Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Mycologie médicale'
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Oudin, Philippe. "Interactions entre polychlorobiphényles et micro-organismes : modification expérimentale de la paroi de deux souches de levure Rhodotorula glutinis et Saccharomyces cerevisiae en vue de l'optimisation du phénomène de bioaccumulation." Nancy 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998NAN10361.
Full textAzizi, Mohamed. "Préparation et étude des structures de polymères d'anthocyanes." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994CLF1PP02.
Full textPagniez, Fabrice. "Évaluation et exploration des mécanismes d'action de nouveaux dérivés azolylbenzylindoles antileishmaniens et antifongiques." Nantes, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NANT18VS.
Full textRahaingoson, Farasoa. "Synthèse et étude comparative de l'activité antifongique de benzyl 2-furylcétones alpha-bromées et de benzyl 2-furylcétones alpha-fluorées : corrélation structure-activité." Toulouse, INPT, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPT052G.
Full textKimpiobi-Ninafiding, Bahipi. "Synthèse et activité antifongique de 2-furylcétones [alpha]-bromées : corrélation structure-activité." Toulouse, INPT, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989INPT020G.
Full textHérivaux, Anaïs. "Les récepteurs histidine kinases : structure et distribution chez les eucaryotes et caractérisation fonctionnelle chez l’espèce Scedosporium apiospermum rencontrée au cours de la mucoviscidose." Thesis, Angers, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ANGE0030.
Full textHistidine kinases (HKs) represent a broad family of proteins involved in the perception of environmental signals in bacteria, fungi and plants.These proteins play a major role in stress adaptation, but also in the virulence of many prokaryotic and eukaryotic microorganisms. Although HKs are now well known in bacteria and plants, both structurally and functionally, knowledge about these proteins in other clades of the living tree remains more than fragmentary. Thus the first objective of this work was the in silico exploration of the structure and distribution of HKs in eukaryotic organisms through several bioinformatics studies : i) in the lower fungi, ii)in budding yeasts, and finally iii) across all eukaryotic supergroups. Since HKs are not found in mammals, they have been attracting attention in recent years from the scientific community as new targets for the development of antimicrobials. It is precisely in this context that the experimental part of this project was initiated in the GHEIHP. This team is focusing on the multi-resistant filamentous Scedosporiumapiospermum, which ranks second among the molds capable of chronycally conolizing the lungs of cysticfibrosis patients. Thus, in order to identify new therapeutic targets of the fungus, the second part of this project focused on the functional characterization of HKs in S. apiospermum. In parallel, this study also led us to develop new molecular tools adapted to S. apiospermum for future studies of fluorescence or bioluminescence imaging
Hakkou, Abdelkader. "Mode d'action des antifongiques polyéniques sur l'enveloppe cellulaire de la levure Kluyveromyces lactis : étude du phénomène de résistance." Nancy 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NAN12023.
Full textAdonne, Moulin-Traffort Joëlle. "Etude cytologique ultrastructurale de l'action de quelques substances antifongiques sur les champignons pathogènes." Aix-Marseille 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990AIX22994.
Full textSebaa, Sarra. "Inhibition des biofilms à Candida albicans: recherche de nouvelles approches thérapeutiques." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/240654.
Full textDoctorat en Sciences biomédicales et pharmaceutiques (Médecine)
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Cassagne, Carole. "Identifications de champignons d'intérêt médical en mycologie et parasitologie par spectrométrie de masse de type MALDI-TOF : applications au diagnostic des infections fongiques." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM5064.
