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Punyapornwithaya, Veerasak. "Molecular epidemiology of mycoplasma mastitis outbreak." Pullman, Wash. : Washington State University, 2010. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Dissertations/Spring2010/v_punyapornwithaya_042110.pdf.
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Van, der Merwe Elizabeth Frances. "Preliminary investigations into ostrich mycoplasmas : identification of vaccine candidate genes and immunity elicited by poultry mycoplasma vaccines." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/17411.
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Thesis (MSc)--University of Stellenbosch, 2006.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Ostrich farming is of significant economical importance in South Africa. Three ostrich mycoplasmas, Ms01, Ms02 and Ms03 have been identified previously, and were provisionally named ‘Mycoplasma struthiolus’ (Ms) after their host Struthio camelus. Ostrich mycoplasmas are the major causative organisms of respiratory diseases, and they cause stock losses, reduced production and hatchability, and downgrading of carcasses and therefore lead to large economic losses to the industry. In order to be pathogenic to their host, they need to attach through an attachment organelle, the so-called tip structure. This structure has been identified in the poultry mycoplasma, M. gallisepticum, and is made up of the adhesin GapA and adhesin-related CrmA. Currently, no ostrich mycoplasma vaccine is commercially available and for this reason the need to develop one has arisen. Therefore the first part of this study was dedicated to the identification and isolation of vaccine candidate genes in the three ostrich mycoplasmas. Four primer approaches for polymerase chain reactions (PCR’s), cloning and sequencing, were used for the identification of adhesin or adhesin-related genes from Ms01, Ms02 and Ms03. The primer approaches revealed that the target genes could not be identified due to the high diversity of sequences that were generated. Therefore sequences were also compared with those of other mycoplasma species in BLAST searches. Results showed that the most significant hit was with the human pathogen M. hominis oppD, which is located in the same operon as the membrane protein P100 involved in adhesion. Other hits were with ABC transporters which may also play a role in cytadhesion. The second part of this study was aimed at testing whether two poultry mycoplasma vaccines, M. synoviae and M. gallisepticum, can be used in ostriches to elicit immune responses until an ostrich mycoplasma vaccine has been developed. Ostriches on three farms of different age groups in the Oudsthoorn district were therefore vaccinated with these vaccines in a vaccine trial. The enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to test the level of antibody response. Results showed that both vaccines elicited an immune response in all three age groups. A high percentage of the ostriches reacted positively, which indicates that both vaccines elicit antibody responses and may therefore give protection against ostrich mycoplasma infections.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Volstruisboerdery is ‘n belangrike ekonomiese sektor in Suid-Afrika. Drie volstruismikoplasmas, Ms01, Ms02 en Ms03, is voorheen geïdentifiseer en voorlopig ‘Mycoplasma struthiolus’ (Ms) benaam na aanleiding van hul gasheer, Struthio camelus. Volstruismikoplasmas is die grootste oorsaaklike organismes van respiratoriese siektes, kudde verliese en die afgradering van karkasse wat lei tot groot ekonomiese verliese in die volstruisbedryf. Ten einde patogenies vir die gasheer te wees, moet mikoplasmas deur middel van ‘n aanhegtingsmeganisme vasheg – die sogenaamde puntvormige struktuur. Hierdie struktuur is in die pluimvee mikoplasma M. gallisepticum geïdentifiseer, en bestaan uit aanhegting proteïen GapA en die aanhegting verwante proteïen CrmA. Tans is geen volstruismikoplasma entstof kommersieel beskikbaar nie, en derhalwe het die behoefte ontstaan om so ‘n entstof te ontwikkel. Die eerste gedeelte van hierdie studie is dus gewy aan die identifisering en isolering van entstof kandidaat gene in al drie volstruismikoplasmas. Vier inleier benaderings vir polimerase ketting reaksies (PKR), klonering asook geenopeenvolging bepalings vir die identifisering van aanhegting of aanhegting verwante gene vanuit Ms01, Ms02 en Ms03 is gebruik. Die inleier benaderings het getoon dat die teikengene nie geïdentifiseer kon word nie as gevolg van hoë variasie in die gegenereerde geenopeenvolgings. Derhalwe is geenopeenvolgings met ander mikoplasma spesies deur middel van BLAST soektogte vergelyk. Resultate het getoon dat die betekenisvolste ooreenstemming dié met die menslike patogeen M. hominis oppD was, wat deel vorm van die membraan proteïen P100 operon wat betrokke is by aanhegting. Ander ooreenstemmings sluit ABC transporters in wat moontlik betrokke kan wees by aanhegting. Die tweede gedeelte van hierdie studie het ten doel gehad om te toets of twee pluimvee mikoplasma entstowwe, M. synoviae en M. gallisepticum, gebruik kan word in volstruise om immuunresponse te ontlok tot tyd en wyl ‘n volstruismikoplasma entstof ontwikkel is. Volstruise vanaf drie plase in verskillende ouderdomsgroepe in die Oudtshoorn distrik was ingeënt met hierdie entstowwe in ‘n entstof proefneming. Die ensiem-afhanklike immuno-absorpsie essaï (ELISA) was gebruik om antiliggaam response te toets. Die resultate het getoon dat beide entstowwe immuunresponse ontlok het in al drie ouderdomsgroepe. ‘n Groot persentasie van die volstruise het positief gereageer wat ‘n aanduiding is dat beide entstowwe immuunresponse ontlok het en kan dus beskerming bied teen volstruismikoplasma infeksies.
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Robinson, Sally Rae. "Isolation, characterisation and molecular typing of feline mycoplasma species." Connect to thesis, 2009. http://repository.unimelb.edu.au/10187/5512.
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The exact role of mycoplasma in feline ocular and respiratory disease is not yet understood. The results of previous studies are contradictory in this regard. There is some evidence to suggest that M. felis has a pathogenic role in such diseases, but it is inconclusive.The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and anatomical distribution of mycoplasmas in a population of shelter cats, to determine which species were present, and establish the association of their presence with ocular or respiratory disease.
The prevalence of mycoplasma in the 110 cats examined was 71.8%, as determined by in vitro culture. Mycoplasma was most commonly isolated from the pharynx, followed by the bronchus and conjunctiva. In infected cats, mycoplasmas were likely to be isolated from multiple anatomical sites.
The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to amplify part of the 16S rRNA gene, and the mutation scanning technique non-isotopic single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) was utilised to delineate mycoplasma isolates based on nucleotide sequence variation. PCR-SSCP proved to be a useful method to screen large numbers of samples for variation and to group them according to species.
The species of mycoplasma identified by nucleotide sequencing were M. felis and M. gateae. It was not determined whether it was possible to differentiate between M. gateae and M. arginini based on SSCP profile results with the target DNA region used due to their almost identical nucleotide sequence. This group of M. gateae/M. arginini served as a useful non-pathogenic comparison group to M. felis.
There was no statistically significant difference between M. felis and the M. gateae/M. arginini group with respect to prevalence or anatomic distribution. There was no evidence of any association of mycoplasma with disease linked to any of the anatomic locations studied.
Mycoplasmas were isolated from the lower respiratory tract in 42.7% of cats. The isolation of mycoplasmas from the lower respiratory tract of healthy cats has been reported once, but this is the first report of M. felis being isolated from this location in healthy cats. This finding indicates that the isolation of mycoplasmas from the lower respiratory tract is not sufficient evidence to implicate a role in respiratory disease.
Mycoplasmas were not significantly involved in ocular or respiratory disease in the population of cats studied. More likely, they are commensal organisms in the conjunctiva, pharynx and bronchus. Whether they are capable of playing an opportunistic role in disease, or what conditions may facilitate such a role remains to be determined.
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Carrington, Christopher Antony Paul. "The role of Mycoplasma species in bovine respiratory disease complex in feedlot cattle in South Africa." Electronic thesis, 2007. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-10312007-150332/.
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Strydom, Marliz. "The ostrich mycoplasma Ms02 partial genome assembly, bioinformatic analysis and the development of three DNA vaccines." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/80381.
