated animals. Our long-term goal is to develop an efficient acellular paratuberculosis vaccine based on Mpt protein antigen(s) compatible with diagnostic tests. To achieve this goal it is necessary to analyze and characterize secreted and cellular proteins candidate for such a vaccine. Representative Mpt libraries (shuttle plasmid and phage) were constructed and used to study Mpt genes and gene products described below and will be made available to other research groups. In addition, two approaches were performed which did not yield the expected results. Mav or Mpt DNA genes that confer upon Msg or E. coli the ability to invade and/or survive within HEp-2 cells were not identified. Likewise, we were unable to characterize the 34-39 kDa induced secreted proteins induced by stress factors due to technical difficulties inherent to the complexity of the media needed to support substantial M. pt growth. We identified, isolated, sequenced five Mpt proteins and expressed four of them as recombinant proteins that allowed the study of their immunological properties in sensitized mice. The AphC protein, found to be up regulated by low iron environment, and the SOD protein are both involved in protecting mycobacteria against damage and killing by reactive oxygen (Sod) and nitrogen (AhpC) intermediates, the main bactericidal mechanisms of phagocytic cells. SOD and L7/L12 ribosomal proteins are structural proteins constitutively expressed. 85B and CFP20 are both secreted proteins. SOD, L7/L12, 85B and CFP20 were shown to induce a Th1 response in immunized mice whereas AphC was shown by others to have a similar activity. These proteins did not interfere with the DTH reaction of naturally infected cows. Cellular immunity provides protection in mycobacterial infections, therefore molecules inducing cellular immunity and preferentially a Th1 pathway will be the best candidate for the development of an acellular vaccine. The proteins characterized in this grant that induce a cell-mediated immunity and seem compatible with diagnostic tests, are good candidates for the construction of a future acellular vaccine.
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Bercovier, Herve, Michael Collins, Aliza Cohen, and Louis Levy. Recognition and Production of Specific Antigens of Mycobacterium Paratuberculosis. United States Department of Agriculture, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1992.7600056.bard.

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Mederos Cuervo, Lilian Maria, Orestes Blanco González, Gilberto Fleites González, Miguel Angel Acosta Suárez, and Osvaldo Castro. Enfermedad diseminada por Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare con escrofulosis inguinal bilateral. Siicsalud.com, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21840/siic/137737.

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