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Academic literature on the topic 'Mycobacterium detection NRA'
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Journal articles on the topic "Mycobacterium detection NRA"
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Kumar Sah, Ranjit, Dwij Raj Bhatta, Gokarna Raj Ghimire, Bhuwaneswor Prasad Kandel, Bishnu Raj Tiwari, and Jeevan Bahadur Sherchand. "Evaluation of Nitrate Reductase Assay For Rapid Detection of Drug Resistant Tuberculosis." Journal of Health and Allied Sciences 3, no. 1 (2019): 44–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.37107/jhas.53.
Full textAbstract:
Emergence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) urgently demands for simple, rapid and inexpensive methods of its detection for the effective treatment of drug resistant tuberculosis, particularly in low-income countries. This prospective study was carried out at National Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory and South Asian Association of Regional Cooperation (SAARC) Tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS Centre, Thimi, Bhaktapur, Nepal, from November 2009 to May 2010 to evaluate nitrate reductase assay (NRA) efficacy for rapid determination of streptomycin, isoniazid, rifampicin and ethambutol susceptibility of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains. A total of 113 clinical isolates of M. tuberculosis were tested for four first line antitubercular drugs by nitrate reductase assay and were compared with standard proportion method. Results were available in 7-14 days by NRA as compared to proportion method which generally takes 4-6 weeks. The sensitivity and specificity of NRA were 98.1% and 100% for isoniazid, 95.1% and 98.6% for rifampicin, 91.4% and 94.9% for streptomycin, and 78.6% and 97.9% for ethambutol respectively. Agreement between NRA and proportion method were 99.1%, 97.3%, 93.8%, 95.6% for isoniazid, rifampicin, streptomycin and ethambutol, respectively. NRA is easier, inexpensive and reliable method for susceptibility testing of Mycobacterum tuberculosis for isoniazid and rifampicin, the two most important drugs for the treatment of tuberculosis. The reduction in susceptibility testing time, and higher sensitivity and specificity of NRA method is of fundamental importance in detecting MDR-TB.
 Key words: Drug susceptibility, MDR-TB, NRA, proportion method
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Falodun, Olutayo Israel, Idowu Simeon Cadmus, and Obasola Ezekiel Fagade. "Direct detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis with nitrate reductase assay and microscopic observation drug susceptibility." European Journal of Biological Research 11, no. 1 (2021): 34–44. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4295881.
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The global increase in tuberculosis drug resistant which is a threat to its control, require low cost method of diagnosis and detection. Available conventional and molecular methods consume time, and are expensive for countries with high disease burden. Nitrate Reductase Assay (NRA) and Microscopic Observation Drug Susceptibility (MODS) performance to directly detect tuberculosis resistance to four drugs was evaluated. The NRA (liquid and solid) and MODS performance of smear-positive sputum samples were evaluated; Sensitivities and specificities were compared with Proportion Method (PM). Sensitivity and specificity of liquid NRA (LNRA) were 90% and 98% (rifampicin), 81.8% and 100% (isoniazid), 88.9% and 98.1% (streptomycin), and 57.1% and 94.4% (ethambuthol). Also, the sensitivity and specificity for solid NRA (SNRA) were 69.2% and 98.3% (rifampicin); 100% and 100% (isoniazid); 88.9% and 95.2% (streptomycin); 70% and 80.6% (ethambuthol). Moreover, For MODS, rifampicin and isoniazid sensitivity and specificity was 100%, it was 100% and 98.1% for streptomycin, and 71.4% and 98.2% for ethambuthol. At day 14, the results available for LNRA, SNRA and MODS were 93%, 68.5% and 100% respectively. The agreement between LNRA and PM was 97% (RIF, INH and SM) and 90% (EMB). For SNRA, it was 93% (RIF), 100% (INH), 94% (SM) and 89% (EMB). While for MODS, it was 100% (RIF and INH), 98% (SM) and 95% (EMB). Direct NRA and MODS are sensitive, reliable and fast for antituberculosis drug susceptibility; they have potential to effectively and reliably detect drug resistant tuberculosis in the low resource countries.
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Sah, Ranjit Kumar, DR Bhatta, GR Ghimire, BP Kandel, BR Tiwari, and JB Sherchand. "Evaluation of Nitrate Reductase Assay for Rapid Detection of Drug Resistant Tuberculosis." SAARC Journal of Tuberculosis, Lung Diseases and HIV/AIDS 9, no. 2 (2013): 4–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/saarctb.v9i2.7971.
