Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Mycoplasmes'
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Zreik, Leyla. "La maladie des balais de sorcière du limettier au sultanat d'Oman, production d'anticorps monoclonaux et de sondes moléculaires pour la détection du MLO et recherche de l'insecte vecteur de la maladie." Bordeaux 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR28175.
Full textGalvao, Ferrarini Mariana. "Metabolic Investigation of the Mycoplasmas from the Swine Respiratory Tract." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10302/document.
Full textIn this PhD thesis, we presented three main types of analyses of metabolism, and in most cases involving symbiosis: metabolic dialogue between a trypanosomatid and its symbiont, comparative analyses of metabolic networks and exploration of metabolomics data. The respiratory tract of swines is colonized by several pathogenic bacteria, among which are three mycoplasma species: Mycoplasma flocculare, Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, and Mycoplasma hyorhinis. In this work, we created whole-genome metabolic network reconstructions for all sequenced strains from these three Mycoplasma species. Similar to other Mycoplasma models all reconstructed networks exhibit low connectivity due to the simplicity of the biological model. We were able to show that the three swine mycoplasma species have similar metabolic capabilities. Interesting metabolic differences include the myo-inositol catabolism and a more complete system for glycerol uptake in M. hyopneumoniae and a wide range of carbohydrate uptake in M. hyorhinis. Glycerol conversion to DHAP, a missing activity only in M. flocculare, produces toxic hydrogen peroxide and may explain the lack of pathogenicity of this species. The uptake of a wider range of carbon sources in M. hyorhinis may also explain why this species is a wide-known contaminant in cell cultures. Growth experiments showed that defined media described for other Mycoplasma species are not suitable for the growth of respiratory tract swine mycoplasmas and that peptone is essential for the maintenance of cell viability of both M. hyopneumoniae and M. flocculare in defined media. Metabolomic data suggests that even though these species are extremely similar from a genomic and metabolic point of views, the products and reaction rates differ and gene regulation may interfere directly in metabolism. This, in turn, may account for many aspects still unknown that influence directly different levels of pathogenicity in each of them
Apéré, Hervé. "Infections materno-fœtales à mycoplasmes génitaux : à propos d'une observation." Bordeaux 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BOR23074.
Full textBertin, Clothilde. "Étude de la synthèse des Exopolysaccharides sécrétés par les Mycoplasmes du groupe "mycoides" et notamment pas Mycoplasma mycoides sbsp. mycoides, agent de la péripneumonie contagieuse bovine." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO10042.
Full textOur model, Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides (Mmm), is the agent of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP). CBPP is a severe contagious disease currently present in Africa. CBPP is classed as a notifiable disease by the OIE, which implies severe restrictive measures in in the trade of live animals. Because of its economic importance, CBPP has received much attention in indusdrialized country, notabily when the disease had reemerged in Europe in 1980’s and 90’s. To better understand the pathogenesis of this disease, it is necessary to analyze the factors that may contribute to the virulence of this agent. In this context, we were interested in Mmm exopolysaccharides (EPS), potential key molecules in the virulence of this bacterium. First, Mmm EPS were chemically characterized by HPLC and NMR and compared to the capsular polysaccharides (CPS) in a study on intraclonal Mmm variants. To conduct these experiments, a suitable methodology was developed to produce and to purify EPS from culture supernatants by avoiding technical difficulties due to the complexity of the mycoplasma growth medium. Then, this protocol allowed extending the study to the chemical characterization of EPS from mycoplasmas belonging to the Mycoplasma mycoides cluster (MMC) as Mmm. The production of monoclonal antibodies recognizing Mmm and Mccp polysaccharides was used to study the antigenic communities within this group of mycoplasmas and to characterize the location of the secreted polymer (CPS and/or EPS). The sequenced and annotated genomes were used to manage in silico studies of biosynthetic pathways potentially involved in the production of polysaccharides. The results showed that Mmm intraclonal variants resulting in an opaque / translucent phenotype on solid culture may be associated with an “ON/OFF switch" of the gene encoding a glucose transporter and, in turn associated to the production of either CPS or EPS. Mmm secretes a β-(1-6) galactofuranose polymer identical to that of the membrane associated compound, excepted it has no lipid anchor. Within MMC, there are two species that secrete a β -(1-2) glucan, the linear structure of which is original. The analyses of the biosynthetic pathways of the different genomes were consistent with the structure of the related secreted products. Many genes could appear to originate from phylogenetically distant mycoplasmas that share the same habitat
KEMPF, MARTER ISABELLE. "Mycoplasmes des volailles : preparation de sondes nucleiques et analyse d'une fraction antigenique de mycoplasma gallisepticum." Rennes 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991REN10046.