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Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The South African ostrich industry is under enormous threats due to diseases contracted by the ostriches. H5N2 virus (avian influenza) outbreaks the past two years have resulted in thousands of ostriches having to be culled. However, the more silent respiratory infectious agents of ostriches are the three ostrich-specific mycoplasmas. Named Ms01, Ms02, and Ms03, these three mycoplasmas are responsible for dramatic production losses each year, due to their intrusive nature and the fact that no vaccines are currently available to prevent mycoplasma infections in ostriches. The use of antibiotics does not eradicate the disease completely, but only alleviates symptoms. The ostrich industry commissioned investigations into the development of three specific vaccines using the relatively novel approach of DNA vaccination. The concept of DNA vaccine development is based on the availability of complete genome sequences of the pathogen against which the vaccine is to be developed. This is necessary in order to identify vaccine candidate genes through comparative genomic studies. The Ms02 genome has previously been sequenced, resulting in 28 large contiguous sequences. This thesis used the technique of Thermal Asymmetric Interlaced Polymerase Chain Reaction (TAIL-PCR) to attempt assembly of these 28 contiguous sequences. The number was reduced to 14 large contiguous sequences, which were then subjected to repetitive sequence analysis and open reading frame analysis. Bioinformatic software was also used to predict the origin of replication. The extent of repeats in the Ms02 genome is illustrated, as well as the problems with genome assembly when dealing with repetitive-rich and A+T-rich genomes as those of mycoplasmas. Previous studies determined the mycoplasma oppA gene to be a good vaccine candidate gene, due to its cytadherent properties. This thesis describes the development of three DNA vaccines containing the Ms02 oppA gene, and a preliminary attempt to prove expression of one of these vaccines in a cell culture-based system. The DNA vaccine vectors pCI-neo, VR1012, and VR1020 were chosen for the vaccine development. The Ms02 oppA gene was also cloned into the prokaryotic expression vector pGEX-4T-1 in order to express the OppA protein for purification. The purified protein may be used in future serological tests in ostrich vaccination trials. In this study the protein was used to elicit anti-OppA rabbit antibodies, which were used to attempt detection of the pCI-neo-driven OppA protein expression in an MDA cell line in a transfection study. However, preliminary findings could not detect expression, but did indicate that the currently used colorimetric western blot technique may not be sensitive enough. It is suggested that different cell lines need to be investigated. Further optimisations are also required to decrease the observed non-specific binding.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Suid-Afrikaanse volstruisbedryf is onder geweldige druk vanweë siektes wat die volstruise bedreig. Die epidemie van die H5N2 virus (voëlgriep) in die afgelope twee jaar het veroorsaak dat duisende volstruise van kant gemaak moes word. Daar is egter nog ‘n bedreiging wat tot geweldige produksie verliese lei elke jaar: die respiratoriese infeksies wat versoorsaak word deur die drie volstruis mikoplasmas, genoem Ms01, Ms02 en Ms03. Geen entstowwe is tans beskibaar om die infeksies te voorkom nie, en behandeling met behulp van antibiotikas is nie effektief in die genesing van infeksie nie, maar help net om die simptome te verlig. Weens die erns van die saak, het die Suid-Afrikaanse volstruisbedryf ‘n ondersoek geloods na die ontwikkeling van enstowwe teen elkeen van die drie volstruis mikoplasmas. Die relatiewe nuwe benadering van DNA-entstof ontwikkeling was die strategiese keuse. Die beginsel van DNA-entstof ontwikkeling berus op die beskikbaarheid van die genoomvolgordes van die siekte-veroorsakende organisme waarteen die enstof ontwikkel word. Geskikte kandidaat entstof gene word so opgespoor met behulp van vergelykende studies met ander beskikbare genome. Die Ms02 genoomvolgorde is voorheen bepaal en word verteenwoordig deur 28 groot geenvolgorde fragmente. Die tegniek van Thermal Asymmetric Interlaced Polymerase Chain Reaction (TAIL-PCR) is gebruik om van die 28 fragmente aan mekaar te las. Die aantal fragmente is verminder na 14 groot geenvolgorde fragmente, wat vervolgens gebruik was om die omvang van herhalende volgordes in die genoom te bepaal, om nuwe leesrame te ondersoek, asook om die oorsprong van DNA replikasie op te spoor met behulp van bioinformatika sagteware. Die omvang van die herhalende aard van die Ms02 genoom word geïllustreer, asook die gepaardgaande probleme met die las van geenvolgorde fragmente wanneer met genome van veelvuldige herhalende volgordes, wat boonop A+T-ryk is, gewerk word, soos die van mikoplasmas. Vorige studies het die mikoplasma oppA geen geïdentifiseer as ‘n geskikte kandidaat entstof geen as gevolg van sy selaanhegting-eienskappe. Hierdie studie behels die invoeging van die Ms02 oppA geen in drie DNA-enstof vektore, naamlik pCI-neo, VR1012, en VR1020, asook die voorlopige poging om bewys van uitdrukking van een van die entstowwe in ‘n selkultuursisteem te bewerkstellig. Die geen is ook gekloneer in die prokariotiese ekspressie vektor pGEX-4T-1, ten einde die Ms02 OppA proteïen te isoleer. Die geïsoleerde proteïen kan in serologiese toetse in toekomstige volstruis enstof proewe gebruik word. In hierdie studie is die proteïen gebruik om konyn teenliggame teen dit op te wek, wat dan gebruik was om vir die pCI-neo-gedrewe ekspressie van die oppA geen te toets in ‘n selkultuur omgewing deur ‘n MDA sellyn te transfekteer. Die voorlopige resultate toon nie ekspressie van die OppA proteïen aan nie, maar het wel uitgelig dat die western blot tegniek wat tans gebruik word, dalk nie sensitief genoeg is nie. Dit kan belowend wees om ander tipes selle te toets. Verdere optimisering is ook nodig om die nie-spesifieke binding wat waargeneem is, te verlaag.
South African Ostrich Business Chamber
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Botes, Annelise. "Immunological and epidemiological investigations in South African ostriches and penguins." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53747.
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Dissertation (PhD)--University of Stellenbosch, 2004ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Newcastle disease (NO) and mycoplasma infections in ostriches have considerable economic implications for the South African ostrich industry in that NO is a limiting factor in the export of ostrich products to the European Union and mycoplasma infections cause stock losses, reduced production, reduced hatchability and downgrading of carcasses. In the first section of this dissertation, the role of passively acquired and mucosal immunity in protection of ostrich chicks against Newcastle disease virus (NOV) was investigated. Ostrich hen serum IgG and yolk IgY were isolated and characterized, and the transfer of maternal anti-NOV antibodies to the egg yolk was determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results indicated that anti-NOV antibodies were successfully transferred from the ostrich hen to the egg yolk. In addition, ostrich IgA was isolated, characterized and rabbit anti-ostrich IgA antibodies produced and used for measuring mucosal anti- NOV IgA antibodies produced in response to mucosal vaccination. Results indicated that the live La Sota vaccine stimulates IgA production and thus mucosal immunity in ostrich chicks. In the second section of this dissertation, ostrich mycoplasmas were isolated and identified using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. These sequences indicated that ostriches carry three unique mycoplasmas, which are phylogenetically quite divergent. The 16S rRNA gene sequences of the ostrich mycoplasmas were subsequently used for the development of specific primers for the detection and diagnosis of mycoplasma infections in ostriches by PCR. The last section of this dissertation focuses on avian malaria in African penguins and the management of this disease during rehabilitation. The Foundation for the Conservation of Coastal Birds (SANCCOB) is a seabird rescue and rehabilitation centre, which is largely dedicated to the rehabilitation of diseased, injured and oiled penguins. Significant mortalities due to avian malaria occur at this facility. The aim of this study was the development of an ELISA for the purpose of assessing the natural levels of anti-Plasmodium antibodies in African penguins on entry into the SANCCOB facility and during rehabilitation. Results indicated significant increases in anti- Plasmodium antibody levels after entry, which was not influenced by oiling. Infection with malaria and not parasite recrudescence was viewed to be the cause of this increase, indicating a possible role of the SANCCOB facility in exposing penguins to avian malaria.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Newcastlesiekte (NS) en mikoplasmainfeksies in voltruise het geweldige ekonomiese implikasies vir die Suid-Afrikaanse volstruisbedryf. Die rede hiervoor is dat NS 'n beperkende faktor in die uitvoer van volstruisprodukte na die Europese Unie is, en mikoplasmainfeksies tot kudde verliese, verlaagde produksie en uitbroei asook lae gradering van karkasse lei. In die eerste gedeelte van hierdie proefskrif is die rol van passiewe- en mukosale-immuniteit in die beskerming van volstruiskuikens teen NS virus (NSV) ondersoek. Volstruishenserum IgG en eier IgY is geïsoleer en gekarakteriseer en die oordrag van maternale anti-NSV antiliggame na die eier ondersoek met behulp van 'n 'enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay' (ELISA). Resultate het getoon dat anti-NSV antiliggame suksesvol van die hen na die eier oorgedra is. Volstruis IgA is ook geïsoleer, gekarateriseer en konyn anti-volstruis IgA antiliggame geproduseer wat gebruik is vir die bepaling van mukosale anti-NSV IgA antiliggame in reaksie op mukosale immunisering. Resultate het getoon dat lewendige La Sota entstof IgA produksie stimuleer en dus tot mukosale-immuniteit in volstruiskuikens lei. In die tweede gedeelte van hierdie proefskrif is volstruismikoplasmas geïsoleer en geïdentifiseer met behulp van 16S rRNA geenopeenvolgingsbepalings. Hierdie volgordes het getoon dat drie unieke mikoplasmas in volstruise voorkom wat filogeneties verskillend blyk te wees. Die 16S rRNA geenopeenvolgings van die volstruismikoplasmas is gebruik vir die ontwikkeling van spesifieke inleiers vir die PKR identifisering en diagnose van mikoplasmainfeksies in volstruise. Die laaste gedeelte van hierdie proefskrif fokus op voëlmalaria in die Afrika pikkewyn en die bestuur van hierdie siekte gedurende rehabilitasie. Die 'South African Foundation for the Conservation of Coastal Birds' (SANCCOB) is 'n seevoëlreddingsen rehabilitasie-sentrum vir siek, beseerde en ge-oliede pikkewyne. Hierdie sentrum het egter aansienlike vrektes as gevolg van voëlmalaria. In hierdie studie is 'n ELISA ontwikkel vir die bepaling van natuurlike anti-Plasmodium antiliggaamvlakke van pikkewyne by aankoms en tydens rehabilitasie by SANCCOB. Resultate het 'n toename in anti-Plasmodium antiliggaamvlakke getoon na toelating wat nie beïnvloed is deur olie nie. Hierdie toename kan toegeskryf word aan nuwe malariainfeksies en nie 'n heruitbraak van bestaande infeksies nie wat daarop dui dat pikkewyne aan voëlmalaria blootgestel word by die SANCCOB-sentrum.