Full textDuring the last decade, MALDI-TOF MS has revolutionized microbiology by enabling the accurate identification of bacteria and yeast in only few minutes1. At the beginning of this work in 2010, MALDI-TOF MS was not yet optimized for mold identification. To meet this need, we established an identification protocol to generate interpretable mold spectra. The structure of the reference database was developed taking intoaccount the heterogeneity of molds in culture. Finally, a comprehensive reference database,including references for the majority of molds encountered in human pathology, was created in collaboration with the BCCM/IHEM. Identification performance of this database was tested and validated at both a local scale and an international scale . We also determined the best-adapted pre-treatment protocol to identify yeasts in a routine setting. The protocol was tested on a panel of 6192 yeast isolates recovered from clinical samples submitted to our laboratory over the course of one year. Using our fungal identification system, we were able to identify morphologically similar species and highlight the underestimation of fungal pathogen diversity. The development of our MALDI-TOF MS-based fungal identification system presents numerous opportunities in the field of mycological, from both an epidemiological and clinical point of view. In subsequent studies, defining the clinical meaning of emerging species identified via MALDI-TOF MS will profoundly modify our perspective of fungal diseases
Defosse, Tatiana. "Développement d'outils moléculaires standardisés pour les espèces levuriformes du clade CTG." Thesis, Tours, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOUR3803/document.
Full textThe fungal CTG clade includes well-known yeasts of clinical importance and/or biotechnological potential. Thus, albeit being intensively studied over the last 30 years, their uncommon genetic code precludes the use of the widely available markers and reporter systems for genetic approaches in these microorganisms. We provide here a toolbox to genetically manipulate a wide range of CTG clade species. Firstly, we developed a new series of versatile controllable expression vectors for M. guilliermondii. After, we characterized MPA-resistant gene IMH3.2 et used it as a drug resistance marker in several yeast species. Finaly, we provide a molecular toolbox suitable to genetically manipulate a broad range of prominent species from the CTG clade. This versatile toolkit represents a new starting point for successful developments of research in medical mycology in the CTG clade but also will expedite synthetic biology strategies in these microorganisms for biotechnological applications
Xu, Rui. "Investigations of Drosophila melanogaster host defenses against Aspergillus fumigatus systemic infections." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAJ020.
Full textThe overarching goal of this work is to better understand host defenses against the human opportunistic fungus Aspergillus fumigatus (Af). 1) An infection model has been reestablished in the genetic model organism Drosophila melanogaster. Only flies mutant for the immune response Toll pathway gene MyD88 succumb to the injection of a handful of conidia even though Af is unable to disseminate throughout its host. This work revealed that it is not the immune response that plays a cardinal role in host defense but its resilience capacity to the exposure to some mycotoxins secreted by Af. 2) A large-scale genetic screen has been implemented to identify transgenic RNAi mutant lines susceptible to Af infection in survival experiments. 6,471 lines have been screened and 241 candidate genes identified, few of which are known to act in the immune response. Thus, this work has contributed to identifying numerous genes involved in host resilience to Af and to some of its mycotoxins
Talarico, Claudio. "Leveduras em trato intestinal de população pediátrica hospitalizada." Universidade de São Paulo, 2003. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9136/tde-22052015-171831/.
