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1

Cocito, C., P. Gilot, M. Coene, M. de Kesel, P. Poupart, and P. Vannuffel. "Paratuberculosis." Clinical Microbiology Reviews 7, no. 3 (1994): 328–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cmr.7.3.328.

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Paratuberculosis (Johne's disease) is a chronic, wasting, widespread mycobacteriosis of ruminants. It involves extensive mycobacterial shedding, which accounts for the high contagiousness, and ends with a fatal enteritis. Decreases in weight, milk production, and fertility produce severe economic loss. The DNA of the etiological agent (Mycobacterium paratuberculosis) has a base composition (66 to 67% G+C) within the range of that of mycobacteria (62 to 70% G+C), a size (4.4 x 10(6) to 4.7 x 10(6) bp) larger than that of most pathogenic mycobacteria (2.0 x 10(6) to 4.2 x 10(6) bp), and a high r
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2

Waters, W. R., B. J. Nonnecke, M. V. Palmer, et al. "Use of Recombinant ESAT-6:CFP-10 Fusion Protein for Differentiation of Infections of Cattle by Mycobacterium bovis and by M. avium subsp. avium and M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis." Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology 11, no. 4 (2004): 729–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cdli.11.4.729-735.2004.

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ABSTRACT Immunological diagnosis of Mycobacterium bovis infection of cattle is often confounded by cross-reactive responses resulting from exposure to other mycobacterial species, especially Mycobacterium avium. Early secretory antigenic target 6 (ESAT-6) and culture filtrate protein 10 (CFP-10) are dominant gamma interferon (IFN-γ)-inducing antigens of tuberculous mycobacteria, and they are absent from many environmental nontuberculous mycobacteria. Because M. avium exposure is the primary confounding factor in the diagnosis of M. bovis-infected animals, in vitro responses to a recombinant ES
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3

Laranja-da-Fonseca, Luis Femando, Alexandre Azevedo Oliva, Christian Campos Pereira, and Marcos Veiga dos Santos. "Doença de Johne: uma doença emergente em rebanhos leiteiros brasileiros." Revista de Educação Continuada em Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia do CRMV-SP 3, no. 2 (2000): 30–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.36440/recmvz.v3i2.3336.

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A Paratuberculose ou Doença de Johne é uma doença infecto-contagiosa, causada pelo Mycobacterium paratuberculosis, que se caracteriza por um processo inflamatório granulomatoso no intestino dos ruminantes domésticos e selvagens, determinando redução na digestibilidade dos alimentos, com consequente queda na produção de leite. Os animais infectados geralmente apresentam diarreia progressiva e perda de peso, Ainda que a literatura nacional apresente descrições da ocorrência de paratuberculose como casos isolados, não existem dados sobre a ocorrência da paratuberculose em rebanhos leiteiros no Br
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4

Ionina, S. V. "Cultivation of mycobacterium paratuberculosis." Siberian Herald of Agricultural Science 49, no. 2 (2019): 64–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.26898/0370-8799-2019-2-8.

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The paper presents a new solid growth medium for the cultivation of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis consisting of organic and inorganic ingredients. The study of diagnostic informative value and effectiveness of solid growth media used for cultivation of Mycobacterium Paratuberculosis was carried out in the laboratory conditions. Extract from birch-wood ash of 3% concentration and a growth stimulant of biological origin, peat oxide, were introduced as a mineral salt bases into the developed medium. When constructing the test medium, Lоwenstein–Jensen egg growth medium with the addition of mycob
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5

Paustian, Michael L., Vivek Kapur, and John P. Bannantine. "Comparative Genomic Hybridizations Reveal Genetic Regions within the Mycobacterium avium Complex That Are Divergent from Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis Isolates." Journal of Bacteriology 187, no. 7 (2005): 2406–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.187.7.2406-2415.2005.

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ABSTRACT Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis is genetically similar to other members of the Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC), some of which are nonpathogenic and widespread in the environment. We have utilized an M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis whole-genome microarray representing over 95% of the predicted coding sequences to examine the genetic conservation among 10 M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis isolates, two isolates each of Mycobacterium avium subsp. silvaticum and Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium, and a single isolate each of both Mycobacterium intracellulare and Mycobacterium
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6

Rowan, Neil J., Scott J. MacGregor, John G. Anderson, Douglas Cameron, and Owen Farish. "Inactivation of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis by Pulsed Electric Fields." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 67, no. 6 (2001): 2833–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.67.6.2833-2836.2001.