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Brewster, Veronica Rose. "Towards an eradication strategy for mycoplasma hypneumoniae from the UK pig herd." Thesis, Royal Veterinary College (University of London), 2016. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.701680.
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Persson, Anja M. "Molecular characterisation of Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides SC /." Uppsala : Dept. of Veterinary Microbiology, Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences ([Institutionen för veterinärmedicinsk mikrobiologi], Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 2002. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/2002/91-576-6364-5.pdf.
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Whalin, Rebekah Christine. "The Detection of Mycoplasmas in Migratory Birds." Miami University Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=muhonors1239986702.
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Czifra, György. "Identification of Mycoplasma gallisepticum antigens with diagnostic and protective properties /." Uppsala : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 1999. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/1999/91-576-5900-1.pdf.
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Ghanem, Mostafa Ghanem Ahmed. "Development of Advanced Molecular Tools for Sequence Typing and Epidemiological Investigation of Avian Mycoplasma in Poultry." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1492527446411409.
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Gavanescu, Irina Catrinel. "Autoantibodies to Centrosomes are Diagnostic for Human Scleroderma and Can Be Induced by Experimental Mycoplasma Infection in Mice: A Dissertation." eScholarship@UMMS, 2002. https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/76.
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The overall objective of this thesis work was to develop new insights into the etiology of scleroderma, a human systemic autoimmune disease, by analyzing the autoantibodies to centrosome antigens that develop during the disease. Centrosomes are perinuclear organelles that form microtubule arrays, including mitotic spindles that ensure the faithful segregation of chromosomes during mitosis.
These studies used a novel methodology to determine the prevalence of anti-centrosome autoantibodies in patients with scleroderma. Recombinant centrosome antigens were used to determine the antigenic specificity of anti-centrosome antibody subsets by immunoblotting. Centrosome marker antibodies were used in indirect immunofluorescence assays to distinguish centrosomes within the polymorphic staining pattern frequently given by scleroderma sera. We found that 43% of patients are autoreactive to centrosomes, a prevalence higher than has been reported for any other scleroderma autoantigen. Half of the centrosome-positive patients also had autoantibodies against other antigens used in scleroderma diagnosis. However, in the remaining half of these patients, anti-centrosome antibodies represented the sole class of autoantibodies that was detectable. Anti-centrosome antibodies were detected in only a small percentage of normal individuals and patients with other connective tissue diseases. These data suggest that anti-centrosome autoantibodies may represent a new diagnostic tool in scleroderma. Upon examination of anti-centrosome autoantibody development in an animal model, it appeared that this autoantibody specificity may develop in mice as a consequence of an infection.
An infectious agent was isolated by plaque-formation from carrier mice. Further characterization of the infectious agent was undertaken to obtain information on its physical, morphological and cytopathological properties. The infectious agent was identified by sequence and unique antigenic properties to be homologous to the pig pathogen Mycoplasma hyorhinis. When reintroduced into naive mice, the murine mycoplasma triggered anti-centrosome autoantibody development. While anti-centrosome autoantibodies of IgM isotype are part of the repertoire of naive unimmunized mice, mycoplasma infection specifically triggered the development of anti-centrosome IgG. Moreover, centrosome autoreactivity was prevented by antibiotic treatment. The autoantibody response evolved to recruit additional specificities, having IgM isotypes, reactive to endoplasmic reticulum-associated autoantigens.
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Moyers, Sahnzi C. "Behavioral Heterogeneity and Disease Dynamics in House Finches (Haemorhous mexicanus)." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/78216.
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Infectious disease is a ubiquitous aspect of life on earth; however, parasites and pathogens are not distributed equally among individual hosts. Due to its ability to shape the way that individuals interact with other potential hosts and the environment, behavior is one of the most salient ways through which host biology varies in the context of disease. Variation in animal behavior can impact both transmission and the extent of a host's pathogen acquisition, and thus can have important consequences for infectious disease dynamics. Additionally, in this world of rapid urbanization where landscapes and wildlife resources are being altered, it is important to understand the ways in which human activity impact wildlife behavior, and in turn, disease dynamics. Here, we used both observational and experimental studies in field and laboratory settings to investigate the relationships among host behavior and physiology, anthropogenic food sources, and disease transmission in a natural host-pathogen system. First, we examined the relationship between house finch (Haemorhous mexicanus) stress physiology, exploratory behaviors, and social behaviors in the wild. We provided evidence that more exploratory house finches interact with more individuals in the wild, and have higher baseline concentrations of circulating stress hormones. Next, we found evidence that the amount of time spent on bird feeders drives both the acquisition and transmission of the bacterial pathogen Mycoplasma gallisepticum (Mg), indicating that variation in host foraging behavior has important transmission consequences in this system. Lastly, we found that the density of bird feeders available to house finches predicts the extent of Mg transmission in captivity. Taken together, these results highlight the important role that behavioral heterogeneity can play in the acquisition and spread of pathogens, as well as the potential impacts of human behavior on wildlife disease dynamics. Future work should seek to identify specific physiological mechanisms driving Mg acquisition and transmission as they relate to variation in host behavior, and the ways in which bird feeders impact disease-relevant behaviors in the wild.Ph. D.
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Taoudi, Abdelali. "Epidemiologie des infections a mycoplasmes chez les bovins et les petits ruminants au maroc : etude de mycoplasma capricolum." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986CLF2E372.
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Cook, Beth Susannah. "Development of genetic tools for functional genomic analysis of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae." Thesis, Royal Veterinary College (University of London), 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.618285.
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Manhart, Lisa Elaine. "Epidemiology of Mycoplasma genitalium in women /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10876.
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Justice-Allen, Anne E. "Survival of Mycoplasma Species in Recycled Bedding Sand and Possible Implications for Disease Transmission to Ruminants." DigitalCommons@USU, 2010. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/730.
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Mycoplasmas are a group of bacteria which are small in size, lack a cell wall, and have small genomes in comparison to other bacteria. The members of the group that are pathogenic utilize several mechanisms to evade the host's immune system. These processes affect surveillance and control mechanisms such as serologic testing and vaccination. Many of these organisms cause diseases of livestock, which heavily impact production parameters such as weight gain, milk yield, and egg production. Mycoplasmas also cause disease in people.