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Introduction: Emergence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) urgently demands for simple, rapid and inexpensive methods of its detection for the effective treatment of drug resistant tuberculosis, particularly in low-income countries. Methodology: This prospective study was carried out at National Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory and South Asian Association of Regional Cooperation (SAARC) Tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS Centre, Thimi, Bhaktapur, Nepal, from November 2009 to May 2010 to evaluate nitrate reductase assay (NRA) efficacy for rapid determination of streptomycin, isoniazid, rifampicin and ethambutol susceptibility of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains. Results: A total of 113 clinical isolates of M. tuberculosis were tested for four first line antitubercular drugs by nitrate reductase assay and were compared with standard proportion method. Results were available in 7-14 days by NRA as compared to proportion method which generally takes 4-6 weeks. The sensitivity and specificity of NRA were 98.1% and 100% for isoniazid, 95.1% and 98.6% for rifampicin, 91.4% and 94.9% for streptomycin, and 78.6% and 97.9% for ethambutol, respectively. Agreement between NRA and proportion method were 99.1%, 97.3%, 93.8%, 95.6% for isoniazid, rifampicin, streptomycin and ethambutol, respectively. Conclusion: NRA is easier, inexpensive and reliable method for susceptibility testing of Mycobacterum tuberculosis for isoniazid and rifampicin, the two most important drugs for the treatment of tuberculosis. The reduction in susceptibility testing time, and higher sensitivity and specificity of NRA method is of fundamental importance in detecting MDR-TB. SAARC Journal of Tuberculosis, Lung Diseases & HIV/AIDS; 2012; IX(2) 5-8 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/saarctb.v9i2.7971
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Lemus, Dihadenys, Ernesto Montoro, Miguel Echemendía, Anandi Martin, Françoise Portaels, and Juan Carlos Palomino. "Nitrate reductase assay for detection of drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis: simple and inexpensive method for low-resource laboratories." Journal of Medical Microbiology 55, no. 7 (2006): 861–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.46540-0.
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The nitrate reductase assay (NRA) was used as an alternative method for detection of resistance to the first-line antituberculous drugs isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol and streptomycin. A total of 320 strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis were studied and the results compared with the proportion method (PM) on Löwenstein–Jensen medium. The mean time to obtain results was 10 days and the overall agreement between the NRA and PM was 98.8 %. The NRA was easy to perform and represents a useful tool for rapid and accurate determination of drug-resistant M. tuberculosis strains in low-resource countries.
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K., Mamuda, S. Olonitola O., D. Jatau E., and Nicholas E. "Evaluation of Nitrate Reductase Assay for Detection of Multi-drug Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis among Patients at National Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory Zaria Nigeria." Journal of Advances in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences 14, no. 1 (2017): 1–7. https://doi.org/10.9734/JAMPS/2017/33705.
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<strong>Aims: </strong>To evaluate nitrate reductase assay for detection of multi-drug resistant <em>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</em> among patients at National Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory Zaria Nigeria. <strong>Study Design:</strong> Hospital based cross sectional study <strong>Place and Duration of Study:</strong> National Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory Zaria Nigeria from December 2015 to June 2016. <strong>Methodology:</strong> A total of 437 re-treatment patients’ samples were screened for Acid Fast Bacilli (AFB), 72 were smear positive. Out of 72 smears positive, 62 were culture positive, using Lowenstein Jensen medium, 57 were found to be <em>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</em> complex (MTBC) using immunochromatographic test. In this study the susceptibility of 57 MTBC isolates to isoniazid (INH), rifampicin (RIF), streptomycin (STR) and Ethambutol (EMB) was determined by Lowenstein Jensen proportion method (LJPM) and Nitrate Reductase Assay (NRA) <strong>Results:</strong> The sensitivity and specificity of NRA compared to that of LJPM were observed to be 98% and 89%, 98% and 92%, 64% and 80%, 68% and 77% for RIF, INH, STR, and EMB respectively. Positive predictive values were 91%, 93%, 87% and 83% for RIF, INH, STR and EMB respectively. Negative predictive values were 80%, 92%, 67% and 90% for RIF, INH, STR and EMB respectively .Overall, the sensitivity, specificity ,positive predictive value and negative predictive value of NRA in detecting MDR-TB were 90%,82%,85%and 73% respectively. Good agreement was found in all the tests with κ values of 0.63, 0.61, 0.61 and 0.62 for RIF, INH, EMB and MDR-TB respectively only STR shows moderate agreements with k value of 0.59. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> In the emergence of MDR-TB, the NRA may be of great importance due to its higher sensitivity and specificity for the rapid detection of rifampicin and isoniazid resistance, the two most important drugs for tuberculosis treatment. On the basis of our findings, NRA has the potential to be a useful tool for accurate detection of MDR-TB in the study area.