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ABSTRACT The influence of treatment temperature and pulsed electric fields (PEF) on the viability of Mycobacterium paratuberculosiscells suspended in 0.1% (wt/vol) peptone water and in sterilized cow's milk was assessed by direct viable counts and by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). PEF treatment at 50°C (2,500 pulses at 30 kV/cm) reduced the level of viable M. paratuberculosis cells by approximately 5.3 and 5.9 log10 CFU/ml in 0.1% peptone water and in cow's milk, respectively, while PEF treatment of M. paratuberculosisat lower temperatures resulted in less lethality. Heating alone at
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7

Coussens, Paul M. "Mycobacterium paratuberculosisand the bovine immune system." Animal Health Research Reviews 2, no. 2 (2001): 141–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/ahrr200134.

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AbstractMycobacterium aviumsubspeciesparatuberculosis(M. paratuberculosis) is the causative agent of Johne’s disease, a deadly intestinal ailment of ruminants. Johne’s disease is of tremendous economic importance to the worldwide dairy industry, causing major losses due to reduced production and early culling of animals. A highly controversial but developing link between exposure toM. paratuberculosisand human Crohn’s disease in some individuals has led to the suggestion thatM. paratuberculosisis also a potential food safety concern. As with many other mycobacteria,M. paratuberculosisis exquis
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8

Hostetter, J., R. Kagan, and E. Steadham. "Opsonization Effects on Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis-Macrophage Interactions." Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology 12, no. 6 (2005): 793–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cdli.12.6.793-796.2005.

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ABSTRACT High antibody titers in ruminants infected with Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis correlates with disease progression. Effects of humoral responses during mycobacterial infection are not completely understood. This study suggests that activation status may be an important factor in determining macrophage ability to limit proliferation of opsonized M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis.
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9

Barukcic, Ilija. "Mycobacterium Avium Subspecies Paratuberculosis." Modern Health Science 1, no. 1 (2018): p19. http://dx.doi.org/10.30560/mhs.v1n1p19.

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Objective: This systematic review assesses the causal relationship between Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) and Crohn’s disease (CD).
 Methods: A systematic review and meat-analysis of some impressive PCR based studies is provided aimed to answer among other questions the following question. Is there a cause effect relationship between Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis and Crohn’s disease? The method of the conditio per quam relationship was used to proof the hypothesis whether the presence of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis guarantees th
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10

Dupont, Chris, Keith Thompson, Cord Heuer, Brigitte Gicquel, and Alan Murray. "Identification and characterization of an immunogenic 22 kDa exported protein of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis." Journal of Medical Microbiology 54, no. 11 (2005): 1083–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.46163-0.

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An exported 22 kDa putative lipoprotein was identified in an alkaline phosphatase gene fusion library of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis and expressed in Mycobacterium smegmatis. The full nucleic acid sequence of the gene encoding P22 was determined and the ORF was cloned into a mycobacterial expression vector, enabling full-length P22 to be produced as a C-terminal polyhistidine-tagged protein in M. smegmatis. N-terminal sequencing of the recombinant protein confirmed cleavage of a signal sequence. Native P22 was detected in culture supernatants and cell sonicates of M. avium subs
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11

Corneli, Sara, Laura Corte, Luca Roscini, et al. "Spectroscopic Characterization of Bovine, Avian and Johnin Purified Protein Derivative (PPD) with High-Throughput Fourier Transform InfraRed-Based Method." Pathogens 8, no. 3 (2019): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens8030136.

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Tuberculins purified protein derivatives (PPDs) are obtained by precipitation from heat treated mycobacteria. PPDs are used in diagnosis of mycobacterial infections in humans and animals. Bovine PPD (PPDB) is obtained from Mycobacterium bovis (Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex), while Avian PPD (PPDA) and Johnin PPD (PPDJ) are extracted, respectively, from Mycobacterium avium and M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis (M. avium complex). PPDB and PPDA are used for bovine tuberculosis diagnosis, while PPDJ is experimentally used in the immunodiagnosis of paratuberculosis. Although PPDs date back to
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12

Stanley, Emma C., Richard J. Mole, Rebecca J. Smith, et al. "Development of a New, Combined Rapid Method Using Phage and PCR for Detection and Identification of Viable Mycobacterium paratuberculosis Bacteria within 48 Hours." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 73, no. 6 (2007): 1851–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01722-06.