Full textAt the last decades the nosocomial infections caused by yeasts raised significantly especially by Candida yeasts. The infections source can be endogen or exogenous, since spores of unicellular and multicellular are kept viable for months and several yeasts species are found in skin and mucosa of healthy people. In a saprophytic state yeasts are found in the human gastrointestinal tract but the relationship between the presence of these microorganisms and their pathology is associated with several facts such as: number, variety of sites colonized, effective use of antibiotics, associated infections caused by another microorganisms and mainly disturbance in due to lack of immunity and metabolic. Yeasts in the gastrointestinal tract can be transmitted fecal-oral direct or indirectly from an individual to another. The transmission of a strain in a saprophytic state to a host can result in colony followed by infection. The infection can be serious depending on the host conditions and the etiologic agent that includes virulent factor and resistance to antifungal drugs. These attributes are important to Candida albicans in which enzymes with phospholipase activity are responsible for virulent factors. Resistance phenotypes, otherwise it should occur more frequently in non-albicans species. Concerning the possibility of an endogen disease and the spread of virulent and resistant strains, from the gastrointestinal colony, studies that contribute to determine these agents that constitute the microbiota of patients, are important to know the natural story of nosocomial infections caused by yeasts. This work aims at evaluating the intestinal tract as a source of hospital infections by yeasts describing the remaining species in the first hours and a possible change depending on the time that may happen to virulent phenotypic and resistance to ant fungi. Two hundred eighty one yeast samples from sixty-six children attended in pediatric and semi-intensive units in 2 public hospitals located in São Paulo and Guarulhos cities in Brazil were analyzed. The fecal samples were collected at the first hours after and during their arrival at the hospital. To identify the yeasts according to their gender and species traditional methods were used, analyzing morphological and physiological aspects. The ability to produce enzymes phospholipase and proteinase was verified the same way it was proposed by Price et al. 1982 and Ruchel et al. 1982. The sensibility to antifungals: amphotericin B (AMB), f1uconazole (FZ), ketoconazole (CZ) e nistatin (NIS), was analyzed by the diffusion technical by disks (CECON São Paulo, Brazil). Resistant samples or with intermediate sensibility were confirmed by micro-dilution method according to NCCLS (1997) modified by EUCAST (2002). The isolated species were: Candida tropicalis (30%), C.parapsilosis (27%), C.krusei (4%), Trichosporon cutaneum e T.inkin (3%), Rhodotorula mucilaginosa e R.glutinis (2%), C.guilliermondii (2%), C.glabrata (1%) and C.kefyr (1%). Enzymatic activity was verified in most of the 84 C.albicans samples being 96% of phosfolipase and 95% of proteinase production. Among the non-albicans species of Candida it was observed 97% of phospholipase and 67% of proteinase activity. Less sensitive samples to azoic drugs including resistant or SDD sensibility, which depends on the achieved dose, were found in 4.3% of the 281 samples of yeast. The hugest percentage was observed in C.krusei (90%). We can conclude that different yeast species occur in stools of pediatric population hospitalized, including virulent strains and antifungal resistant phenotypes. The persistent of these phenotypes in the intestinal tract during hospitalization period may represents a risk facto r contributing to endogen infection, or play a role in dissemination of potential pathogens inside a nosocomial environment.
Fernandes, João Daniel Santos. "Avaliação dos genes TRP3 e TRP5 da via de biossíntese do triptofano no patógeno oportunista C. neoformans quanto a sua aplicabilidade como alvo de drogas antifúngicas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/87/87131/tde-03092015-125658/.
Full textCryptococcosis is a disease caused by C. neoformans, currently of great importance due to the increase in immunocompromised population. Furthermore, there are few therapeutic options for treating this disease. This study evaluated the tryptophan biosynthetic pathway as a possible target for the antifungal development. By using RNA interference technology we concluded that this metabolic pathway is essential for the survival of this yeast, and, therefore, it is a good target. In the same study, it was demonstrated that lethality results from the low uptake of the tryptophan amino acid by permeases, which undergo nitrogen catabolite repression and negative effect of temperature. Two specific inhibitors acting on the anthranilate synthase and tryptophan synthase, two key enzymes for the conversion of chorismate into tryptophan were tested. Both compounds caused growth inhibition of C. neoformans and C. gattii.
Ruiz, Luciana da Silva. "Fungemia por leveduras: perfis fenotípicos e moleculares e sensibilidade antifúngica de amostras isoladas no hospital das clínicas de Botucatu, São Paulo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/42/42132/tde-25112008-103426/.