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Imperiale, Belén R., Nora S. Morcillo, Juan C. Palomino, Peter Vandamme, and Anandi Martin. "Predictive value of direct nitrate reductase assay and its clinical performance in the detection of multi- and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis." Journal of Medical Microbiology 63, no. 4 (2014): 522–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.070219-0.
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Conventional culture and drug susceptibility testing (DST) methods for Mycobacterium tuberculosis are laborious and time consuming. For this reason alternative rapid culture and DST techniques are urgently needed to shorten the time for drug-resistance detection. A total of 222 smear-positive sputum samples were evaluated by the direct nitrate reductase assay (D-NRA) on Lowenstein–Jensen medium, for the rapid and simultaneous detection of resistance to isoniazid, rifampicin, kanamycin and ofloxacin. p-Nitrobenzoic acid was also included for identification of the M. tuberculosis complex. Results were compared with the BACTEC MGIT 960 as gold standard. The general performance of the D-NRA was very good, reaching a global value of 97 %. D-NRA had a turn-around time of 16.9 days to obtain results while that of the indirect MGIT 960 system was 29 days. D-NRA is a low-cost technology, easy to set up in clinical laboratories and suitable to be used for DST of M. tuberculosis in all smear-positive samples.
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Lamsal, A., B. Thapa, M. Timilshina, SC Verma, GR Ghimire, and A. Gautam. "Direct Nitrate Reductase Assay for detection of drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis: rapid, simple and inexpensive method for low resource laboratories." International Journal of Infection and Microbiology 2, no. 2 (2013): 34–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijim.v2i2.8319.
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INTRODUCTION: The most common method for detection of drug-resistant-Tuberculosis (DR-TB) in resource-limited settings (RLSs) is indirect susceptibility testing on Lowenstein-Jensen (LJ) medium with results available only after 2-3 months. Rapid detection of drug resistance by direct Nitatre Reductase Assay (NRA) expedites Tuberculosis patient management. The objective of the study is to access the feasibility and performance of Direct NRA for detection of DR-TB in National Tuberculosis Center under the National Tuberculosis Control Programme (NTP). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Out of 416 previously treated and new pulmonary TB suspect cases; a total of 117 (28.1%) smear-positive sputa with a positivity score of 1+ or more were used in the study. The NRA results were compared with the gold standard LJ proportion method for 110 (94%) specimens while 7 were either contaminated or culture negative. RESULTS: In comparison with LJ proportion method, the respective sensitivities, specificities, NPV, PPV and kappa agreement were 97.2% (95% CI, 86-100), 95.9%(95% CI, 89-99), 92.1% (95% CI, 78-99) 98.6% (95% CI, 92-100), and 0.92 for INH, 100% (95%CI, 90-100), 98.7% (95% CI, 93- 100), 97.1% (95% CI, 85-100), 100% (95% CI, 95- 100) and 0.98 for RFM, 97.1% (95% CI, 85-100) ,96.1% (95%, 89-99), 91.7% (95% CI, 78-98), 98.7% ((95% CI, 93-100) and 0.92 for SM and 100% (95% CI, 88-100), 97.7% (95% CI, 91-100), 93.3% (95% CI, 78-99), 100% (95% CI, 95- 100)and 0.93 for EMB. CONCLUSIONS: The results obtained by direct NRA demonstrated excellent concordance for all drugs. Direct NRA is an assay which detects DR-TB directly from sputum rapidly and has the potential to become an alternative to existing methods particularly in resource-poor settings.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijim.v2i2.8319 Int J Infect Microbiol 2013;2(2):34-39
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Neena, Nagdeo, Thombare VR, and Date Kalpana. "Direct Nitrate Reductase Assay: Rapid Detection of MDR-TB in Low Resource Settings." PJSR 10, no. 1 (2017): 33–35. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8242521.