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ABSTRACT The FASTPlaqueTB assay is an established diagnostic aid for the rapid detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from human sputum samples. Using the FASTPlaqueTB assay reagents, viable Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis cells were detected as phage plaques in just 24 h. The bacteriophage used does not infect M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis alone, so to add specificity to this assay, a PCR-based identification method was introduced to amplify M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis-specific sequences from the DNA of the mycobacterial cell detected by the phage. To give further diagnos
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13

Shin, Sung Jae, and Michael T. Collins. "Thiopurine Drugs Azathioprine and 6-Mercaptopurine Inhibit Mycobacterium paratuberculosis Growth In Vitro." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 52, no. 2 (2007): 418–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.00678-07.

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ABSTRACT The in vitro susceptibility of human- and bovine-origin Mycobacterium paratuberculosis to the thioupurine drugs 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) and azathioprine (AZA) was established using conventional plate counting methods and the MGIT 960 ParaTB culture system. Both 6-MP and AZA had antibacterial activity against M. paratuberculosis; isolates from Crohn's disease patients tended to be more susceptible than were bovine-origin isolates. Isolates of Mycobacterium avium, used as controls, were generally resistant to both AZA and 6-MP, even at high concentrations (≥64.0 μg/ml). Among rapidly gr
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14

Rosseels, Valérie, Sylvie Marché, Virginie Roupie, et al. "Members of the 30- to 32-Kilodalton Mycolyl Transferase Family (Ag85) from Culture Filtrate of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis Are Immunodominant Th1-Type Antigens Recognized Early upon Infection in Mice and Cattle." Infection and Immunity 74, no. 1 (2006): 202–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.74.1.202-212.2006.

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ABSTRACT The characterization of protective antigens is essential for the development of an effective, subunit-based vaccine against paratuberculosis. Surface-exposed and secreted antigens, present abundantly in mycobacterial culture filtrate (CF), are among the well-known protective antigens of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium bovis. Culture filtrate, prepared from Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis ATCC 19698 grown as a surface pellicle on synthetic Sauton medium, was strongly and early recognized in experimentally infected B6 bg/bg beige mice and cattle, as indicated by
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15

Wu, Chia-wei, Shelly K. Schmoller, Sung Jae Shin, and Adel M. Talaat. "Defining the Stressome of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis In Vitro and in Naturally Infected Cows." Journal of Bacteriology 189, no. 21 (2007): 7877–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00780-07.

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ABSTRACT Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis causes an enteric infection in cattle, with a great impact on the dairy industry in the United States and worldwide. Characterizing the gene expression profile of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis exposed to different stress conditions, or shed in cow feces, could improve our understanding of the pathogenesis of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis. In this report, the stress response of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis on a genome-wide level (stressome) was defined for the first time using DNA microarrays. Expression data analysis revealed uniqu
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16

Speer, C. A., M. Cathy Scott, John P. Bannantine, et al. "A Novel Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Diagnosis of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis Infections (Johne's Disease) in Cattle." Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 13, no. 5 (2006): 535–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cvi.13.5.535-540.2006.

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ABSTRACT Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) for the diagnosis of Johne's disease (JD), caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, were developed using whole bacilli treated with formaldehyde (called WELISA) or surface antigens obtained by treatment of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis bacilli with formaldehyde and then brief sonication (called SELISA). ELISA plates were coated with either whole bacilli or sonicated antigens and tested for reactivity against serum obtained from JD-positive and JD-negative cattle or from calves experimentally inoculated with M. avium subsp. p
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17

Rosseels, Valérie, Virginie Roupie, Denise Zinniel, Raúl G. Barletta, and Kris Huygen. "Development of Luminescent Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis for Rapid Screening of Vaccine Candidates in Mice." Infection and Immunity 74, no. 6 (2006): 3684–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.01521-05.