Full textThis study was aimed to: identify the 70 isolates of Candida in a culture collection by the traditional method and by API 20C; identify the presence of C. dubliniensis; determine and compare the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of these samples in regard to the seven drugs (E-test); molecularly characterize sequential samples from the same patient by the PFGE technique; study the genotypic profile of all the isolates of C. albicans and C. parapsilosis by means of the microsatellite technique and compare the results with those obtained by the PFGE technique. The level of agreement between the traditional method and the API 20C was 93%. No isolate of C. dubliniensis was identified in the study. In relation to antifungal susceptibility, most of the samples presented a high percentage of susceptibility to the seven drugs tested. The molecular analysis by the PFGE technique revealed six different karyotype profiles among 24 sequential samples. In the comparison between the PFGE and microsatellite, the latter showed a greater discriminatory power for samples.
Rodrigues, Anderson Messias [UNIFESP]. "Taxonomia polifásica e características proteômicas do complexo Sporothrix schenckii." Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2010. http://repositorio.unifesp.br/handle/11600/10102.
Full textCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
A esporotricose é uma doença micótica, infecciosa e crônica de homem e animais, causada pela implantação traumática do patógeno e que normalmente envolve a derme e o tecido subcutâneo. Desde 1898, quando o agente etiológico esporotricose foi descoberto por Schenck, esta doença tem sido atribuída a um único patógeno, Sporothrix schenckii Hektoen & Perkins, um fungo termodimórfico, que cresce como levedura a 37 º C e como micélio à temperatura ambiente. No entanto, os isolados identificados como S. schenckii demonstraram uma grande variabilidade genética, sugerindo que este táxon consiste em um complexo de espécies crípticas. Com base nesta informação o nosso grupo está interessado no estudo da taxonomia polifásica deste complexo de espécies e suas implicações sobre a eco-epidemiologia da doença no Brasil. Foram estudadas 161 cepas de Sporothrix spp. provenientes de amostras clínicas e ambientais de diversas regiões do Brasil e outros países. Os parâmetros fenotípicos analisados levaram em consideração o crescimento vegetativo em meio PDA sob diferentes temperaturas (30, 35, 37 e 40 º C), a coloração da colônia em meio CMA, o padrão de assimilação de fontes de carbono (glicose, ribitol, rafinose e sacarose) e as características micro morfológicas in vitro. Os dados fenotípicos foram confirmados por biologia molecular utilizando as informações de sequenciamento de DNA de um fragmento do lócus calmodulina. Nossos dados mostram que S. brasiliensis, S. globosa, S. mexicana e S. schenckii tem uma ampla distribuição geográfica no Brasil. Para o nosso conhecimento, esta é a primeira descrição na literatura da espécie S. mexicana fora do México, e provocando doença em hospedeiro humano. S. brasiliensis foi isolado com alta frequência de gatos nos estados do Rio Grande do Sul e Rio de Janeiro, sugerindo que este animal tem sido um importante vetor na epidemiologia desta espécie. Uma abordagem proteômica foi proposta neste trabalho para comparar o perfil protéico de isolados de Sporothrix spp. com o intuito de entendermos as diferenças em termos de expressão de proteína entre as espécies crípticas. Os perfis 2-D foram fortemente diferentes entre os isolados. Para elucidar o principal antígeno da esporotricose humana, o fungo foi cultivado em meio BHI caldo, 37 °C e as proteínas intracelulares foram fracionadas por eletroforese bidimensional. As proteínas foram transferidas para uma membrana e, em seguida, incubadas com soro de pacientes com as duas principais formas clínicas da doença (cutânea fixa e linfocutânea). Nossos resultados demonstram que anticorpos IgG presentes no soro de pacientes reagem com diferentes antígenos dos isolados do complexo Sporothrix schenckii. O imunoblot mostrou que existem imunoglobulinas que reagem com um antígeno de 70 kDa em três isolados (S. brasiliensis, S. globosa e S. schenckii). Diferenças no perfil de antigenicidade foram observadas entre S. mexicana e as demais espécies aqui avaliadas.
