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Academic literature on the topic 'Mycoparasitic fungi'
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Journal articles on the topic "Mycoparasitic fungi"
1
Jeffries, Peter. "Biology and ecology of mycoparasitism." Canadian Journal of Botany 73, S1 (1995): 1284–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b95-389.
Full textAbstract:
The term mycoparasitism applies strictly to those relationships in which one living fungus acts as a nutrient source for another, but fungicolous relationships may also be included in which nutrient exchange has not been shown. Fungicolous fungi have a constant but indeterminate association with another fungus, and it can be difficult to demonstrate a true parasitic relationship. Mycoparasitic relationships can be necrotrophic or biotrophic, and can be classified on the basis of the host–parasite interface as contact necrotrophs, invasive necrotrophs, haustorial biotrophs, intracellular biotrophs, or fusion biotrophs depending on the intimacy of the relationship. In natural ecosystems, it is proposed that mycoparasitic relationships play an important role in the development of fungal communities. Two specific examples have been chosen to illustrate the general principles of mycoparasitism: the necrotrophic invasion of spores of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and the biotrophic invasion of mucoralean hosts by haustorial mycoparasites. Key words: mycoparasitism, fungicolous fungi, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, fungal ecology.
2
Quandt, Patterson, and Spatafora. "Harnessing the power of phylogenomics to disentangle the directionality and signatures of interkingdom host jumping in the parasitic fungal genus Tolypocladium." Mycologia 110, no. 1 (2018): 104–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00275514.2018.1442618.
Full textAbstract:
Host specialization is common among parasitic fungi; however, there are examples when transitions in host specificity between disparately related hosts have occurred. Here, we examine the interkingdom host jump from insect pathogenicity and mycoparasitism in Tolypocladium. Previous phylogenetic inferences made using only a few genes and with poor support reconstructed an ancestral character state of insect pathogenesis, a transition to mycoparasitism, and reversions to insect pathogenesis. To further explore the directionality and genes underlying the transitions in host, we sequenced two additional species of Tolypocladium (T. capitatum and T. paradoxum) and used phylogenomics to compare two insect pathogens and two mycoparasites. Our whole-genome-scale analysis suggests that the diversification of Tolypocladium species happened relatively quickly and that the truffle parasites form a monophyletic, derived lineage within the genus that is the result of a single ecological transition or host jump from insects to fungi. A significant amount of gene tree/species tree discordance occurs within the data set, and we infer this to be the product of both an historical hybridization event and incomplete lineage sorting that was likely because of the rapid diversification of the clade. Furthermore, comparative genomic analyses revealed a set of genes that are exclusive to the mycoparasitic species. These potentially mycoparasitic gene clusters were characterized by a reduced proportion of secreted proteins when compared with entomopathogen-enriched genes and involved the reshaping of the fungal secretome in the ecological context of mycoparasitism.
3
Omann, Markus, and Susanne Zeilinger. "How a Mycoparasite Employs G-Protein Signaling: Using the Example of Trichoderma." Journal of Signal Transduction 2010 (September 8, 2010): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/123126.
Full textAbstract:
Mycoparasitic Trichoderma spp. act as potent biocontrol agents against a number of plant pathogenic fungi, whereupon the mycoparasitic attack includes host recognition followed by infection structure formation and secretion of lytic enzymes and antifungal metabolites leading to the host's death. Host-derived signals are suggested to be recognized by receptors located on the mycoparasite's cell surface eliciting an internal signal transduction cascade which results in the transcription of mycoparasitism-relevant genes. Heterotrimeric G proteins of fungi transmit signals originating from G-protein-coupled receptors mainly to the cAMP and the MAP kinase pathways resulting in regulation of downstream effectors. Components of the G-protein signaling machinery such as G subunits and G-protein-coupled receptors were recently shown to play crucial roles in Trichoderma mycoparasitism as they govern processes such as the production of extracellular cell wall lytic enzymes, the secretion of antifungal metabolites, and the formation of infection structures.
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Németh, Márk Z., Alexandra Pintye, Áron N. Horváth, et al. "Green Fluorescent Protein Transformation Sheds More Light on a Widespread Mycoparasitic Interaction." Phytopathology® 109, no. 8 (2019): 1404–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-01-19-0013-r.