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ABSTRACT Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis is a slowly growing mycobacterial species, requiring 6 to 8 weeks of culture before colonies can be counted visually. Here, we describe the development of luminescent M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis expressing luxAB genes of Vibrio harveyi and its use for vaccine testing in an experimental mouse model, replacing fastidious CFU counting by rapid luminometry.
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18

KLANICOVA, B., I. SLANA, H. VONDRUSKOVA, M. KAEVSKA, and I. PAVLIK. "Real-Time Quantitative PCR Detection of Mycobacterium avium Subspecies in Meat Products." Journal of Food Protection 74, no. 4 (2011): 636–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-10-332.

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The aim of this work was to examine various purchased meat products and to find out if any traces of Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium, M. avium subsp. hominissuis, and M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis could be detected in these samples. Analysis of the meat products (raw, cooked, and fermented) was performed using a real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) method for the detection of specific insertion sequences: duplex qPCR for the detection of IS900 specific for M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis, and triplex qPCR for the detection of IS901 specific for Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium and IS1245 spe
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19

Bannantine, John P., Thomas J. Radosevich, Judith R. Stabel, Srinand Sreevatsan, Vivek Kapur, and Michael L. Paustian. "Development and Characterization of Monoclonal Antibodies and Aptamers against Major Antigens of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis." Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 14, no. 5 (2007): 518–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cvi.00022-07.

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ABSTRACT Specific antibodies, available in unlimited quantities, have not been produced against Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, the bacterium that causes Johne's disease (JD). To fill this gap in JD research, monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis were produced from BALB/c mice immunized with a whole-cell extract of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis. A total of 10 hybridomas producing MAbs to proteins ranging from 25 to 85 kDa were obtained. All MAbs showed some degree of cross-reactivity when they were analyzed against a panel of whole-cell protein l
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20

Sung, Nackmoon, and Michael T. Collins. "Thermal Tolerance of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 64, no. 3 (1998): 999–1005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.64.3.999-1005.1998.

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ABSTRACT D values (decimal reduction time; the time required to kill 1 log concentration of bacteria) were determined for both human and bovine strains (Dominic, Ben, BO45, and ATCC 19698) ofMycobacterium paratuberculosis in 50 mM lactate solution (pH 6.8) and in milk at four temperatures (62, 65, 68, and 71°C). Viable M. paratuberculosis organisms were quantified by a radiometric culture method (BACTEC). Thermal death curves for theM. paratuberculosis strains tested were generally linear, with R 2 of ≥0.90, but a few curves (R 2, 0.80 to 0.90) were better described by a quadratic equation. Th
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21

Konté, M. "La paratuberculose. Diagnostic d'un premier cas chez un bovin d'importation au Sénégal." Revue d’élevage et de médecine vétérinaire des pays tropicaux 41, no. 2 (1988): 147–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/remvt.8714.

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Le diagnostic de paratuberculose est porté pour la première fois au Sénégal sur un bovin importé de France. Les circonstances d’isolement de Mycobacterium paratuberculosis sont rapportées. Les particularités culturales du germe sont évoquées et discutées. L’auteur conclut en invoquant la nécessité d’appliquer les mesures de police sanitaire arrêtées en la matière.
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22

LORENCOVA, ALENA, PETRA VASICKOVA, JITKA MAKOVCOVA, and IVA SLANA. "Presence of Mycobacterium avium Subspecies and Hepatitis E Virus in Raw Meat Products." Journal of Food Protection 77, no. 2 (2014): 335–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-13-252.

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Meat and meat products may be the source of various pathogenic and potentially pathogenic agents for humans. We ascertained the occurrence of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, subsp. avium, and subsp. hominissuis, and hepatitis E virus in retail raw meat products. The DNA of at least one of the target M. avium subspecies was detected in 26 (29.2%) of 89 analyzed samples of meat products. Fourteen (15.7%), 1 (1.1%), and 17 (19.1%) samples contained the DNA of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, subsp. avium, and subsp. hominissuis, respectively. The number of mycobacterial c
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23

Weiss, Douglas J., Oral A. Evanson, Andreas Moritz, Ming Qi Deng, and Mitchell S. Abrahamsen. "Differential Responses of Bovine Macrophages to Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis and Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium." Infection and Immunity 70, no. 10 (2002): 5556–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.70.10.5556-5561.2002.