Mycoplasma spp. can cause mastitis, metritis, pneumonia, and arthritis. The currently documented routes of transmission of Mycoplasma spp. are through fomites and by direct animal contact. The existence of environmental sources for Mycoplasma spp. and their role in transmission are poorly characterized. Mycoplasma spp. (confirmed as M. bovis using PCR) was found in recycled bedding sand from a dairy experiencing an outbreak of mycoplasma mastitis. The possibility of a persistent environmental source of Mycoplasma spp. in recycled bedding sand was further investigated using recycled sand from the dairy. Study objectives included determining factors associated with the persistence of Mycoplasma spp. in recycled bedding sand and the duration of survival of mycoplasmas in the sand. We also evaluated 2 disinfectants at 2 different concentrations each for the elimination of Mycoplasma spp. from contaminated sand.
Mycoplasma spp. survived in the sand pile intermittently over a period of 8 months. The concentration of Mycoplasma spp. within the sand pile was directly related to temperature and precipitation. The survival of Mycoplasma spp. at a greater than expected range of temperatures suggests the formation of a biofilm. Ideal temperatures for replication of Mycoplasma spp. occurred between 15 °C and 20 °C. Moisture in the sand and movement of the sand pile also appeared to play a role in replication of mycoplasmas. Sodium hypochlorite (0.5%) and chlorhexidine (2%) were efficacious in eliminating Mycoplasma spp. from contaminated bedding sand. Recycled bedding sand could be an environmental source of Mycoplasma spp. infections, including M. bovis, in dairy cows. Future studies should investigate the contribution of this environmental source to the epidemiology of mycoplasma infections in dairy cattle and other ruminants.
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Taylor, Kathryn, and Danielle Ellis. "Mycoplasma-like Organisms as the Causal Agent for Macrophylla Decline." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/220516.
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Previous literature concerning citrus and other tree crops led us to ask if there was molecular evidence for mycoplasma -like organisms (MLOs) as the causal agent of Macrophylla decline and two other decline diseases, citrus blight and lemon sieve tube necrosis. We had molecular probes available to us that were either specific for MLOs of tree diseases and others that were universal for all known types of MLOs. We used a polymerase chain reaction (MLO) to determine if MLOs were present in the vascular tissues of decline and healthy citrus. I all trials performed, the trees were negative for MLO-PCR products. In addition, we attempted to transmit putative MLO 's from decline affected trees to Vinca rosea MLO-nurse plants. We were unable to affect this type of transfer. In addition, our attempts to identify MLO's in phloem tissue gave us negative results. We have since revised our hypothesis. We are currently pursuing the hypothesis that these decline disorders are the result of a rootstock scion incompatibility, that we may be able to avoid culturally, while maintaining these valuable combinations.
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Li, Yihang Kaltenboeck Bernhard. "Therapeutic vaccines against chlamydial diseases." Auburn, Ala., 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10415/1417.
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Kissenpfennig, Adrien Nicolas. "PrP gene regulation in normal and transgenic animals." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.267442.
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Neto, Renata Lopes. "Estudo da freqüência de micoplasma no trato urogenital, conjuntiva e orofaringe de macacos silvestres (Cebus)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/42/42132/tde-19102007-165220/.
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Pesquisou-se a freqüência de Mollicutes na orofaringe, conjuntiva e trato urogenital de 58 macacos. Na orofaringe detectou-se Mollicutes em 55,17 % e Ureaplasma spp em 43,10%. As espécies identificadas nesta região foram: M. arginini (43,10%), M salivarium (41,37%), e M. pneumoniae (18,96%). No trato genital detectou-se Mollicutes em 27,58% sendo identificado M. arginini em 8,62%, A. laidlawii em 1,72 % e Ureaplasma spp em 32,75%. Na conjuntiva detectou-se Mollicutes em 29,31 % e A. laidlawii em 1,72 %. Os cultivos apresentaram limitações pelo alto índice de contaminação e obtiveram-se apenas dois isolamentos da conjuntiva. As espécies detectadas constituem-se o achado inicial destas bactérias em macacos no Brasil.The frequency of Mollicutes in oropharynx, conjunctiva, and urogenital tract were accessed in 58 monkeys. In oropharynx, Mollicutes and Ureaplasma spp were detected in 55.17% and 43.01% of the samples, respectively. The identified species in this site included: M. arginini (43.10%), M. salivarium (41.37%), and M. pneumoniae (18.96%). In the urogenital tract, Mollicutes were detected in 27.58% of the samples; including M. arginini (8.62%), A. laidlawii (1.72%) and Ureaplasma spp (32.75%). In the conjunctiva, Mollicutes were detected in 29.31% and A. laidlawii in 1.72% of the animals. Mollicutes culture showed technical limitations because of the high level of contamination and only two isolates were obtained; both from conjunctival sites. The Mollicute specie surveillance of this study provided initial and new insights about these bacteria in Brazilian monkeys.
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Ferreira, Juliana Bonin. "Detecção de Mycoplasma pulmonis e Mycoplasma arthritidis no trato respiratório superior de ratos e bioteristas por cultivo e reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10134/tde-30102006-124229/.
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Mycoplasma pulmonis e Mycoplasma arthritidis são espécies frequentemente isoladas de animais de laboratório (ratos), causando prejuízos e alteração em resultados de pesquisa que utilizam tais animais. O Mycoplasma pulmonis coloniza principalmente o trato respiratório, nasofaringe e ouvido médio de murinos e causa micoplasmose respiratória murina (MRM). A principal via de transmissão é horizontal, o que facilita a disseminação deste agente para os demais ambientes do biotério e também para seus funcionários. O Mycoplasma arthritidis pode ser isolado da orofaringe destes animais, mas sua ocorrência natural é rara. Os micoplasmas geralmente são espécie-específicos embora algumas espécies possam ser encontradas em diferentes hospedeiros. O objetivo deste trabalho foi o isolamento Mycoplasma pulmonis e Mycoplasma arthritidis em ratos de laboratório e a detecção destas espécies por meio da PCR em ratos e funcionários de diferentes biotérios. Foram positivas para Mycoplasma pulmonis 144 (60%) amostras de lavado traqueal de ratos na cultura e 155 (64,58%) pela PCR espécie especifica. Mycoplasma arthritidis não foi isolado e detectado em nenhuma amostra analisada. M. pulmonis foi detectado em quatro (10%) amostras de funcionários que não mantinham contato direto com os ratos, sendo uma do biotério 1 e três do biotério 4. Dos bioteristas que mantinham contato direto, 24 (77,4%) foram negativos nas duas coletas, 4 (12,9%) foram positivos após o manejo dos animais, 2 (6,5%) foram positivos em ambas as coletas e 1 (3,2%) foi positivo somente antes da higienização das caixas. Estes resultados mostram que pessoas que trabalham em biotérios estão expostas a tal agente podendo servir como veículo de transmissãoMycoplasma pulmonis and Mycoplasma arthritidis are species usually isolated from laboratory rats, causing losses and modifying results of research that use such animals. Mycoplasma pulmonis inhabit primary the respiratory tract, nasopharynx, and middle ear of murines causing the murine respiratory mycoplasmosis (MRM). In general, aerosols perform the transmission, which allows the spreading of this agent to all facilities departments and to technicians. Mycoplasma arthritidis can be recovered from the oropharynx of these animals, but its occurrence is rare. Mycoplasmas usually exhibit a rather strict host and tissue specificity, probably reflecting their nutritionally exacting nature and obligate parasitic mode of life. However, there are numerous examples of the presence of mycoplasmas in hosts and tissue different from their normal habitats. The aim of this study was to recovery Mycoplasma pulmonis and Mycoplasma arthritidis from laboratory rats and detection of these species by PCR in rats and technicians from distinct facilities. 144 (60%) samples of tracheal washed of rats were positives in culture to Mycoplasma pulmonis and 155 (64,58%) by specific PCR. Mycoplasma arthritidis was nor isolated, neither detected in any samples. M. pulmonis was detected in four (10%) of the samples collected from the technicians who did not maintain direct contact with rats, being one sample from facility 1 and three samples from facility 3. Regarding to technicians who keep direct contact, 24 (77,4%) were negatives on the two collects, 4 (12,9%) were positives after manipulating animals, 2 (6,5%) were positives in both collects, before and after treatment of animals and 1 (3,2%) was positive before cleaning the boxes. These results showed that people who work in facilities are exposed to this agent and can become a revervoirs of infection
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Hodges, Heather Napualani. "Fig : A List Of Eight Unclean Animals." PDXScholar, 2014. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1854.