Full textBlanchard, Béatrice. "Détection de Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae chez le porc par la technique d'amplification enzymatique de gènes (PCR) : étude de l'hétérogénéité des souches de Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae." Bordeaux 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR28287.
Full textThe purpose of the present study was to visualise the relationship between M. Pneumoniae and the porcine respiratory epithelium by electron microscopy and was an attempt to develop an in vitro model for M. Hypopneumoniae using pig tracheal rings. The second purpose of the study was to look for a specific DNA probe and specific primers to be used in polymerase chain reaction experiments for the specific detection of M. Pneumoniae. We selected a specific probe designated 1141 which was abble to detect 3 105 organisms and to identify M. Pneumoniae directly in tracheobronchiolar washing of experimently infected piglets. In order to increase the sensitivity of detection, we set up a PCR assay sequenced the specific 1141 fragment and chose a pair of primers. With the PCR reaction we were able to detect 500 fg of purified DNA and to detect M. Pneumoniae in clinical material without prior DNA purification. We have applied the PCR on DNA from collections (ATCC) and field strains of M. Pneumoniae. This analysis allowed us to reveal a genetic heterogeneity among strains. Genomic rearrangement resulted in the deletion of a 2221 bp fragment on the reference J strain. This deleted fragment coded for a protein homologous to one posessing an implicated transport function
Schaeverbeke, Thierry. "Implication des mycoplasmes dans les rhumatismes inflammatoires de l'homme." Bordeaux 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR28538.
Full textBen, Abdelmoumen Boutheïna. "Caractérisation antigénique et moléculaire des mycoplasmes aviaires." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1996. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq21422.pdf.
Full textMarois, Corinne. "Epidémiologie des mycoplasmoses aviaires : applications et intérêt des méthodes d'amplification génique." Lyon 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LYO10147.
Full textCharenton, Claire. "Evolution et caractérisation fonctionnelle d’une ATPase de type F1-likeX0 spécifique des mycoplasmes." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR21936/document.
Full textF1F0 ATPases have been found in most bacteria, including mycoplasmas that are characterized by drastically reduced genomes and a parasitic lifestyle. In addition to the typical operon of eight genes encoding genuine F1F0 ATPase, related clusters of seven genes were identified in many mycoplasmas. In this work, we investigated the evolution and the function of these supplementary clusters. Four proteins encoded by these clusters present structural similarities with subunits α, β, and ε of F1F0 ATPases, resulting in potential F1-like structures. The three other encoded proteins did not show any similarity to known proteins. Transmembrane helices were predicted for two of them, suggesting a membrane localisation. Two types of F1-like ATPases, Type 2 and Type 3, were identified. Clusters encoding Type 2 and Type 3 ATPases were assumed to originate from the Hominis group of mycoplasmas. Further spreading of Type 3 ATPases towards other phylogenetic groups by horizontal gene transfers in between mycoplasmas sharing a same host was proposed on the basis of phylogenetic trees and genomic context. Functional analyses indicated that genes of Type 3 cluster in the ruminant pathogen Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides were organized as an operon. Proteomic analyses indicated that the seven encoded proteins were produced during growth in axenic media. Mutagenesis and complementation assays demonstrated that Type 3 cluster was associated with a major ATPase activity of membrane fractions. Biochemical analyses indicated that this ATPase activity was sensitive to ΔpH but not to ΔΨ. These analyses suggested that Na+ and K+ were not involved in the F1-likeX0 functioning. Our results indicated a behaviour of F1-likeX0 ATPase subunits that is different to that of F1F0 ATPase subunits in presence of detergents. Altogether, these analyses suggest that the F1-likeX0 complex could be more fragile than the F1F0 complex. Our results showed that despite their tendency to genome reduction, mycoplasmas have evolved and exchanged specific F1-like ATPases with no known equivalent in other bacteria. We propose a model in which the F1-like structure is associated with a hypothetical X0 sector embedded in the membrane of mycoplasmal cells
Lequen, Laurence. "Recherche systématique de mycoplasmes dans les sites extra-articulaires au cours de la polyarthrite rhumatoi͏̈de." Bordeaux 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR23054.
Full textMoalic, Pierre-Yves. "Mise au point de méthodes de dépistage des mycoplasmes génitaux de la dinde et analyse de leur pouvoir pathogène." Bordeaux 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR28544.