Full textAbstract:
Powdery mildews, ubiquitous obligate biotrophic plant pathogens, are often attacked in the field by mycoparasitic fungi belonging to the genus Ampelomyces. Some Ampelomyces strains are commercialized biocontrol agents of crop pathogenic powdery mildews. Using Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation (ATMT), we produced stable Ampelomyces transformants that constitutively expressed green fluorescent protein (GFP) to (i) improve the visualization of the mildew–Ampelomyces interaction and (ii) decipher the environmental fate of Ampelomyces fungi before and after acting as a mycoparasite. Detection of Ampelomyces structures, and especially hyphae, was greatly enhanced when diverse powdery mildew, leaf, and soil samples containing GFP transformants were examined with fluorescence microscopy compared with brightfield and differential interference contrast optics. We showed for the first time, to our knowledge, that Ampelomyces strains can persist up to 21 days on mildew-free host plant surfaces, where they can attack powdery mildew structures as soon as these appear after this period. As saprobes in decomposing, powdery mildew-infected leaves on the ground and also in autoclaved soil, Ampelomyces strains developed new hyphae but did not sporulate. These results indicate that Ampelomyces strains occupy a niche in the phyllosphere where they act primarily as mycoparasites of powdery mildews. Our work has established a framework for a molecular genetic toolbox for the genus Ampelomyces using ATMT.
5
Vivas, Janieli Maganha Silva, Silvaldo Felipe da Silveira, Pedro Henrique Dias dos Santos, Danilo Batista Pinho, and Olinto Liparini Pereira. "Selection of fungi with biocontrol potential against the black spot disease of papaya1." Pesquisa Agropecuária Tropical 47, no. 4 (2017): 369–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1983-40632017v4749178.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT The use of fungicides is the main control measure against the black-spot disease of papaya. The biological control is an alternative to that, being the selection of mycoparasitic fungi the first step in programs aiming at this kind of control. This study aimed to obtain and select fungi with potential to the biocontrol of the black spot disease of papaya. For this purpose, 24 isolates were collected from different regions and pathosystems, and then identified morphologically and by the ITS region sequencing. In order to evaluate the mycoparasite potential, two assessments, in a randomized block design, with three replications, were carried out in a shadehouse, being the obtained isolates inoculated on papaya leaves with black spot lesions. The average time for the appearance of mycoparasitism signs and the incidence of mycoparasitized black spot lesions were evaluated. Of the 24 isolates obtained, ten were from Hansfordia pulvinata, two from Lecanicillium lecaniium, two from Simplicillium lanossoniveum, one from Sarocladium implicatum and nine from Acremonium spp. A wide variability, concerning the mycoparasitism on black spot lesions, was observed, especially for the isolates H-611, H-613, H-614 and H-615, which showed the highest colonization averages. The results demonstrate that H. pulvinata has a great potential to be used as a biocontrol agent against Asperisporium caricae.
6
Zeilinger, Susanne, Barbara Reithner, Valeria Scala, Isabel Peissl, Matteo Lorito та Robert L. Mach. "Signal Transduction by Tga3, a Novel G Protein α Subunit of Trichoderma atroviride". Applied and Environmental Microbiology 71, № 3 (2005): 1591–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.71.3.1591-1597.2005.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT Trichoderma species are used commercially as biocontrol agents against a number of phytopathogenic fungi due to their mycoparasitic characterisitics. The mycoparasitic response is induced when Trichoderma specifically recognizes the presence of the host fungus and transduces the host-derived signals to their respective regulatory targets. We made deletion mutants of the tga3 gene of Trichoderma atroviride, which encodes a novel G protein α subunit that belongs to subgroup III of fungal Gα proteins. Δtga3 mutants had changes in vegetative growth, conidiation, and conidial germination and reduced intracellular cyclic AMP levels. These mutants were avirulent in direct confrontation assays with Rhizoctonia solani or Botrytis cinerea, and mycoparasitism-related infection structures were not formed. When induced with colloidal chitin or N-acetylglucosamine in liquid culture, the mutants had reduced extracellular chitinase activity even though the chitinase-encoding genes ech42 and nag1 were transcribed at a significantly higher rate than they were in the wild type. Addition of exogenous cyclic AMP did not suppress the altered phenotype or restore mycoparasitic overgrowth, although it did restore the ability to produce the infection structures. Thus, T. atroviride Tga3 has a general role in vegetative growth and can alter mycoparasitism-related characteristics, such as infection structure formation and chitinase gene expression.
7
Dominic, Menge, and ,. Marthamakobe. "Biological control of cashew powdery mildew using Ampelomyces quisqualis Ces." Journal of Biological Control 30, no. 4 (2017): 226. http://dx.doi.org/10.18311/jbc/0/15591.
Full textAbstract:
The evaluation of the possibility of exploiting <em>Ampelomyces quisqualis</em>, mycoparasitic fungi for the biocontrol of cashew powdery mildew (<em>Oidium anacardii</em>) was studied. An in vitro biological control test on detached leaves of cashew was used and a detailed microscopic analysis of the interactions between mycoparasite and <em>O. anacardii</em> conducted. Effect of mycoparasite on disease severity and incidence was discussed. <em>Ampelomyces quisqualis</em> was confirmed as a mycoparasite of <em>O. anacardii</em>. When grown near the pathogen,<em> A. quisqualis</em> was seen entwining around the pathogen mycelium. It was stimulated to produce branches that grew directly to the mycelium of pathogen<em> Ampelomyces quisqualis</em> firm attachment on the pathogen conidia resulted in the penetration and successful growth. Some of the impregnated <em>O. anacardii</em> conidia were found dead. Koch’s postulates were satisfied to establish the mycoparasitism of<em> A. quisqualis</em>.