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ABSTRACT Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis and Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium are antigenically and genetically similar organisms; however, they differ in their virulence for cattle. M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis causes a chronic intestinal infection leading to a chronic wasting disease termed paratuberculosis or Johne's disease, whereas M. avium subsp. avium causes only a transient infection. We compared the response of bovine monocyte-derived macrophages to ingestion of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis and M. avium subsp. avium organisms by determining organism survival, super
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24

D'Haese, Eva, Iris Dumon, Hadewig Werbrouck, Valerie De Jonghe, and Lieve Herman. "Improved detection of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis in milk." Journal of Dairy Research 72, S1 (2005): 125–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022029905001226.

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At present there is no rapid microbiological method for the detection of viable Mycobacterium paratuberculosis in milk. By combining an extensive milk sample pretreatment with solid phase cytometry as the detection technique we were able to demonstrate viable mycobacterial cells in 50 ml of artificially contaminated pasteurized milk in less than one working day.
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Homuth, Matthias, Peter Valentin-Weigand, M. Rohde, and Gerald-F. Gerlach. "Identification and Characterization of a Novel Extracellular Ferric Reductase from Mycobacterium paratuberculosis." Infection and Immunity 66, no. 2 (1998): 710–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.66.2.710-716.1998.

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ABSTRACT A novel extracellular mycobacterial enzyme was identified in the ruminant pathogen Mycobacterium paratuberculosis. The enzyme was capable of mobilizing iron from different sources such as ferric ammonium citrate, ferritin, and transferrin by reduction of the metal. The purified reductase had a calculatedM r of 17,000, was sensitive to proteinase K treatment, and had an isoelectric point of pH 9. Analysis of the amino acid composition revealed glycine, serine, asparagine (or aspartic acid), and glutamine (or glutamic acid) as the most frequently occurring residues. Enzymatic activity w
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26

Cerf, O., and M. W. Griffiths. "Mycobacterium paratuberculosis heat resistance." Letters in Applied Microbiology 30, no. 4 (2000): 341–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1472-765x.2000.00718.x.

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27

Eastwood, M. A., C. P. Choudari, M. Macintyre, A. J. Richardson, and C. S. Stewart. "Antibodies to Mycobacterium paratuberculosis." Gut 34, no. 9 (1993): 1291. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gut.34.9.1291.

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28

Valentin-Weigand, P., and K. M. Moriarty. "Mycobacterium paratuberculosis binds fibronectin." Research in Microbiology 143, no. 1 (1992): 75–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0923-2508(92)90036-n.

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Volpe, Rosario, Thomas Fett, Dominique Cassart, Jacques Godfroid, and Annick Linden. "Mixed Mycobacterium avium subspecies avium and M avium subspecies paratuberculosis infection in a wild red deer (Cervus elaphus) in Belgium." Veterinary Record Case Reports 8, no. 2 (2020): e001130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vetreccr-2020-001130.

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This report describes a mixed Mycobacterium avium subspecies avium and M avium subspecies paratuberculosis infection in a free-ranging red deer (Cervus elaphus). The gross presentation was consistent with clinical paratuberculosis as previously reported in red deer and for other ruminants, with poor body condition, diarrhoea and mesenteric lymphadenitis. However, this animal presented unusual lung lesions, with necrosis and calcification similar to those reported for Mycobacterium bovis infection in wild and domestic ruminants. A mixed M avium subspecies avium and M avium subspecies paratuberc
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30

Castellanos, Elena, Alicia Aranaz, Katherine A. Gould, et al. "Discovery of Stable and Variable Differences in the Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis Type I, II, and III Genomes by Pan-Genome Microarray Analysis." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 75, no. 3 (2008): 676–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01683-08.

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ABSTRACT Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis is an important animal pathogen widely disseminated in the environment that has also been associated with Crohn's disease in humans. Three M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis genomotypes are recognized, but genomic differences have not been fully described. To further investigate these potential differences, a 60-mer oligonucleotide microarray (designated the MAPAC array), based on the combined genomes of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis (strain K-10) and Mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis (strain 104), was designed and validated. By use of
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31

Ssekitoleko, Judah, Lonzy Ojok, Ahmed Abd El Wahed, et al. "Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis Virulence: A Review." Microorganisms 9, no. 12 (2021): 2623. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9122623.