Full textRAWADI, GEORGES. "Caracterisation des genes serine-esterase dans les mycoplasmes appartenant au groupe mycoides et interaction des mycoplasmes avec les cellules monocytaires humaines." Paris 7, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA077301.
Full textTaoudi, Abdelali. "Epidémiologie des infections à mycoplasmes chez les bovins et les petits ruminants au Maroc étude de Mycoplasma capricolum /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37601541k.
Full textDupiellet, Jean-Paul. "Mycoplasmes de l'oie et du canard contribution à l'étude sérologique et moléculaire de souches apparentées à Mycoplasma gallisepticum /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37613341q.
Full textDupiellet, Jean-Paul. "Mycoplasmes de l'oie et du canard : contribution à l'étude sérologique et moléculaire de souches apparentées à Mycoplasma gallisepticum." Bordeaux 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BOR22021.
Full textTaoudi, Abdelali. "Epidemiologie des infections a mycoplasmes chez les bovins et les petits ruminants au maroc : etude de mycoplasma capricolum." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986CLF2E372.
Full textBoussens, Béatrice. "Sensibilité des mycoplasmes aux antibiotiques : activité in vitro de deux nouvelles molécules, le RP 59500 (streptogramine) et le RP 67829 (fluoroquinolone)." Bordeaux 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991BOR23035.
Full textCazanave, Charles. "Analyse du polymorphisme associé aux répétitions en tandem pour le typage de deux espèces de mycoplasmes pathogènes chez l’homme : mycoplasma genitalium et Mycoplasma pneumoniae." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR21725/document.
Full textHuman pathogenic mycoplasmas include respiratory tract species, such as M. pneumoniae and urogenital species, such as M. genitalium. M. genitalium is an emerging agent for which epidemiology is unclear. It is involved in sexually transmitted infections, mainly urethritis in men and cervicitis in women. M. pneumoniae is responsible for acute respiratory infections especially in children. M. genitalium is a fastidious species for which culture remains extremely difficult. In order to extend our collection of samples positive for M. genitalium, a clinical research study (FeminIST) was conducted. It consisted in a PCR screening for M. genitalium in the urogenital tract of HIV-infected women of the Aquitaine cohort. Genotyping methods have been widely applied to Mollicutes, but few simple and automatized methods have been developed for M. genitalium and M. pneumoniae. The MLVA (Multi-Locus Variable-Number Tandem-Repeats Analysis) method analyzes the genome polymorphism associated with tandem repeats. Its advantages are a high discriminatory power and the possibility of being used directly from clinical samples. This technique was applied to M. genitalium and M. pneumoniae and compared with other available genotyping methods. Six and five VNTR were selected for M. genitalium and M. pneumoniae, respectively. The use of multiplex PCR and capillary electrophoresis enabled a high-throughput analysis and allowed an easy interpretation of the results. The method was applied to our collection of 265 M. pneumoniae clinical strains and used directly from 123 clinical samples positive for M. genitalium. 89.4% of M. genitalium PCR-positive samples and all the M. pneumoniae isolates were amplified and typed. We showed a higher discriminatory power for our MLVA than for other genotyping methods, without the need of a fastidious sequencing step. The hierarchical representation of results confirms the M. genitalium species heterogeneity and the M. pneumoniae species homogeneity. MLVA appears to be a good tool for molecular typing of these two mycoplasma species, allowing an easy exchange of data between laboratories
Pereyre, Sabine. "Mécanismes responsables de la résistance naturelle et acquise aux macrolides et apparentés chez Mycoplasma Hominis et de la résistance acquise à ces antibiotiques chez Mycoplasma pneumoniae." Bordeaux 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BOR21066.
Full textThe mechanism of intrinsic resistance of Mycoplasma hominis to macrolides and related antibiotics was investigated in comparison with M. Pneumoniae, which is naturally susceptible to these antibiotics. In M. Hominis PG21, both 23S rRNA genes, target of macrolides, were localized and sequenced. The main mechanism of intrinsic resistance could be related to substitutions A2057G and C2610T in 23S rRNA gene but existence of an ATP-dependent active efflux process cannot be ruled out. Acquired resistance to 16 membered-macrolides of two M. Hominis clinical isolates was associated with mutations A2059G and C2611U in operon rrnB of 23S rRNA. At last, macrolide resistant mutants of M. Pneumoniae were selected in vitro and characterized. Mutations in 23S rRNA genes (C2611A, A2062G), in ribosomal protein L4 (H70L, H70R, insertion of one, two or three glycines) and in protein L22 (P112R, A114T, IPRA deletion) were found
Bébéar, Cécile. "Caractérisation de mutations impliquées dans la résistance aux fluoroquinolones chez Mycoplasma Hominis." Bordeaux 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR23072.