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This lyrical narrative charts the particularities of a childhood. A mind that is preoccupied with how to negotiate loss; the fear of a family sickness waking up. This piece is arranged with section titles that are designed to give an episodic feel. Each serves as a different method of entering into loss.
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Campos, Guilherme Barreto. "Detecção de Mycoplasma hominis, M. genitalium e M. penetrans no trato urogenital feminino e a sua relação com polimorfismos genéticos e expressão de citocinas em mulheres atendidas no município de Vitória da Conquista - BA." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/42/42132/tde-19032014-145646/.
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Foram obtidos dados clínico-demográficos, swab vaginal e sangue de 302 mulheres. Detectou-se Mollicutes, Mycoplasma hominis e M. genitalium em 76,2%, 15,9% e 1,7% das amostras respectivamente. Frequência de 31,8% e 28,1% na qPCR foi encontrada para M. genitalium e M. hominis respectivamente. A infecção por micoplasmas foi associada a sinais e sintomas clínicos. A frequência de Trichomonas vaginalis Neisseria gonorrhoeae Gardnerella vaginalis e Chlamydia trachomatis foi de 3,0%, 21,5%, 42,4%, 1,7% respectivamente. Co-infecção destas espécies com micoplasmas foi encontrada. No polimorfismo da IL-1b, houve maior prevalência do genótipo CC, no entanto, o alelo T foi relacionado ao pequeno aumento dos níveis da interleucina no grupo caso. Para o polimorfismo de IL-6, o genótipo GG apresentou maior frequência, e o genótipo GC foi associado ao aumento dos níveis plasmáticos da citocina no grupo caso. O aumento dos níveis de IL-1b foi associado à presença M. hominis e ao fato das mulheres apresentarem sinais ou sintomas de infecção.Clinical and demographic data, samples of vaginal swab and peripheral blood were obtained from 302 women. Mollicutes, Mycoplasma hominis and M. genitalium were detected in 76.2%, 15.9% and 1.7%, respectively. Frequency of 31.8% and 28.1% in qPCR was found for M. genitalium and M. hominis respectively. Infection by genital mycoplasmas, especially when analyzed by qPCR, was significantly associated with clinical signs and symptoms of sexually transmitted infections. The frequency of Trichomonas vaginalis, Gardnerella vaginalis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis was 3.0%, 21.5%, 42.4% and 1.7% respectively. Co-infection among these species and mycoplasmas was founded. In polymorphism of IL-1b, the genotype CC was more prevalent; however, the T allele was related to small increase of the interleukin levels in the group case. In the polymorphism of IL-6, higher frequency was of the genotype GG, and the GC genotype was associated with increased plasma levels of the cytokine in the group case. Increased levels of IL-1b were associated with presence of M. hominis and signs and/or symptoms of infection.
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Mulongo, Musa Matsanza. "Evaluation of lipoprotein Q and L-a-glycerol-3-phosphate oxidase of mycoplasma mycoides subs. mycoides (small colony) as virulence factors in contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) infections." Thesis, Royal Veterinary College (University of London), 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.558979.
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Gull, Tamara Brownsey. "In vivo infection biology of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia." [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2611.
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Kibeida, Omer Abdelrahman Ismail. "A comparison of methods used to measure the in vitro antimicrobial susceptibilities of Mycoplasma species of animal origin." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/26686.
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Antimicrobials are commonly used to treat mycoplasmosis in animals. In spite of this and the fact that antimicrobial resistance has been recorded for this group of bacteria there are no universally accepted in vitro means of testing for this resistance, nor is resistance testing for mycoplasmas a routine in most veterinary laboratories. So prior to testing for resistance to a number of mycoplasmas isolated from animals in South Africa it was necessary to compare different tests including broth and agar microdilution tests to find out which one would perform best. Using the field strains M. bovis, M. crocodyli, M. felis, M. gallisepticum and M. synoviae, and the reference strains M. gallisepticum 56USDA, M. gallisepticum VaxSafe MG vaccine strain, M. mycoides T1/44 vaccine strain, and M. mycoides Ygoat (11706) broth- and agar-microdilution minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)tests were performed using either modified Hayflicks or Mycoplasma synoviae media. Two different metabolism indicator systems were compared in the broth microdilution test (BrMIC) namely sugar fermentation (glucose or pyruvate) with phenol red (SFS) and evidence of reduction with resazurin (AlamurBlue®). It was also tested whether amoxicillin and clavulanic acid (ACA) could be used in the tests to reduce problems associated with contamination. Statistical analyses of the tests (repeatability and linear association) indicated that the BrMIC with SFS was the most reproducible method (pooled standard deviation = 0.14). The antimicrobial ACA was found to not to affect the MIC values (R2= 0.976 to 0.996). Furthermore one hundred forty two field strains including 93 M. bovis, 5 M. synoviae, 21 M. gallisepticum, 13 M. bovirhinis, 8 M. crocodyli and 6 M. felis were tested using the BrMIC+SFS with ACA method. Generally the mycoplasmas originating from poultry were resistant to commonly used antimicrobials and had higher MIC50 and MIC90 values than isolates originating from cattle, crocodiles and cats. It was found that most of the mycoplasmas were susceptible to doxycycline (tetracycline) and enrofloxacin with the exception of M. gallisepticum where 17.9% of strains were resistant to both. Resistance to tiamulin (100%) and tylosin (20 to 64%) was high for the poultry mycoplasmas. Most field isolates tested were resistant to erythromycin, nalidixic acid, florfenicol, norfloxacin, neomycin, sulphamethoxazole, trimethoprim and sulphamethoxazole/ trimethoprim combination, mostly resistant to norfloxacin and florfenicol. It is concluded that BrMIC+SFS with ACA method is a reproducible method that reduces any problems with bacterial contamination. As observed with the poultry strains, it is quite clear that antimicrobial resistance is developing to commonly used antimicrobials such as tylosin, the related pleuromutilins, fluoroquinolones and tetracyclines. In species where antimicrobial therapy is applied routinely such as poultry and possibly feedlot cattle, it is recommended that MIC testing is done prior to any therapeutic interventions.Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2010.
Veterinary Tropical Diseases
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Wium, Martha. "The development of a DNA vaccine against Mycoplasma nasistruthionis sp. nov. for use in ostriches." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/97807.