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To propose a solution for control of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) infections in animals as well as in humans, and develop effective prevention, diagnostic and treatment strategies, it is essential to understand the molecular mechanisms of MAP pathogenesis. In the present review, we discuss the mechanisms utilised by MAP to overcome the host defense system to achieve the virulence status. Putative MAP virulence genes are mentioned and their probable roles in view of other mycobacteria are discussed. This review provides information on MAP strain diversity, putative MAP viru
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32

Svastova, P., I. Pavlik, and M. Bartos. "Rapid differentiation of Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium and Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis by amplification of insertion element IS901." Veterinární Medicína 47, No. 5 (2012): 117–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5814-vetmed.

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The aim of this study was to examine the specificity of primers designed to detect the insertion element IS901 commonly used in differentiation of Mycobacterium avium complex strains. This study shows that one of these primers non-specifically anneals to a sequence inside insertion element IS900, specific IS of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis and to another sequence flanking this element. The resulting non-specific amplicon can be a product of amplification from some M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis strains and can simulate the presence of insertion element IS901 in these strains. However siz
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33

Lázaro Sales, Mariana, Érica Bravo Sales, Andréa Alencar Padilha, Omara Tereza Vianello Pereira, and Antônio Augusto Fonseca Junior. "Desenvolvimento de uma PCR em tempo real para diagnóstico de Mycobacterium avium subespécie paratuberculosis." Revista Acadêmica Ciência Animal 11, no. 1 (2013): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.7213/academica.7760.

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A paratuberculose, ou Doença de Johne, é uma doença crônica degenerativa que incide nos ruminantes domésticos. O agente etiológico Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) é um bacilo de crescimento lento pertencente ao complexo Mycobacterium avium (MAI). Nos EUA, a enfermidade acarreta grandes prejuízos econômicos. No Brasil, são poucos os relatos de casos da doença e não se conhece a real situação epidemiológica da paratuberculose bovina. O objetivo desse trabalho foi padronizar um teste de Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase (PCR) em tempo real para auxiliar na confirmação de casos da e
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34

Olsen, Ingrid, Liv J. Reitan, Gudmund Holstad, and Harald G. Wiker. "Alkyl Hydroperoxide Reductases C and D Are Major Antigens Constitutively Expressed by Mycobacterium aviumsubsp. paratuberculosis." Infection and Immunity 68, no. 2 (2000): 801–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.68.2.801-808.2000.

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ABSTRACT Antigens characteristic for Mycobacterium aviumsubspecies paratuberculosis were identified by crossed immunoelectrophoresis (CIE) and by absorbing out cross-reactive antigens by using a polyclonal and polyvalent Mycobacterium avium subspecies avium antiserum. Two antigens were present in M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis and not detected in Mycobacterium avium subsp.avium. They were identified as antigens 17 and 20 in a CIE reference system for M. avium subsp.paratuberculosis antigens. Purified antigen 20 was identified as alkyl hydroperoxide reductase C (AhpC) while the N-terminal par
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35

HRUSKA, K., M. BARTOS, P. KRALIK, and I. PAVLIK. "Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosisin powdered infant milk: paratuberculosis in cattle – the public health problem to be solved." Veterinární Medicína 50, No. 8 (2012): 327–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5631-vetmed.

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Fifty one products of dried milk baby food purchased from 10 producers from seven countries available on the Czech market have been tested. IS900, the specific fragments for Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) have been detected using PCR in 25 samples (49.0 %) and fragment f57 by real time PCR in 18 samples (35.3%). These results correspond to the epidemiological situation in Europe and are not unexpected. Paratuberculosis in cattle was almost unknown in the Czech Republic until 1990. An increase in the number of cows with paratuberculosis found in slaughterhouses and the incide
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36

Wu, Chia-wei, Michael Livesey, Shelly K. Schmoller, et al. "Invasion and Persistence of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis during Early Stages of Johne's Disease in Calves." Infection and Immunity 75, no. 5 (2007): 2110–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.01739-06.

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ABSTRACT Infection with Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis causes Johne's disease in cattle and is a serious problem for the dairy industry worldwide. Development of models to mimic aspects of Johne's disease remains an elusive goal because of the chronic nature of the disease. In this report, we describe a surgical approach employed to characterize the very early stages of infection of calves with M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis. To our surprise, strains of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis were able to traverse the intestinal tissues within 1 h of infection in order to colonize dist
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37

Grant, Irene R., Hywel J. Ball, and Michael T. Rowe. "Isolation of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis from Milk by Immunomagnetic Separation." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 64, no. 9 (1998): 3153–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.64.9.3153-3158.1998.