Full textLartigue, Carole. "Développement de Plasmides OriC chez les mollicutes, réplication, spécificité d'hôte et utilisation pour la génomique fonctionnelle." Bordeaux 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BOR21042.
Full textThe construction of oriC plasmids was achieved for four mycoplasmas implicated in animal diseases : Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. Mycoides LC (MmmLC), Mycoplasma mycoides subsp mycoides SC (MmmSC) and Mycoplasma capricolum. As previously shown for another mollicute, Spiroplasma citri, oriC plasmids were efficiently replicated in their respective hosts, demonstrating the functionality of in silico predicted oriC regions. The host specificity of these plasmids was investigated by heterologous transformations. While M. Pulmonis and S. Citri were only transformed by their own plasmids, plasmid exchange was tolerated between MmmLC and MmmSC. M. Capricolum was transformed by the plasmids from all three species belonging to the mycoides cluster and also by the S. Citri plasmid. The efficiency of oriC plasmids as tools for the functionnal genomics of mollicutes was shown by gene targeting experiments
Grau, Odile. "Analyse des gènes ribosomiques des mollicutes : application à l'identification d'un mollicute non classé et conséquences taxonomiques." Bordeaux 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991BOR22033.
Full textKovacic, Rémi. "Mycoplasmes et VIH : développement d'outils de détection et étude épidémiologique transversale." Aix-Marseille 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994AIX22047.
Full textBonnefois, Tiffany. "Expression de marqueurs fluorescents et d'antigènes viraux chez les mycoplasmes, étude d’interactions avec les cellules de l’hôte." Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTT028/document.
Full textA mini-transposon affording unmarked, stable mutagenesis in mycoplasmas was modified to allow gene expression. This tool was first used for the development of fluorescence expression for stable and innocuous whole mycoplasma cell labelling. For this purpose, the fluorescent proteins GFP2, mCherry, mKO2 and mNeonGreen were introduced as chromosomal tags in the phylogenetically distant species Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides (Mmm) and Mycoplasma bovis (M. bovis), resulting in the unprecedented observation of red and green fluorescent mycoplasma colonies in the two species, with no apparent cytotoxicity. Equivalent fluorescence expression levels were quantified by flow cytometry in both species, suggesting that these tools can be broadly applied in mycoplasmas. These fluorescent mycoplasmas were then used to compare the adhesion, invasion and persistence of the two species in different bovine cells. They notably confirmed that M. bovis shows a higher adhesion and proliferation capacity to the inert culture surface and higher adhesion to embryonic lung epithelial cells, which it invades. It also shows an increased resistance to elimination by macrophages. However, fluorescent Mmm were also detected inside the phagocytes 72h post-infection, even at a low MOI. Finally, the expression vector was used to assess the possible use of mycoplasmas as vaccine vectors. For this purpose, we introduced the H gene of the “peste des petits ruminants” virus, already used in effective recombinant vaccines, in a caprine mycoplasma as proof-of-concept of a mycoplasma-based multivalent vaccine. However, despite the detection of specific mRNA, the expression of the viral protein could not be evidenced using a highly a sensitive peptide detection technique by mass spectrometry, so this prove of concept could not be delivered. Still, the fluorescence expression tools developed in this study are suitable for host-pathogen interaction studies and offer innumerable perspectives for the functional analysis of mycoplasmas both in vitro and in vivo
Maigre, Laure. "Développement d'outils d'identification et de biotypage appliqués à l'étude des infections caprines dues à des mycoplasmes du groupe "Mycoplasma mycoides" (groupe "M. mycoides")." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO10072.
