Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Mycorhize'
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Kadum, Hindi Abdalla. "Études ultrastructurales de l'association endomycorhizienne à vésicules et arbuscules (glomus mosseae) avec les racines du soja (glycine max (l. ) merrill) et intervention des microorganismes dans les résidus racinaires." Nancy 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991NAN10199.
Full textGensous, Simon. "Les champignons mycorhiziens à arbuscules des maquis miniers de la Nouvelle Calédonie : Diversité, rôle dans l'adaptation des plantes à la contrainte ultramafique et interaction avec des rhizobactéries promotrices de la croissance." Thesis, Nouvelle Calédonie, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014NCAL0062/document.
Full textIn New Caledonia (NC), restoration of open-cat mining sites is far from being mastered. It still needs work, to be improved, especially in plants - soil - microorganisms relationships. These works have focus on description of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) diversity and role in the adaptation of plants to ultramafic constraint, with plant growth promoting rhibzobacteria (PGPR). The diversity of AMF is analyzed on two plant genera with species on ultramafic soils, nickel hyperaccumulat ing or not, and on volcano-sedimentary soils. The analysis of this diversity shows that community composition is contrasted between the two types of soil. Some of AMF taxa seem to be specific to ultramafic soils and some even to be specific to nickel hyperaccumulator species. For the role in adaptation of plants to ultramafic constraints, greenhouse experiments on three endemic species (Alphitonia meocaledonica, Carpolepis laurifolia and Costularia comosa) have shown that naturally brings mycorrhiza improved growth, mineral nutrition, water and Ca /Mg ration. Phosphorus additions seem to change these effects with different consequences on growth according to the host plant. Finally, the use of PGPR alone or with AMF showed that the effect depends on host plant species and bacterial strain, but usually leads to improved growth and plant nutrition. These studies have shown the importance of AMF in ultramafic soils NC
Bes, Clémence. "Phytoremédiation des sols d’un site de traitement du bois contaminés par le cuivre." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR13712/document.
Full textAt a timber treatment site, there is a major Cu contamination of topsoils. Soil remediation was developed and assessed, especially aided phytostabilisation. Main objectives were: 1) Initial risk assessment; 2) The selection of efficient amendments for increasing Cu stabilization and plant growth; 3) The selection of Cu-tolerant plant species; 4) The in situ appraisal of the best amendments and plant species with a long term monitoring of the plots; 5) The characterisation of the tolerance mechanisms of a Poaceae species, A. capillaris. The topsoil contamination increased the mortality for two terrestrial invertebrates and plant species, decreased the biomass and diversity of plant communities and modified their composition as well. Root exposure to Cu was decreased with the incorporation of amendments, i.e. organic matters, singly or in combination with alkaline materials or zerovalent iron grit. In established plant communities, native Cu tolerant species were recorded. Pot experiments confirmed several plant species as Cu tolerant and highlighted differential tolerance across plant species and populations. Some plant species were transplanted to the site and the soil Cu labile pool was decreased by mixing amendments. After a two-year period of aided phytostabilisation, bean exposure decreased, native plant species naturally disseminated and diversity increased. The association of trees with ectomycorhiza improved the growth of P. nigra. The role of mycorhiza and other micro-organisms in improving phytostabilisation was not clear-cut but is a promising option. One of the tolerant plant species, A. capillaris, was chosen to identify the Cu tolerance mechanisms in roots. The proteome of two populations, one metallicolous and one non metallicolous, was extracted and differential synthesis of soluble proteins compared in order to identify and sequence candidates
Lallemand, Félix. "Evolution des interactions mycorhiziennes et de la mycohétérotrophie chez les orchidées." Thesis, Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MNHN0019/document.
Full textTerrestrial plants live in collaboration with soil fungi, forming associations called mycorrhizal symbioses. They exchange carbon (photosynthates) for water and nutrients. This mutualism is however disrupted by some plants, called mycoheterotrophs, which are able to obtain carbon from their fungal symbionts. Non-photosynthetic most of the time, then they entirely depend on mycorrhizal fungi. Some yet have retained photosynthesis and acquire carbon from these two ways, we called them mixotrophs. This PhD thesis is dedicated to the study of mycoheterotrophic and mixotrophic plants in orchids, with points of comparison in Ericaceae. This dissertation is structured around different kinds of work, which clarify the phylogeny of some key lineages, provide insights into the genomic, metabolic and physiologic evolution going along with these unusual nutrition types, and question how they respond to environmental parameters
Bisot, Corentin. "Bridging scales in the Arbsucular Mycorhizal Symbiosis." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon, École normale supérieure, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ENSL0057.