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ABSTRACT An immunomagnetic separation (IMS) technique was developed to facilitate selective isolation of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis cells from milk. Rabbit polyclonal antibodies against radiation-killed intact M. paratuberculosiscells were produced and used to coat sheep anti-rabbit immunoglobulin G (IgG) type M-280 Dynabeads. The rabbit anti-M. paratuberculosis IgG-coated beads (IMB) reacted strongly with laboratory strains of M. paratuberculosis as determined by slide agglutination, and microscopic examination confirmed that M. paratuberculosis cells attached to the IMB. The IMB were fou
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38

Berger, Sven, Dominik Hinz, John P. Bannantine, and J. Frank T. Griffin. "Isolation of High-Affinity Single-Chain Antibodies against Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis Surface Proteins from Sheep with Johne's Disease." Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 13, no. 9 (2006): 1022–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cvi.00163-06.

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ABSTRACT Johne's disease, caused by infection with Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, causes significant economic losses to the livestock farming industry. Improved investigative and diagnostic tools—necessary to understand disease processes and to identify subclinical infection—are much sought after. Here, we describe the production of single-chain antibodies with defined specificity for M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis surface proteins. Single-chain antibodies (scFv) were generated from sheep with Johne's disease by cloning heavy-chain and lambda light-chain variable regions and ex
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39

Marri, Pradeep Reddy, John P. Bannantine, Michael L. Paustian, and G. Brian Golding. "Lateral gene transfer in Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 52, no. 6 (2006): 560–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w06-001.

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Lateral gene transfer is an integral part of genome evolution in most bacteria. Bacteria can readily change the contents of their genomes to increase adaptability to ever-changing surroundings and to generate evolutionary novelty. Here, we report instances of lateral gene transfer in Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, a pathogenic bacteria that causes Johne's disease in cattle. A set of 275 genes are identified that are likely to have been recently acquired by lateral gene transfer. The analysis indicated that 53 of the 275 genes were acquired after the divergence of M. avium subsp.
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40

Suharti, Ika, Ni Luh Putu Ika Mayasari, and Fachriyan Hasmi Pasaribu. "Dekontaminasi Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis pada feses menggunakan beberapa jenis desinfektan." Jurnal Sain Veteriner 36, no. 1 (2018): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jsv.26849.

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Paratuberculosis or Johne’s Disease is a granulomatous enteritis chronic disease of domestic and wild ruminants caused by infection of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis. The disease commonly infects dairy cattle with clinical signs of chronic diarrhea, decreasing body weight, low milk production, oedema, anemia and occasionally infertility. The basic procedure in order to control Paratuberculosis in farms is to do a good and proper handling of animal faecal. Disinfection of animal environments such as pens, faecal, sewerage and sewage are important in prevention of transmission o
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41

Davis, William C., Gaber S. Abdellrazeq, Asmaa H. Mahmoud, et al. "Advances in Understanding of the Immune Response to Mycobacterial Pathogens and Vaccines through Use of Cattle and Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis as a Prototypic Mycobacterial Pathogen." Vaccines 9, no. 10 (2021): 1085. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9101085.

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Lack of understanding of the immune response to mycobacterial pathogens has impeded progress in development of vaccines. Infection leads to development of an immune response that controls infection but is unable to eliminate the pathogen, resulting in a persistent infection. Although this puzzle remains to be solved, progress has been made using cattle as a model species to study the immune response to a prototypic mycobacterium, Mycobacterium a. paratuberculosis (Map). As chronicled in the review, incremental advances in characterizing the immune response to mycobacteria during the last 30 ye
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42

Chiodini, R. J. "Abolish Mycobacterium paratuberculosis strain 18." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 31, no. 7 (1993): 1956–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.31.7.1956-1958.1993.

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43

Erasmus, D. L., T. C. Victor, P. J. van Eeden, V. Falck, and P. van Helden. "Mycobacterium paratuberculosis and Crohn's disease." Gut 36, no. 6 (1995): 942. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gut.36.6.942-b.