Sporotrichosis is a chronic mycotic infectious disease of man and animals caused by the traumatic implantation of a pathogenic fungus that typically involves the skin and subcutaneous tissue. Since 1898, when the sporotrichosis etiological agent was discovered by Schenck, this disease has been attributed to a single pathogen, Sporothrix schenckii Hektoen & Perkins, a thermo dimorphic fungus that grow as a yeast at 37 ºC and as a mycelium at room temperature. However, isolates identified as S. schenckii showed a great deal of genetic variability, suggesting that this taxon consist in a cryptic species complex. Based on this information our group is interested in the study of the polyphasic taxonomy of this species complex and its implication on its ecoepidemiology in Brazil. We studied 161 strains of Sporothrix spp. provided from environmental and clinical samples obtained from diverse regions of Brazil and other countries. The phenotypic parameters assayed include vegetative growth on PDA media at different temperatures (30, 35, 37 and 40 ºC), the colony colors on CMA media, the assimilation pattern of carbon sources (raffinose, ribitol and sucrose) and morphological microscopic features of in vitro cultivation. The phenotypic data were confirmed by molecular biology using the sequencing information of a fragment of calmodulin locus. Our data show that the S. brasiliensis, S. globosa, S. mexicana and S. schenckii have a widespread geographical distribution in Brazil. To our knowledgement this is the first description of the specie S. mexicana outside of Mexico and causing disease in human host. S. brasiliensis was isolated with high frequency from cats in Rio Grande do Sul and Rio de Janeiro states, suggesting that cats has been an important vector in epidemiology of this specie. A proteomic approach was proposed in this work to compare protein profile of Sporothrix spp. isolates and get a better understanding about the differences in terms of protein expression among the cryptic species. The 2-D profiles were strongly different among the isolates. To elucidate the major antigen of human sporotrichosis, the fungus was cultured in BHI broth, 37 °C, and intracellular proteins were resolved by 2-DE. Proteins were transferred to a nitrocellulose membrane and then incubated with serum from patients with the two major clinical form of disease (cutaneous fixed and linfocutaneous). Our results show that IgG present in serum from patients react with different antigens from Sporothrix schenckii complex. Immunoblotting showed that the sera of patients had antibodies reacting with a 70 kDa antigen in three isolates (S. brasiliensis, S. globosa and S. schenckii). Profile differences in antigenicity were observed between S. mexicana and the other species studied here.
FAPESP: 2008/55975-8
TEDE
Sousa, Maria da Gloria Teixeira de. "Caracterização das funções dos linfócitos T CD4+ e T CD8+ na cromoblastomicose experimental." Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9136/tde-05012018-095528/.
Full textAbstract not available.
Ferreira, Karen Spadari. "Interação de Paracoccidioides brasiliensis com células dendríticas pulmonares induz produção de IL-10 e expressão de TLR2: possíveis mecanismos de suscetibilidade." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9136/tde-06072017-151921/.
Full textAn adaptive Th1-type immune response is required for protection against P.brasiliensis. Knowing that DC are the most effective APCs for inducing cellmediated immune responses, it is thus important to investigate lung DC and their potential to initiate an immune response in mice susceptible and resistant to PCM. Initially, we observed that lung DC from susceptible mice were more phagocytic than cells from resistant mice and we observed that phagocytosis in the presence of laminarin was inhibited only in DC from susceptible mice. Cytokines produced by DC from resistant mice showed a low concentration of IL-10, IL-12 and TNF-α. In contrast, DC from susceptible mice produced a high concentration of TNF-α and IL-10, but IL-10 production was significantly inhibited in the presence of laminarin. We also observed that DC from TLR-2KO mice presented a defective production of IL-10. We found that the gene expression for TLR2 is increased after infection in B10.A, but not in A/J mice. Thus, the capacity of lung DC from susceptible mice in inducing T cell activation was decreased. In conclusion, our data suggest that P.brasiliensis induces regulatory DC in susceptible mice, which promotes IL-10 production contributing to the susceptibility of B10.A mice against P.brasiliensis infection.