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Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Mycoplasma nasistruthionis sp. nov. str. Ms03 (Ms03) is one of three Mycoplasma species that were identified from ostriches. Mycoplasmas infections have been implicated in ostrich chick mortalities, growth retardation and downgrading of ostrich carcasses. Currently there is no vaccine available for the treatment of mycoplasmosis in ostriches. This study investigated the development of DNA vaccines against Ms03 infections in ostriches. To this end, the Ms03 genome was sequenced and annotated. The vaccine candidate gene, oppA, was identified within the genome sequence and characterized before DNA vaccines containing the oppA were developed and tested. The genome of Ms03 was sequenced and the resulting 172 contigs were annotated. This dissertation presents the first Ms03 draft genome and annotation which contributed to the understanding of Ms03 as a miniature genetically independent organism. In Ms03, genome replication, cell division, RNA transcription, protein translation and glycolysis resemble that of the closely related Mycoplasma synoviae 53. Purine and pyrimidine metabolism was incomplete and de novo synthesis thereof was not possible. Amino acid synthesis in Ms03 was mostly absent and only the genes that convert aspartate to asparagine and glycine to serine were found. More importers than exporters were annotated owing to the lack of synthesis pathways in Ms03, which is typical for mycoplasmas that have parasitic life styles. Two oligopeptide permease (opp) operons were annotated within the Ms03 genome. The potential of the oppA as a vaccine candidate gene was evaluated by investigating the need for a substrate-binding domain (OppA) as part of the OppBCDF transporter within Mycoplasma species. An oppA homologue could be identified for each oppBCDF operon in all species and therefore must play an essential role in oligopeptide transport. All mycoplasmas (except for hemoplasma) had one, two or three opp operons that could be divided into three types (Type A, B and C). Each type had unique InterPro and MEME domains and motifs which together with the phylogenetic analysis suggest unique roles in their survival under different conditions. Ms03 had a Type A and a Type B opp operon, the Type A oppA was used as vaccine candidate gene. The Type A oppA was cloned and site-directed mutagenesis was used for codon correction before the mutated gene was sub-cloned into three DNA vaccine vectors. The three DNA vaccines (pCI-neo_oppA, VR1012_oppA and VR1020_oppA) were used to vaccinate ostriches and the OppA-antibody response was analysed by ELISA. The VR1020_oppA and pCI-neo_oppA constructs elicited a primary immune response in ostriches, indicating that the OppA protein was expressed in vivo and was immunogenic. This can therefore be viewed as the first step in the development of a DNA vaccine for the control of mycoplasma infections in ostriches.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Mycoplasma nasistruthionis sp. nov. str. Ms03 (Ms03) is een van drie mikoplasma spesies wat volstruise infekteer. Mikoplasma-infeksies in volstruise veroorsaak kuiken vrektes, vertraagde groei en afgradering van volstruis karkasse. Daar is tans geen geregistreerde mikoplasma entstof beskikbaar vir gebruik in volstruise nie. Hierdie studie het die ontwikkeling van DNS-entstowwe teen Ms03-infeksies in volstruise ondersoek. Vir hierdie doel was die Ms03-genoomvolgorde bepaal en geannoteer. Die entstofkandidaat-geen, oppA, was geïdentifiseer in die genoomvolgorde en gekarakteriseer voordat DNS-entstowwe (wat die oppA-geen bevat) ontwikkel en getoets is. Die Ms03-genoomvolgorde was bepaal en die gegenereerde 172 aaneenlopende volgordes was geannoteer. Hierdie proefskrif bied die eerste voorlopige volgorde en annotering van die Ms03-genoom wat bygedra het tot die kennis van Ms03 as 'n miniatuur geneties onafhanklike organisme. Genoom-replikasie, seldeling, RNS-transkripsie, proteïen-translasie en glikolise in Ms03 stem ooreen met dié prosesse in die naverwante Mycoplasma synoviae 53. Die purien en pirimidien metabolisme was onvolledig en de novo sintese daarvan was nie moontlik in Ms03 nie. Aminosuursintese in Ms03 was meestal afwesig en net die gene wat aspartaat omskep na asparagien en glisien na serien was gevind in die annoteerde genoom. Meer invoerders as uitvoerders was geannoteer, wat dui op die gebrek aan sintesepadweë in Ms03. Dit is tipies van mikoplasmas wat ‘n parasitiese lewensstyle het. Twee oligopeptied-permeases (opp) operons was gevind in die Ms03-genoom. Die potensiaal van die oppA-geen as 'n entstofkandidaat-geen was geëvalueer deur die behoefte van 'n substraatbindingsdomein (OppA) as deel van die OppBCDF-vervoerder binne mikoplasma spesies te ondersoek. 'n Homoloog van die oppA-geen kon geïdentifiseer word vir elke oppBCDF-operon in al die spesies en behoort daarom 'n noodsaaklike rol te speel in die vervoer van oligopeptiede. Alle mikoplasmas (behalwe vir hemoplasmas) het een, twee of drie opp-operons, wat verdeel kan word in drie tipes (Tipe A, B en C). Elke tipe het unieke InterPro en MEME domeine en motiewe wat saam met die filogenetiese ontleding daarop dui dat hulle unieke rolle in oorlewing onder verskillende omstandighede speel. Ms03 het 'n Tipe A en Tipe B opp-operon, die Tipe A oppA is gebruik as entstofkandidaat-geen. Die Tipe A oppA-geen was gekloneer en teikengerigte-mutagenese was gebruik vir kodonregstellings voordat die gemuteerde geen in drie DNS-entstof vektore gesubkloneer was. Die drie DNS-entstowwe (pCI-neo_oppA, VR1012_oppA en VR1020_oppA) was gebruik om volstruise in te ent en die OppA-teenliggaamsreaksie was geanaliseer deur ELISA. Inenting met die VR1020_oppA en pCI-neo_oppA entstowwe het tot 'n primêre immuniteitsreaksie in volstruise gelei. Dit dui daarop dat die OppA proteïen in vivo uitgedruk en immunogenies was. Dit kan beskou word as die eerste stap in die ontwikkeling van 'n DNS-entstof vir die beheer van mikoplasma-infeksies in volstruise.
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Wang, Kay Yee. "Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Bordetella pertussis in patients with persistent cough in primary care." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:74b15a97-708d-4927-b0aa-ce802f4af2aa.
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Background: Persistent cough following an acute respiratory tract infection is a challenging and frequently encountered problem in primary care. Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M. pneumoniae) and Bordetella pertussis (pertussis) particularly predispose patients to persistent cough. Whilst the incidence of M. pneumoniae is highest in children, pertussis may also occur in adults. Method: Four studies were conducted for this thesis. First, a systematic review to assess the diagnostic accuracy of symptoms and signs in the clinical recognition of M. pneumoniae. Second, a retrospective analysis of a cohort of children with persistent cough to assess the prognostic value of diagnosing M. pneumoniae. Third, a prospective cohort study to estimate the prevalence of M. pneumoniae and pertussis in children with persistent cough following recent changes in vaccination policy. Fourth, a double-blind randomised placebo-controlled trial to determine the effectiveness of montelukast in the treatment of persistent cough and pertussis-induced cough in adults. Results: M. pneumoniae and pertussis can each be found in one-sixth of children who present in primary care with persistent cough. Although coverage with the preschool pertussis booster vaccine is high, its efficacy wanes rapidly, with the likelihood of pertussis increasing by 30% per year after vaccination. Montelukast is not an effective treatment for persistent cough, but may be an effective treatment for pertussis-induced cough. Median duration of cough in children with M. pneumoniae is only one-third of that in children with pertussis (39 days versus 118 days). However, the diagnostic accuracy of symptoms and signs in the clinical recognition of M. pneumoniae is limited. Since M. pneumoniae occurs in cyclical epidemics, clinicians should consider current prevalence of M. pneumoniae when making a clinical diagnosis. Conclusions: Diagnosing M. pneumoniae and pertussis can help clinicians give patients an explanation for their cough and inform them about its likely prognosis. At the moment, clinicians should adopt a conservative approach to managing postinfectious persistent cough. A further trial is needed to assess the efficacy of montelukast for the treatment of pertussis-induced cough.
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Teschke, Miriam. "Prävalenz von Arcobacter spp. in Puten- und Schweinefleisch aus dem Berliner Einzelhandel und Vergleich von drei kulturellen Arcobacter-Nachweisverfahren /." Berlin : Mbv, 2008. http://d-nb.info/990056414/04.
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Stauffer, Jill M. "Evidence of canine infections with spotted fever-group rickettsiae in southwestern and east central Indiana." Virtual Press, 1988. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/546135.
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A serosurvey was conducted to determine rickettsial infection rates in dogs from two distinct areas in Indiana. Sera were collected from dogs and tested for the presence of antibodies to R. rickettsii, R. montana, R. rhipicephali, and R. bellii using the micro-immunofluoresence test. Results from this study indicate an association between canine and human rickettsial infections. Dogs in southwestern Indiana were found to have significantly higher rickettsial infection rather than those in east central Indiana. Human RMSF cases have also been reported more frequently from southern Indiana.All rickettsial species were detected at some level, with many dogs reacting to more than one antigen Evidence suggests that R. montana is the predominant rickettsial species in Indiana. In addition, indicative of a more suitable tick habitat, dogs sampled from rural areas were seropositive more frequently than the urban/suburban dogs. This study suggests that dogs are exposed to the same tick population as humans and can serve as indicators of the presence of rickettsial agents. Indiana residents should be aware of the potential for RMSF transmission throughout the state.Department of Physiology and Health Science
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雷志鵬 and Chi-pang Lui. "Nutritional zinc-deficiency and nitrosamine-induced carcinogenesis in the rat." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1986. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31207820.
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Lui, Chi-pang. "Nutritional zinc-deficiency and nitrosamine-induced carcinogenesis in the rat /." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1986. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B12326550.
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Saad, M. Z. "In vitro and in vivo studies on Chlamydia psittaci (ovis) infection." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.380157.
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Jurstrand, Margaretha. "Detection of Chlamydia trachomatis and Mycoplasma genitalium by genetic and serological methods." Doctoral thesis, Örebro : Universitetsbiblioteket : Örebro University, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-793.
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Swenson, Lennart. "Population studies on genetic diseases in the dog /." Uppsala : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 2001. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/2001/91-576-5822-6.pdf.
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Borsetto, Antonella <1977>. "Hepatobiliary diseases in small animals: a comparison of ultrasonography and multidetector-row computed tomography." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2011. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/3492/.