Full textThe ‘M. mycoides’ cluster, a homogenous phylogenetic branch of the Mollicutes, includes 6 taxa which are responsible for diseases in ruminants, most of which are listed by the OIE. Their taxonomic identification, on which current diagnosis is based, is impaired by antigenic and genetic cross-reactivity and by the lack of a universal, intra-taxon PCR assay, especially for the Mcc, MmmLC and Mbg7 taxa. A suppression subtractive hybridization approach was developed to: 1) define molecular differences between these 3 taxa; 2) analyze the overall genetic diversity within the ‘M. mycoides’ cluster and 3) search for new markers useful for diagnosis. Results obtained here showed that several sequences are shared across taxa, with Mcc and MmmLC being very polymorphic compared to Mbg7 which is more homogeneous, representing a sort of chimera between Mcc and MmmLC. From these analyses, a specific PCR assay was designed for Mcc identification but, because of the genetic diversity existing within the ‘M. mycoides’, the taxonomic identification of new strain appears less and less relevant. Instead, regardless of their species, strain typing on the basis of their virulence would offer an alternative approach for diagnosis. We assessed this type of approach for the MmmLC taxon but so far, our attempts to uncover markers that would distinguish pathogenic strains from carrier strains, isolated from herds with no clinical history, have failed. The genetic continuum observed between strains is remnant of horizontal gene transfers and imposes the development of a more global approach for mycoplasmosis surveillance
Belaïd, Baya. "Production d'anticorps monoclonaux spécifiques de Mycoplasma capricolum : application potentielle à un test de diagnostic rapide sur des laits suspects." Université de Paris-Sud. Faculté de pharmacie (Châtenay-Malabry, Hauts-de-Seine), 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA114823.
Full textSolsona, Michel. "Variabilité intraspécifique de trois mycoplasmes pathogènes majeurs chez les ruminants et applications épidémiologiques." Lyon 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LYO10140.
Full textBarbeyrac, Bertille de. "Application des techniques d'hybridation au diagnostic des infections à mycoplasmes et chlamydia trachomatis et à la détection du gène de résistance aux tetracyclines TET(M) chez certaines bactéries responsables d'infections génitales." Bordeaux 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR28307.
Full textFassi, Fehri Lina. "Activité antimicrobienne de peptides membranotropes et mécanisme de résistance chez mycoplasma pulmonis." Rennes 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005REN1S061.
Full textLe, Carrou Jérôme. "Mécanismes cellulaires et moléculaires de la persistance des mycoplasmes aviaires et porcins après un traitement par les fluoroquinolones." Rennes 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006REN1S030.
Full textTsarmpopoulos, Iason. "Ingénierie de génome de bactéries minimales par des outils CRISPR/Cas9." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0787/document.
Full textMycoplasmas are small pathogenic bacteria that are characterized by reduced genomes of about 1 Mbp with a low G+C content. The interest of the scientific community towards these species has been recently renewed by successful synthesis of their genome and transplantation experiments. These new genetic tools opened the way to further applications and developments for large-scale genome engineering programmes. CRISPR/Cas systems are natural systems that provide bacteria and archaea with an adaptive defense mechanism against invading nucleic acids. The CRISPR system from Streptococcus pyogenes includes an endonuclease (SpCas9) and two CRISPR RNAs (crRNA et tracrRNA) which role are to drive Cas9 to a target sequence. Target recognition depends on a specific pairing of the crRNA and the presence of a motif named protospacer adjacent motif (PAM). After recognition, Cas9 cleaves the targeted DNA. From the natural S. pyogenes system, a simplified genetic tool including Cas9 and a guide RNA (gRNA) was developed for many organisms . The first goal of my thesis was to combine the synthetic biology methods of genome cloning in yeast and back transplantation into recipient cells with a CRISPR/Cas9 tool for efficient engineering of mycoplasma genomes cloned in yeast. We succeeded in removing genes and genomic regions in three different species, Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. capri (Mmc), M. capricolum subsp. capricolum and M. pneumoniae. Then, in order to develop a system optimized for mycoplasma genome editing, we characterized a natural CRISPR/Cas9 system derived from Mycoplasma gallisepticum (Mg). Using a combination of in silico and in vivo approaches, MgCas9 PAM sequence was characterized as NNNAAAA. We then started to develop a minimal CRISPR/Cas system from M. gallisepticum for direct genome editing in mollicutes. Thus we introduced MgCas9 encoding gene in Mmc and tried to activate it with a newly designed gRNA, a chimeric molecule between the crRNA and the tracrRNA of M. gallisepticum, without success yet
Faucher, Marion. "Le transfert horizontal de gènes chez les mycoplasmes : de l'acquisition de l'antibiorésistance à la dynamique des génomes." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018INPT0117/document.