Full textThe microscopic life of soils is responsible for large macroscopic flows of matter at a planetary scale. However, the complexity of ecosystems and the organisms that comprise them makes it difficult to scale from one level to another. The thesis titled "Linking Scales in Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis" establishes connections between objects ranging from the size of a lipid droplet (~500nm) to the total length of fungal hyphae at a planetary scale (~10^20m).The first chapter introduces a framework for analyzing fungal colonies through 'travelling waves', connecting the microscopic scale of individual hyphal behavior to macroscopic variables such as density and propagation speed. These results constitute the first analysis of experimental data with high degree of spatiotemporal resolution of a branching organism's morphogenesis dynamics.The second details the ecological consequences of this macroscopic propagation by quantifying the resource exchange it entails. This result sheds new light on mycorrhizal science by linking phenotypic traits of fungal colonies to their impact on trade with plants in different environments.The third chapter focuses on the microscopic underpinning of bidirectional resource trade within the Arbuscular Mycorhizhal (AM) fungal colonies. It aims at characterizing the robust physical mechanisms that allow the directed transport of carbon and phosphorous over the centimeter wide colony.In an annex chapter, the results are projected at the scale of ecosystems. The work on the radius of the hyphae particularly helps to reduce the calculation uncertainty on the total biomass of mycorrhizal fungi in an ecosystem and at a planetary scale
Lachambre, Gilles. "Techniques de mycorhization : leurs utilisations pour la maîtrise de la culture des champignons comestibles, truffes et cêpes." Paris 5, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA05P004.
Full textTisserant, Emilie. "Analyse bioinformatique du transcriptome des champignons mycorhiziens Tuber melanosporum et Glomus intraradices." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NAN10105/document.
Full textMycorrhizal symbiosis is a mutualistic interaction involving roots of terrestrial plants and soil fungi. Morphological changes associated with the development of this symbiosis are accompanied by changes in gene expression. The study of transcriptomic profiles is thus essential to characterize the molecular mechanisms that govern the mycorrhizal symbiosis. The recent development of high-throughput transcriptomic approaches provides new insights for the understanding of these mechanisms. The work undertaken during this thesis aimed to characterize in silico the transcriptome of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Tuber melanosporum and the endomycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices. In order to characterize transcripts expressed by the symbionts and to identify genes regulated during symbiosis, bioinformatic tools and protocols were implemented to process transcriptomic data derived from new sequencing technologies. This work has allowed to highlight common features in the expression profiles of mycorrhizal fungi. In addition, characterization of the G. intraradices transcriptome has allowed to establish the first genome-wide repertoire of genes for an endomycorrhizal fungus. The study helps to improve knowledge about the molecular processes underlying the mycorrhizal symbiosis and provides a unique resource for future research on the gene networks controlling symbiosis
Bournaud, Caroline. "Biodiversité des rhizobiums et interactions tripartite dans le groupe Piptadenia (tribu des Mimoseae)." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON20242/document.
Full textThe Piptadenia group comprise endemic species from Brazil of which many are trees able to develop on poorly fertile soils and are good candidates for revegetation programs. Piptadenia species establish symbioses with both arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and rhizobia. These species are phylogenetically close to the Mimosa genus, known for its affinity for Burkholderia rhizobial symbionts. In this thesis we describe the biodiversity of rhizobial symbionts associated to the Piptadenia group, and enlarge the affinity towards Burkholderia to this group of legumes. Phylogenetic studies on neutral and symbiotic markers show a stable and ancient symbiosis Burkholderia/Mimoseae. Specificity studies between Burkholderia and Piptadenia group species show that specificity is not strong, and that patterns of associations between partners are isolation site dependent rather than linked to the host legume. In the second part of this thesis we have studied the tripartite association between several Burkholderia genotypes, an AMF (Glomus clarum), and Piptadenia gonoacantha (Pg), a legume species described as making an AMF-dependent nodulation (Jesus et al., 2005). Our experiments show that nodulation in Pg is not AMF-dependent, but that symbiotic efficiency of nodules rely on AMF presence for specific Burkholderia genotypes. We also describe interactions between rhizobial and mycorrhizal symbiosis (AMF presence in nodules, with sporulation in several symbionts combinations). Our work underlines the necessity to consider genotype-genotype interactions between rhizobial and AMF symbionts for the selection of synergistic inoculums in revegetation programs using Piptadenia group species in Brazil
Kosuta, Sonja. "Des facteurs diffusibles, produits par les champignons mycorhiziens à arbuscules, induisent des réponses symbiotiques au niveau des racines de Medicago truncatula." Toulouse 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU30029.