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Ultrasonography (US) is an essential imaging tool for identifying abnormalities of the liver parenchyma, biliary tract and vascular system. US has replaced radiography as the initial imaging procedure in screening for liver disease in small animals. There are few reports of the use of conventional and helical computed tomography (CT) to assess canine or feline parenchymal and neoplastic liver disease and biliary disorders. In human medicine the development of multidetector- row helical computed tomography (MDCT), with its superior spatial and temporal resolution, has resulted in improved detection and characterization of diffuse and focal liver lesions. The increased availability of MDCT in veterinary practice provides incentive to develop MDCT protocols for liver imaging in small animals. The purpose of this study is to assess the rule of MDCT in the characterization of hepatobiliary diseases in small animals; and to compare this method with conventional US. Candidates for this prospective study were 175 consecutive patients (dogs and cats) referred for evaluation of hepatobiliary disease. The patients underwent liver US and MDCT. Percutaneous needle biopsy was performed on all liver lesions or alterations encountered. As for gallbladder, histopatological evaluation was obtained from cholecystectomy specimens. Ultrasonographic findings in this study agreed well with those of previous reports. A protocol for dual-phase liver MDCT in small animals has been described. MDCT findings in parenchymal disorders of the liver, hepatic neoplasia and biliary disorders are here first described in dogs and cats and compared with the corresponding features in human medicine. The ability of MDCT in detection and characterization of hepatobiliary diseases in small animals is overall superior to conventional US. Ultrasonography and MDCT scanning, however, play complementary rules in the evaluation of these diseases. Many conditions have distinctive imaging features that may permit diagnosis. In most instances biopsy is required for definitive diagnosis.
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Loeffler, Anette. "Epidemiological and genetic investigations of meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in companion animals." Thesis, Royal Veterinary College (University of London), 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.558972.
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The hypotheses challenged in this project were (1) people are the source for meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in pets, (2) risk factors for MRSA infection and carriage mirror those described in humans, (3) S. aureus continues to evolve on animals, (4) MRSA is carried by a substantial number of companion animals and (5) pets can be a reservoir for MRSA. Risk factors for MRSA pet infection were determined in a UK-wide case-control study enrolling dogs and cats with S. aureus infection (138 MRSA; 122 MSSA), their veterinary staff and owners. MRSA were typed and 12 paired human-animal isolates were compared by whole genome microarrays. MRSA carriage was examined in selected populations of dogs, cats and horses (n=1692) in the Greater London area and dog-to-dog transmission of MRSA was examined during an outbreak in a rescue kennel. Key findings were (a) an occupational risk for MRSA carriage in UK first opinion veterinary staff (9%), (b) antimicrobial therapy, surgery and admission to veterinary hospitals as major risk factors for pet MRSA infection; (c) human healthcareassociated lineages predominated amongst animals but (d) host-specific variation occurred within the same lineage, (e) MRSA carriage in the studied animal populations was low «1.5%), (f) "classical" risk factors were not involved in animal carriage but co-carriage of other staphylococci was protective against MRSA, (g) decolonisation occurred naturally and (h) dog-to-dog transmission was not observed. MRSA ST398 was identified from one horse, the first isolation from an animal in the UK. These findings support the concept that pets acquire MRSA primarily from people but are unlikely natural hosts for healthcare-associated MRSA. Therefore, rigorous personal and environmental hygiene combined with conscientious use of antimicrobial agents should be highly effective in veterinary clinics. Bacterial interference should be further investigated as a preventative measure. Vigilance is warranted as new strains may evolve on and spread between companion animals.
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Falk, Lars. "Urethritis and cervicitis with special reference to Chlamydia trachomatis and Mycoplasma genitalium : diagnostic and epidemiological aspects /." Linköping : Univ, 2004. http://www.bibl.liu.se/liupubl/disp/disp2004/med858s.pdf.
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Bagchi, Tamishraha. "Immune mechanisms in murine brucellosis : studies with strain RB51, a rough mutant of Brucella abortus /." Diss., This resource online, 1990. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-09162005-115020/.
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Coelho, Willian Marinho Dourado [UNESP]. "Detecção molecular e subtipagem de Cryptosporidium spp. em caprinos, ovinos, bovinos, leitões e eqüinos jovens." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/103796.
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coelho_wmd_dr_jabo.pdf: 4287442 bytes, checksum: 7091394609cf026e1187fcfeac0e61e9 (MD5)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
A criptosporidiose é uma doença entérica grave, economicamente significante, caracterizada principalmente por desordens intestinais, podendo ocasionar manifestações clínicas variadas e eventual mortalidade, principalmente em animais jovens. Este estudo objetivou detectar molecularmente genótipos e subgenótipos de Cryptosporidium spp. em fezes de cabritos provenientes dos Estados de Goiás, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais e São Paulo, Brasil. Amostras fecais foram colhidas diretamente do reto de 192 cabritos de diferentes raças, machos e fêmeas, com até doze meses de idade. Adicionalmente, foram analisadas amostras fecais de ovinos, bovinos, suínos e eqüinos jovens. A eliminação de oocistos de Cryptosporidium spp. foi observada por meio das técnicas de Sheather e Kinyoun, seguindo-se a micrometragem dos oocistos com ocular de campo amplo micrométrica 10x (Bioval®) em aumento microscópico de 400 e 1000x. A reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) foi realizada para amplificação dos fragmentos dos genes da subunidade 18S do rRNA e da glicoproteína GP60. Presença de oocistos de Cryptosporidium spp. foram observados pela análise microscópica em 11,45% (22/192) das amostras analisadas. Amplificação gênica positiva para Cryptosporidium foi demonstrada em 16,66% (32/192) destas amostras. Com o sequenciamento dos produtos da PCR do gene 18S rRNA, todas as amostras foram identificadas como Cryptosporidium parvum. Por meio da subgenotipagem com o sequenciamento do gene GP60, foi encontrado exclusivamente o subgenótipo de C. parvum IIaA15G2R1. Através dos resultados obtidos, pode-se inferir que a infecção por C. parvum está presente em rebanhos caprinos de diferentes Estados brasileiros podendo, esta espécie animal, atuar como uma importante fonte de infecção do subtipo zoonótico de Cryptosporidium para outras espécies animais, em especial para o ser humano
Cryptosporidiosis is a serious enteric disease, economically significant, mainly characterized by intestinal disorders, may cause various clinical manifestations and eventual mortality, especially in young animals. This study aimed to detect and molecularly genotypes and subgenotypes of Cryptosporidium spp. in feces of goat kids from the states of Goiás, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais and São Paulo, Brazil. Fecal samples were collected directly from the rectum of 192 goat kids of different breeds, males and females, with up to twelve months old. Additionally, were analyzed fecal samples from cattle, sheep, pigs and young horses. The elimination of oocysts of Cryptosporidium spp. was observed using the Sheather and Kinyoun techniques, followed by micrometric analysis with ocular micrometer wide-field 10x (Bioval ®) in increase from 400 and 1000x. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to amplify fragments of genes of the subunit 18S rRNA and glycoprotein GP60. Presence of Cryptosporidium spp. was observed by microscopic examination in 11.45% (22/192) of the samples. Gene amplification for Cryptosporidium was demonstrated in 16.66% (32/192) of these samples. With the sequencing of the PCR products of 18S rRNA gene, all samples were identified as Cryptosporidium parvum. Through of subgenotyping with sequencing of GP60 gene was found exclusively the subtype of C. parvum IIaA15G2R1. By the results obtained, it can be inferred that infection with C. parvum is present in goat kids in different brazilian states may, this animal species act as an important source of infection with zoonotic subtype of Cryptosporidium to other animal species, especially for humans
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Friedenberg, Steven Gene. "The role of mitochondrial DAMPs on the inflammatory response in an in vitro model of canine SIRS." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1365174635.
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Crockford, Melanie. "Partial characterisation of pilchard herpesvirus and the associated disease in pilchards." Thesis, Crockford, Melanie (2007) Partial characterisation of pilchard herpesvirus and the associated disease in pilchards. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2007. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/445/.
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In 1995 and again in 1998, millions of pilchards (Sardinops sagax neopilchardus) were found dead or dying off the coast of Australia and also in New Zealand. The epizootics moved progressively, at a rapid speed against the prevailing currents. A previously unrecognised herpesvirus, Pilchard herpesvirus (PHV), was identified as the causative agent.
Until recently, rapid and sensitive methods to detect PHV were not available and based on a previously identified and conserved 373 bp region of the genome, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), in situ hybridisation and real-time PCR methods were developed for the specific detection of PHV in formaldehyde-fixed and frozen tissues of pilchards. Real-time PCR was shown to have greater sensitivity than a conventional PCR and in situ hybridisation for the detection of PHV infection.