Full textMycoplasmas are wall-less bacteria often portrayed as minimal cells because of their reduced genomes. Several species are pathogenic and have a significant economic impact on livestock production, especially for ruminants. Mycoplasmas are also concerned with the worldwide increase in antibiotic resistance. In contrast to the majority of bacteria, these simple bacteria are deprived of conjugative plasmids that are frequently implicated in the horizontal dissemination of resistance genes: in mycoplasmas antibiotic resistance mainly relies on chromosomal mutations in target genes. In Mycoplasmas, the horizontal gene transfer (HGT) has long been underestimated. Recently, two conjugative mechanisms of HGT were described in Mycoplasma agalactiae: the transfer of an integrative and conjugative element (ICE), and the unconventional transfer of chromosomal DNA further designed by “MCT” for Mycoplasma Chromosomal Transfer. Our current study focused on exploring MCT mechanisms and on estimating its impact on antibiotic resistance dissemination. Comparative genomic analyses were performed from the sequencing (i) of spontaneous resistant mutants and (ii) of transconjugants selected by mating experiments and selected based on their resistance. Data revealed that MCT generated the simultaneous transfer of multiple, unrelated donor-fragments following a distributive process. In one conjugative step involving two strains, MCT generated a variety of highly mosaic genomes. This phenomenon was also shown to accelerate the dissemination of antibiotic resistance, by allowing in one step the acquisition of multiple and dispersed mutations associated with resistance. Due to the limitless ability of this phenomenon in reshuffling genomes, MCT may offer a valuable contribution in other adaptive processes such as virulence or host specificity. Finally, the distributive nature and the extent of MCT explain the origin of genes transfers detected in silico in several mycoplasma species. MCT is certainly a major player in the evolution of these minimal bacteria and a key factor of their persistence and virulence
Dedieu, Laurence. "Recherche sur la détection et l'identification des mycoplasmes du groupe mycoïdes par des outils génétiques." Paris 12, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA120039.
Full textBébéar, Cécile. "Mécanismes génétiques de la résistance aux fluoroquinolones liée à la cible chez Mycoplasma Hominis." Bordeaux 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR28553.
Full textLiepmann, Marie-Florence. "Mise au point de tests immunoenzymatiques pour la détection d'antigènes et d'anticorps spécifiques des infections à mycoplasmes uro-génitaux." Lille 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LIL10144.
Full textPoumarat, François. "Analyse antigénique des mycoplasmes des ruminants par des techniques immunoenzymatiques : application à la taxonomie et au diagnostic." Lyon 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LYO10065.
Full textNouvel, Laurent-Xavier. "Etude de la diversité génétique de Mycoplasma agalactiae : plasticité des génomes, mobilome et dynamique de surface." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPT013A/document.
Full textMycoplasma agalactiae is responsible of contagious agalactia, a disease of small ruminants that is still difficult to control and is listed by the OIE. In order to evaluate the genetic diversity of this pathogen, 101 isolates were compared using three techniques (VNTR, RFLP, vpma repertoire). Results revealed a high genetic homogeneity with the PG2 type strain as representative. Some isolates however diverged such as the 5632 which was sequenced and analysed here. Whole comparative genomic and proteomic analyses of the 5632 and PG2 strains indicate that their genomic plasticity resides in important genes flux and in the presence of several mobile genetic elements (10% of the genome). These analyses also revealed that specific loci encoding repertoire of surface proteins are highly dynamic. For these minimal bacteria that lack a cell-wall, these events have most likely played a major role in their survival and adaptation to complex hosts
Deblanc, Céline. "Etudes comparées de la pathogenèse des virus grippaux chez le porc pré-infecté ou non par Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REN1B040/document.