Full textBalzergue, Coline. "Régulation de la symbiose endomycorhizienne par le phosphate." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00796089.
Full textAl, Abras Kamal. "La crise de transplantation chez l'épicéa commun : Analyse du comportement des mycorhizes." Nancy 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NAN10325.
Full textBoudarga, Khadija. "Étude des mycorhizes de l'eucalyptus camaldulensis : Application pratique à la mycorhization de vitroplants." Nancy 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NAN10042.
Full textLaurent, Pascal. "Contribution à l'étude des protéines régulées par la symbiose chez l'ectomycorhize d'Eucalyptus – Pisolithus : caractérisation de mannoprotéines pariétales chez le basidiomycète Pisolithus tinctorius." Nancy 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995NAN10417.
Full textKamel, Laurent. "Caractérisation de protéines sécrétées du champignon Rhizophagus irregularis : criblage de leur effet sur l’établissement de la symbiose endomycorhizienne." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30052.
Full textArbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis is a mutualistic association established between plant roots and soil fungi belonging to the phylum Glomeromycota. In this association, the fungus acts as a natural fertilizer, supplying the plant with various minerals (phosphorus, but also nitrogen and sulfur) in exchange to carbon sources essential for its development. An original feature of these fungi is their very broad host spectrum: c.a. 80% of plant species have the ability to form this symbiosis, and some species of AM fungi do not seem to have a restrictive host spectrum. Would MA fungi possess "universal keys" for cell compatibility with their host, or to by-pass plant immunity? To address this problem, we studied the secretome of the AM fungus Rhizophagus irregularis from which several genomic data were available. Eukaryotic microorganisms indeed secrete in their environment proteins acting on their exogenous structures (cell wall), on their environment (nutrient recruitment), and even on host plant cell immunity. These last secreted proteins (SPs) are defined as effectors. Based on two different assemblies, a repertoire of 872 SPs of R. irregularis was defined for which transcriptional expression profiles obtained in three hosts were compared, as well with SPs from another species of AM fungus, Gigaspora rosea. After adding sequences of small size identified from an in-house transcriptomic assembly, screening unambiguous open reading frame, and selecting strongly expressed candidates (FC> 10) in the 3 plant hosts analyzed, a set of 33 RiSPs of interest was defined, of which 18 were selected for functional analysis. As genetic transformation protocol is unavailable for AM fungi, RiSP:citrine fusion proteins were overexpressed in tobacco leaves and barrel medic roots for plant cell localization. Different cell compartments were targeted by these RiSPs, and often localised in the vacuolar compartment. In planta overexpression of several candidates allowed identifying 3 RiSPs that stimulate the establishment of the symbiosis. In the same time, attempts to enhance MA symbiosis by addition of exogenous RiSPs on seedlings during mycorrhizal establishment were initiated. Such assays should be pursued on the 3 active candidates revealed by overexpression assays. Evaluating the specificity of action of these RiSPs on AM symbiosis compared to other plant-fungus interactions will open the way to field trials
Deveau, Aurélie. "Déterminisme moléculaire des interactions entre le champignon ectomycorhizien Laccaria bicolor S238N et des bactéries du sol." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NAN10134/document.
Full textEctomycorrhizal fungi have a beneficial impact on tree nutrition and growth by forming symbiotic associations with roots. In their natural environment, they interact physically and metabolically with soil bacterial communities that are beneficial, neutral or antagonistic to the fungus. Since the 80ies, a specific interest has been given to bacterial strains that improve the formation of ectomycorrhizal symbiosis, so-called mycorrhiza helper bacteria. The strain Pseudomonas fluorescens BBc6R8 is particularly efficient to enhance the establishment of Douglas fir - Laccaria bicolor S238N mycorrhizal symbiosis, by improving the survival and the growth of the pre-symbiotic mycelium in soil. We have used both a global and a targeted approach to investigate the molecular mechanisms of this helper effect. In a first step, we have analysed, using an in vitro assay, the morphological and the transcriptomic responses of the ectomycorrhizal fungus to the presence of the helper bacteria at different time of the interaction. Then we have assessed the question of the specificity of the fungal response by studying the effect of non-helper bacterial strains on the fungal behaviour. Finally, we have focused on the role played by several key molecules in the interaction: thiamine, trehalose and the type III secretion system. We suggest that the bacterial strain would exert its helper effect through a combination of mechanisms: an improvement of the nutritional status of the fungus and a preparation of both the plant and the ectomycorrhizal fungus to the root infection
Grellier, Brigitte. "Approche biotechnologique des mycorhizes : culture in vitro et physiologie des associations ectomycorhiziennes." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37605677t.