8
Dominic, Menge, and ,. Marthamakobe. "Biological control of cashew powdery mildew using Ampelomyces quisqualis Ces." Journal of Biological Control 30, no. 4 (2017): 226. http://dx.doi.org/10.18311/jbc/2016/15591.
Full textAbstract:
The evaluation of the possibility of exploiting <em>Ampelomyces quisqualis</em>, mycoparasitic fungi for the biocontrol of cashew powdery mildew (<em>Oidium anacardii</em>) was studied. An in vitro biological control test on detached leaves of cashew was used and a detailed microscopic analysis of the interactions between mycoparasite and <em>O. anacardii</em> conducted. Effect of mycoparasite on disease severity and incidence was discussed. <em>Ampelomyces quisqualis</em> was confirmed as a mycoparasite of <em>O. anacardii</em>. When grown near the pathogen,<em> A. quisqualis</em> was seen entwining around the pathogen mycelium. It was stimulated to produce branches that grew directly to the mycelium of pathogen<em> Ampelomyces quisqualis</em> firm attachment on the pathogen conidia resulted in the penetration and successful growth. Some of the impregnated <em>O. anacardii</em> conidia were found dead. Koch’s postulates were satisfied to establish the mycoparasitism of<em> A. quisqualis</em>.
9
Tsuneda, A., and R. G. Thorn. "Interactions of wood decay fungi with other microorganisms, with emphasis on the degradation of cell walls." Canadian Journal of Botany 73, S1 (1995): 1325–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b95-394.
Full textAbstract:
Interactions of two wood decay fungi, Lentinula edodes and Pleurotus ostreatus, with other wood inhabiting microorganisms were investigated on agar and in fagaceous wood, primarily by scanning electron microscopy. Micromorphologically, there were two principal modes of cell wall degradation: (i) selective removal of amorphous wall components, followed by the degradation of skeletal microfibrils, and (ii) simultaneous degradation of all wall components. These two modes were observed in three different degradation systems: (i) sapwood wall degradation by the wood decay fungi, (ii) hyphal wall degradation by mycoparasitic Trichoderma, and (iii) hyphal wall degradation by pathogenic bacteria. The simultaneous-type wall degradation in the systems i and ii was usually caused by hyphal tips. In addition to the three systems, bacteriolysis by the wood decay fungi was also studied. The bacterial cell walls, as well as microfibril bundles of wood cellulose and fungal chitin, were all fragmented into minute granules at later stages of microbial degradation and the granules were further degraded into smaller units. Frequency of occurrence and strength of mycoparasitic activity of Trichoderma harzianum were influenced by the degree of wood decay where the interaction occurred. Presence of both cellulose and chitin microfibrils apparently enhanced the mycoparasitic activity. In Quercus wood, P. ostreatus showed a unidirectional growth toward bacterial colonies, which formed as the result of decomposition of dead nematodes, and consumed the unidentified bacteria. In nitrogen-deficient wood, fungal and bacterial cell walls may serve as an important reservoir of nitrogen for wood inhabiting microorganisms. Key words: wood decay, mycoparasitism, bacteriolysis, cellulose, chitin.
10
Soares de Melo, Itamar, Angela Maria Montes Peral Valente, Vanessa Nessner Kavamura, Elke Simoni Dias Vilela, and Jane Louise Faull. "Mycoparasitic nature of Bionectria sp. strain 6.21." Journal of Plant Protection Research 54, no. 4 (2014): 327–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jppr-2014-0049.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract In this study, a Bionectria sp. strain isolated from citrus rhizosphere was evaluated for its potential in inhibiting the growth of Rhizoctonia solani and Pythium aphanidermatum. It was demonstrated that Bionectria sp. 6.21 inhibited the growth of P. aphanidermatum and R. solani. In dual cultures, however, the antagonist only parasitised R. solani. Regarding the assay involving P. aphanidermatum, a lack of mycoparasitic ability was demonstrated. Crude extract of Bionectria completely inhibited the mycelial growth of both fungi. It appears that the main mechanism involved in the antagonism of Pythium by Bionectria is through antibiotic production. The antagonistic fungus released extracellular secondary metabolites. The metabolites were found to be inhibitory to both plant pathogenic fungi. From the crude extract, eleven fractions were obtained and tested for their antifungal properties. Two of them showed very strong activity against P. aphanidermatum. The obtained results indicated that this biocontrol agent has both antibiotic and mycoparasitic properties. On the other hand, evidence obtained from Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) suggests the involvement of an enzymatic process, with enzymatic digestion playing a major role in the parasitism of Bionectria sp. 6.21. In conclusion, these results provide evidence that mainly due to mycoparasitism, this strain has the potential to become a good candidate for biological control.