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44

Lund, B. M., C. W. Donnelly, and A. Rampling. "HEAT RESISTANCE OF MYCOBACTERIUM PARATUBERCULOSIS." Letters in Applied Microbiology 31, no. 2 (2000): 184–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2672.2000.00784.x.

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45

Tanaka, K., M. Wilks, P. J. Coates, M. J. Farthing, J. A. Walker-Smith, and S. Tabaqchali. "Mycobacterium paratuberculosis and Crohn's disease." Gut 32, no. 1 (1991): 43–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gut.32.1.43.

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46

Woo, Seng-Ryong, Raúl G. Barletta, and Charles J. Czuprynski. "Extracellular ATP Is Cytotoxic to Mononuclear Phagocytes but Does Not Induce Killing of Intracellular Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis." Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 14, no. 9 (2007): 1078–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cvi.00166-07.

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ABSTRACT Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis is the etiologic agent of Johne's disease, a chronic granulomatous enteritis in ruminants. ATP has been reported to induce cell death of macrophages and killing of Mycobacterium species in human and murine macrophages. In this study we investigated the short-term effect of ATP on the viability of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis-infected bovine mononuclear phagocytes and the bacilli within them. Addition of 5 mM ATP to M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis-infected bovine monocytes resulted in 50% cytotoxicity of bovine monocytes at 24 h. Additio
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47

Ayele, W. Y., M. Macháčková, and I. Pavlík. "The transmission and impact of paratuberculosis infection in domestic and wild ruminants." Veterinární Medicína 46, No. 7–8 (2001): 205–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/7878-vetmed.

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Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (M. paratuberculosis) infects domestic cattle, sheep, goats, deer, camelids and wild ruminants leading to chronic enteritis known as paratuberculosis (Johne’s disease). The infection is chronic, progressive and unresponsive to treatment. Most infected animals do not develop clinical disease but may excrete the bacteria. Clinically sick animals suffer emaciation and in some species diarrhoea, followed by eventual death. During the course of the disease, excretion of M. paratuberculosis in faeces and milk occurs, and the organism spreads thro
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48

DIMARELI-MALLI (Ζ. ΔΗΜΑΡΕΛΛΗ-ΜΑΛΛΗ), Z., and C. SARRIS (Κ. ΣΑΡΡΗΣ). "Possible association between Mycobacterium paratuberculosis infection and Crohn's disease in human." Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society 48, no. 2 (2018): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.15794.

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Crohn's disease is a granulomatous ileocolitis of humans, of unknown aetiology, which generally manifests itself during the prime of life. The chronic, progressive clinical course and histological findings are consistent wiht a mycobacterial aetiology. Evidence supporting a pathogenic role for a mycobacterium has become available only in the last decade with the isolation of this microorganism from Crohn's disease tissue. M. paratuberculosis, which is the causative agent of Johne's disease in animals, has been identified in patients with Crohn's disease by PCR and DNA hybridisation techniques.
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49

Dhand, Navneet K., Jenny-Ann L. M. L. Toribio, and Richard J. Whittington. "Adsorption of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis to Soil Particles." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 75, no. 17 (2009): 5581–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00557-09.

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ABSTRACT Attachment of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis to soil particles could increase their availability to farm animals, as well as influence the transportation of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis to water sources. To investigate the possibility of such attachment, we passed a known quantity of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis through chromatography columns packed with clay soil, sandy soil, pure silica, clay-silica mixture, or clay-silica complexes and measured the organisms recovered in the eluent using culture or quantitative PCR. Experiments were repeated using buffer at a r
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Foddai, Antonio, Christopher T. Elliott, and Irene R. Grant. "Maximizing Capture Efficiency and Specificity of Magnetic Separation for Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis Cells." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 76, no. 22 (2010): 7550–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01432-10.

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ABSTRACT In order to introduce specificity for Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis prior to a phage amplification assay, various magnetic-separation approaches, involving either antibodies or peptides, were evaluated in terms of the efficiency of capture (expressed as a percentage) of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis cells and the percentage of nonspecific binding by other Mycobacterium spp. A 50:50 mixture of MyOne Tosylactivated Dynabeads coated with the chemically synthesized M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis-specific peptides biotinylated aMp3 and biotinylated aMptD (i.e., peptide-m
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