The PCR assay and sequence analysis of the amplification products was used to compare the 373 bp region of the genome from strains obtained during the 1995 and 1998 epidemics. Significant differences between the strains were not detected.Additional sequence data was obtained adjacent to the 373 bp of known PHV sequence, which did not match any sequence in any of the genetic databases, and this will be invaluable for further study of the pilchard herpesvirus and the development of improved detection methods.
The molecular-based methods of virus detection developed were applied to a re- examination of virus in paraffin-embedded tissues taken from fish during an attempt to transmit the virus to wild caught pilchards in 1999. The results obtained confirmed previously equivocal results that transmission of PHV to wild caught pilchards was achieved, although this experiment failed to demonstrate thattransmission of the virus resulted in severe lesions typical of those seen in the epizootics.
Using formaldehyde-fixed samples from fish collected during the 1998 PHV epizootic, virus was detected in fish collected 4 days prior to the occurrence of the epizootic even though the fish then appeared clinically normal, during the epizootic, and 8 days after mortalities had ceased.
An investigation of wild pilchards collected from 4 Australian pilchard sub-populations using real-time PCR demonstrated that PHV was present in the gills of 13.75% of 800 fish sampled, indicating that the virus is now endemic in the Australian pilchard population. Variation in the prevalence of PHV infection in the 4 subpopulations was detected, higher in western and southern populations than in populations from the east coast. The endemic nature of PHV infection in the pilchard population explains why there have been no further epizootics with mass mortalities since 1998.
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Crockford, Melanie. "Partial characterisation of pilchard herpesvirus and the associated disease in pilchards." Crockford, Melanie (2007) Partial characterisation of pilchard herpesvirus and the associated disease in pilchards. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2007. http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/445/.
Full textAbstract:
In 1995 and again in 1998, millions of pilchards (Sardinops sagax neopilchardus) were found dead or dying off the coast of Australia and also in New Zealand. The epizootics moved progressively, at a rapid speed against the prevailing currents. A previously unrecognised herpesvirus, Pilchard herpesvirus (PHV), was identified as the causative agent.
Until recently, rapid and sensitive methods to detect PHV were not available and based on a previously identified and conserved 373 bp region of the genome, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), in situ hybridisation and real-time PCR methods were developed for the specific detection of PHV in formaldehyde-fixed and frozen tissues of pilchards. Real-time PCR was shown to have greater sensitivity than a conventional PCR and in situ hybridisation for the detection of PHV infection.
The PCR assay and sequence analysis of the amplification products was used to compare the 373 bp region of the genome from strains obtained during the 1995 and 1998 epidemics. Significant differences between the strains were not detected.Additional sequence data was obtained adjacent to the 373 bp of known PHV sequence, which did not match any sequence in any of the genetic databases, and this will be invaluable for further study of the pilchard herpesvirus and the development of improved detection methods.
The molecular-based methods of virus detection developed were applied to a re- examination of virus in paraffin-embedded tissues taken from fish during an attempt to transmit the virus to wild caught pilchards in 1999. The results obtained confirmed previously equivocal results that transmission of PHV to wild caught pilchards was achieved, although this experiment failed to demonstrate thattransmission of the virus resulted in severe lesions typical of those seen in the epizootics.
Using formaldehyde-fixed samples from fish collected during the 1998 PHV epizootic, virus was detected in fish collected 4 days prior to the occurrence of the epizootic even though the fish then appeared clinically normal, during the epizootic, and 8 days after mortalities had ceased.
An investigation of wild pilchards collected from 4 Australian pilchard sub-populations using real-time PCR demonstrated that PHV was present in the gills of 13.75% of 800 fish sampled, indicating that the virus is now endemic in the Australian pilchard population. Variation in the prevalence of PHV infection in the 4 subpopulations was detected, higher in western and southern populations than in populations from the east coast. The endemic nature of PHV infection in the pilchard population explains why there have been no further epizootics with mass mortalities since 1998.
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Irving, Ryan Powell. "Distribution and prevalence of Ehrlichia chaffeensis, the causative agent of human monocytic ehrlichiosis, in Indiana and Ohio." Virtual Press, 1999. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1129630.
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Human monocytic ehrlichiosis (HME) is a tick-borne infectious disease caused by the bacterium Ehrlichia chaffeensis and transmitted by the ixodid tick Amblyomma americanum. The first confirmed case of HME in Indiana occurred in 1994. Since then, there have been an additional 17 confirmed cases reported from 11 counties.A total of 498 A. americanum and 25 Dermacentor variabilis ticks were collected from counties in southern Indiana during May and June 1998, pooled, and examined for the presence of E. chaffeensis using nested PCR with primers HE 1 and HE3, which are specific for the 16S rRNA gene of E. chaffeensis. Ten pools of adult A. americanum specimens tested positive for E. chaffeensis DNA. This represented a minimum infection rate (MIR) of 3.82%. None of the A. americanum nymphs or adult D. variabilis ticks tested positive.In addition, 325 white-tailed deer blood samples from Indiana and 327 from Ohio were collected during November, 1998 and tested for the presence of E. chaffeensisreactive antibodies using an indirect immunofluoescence assay (IFA). Evidence of such antibodies was found in deer killed in six Indiana counties where infection rates ranged from 43% - 64% and four Ohio counties where infection rates ranged from 4% - 25%.The results from this study support the view that the distribution of E. chaffeensis closely follows that of A. americanum in the North Central United States. This is the first report of E. chaffeensis-reactive antibodies in white-tailed deer from Ohio.Department of Biology
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Gliddon, Briony Lee. "Enzyme replacement therapy in a murine model of mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIA /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 2002. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phg5595.pdf.
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Crawley, Allison Catherine. "Enzyme replacement therapy in a feline model of mucopolysaccharidosis type VI /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1998. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phc9107.pdf.
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Bruce, Mieghan. "The impact of brucellosis in Albania : a systems approach." Thesis, Royal Veterinary College (University of London), 2016. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.701674.
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Tan, Ju Chiat Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering Faculty of Engineering UNSW. "Investigation of abnormal cardiac function in murine models of hypocontractility and hypercontractility." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/28879.
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Heart failure has a significant impact on mortality and morbidity. Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is the third most common cause of heart failure and the most common reason for heart transplantation. Familial DCM is known to be caused by mutations in the LMNA gene encoding lamins A and C. New methods to enhance cardiac contractility would be beneficial in the treatment or prevention of heart failure. The focus of this thesis was to evaluate the mechanisms of altered contractility in two mouse models: the LMNA knockout model (homozygous, Lmna-/-; heterozygous, Lmna+/-) generated by targeted deletion of the lmna gene, and the model of enhanced contractility due to cardiac alpha1A-adrenergic receptor (???1A-AR) overexpression (A1A1). Previous studies have found altered nuclear-desmin connections in lamin A/C deficient mice. It was proposed that these alterations result in ???defective force transmission???, which leads to DCM. Studies in this thesis have supported this hypothesis. Studies of isolated single cardiomyocytes from mice aged 4-6 weeks demonstrated abnormal cell morphology and contractile dysfunction in Lmna-/- cardiomyocytes, while Lmna+/- cells showed no overt phenotype. Excitation-contraction coupling experiments and forcecalcium studies in skinned fibers excluded altered calcium kinetics as a primary cause of DCM in this model, but there was evidence of reduced sarcomere numbers and reduced sarcomere lengths as a contributor to reduce force generation in Lmna-/- and Lmna+/- mice. Previous in vivo studies showed that A1A1 mice had enhanced contractility with the absence of hypertrophy. Studies on isolated single cardiomyocytes from A1A1 mice aged 8-12 weeks showed reduced contractility in the absence of ???1A-AR stimulation, but an exaggerated response to ???1A-AR stimulation. In contrast isolated isovolumic Langendorff perfused A1A1 hearts without ???1A-AR stimulation replicated the enhanced contractility observed in vivo. These studies are consistent with down-regulation of contractility due to the hyperactivity of the overexpressed ???1A-AR in vivo, which only becomes evident in isolated cells without ???1A-AR stimulation due to the loss of functional receptor numbers during isolation. Sufficient spontaneously active ???1A-ARs are preserved in the isolated Langendorff heart preparation to ensure maximum contractility driven by increase calcium release.
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Knight-Jones, Theo. "Field evaluation of foot-and-mouth disease vaccination in Turkey." Thesis, Royal Veterinary College (University of London), 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.618321.
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