Full textSwine influenza is an enzootic infection affecting 50% of the French livestock. The infection can be unnoticed but can also induce high morbidity among batches of affected animals, resulting in lower production performance and significant economic losses. The severity of influenza A virus in pig is influenced by many factors such as the virus strain, husbandry practices, the immune status of animals, concomitant infections with other respiratory pathogens, etc. In the same way, various epidemiological forms of influenza exist in farms. Thus, infections can be repeated in all successive batches within a farm, especially among young animals with passive immunity. In order to better understand the clinical and epidemiological diversity of the swine flu, and help develop appropriate strategies to control the disease, we tried to bring new knowledge about factors that promote the exacerbation of the flu syndrome and/or its recurrence, and more generally to give new information about the mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of influenza viruses in pigs, in relation to the response of the infected host. Firstly, we compared, through experimental infections of specific pathogen free pigs, the pathogenicity of the two swine influenza viruses mostly detected in pigs in France, i.e. one from the European “avian-like swine H1N1” lineage (H1avN1) and the other one from the European “human-like reassortant swine H1N2” lineage (H1huN2), each one alone or in co-infection with Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Mhp), another respiratory pathogen widespread in French farms. We showed that the H1huN2 infection induced a more marked pathology than the H1avN1 infection, and that Mhp pre-infection induced the exacerbation of the H1avN1, but not the H1huN2, infection. Then, we used the Mhp/H1avN1 co-infection model to evaluate alternative approaches that could reduce the impact of influenza infections and their complications: firstly, a supply of compounds with antioxidant properties in food; and secondly, a feed restriction of short duration. In both cases, we showed beneficial effects on zootechnical parameters the days following influenza infection. This work has also brought new knowledge on modulation of oxidative stress markers in plasma, as well as metabolic changes following the co-infection with Mhp and H1avN1 in pigs. The severity of flu clinical manifestations being related, among other, to the quality of the immune responses developed by the infected host, we studied these responses in pigs experimentally infected by H1avN1 and assessed the impact of factors such as the presence of Mhp or maternal derived antibodies on these responses. We showed that the viral infection induced inflammation and interferon response. The Mhp pre-infection exerted an additive effect on inflammation of lung tissue and may promote the virus persistence in the lung. Finally, we have shown that the presence of maternally-derived immunity protected the piglets clinically but did not prevent viral shedding, delayed the T cell response and strongly inhibited the post-infectious humoral response. However, despite the failed humoral immune response, animals were completely protected from a second infection occurring when maternal antibodies had disappeared. Therefore, this work have brought new knowledge on factors influencing influenza infection in pig as well as the underlying mechanisms, which is a prerequisite for improving disease control. They allow, between-other, to consider improving the health and welfare of animals by acting on their diet
Reinhardt, Anita. "Résistance aux fluoroquinolones liée à la cible chez mycoplasma gallisepticum : : sélection de mutants et analyse des mécanismes génétiques." Rennes 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002REN1A002.
Full textLe, Gall Fabrice. "Ingénierie d'un anticorps recombinant et son expression par le tabac : évaluation comme méthode de lutte contre un mollicute phytopathogène, le phytoplasme du Stolbur." Bordeaux 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR28594.
Full textELIANE, JEAN-PIERRE. "Etude de l'effet de l'infection par les mycoplasmes sur la pathogenese du virus de l'immunodeficience simienne (siv) chez le singe macaque." Paris 11, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA112145.
Full textVerdin, Eric. "Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae : mise au point et validation d'une technique de détection par PCR sur animal vivant. Contribution à l'étude du pouvoir pathogène." Bordeaux 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR28641.
Full textRaherison, Sophie. "Etude physiologique de l'efflux actif dans la résistance aux fluoroquinolones chez Mycoplasma hominis, caractérisation moléculaire de son support génétique." Bordeaux 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BOR28992.
Full textShahram, Masoud. "Physiological and molecular studies on Mycoplasma mycoides Lc strains and other mycoplasmas." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.407083.
Full textDavis, Kelley L. "Mycoplasma fermentans MALP-404 : a new paradigm for surface variation of mycoplasmas /." Free to MU Campus, others may purchase, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3091915.
Full textJúnior, Regis Edgar Castilho. "Detecção molecular de Mollicutes em caprinos do sudoeste da Bahia, Brasil: um estudo transversal." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10134/tde-25082017-103518/.