Full textZerbib, Jérémie. "Relations trophiques ente la plante cultivée et les champignons mycorhiziens à arbuscules. Importance des champignons mycorhiziens à arbuscules sur la production végétale (en termes de quantité et qualité)." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCK078.
Full textIn its environment, the plant interacts constantly with microorganisms. It is confronted with a variety of beneficial, neutral or pathogenic microorganisms, which are highly dependent on the carbon resources that the plant releases into the soil, giving them a supply of nutrients and energy necessary for their development. The arbuscular mycorrhiza is a mutualistic symbiosis formed by 80% of terrestrial plants from the Ordovician period, i.e. about 450 million years ago. The research presented in this manuscript was focused on two main goals: (i) to gain a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying trophic relationships in the mycorrhizal plant, and (ii) to study the impact of mycorhization on plant production, both in terms of quantity and quality. We investigated the mycorrhizal response of wheat landraces in order to understand if there were differences in a semi-controlled environment (greenhouses) or in an uncontrolled environment (field), and / or depending on the community of mycorrhizal fungi. Our results showed that mycorrhization and the nature of endogenous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi can affect yield, even in wheat varieties with low mycorrhizal ability. We also highlighted the importance of choosing the criteria used to measure this potential gain. In a second line of research, we were interested in the impact of arbuscular mycorrhiza on the development of Micro-Tom tomato, and the trophic exchanges during the interaction. Multivariate analysis revealed behavioral differences between plants at mature green fruit and red ripening stages depending on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal strain, as well as potential interaction event between two arbuscular mycorrhiza fungus trains. Our results confirm that the arbuscules are not the only sites of exchange in arbuscular mycorrhiza. The third axis of this work focused on the potential impact of seed production methods of ancient tomato varieties in drought condition, both on the endogenous community of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the field, on the tolerance of the plant to water stress and on crop production in terms of fruit yield and quality. The experimental site was located in the Potager de santé (seed farm managed by Pascal Poot). Our results show no difference, under conditions of water stress in the field, between varieties regularly cultivated on this site and commercial varieties. Then, one may wonder if other factors related to the exploitation site, such as the beneficial microorganisms interacting with the roots of the plants could be at the origin of the increased tolerance to water stress. Work is underway in the laboratory to study this hypothesis. All of this work paves the way for new research aimed at elucidating the molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of trophic exchanges during arbuscular mycorrhizae and the valuation of the ecosystem services rendered by arbuscular mycorrhizae in the field
Taktek, Salma. "Dissolution biologique des phosphates : interaction bactéries - mycorhizes." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25898.
Full textSoluble phosphorus (P) fertilizers added to soil rapidly precipitate, forming sparingly soluble phosphates, not available to plants. Furthermore, the excessive use of chemical fertilizers to compensate soil P deficiency is not considered sustainable and it leads to costly and potentially harmful applications. Many reports confirmed that beneficial soil microorganisms, including phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB), have a significant influence on soil fertility and crop productivity. Indeed, PSB can also improve phosphate rock (PR) efficiency when directly applied to soil. However, most published works on PSB overlooked the possible interaction between PSB and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), which are ubiquitous in cultivated plants. A new approach based on the trapping of PSB strongly attached to the hyphosphere of AMF Rhizophagus irregularis (Ri) DAOM 197198, previously inoculated with microbial soil suspensions was developed to isolate relevant PSB able to mobilize P from a low reactive igneous PR more efficiently than those directly isolated from the same rhizosphere soil samples. An in vitro study demonstrated that the synergism between hyphobacteria (Burkholderia anthina Ba8 and Rhizobium miluonense Rm3) and Ri hyphae highly improved the solubilisation of PR. Our results go beyond the existing studies and showed specific mechanisms involved on PSB-AMF interactions. Indeed, hyphobacteria, mainly B. anthina Ba8, strongly adhere to Ri hyphal surfaces and PR particles forming a structured biofilm. Under greenhouse conditions, the direct application of PSB and AMF Ri as biostimulants for sustainable corn production showed that these beneficial microorganisms improve growth and P uptake of corn fertilized with superphosphate or Quebec PR.