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Conventional methods based on measurement of growth in culture media containing antibiotics are available for detection of drug resistance in Mycobacterium Tuberculosis requiring several weeks for results. Newer methods like BACTEC are costly. Hence a simple and rapid alternative method of Nitrate Reductase Assay (NRA) was used in this study to detect resistance to Isoniazid (INH) and Rifampicin (RIF). Sputum samples were collected from patients attending DOTS centre at NKPSIMS from July 2012 to May 2013. Smear AFB Positive samples were only included. After decontamination, 112 sputum were inoculated on plain LJ and 3 Middle Brook 7H9 media (One Plain MB with KNO3, one with KNO3 and INH, one with KNO3 and RIF). Nitrate reduction was tested on Days 7, 10, 14 and 18 of incubation. Control strain H37Rv was used as positive control for nitrate reduction. Eleven samples were contaminated. NRA was performed on 101 samples. Fourteen were resistant to INH, whereas 6 were resistant to RIF and INH. Maximum (46) samples were nitrate positive on day 14. Twenty Eight and 22 samples were positive on day 10 and day 18 respectively. Positivity was seen as early as 7th day in only 5 samples. The present study concludes that this test, being easy, rapid, simple and time saving, can be applied directly on sputum positive patients without waiting for the culture. Thus, NRA can be used as rapid detection test for MDRTB cases in low resource settings.
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Gupta, Anamika, and Shampa Anupurba. "Direct drug susceptibility testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis against primary anti-TB drugs in northern India." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 4, no. 11 (2010): 695–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.1079.
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Introduction: The present study aimed to evaluate a rapid and inexpensive colorimetric nitrate reductase assay (NRA) performed directly on sputum specimens for detection of drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). Methodology: A total of 55 sputum samples were decontaminated and processed by modified Petroff's method. A part of the resulting suspension was used to perform direct NRA (DNRA) and direct proportion method (DPM) analysis. Of the 55 samples, 45 could be used to compare the two methods. Indirect drug sensitivity testing (DST) was also done for 14 MTB strains. Results: Excellent agreement was found between DNRA and DPM testing with κ values of 1, 0.91, 0.91, and 1 for RIF, INH, STR and EMB respectively. The sensitivities and specificities of DNRA compared to that of DPM were observed to be 100 and 100%, 100 and 93%, 95 and 96%, 100 and 100 % for RIF, INH, STR, and EMB respectively. Comparing the results of DNRA, DPM and indirect NRA with those of the gold standard indirect PM for 14 MTB strains showed that sensitivities, specificities and percent agreements were 100, 100 and 100% for all four tested drugs. Results for most of the specimens (55.6%) were available in 21 days with DNRA. Conclusions: We have saved valuable time by omitting the pre-isolation step and conclude that DNRA is a rapid, accurate and inexpensive method for direct DST of MTB and may become an appropriate alternative method for the resource limited settings.
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Woods, Gail L. "Molecular Techniques in Mycobacterial Detection." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 125, no. 1 (2001): 122–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/2001-125-0122-mtimd.
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Abstract Objective.—To assess the clinical utility of the commercial nucleic acid amplification (NAA) tests (ie, Amplified Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Direct Test, Gen-Probe, Inc and AMPLICOR Mycobacterium tuberculosis Test, Roche Molecular Systems, Inc) for direct detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. Data Sources.—Review of the English-language literature. Conclusions.—The performance of both NAA tests is excellent (sensitivity, ≥95%; specificity, 100%) when testing respiratory specimens that are smear-positive for acid-fast bacilli (AFB). Only the Gen-Probe assay is approved for testing respiratory specimens regardless of the AFB smear result. Data from 3 studies showed that the sensitivity of the Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Direct Test in smear-negative patients ranged from 83% to 85%, and that the specificity was 99%. Both NAA tests have been used to test nonrespiratory specimens; in some studies, the performance was comparable to the performance obtained for respiratory specimens, whereas in others, it was lower. The NAA tests also appear to be reliable tools for rapid detection of M tuberculosis complex in positive broth cultures of all specimen types (except blood). The impact of the NAA tests on patient outcome varies based on the result of the AFB smear. In smear-positive patients, public health and hospital infection-control resources are predominantly affected. The potential for influencing patient outcome is much greater when the AFB smear is negative. In smear-negative patients, the NAA test could provide more rapid diagnosis of tuberculosis and subsequent initiation of therapy; eliminate the need for invasive diagnostic procedures, which are both costly and pose an added risk to the patient; and allow earlier discharge of hospitalized patients. Prospective studies concerning the cost-effectiveness of the NAA tests are needed.
Conference papers on the topic "Mycobacterium detection NRA"
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Sultanov, Sanjar, Nargiza Parpieva, Kazim Mukhamedov, Mukhabbat Djurabaeva, Zuhriddin Nuriddinov, and Ekaterina Anvarova. "Detection of Nontuberculosis Mycobacteria in National Reference Laboratory (NRL) of Uzbekistan." In ERS International Congress 2020 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2020.1451.
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