Full textBrazil has about 8.6 million goats and more than 90% are located in the northeast region of the country. The goat breeding, due to its great adaptability to the different ecosystems, has social and economic importance in the region. In this context, the mycoplasmas that colonize the goats are inserted. Caprine mycoplasmosis is widely disseminated worldwide and has socioeconomic relevance in its creation. The low technification of the properties, failure to detect Mollicutes and the low scientific production demonstrate a worrying scenario regarding the sanity of the herd of this region. Considering this, the present study aimed at the research of mycoplasmas in goats, through molecular detection, in the southwest region of the State of Bahia, Brazil. Questionnaires were applied on 12 properties and swab samples were obtained from the ocular, nasal and vaginal conjunctiva of 132 goats. The PCR and qPCR methodologies were applied in the swabs for the detection of Mollicutes of importance in goat breeding. Statistical analyzes were performed to identify associations between the presence of Mollicutes and the management of the animals. It was observed that 70% of the properties are meat farms, 80% were commercial properties and 90% used the intensive breed system. In the clinical evaluations, 22.7% (30/132), 13.6% (18/132) and 6.8% (9/132) of the animals respectively presented pre-scapular, equine and altered submandibular lymph nodes. Genital and ocular hyperemic mucosa were observed in 9.8% (13/132) of the animals. From the analised swabs, 67.4% (89/132), 20.8% (26/125) and 6.8% (9/132) of the nasal, genital and ocular samples respectively, were identified by PCR, positive for the presence of DNA from microorganisms of the Mollicutes class. M. agalactiae was detected in 4.5% (6/132) of the nasal samples and M. conjunctivae in 1.5% (2/132) of the ocular samples. No DNA was detected by conventional PCR of M. mycoides subsp. capri, M. capricolum subsp. capricolum, as well as by qPCR of M. capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae. A positive correlation was observed between animals from intensive breeding system and conventional PCR positive for Mollicutes class in nasal samples (OR: 6,417; CI: 1,551 - 26,546). Positive correlation was also observed between animals from dairy farms and conventional PCR positive for Mollicutes class in ocular samples (OR: 6,441; CI: 1,235-33,581). As well as between animals from the extensive breeding system and conventional Mollicutes positive PCR in genital samples (OR: 3,900; CI: 1,028 - 14,796). No statistically significant association was observed in the correlation between the variables of interest and the results of conventional PCR for M. agalactiae in nasal samples and for M. conjunctivae in ocular samples. It is concluded that mycoplasmas are present in goat breeding in the southwestern region of Bahia. The identification of M.conjunctivae, described only once in the national literature, which despite the low occurrence has an endemic character; reinforces the need for more focused studies in the identification of mycoplasmas as well as the elaboration of a health profile of this type of breeding in northeastern Brazil.
Skapski, Agnès. "Exploration fonctionnelle du génome de mycoplasma agalactiae : recherche des facteurs de virulence en culture cellulaire." Toulouse 3, 2011. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1370/.
Full textMycoplasma agalactiae is the etiological agent of contagious agalactia, a disease of small ruminants that is listed by the OIE. A cell culture assay was developed for the high-throughput analysis of the interactions between M. Agalactiae and host cells. This approach identified 62 loci potentially involved in host-mycoplasma interactions, most of them encoding membrane proteins. Moreover, the NIF locus, a virulence factor involved in the synthesis of iron-sulfur cluster in several pathogenic bacteria, was found as essential for M. Agalactiae proliferation in cell culture, while dispensable for axenic growth. Remarkably, this study also revealed that intergenic regions may play unexpected roles in mycoplasma-host interactions. These results provide a new approach to study pathogenic processes in mycoplasma infections and new means for the development of efficient vaccine strategies adapted to these unconventional pathogens
Al-Ankari, Abdul-Rahman Sultan. "Studies on avian mycoplasmas in mixed infections and strain differentiation of Mycoplasma iowae." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.333561.
Full textLavergne, Marilyne. "Rôle des protéines NLRP dans la physiopathologie des membranes foetales humaines." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CLFAS025.
Full textInflammation plays a pivotal role in term or preterm fetal membranes (FM) rupture, but the detailed mechanisms remain unclear. In this context, studies on inflammasomes, one of the key inflammation actors, recently intensified. These intracellular platforms, formed following a pro-inflammatory signal, are involved in the establishment and propagation of an inflammatory reaction. Their functions in FM begin to be described but grey areas remain. Thus, the aim of this work was to complete the characterization of inflammasomes-dependent inflammatory processes, focusing on NLRP inflammasomes.NLRP inflammasomes are composed of a NLRP receptor, the adapter ASC and the pro-caspase-1. After verifying the presence of these actors in term human FM, we focused our interest on NLRP7 inflammasome. Indeed, its function has been studied in the placental area but never in FM. The stimulation of primary amnion epithelial cells with an NLRP7 inflammasome specific ligand demonstrated (i) an increased protein level of the three actors of this inflammasome (NLRP7, ASC and pro-caspase-1), (ii) the formation of this inflammasome by NLRP7 and ASC colocalization and (iii) the activation of this inflammasome, by cleavages of two end-effectors, pro-caspase-1 and gasdermin D. These results indicate for the first time that FM are able to activate NLRP7 inflammasome signalization in response to a pro-inflammatory signal. Moreover, two natural activators of NLRP7 inflammasome have been newly identified in term human FM: Mycoplasma salivarium and Mycoplasma fermentans. Their presence suggests that NLRP7 inflammasome could play an essential role in inflammatory processes in FM. All this work strongly suggests the involvement of NLRP7 inflammasome in pathophysiology of human FM rupture, which could be a potential therapeutic target to prevent premature rupture of FM