Giasson, Philippe. "Utilisation de champignons mycorhiziens dans le processus de phytorestauration de sols contaminés aux métaux lourds /." Thèse, Montréal : Chicoutimi : Université du Québec à Montréal ; Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 2005. http://accesbib.uqam.ca/cgi-bin/bduqam/transit.pl?&noMan=24634665.
Full textEn tête du titre: Université du Québec à Montréal. Comprend des réf. bibliogr. Publié aussi en version électronique.
Supriyanto. "Micropropagation de pinus nigra et pinus sylvestriS : Application à leurs hybrides interspécifiques." Nancy 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NAN10253.
Full textVayssières, Alice. "Contrôle de l'auxine dans les modifications du développement racinaire du peuplier en réponse au champignon ectomycorhizien Laccaria bicolor." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0017/document.
Full textRoot systems of host trees are known to establish the ectomycorrhizal (ECM) symbiosis with rhizospheric fungi. This mutualistic association leads to modifications of root development that including a stimulation of lateral host roots, and a modification in root growth. The phytohormone auxin (Indole-3-acetic acid, IAA) is known to regulate LRs formation and root growth. Our research focussed on auxin pathways in poplar root in response to L. bicolor. In this study, our data showed that the poplar-Laccaria bicolor interaction leads to the arrest of LRs and adventitious root growth after two weeks of interaction. We also showed that this arrest is not regulated by the Hartig net. Differential auxin responses were analyzed by using an auxin-responsive DR5::GUS marker line and revealed a loss of auxin response in ECM roots. An oligoarray-based transcript profiling of poplar roots in contact with L. bicolor highlights a differential expression of auxin asociated genes in ECM. Measurement of auxin metabolite in ECM and in the free living partners revealed an IAA accumulation, an activation of the IPyA (Indol-3-Pyruvic Acid) dependant IAA biosynthesis pathway in both partners, as well as changes in IAA conjugation pathways in poplar and in IAA degradation pathways in L. bicolor. Our findings illustrate the impact of L. bicolor colonization on root auxin metabolism and response, and also suggest a role of auxin as a signal in the formation of ECM and in the regulation of ECM function. In parallel, PtaPIN9 function analysis in response to L. bicolor has been performed. PtaPIN9 immunolocalization in poplar roots showed similar localization to AtPIN2 in epidermis cells. Transgenic lines having a modification in PtaPIN9 expression, did not formed new LRs in respond to L. bicolor. In ECM roots, the loss of PtaPIN9 signal is observed but modifications of PtaPIN9 expression did not modify the root growth arrest and the Hartig net formation. These results show major changes in auxin associate pathways in poplar root by the symbiotic fungus L. bicolor, during the formation of the mycorrhiza root. Our results offer perspectives on the role of auxin in root development and in the context plants-microbes interactions
Fraga-Beddiar, Arifa. "Interactions entre les symbiotes mycorhiziens et les symbiotes fixateurs d'azote chez l'aulne glutineux (alnus glutinosa L. Gaertin)." Nancy 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NAN10335.
Full textAzémar-Lorentz, Stéphanie. "Étude des interactions plante-champignon au niveau des apex des ectomycorhizes formées par Eucalyptus Globulus ssp bicostata et Pisolithus tinctorius : rôle des tanins et du mucilage dans l'établissement de la symbiose." Nancy 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998NAN10310.
Full textDuvert, Patrice. "Réceptivité des sols aux associations mycorhiziennes et aptitude prophylactique des mycorhizes." Dijon, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987DIJOS055.
Full textZapata, Carbonell José. "Améliorer la qualité agronomique d’un dépôt de gypse rouge résiduel par phytomanagement." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UBFCD023.
Full textThe industrial development may bring along significant environmental concern regarding the storage of residues. The residual red gypsum (RRG), which is the neutralization product of the TiO2 extraction effluent, is an alkaline substrate rich in Ca, Fe, S, Mg, Mn, among others. Such characteristics complicate the proper natural reclamation, therefore requiring adequate management for meeting the state regulations. This PhD dissertation focused on the study of the RRG landfill found at the Ochsenfeld site in Alsace, France. The general objective of this doctorate was to provide assistance on the plant reclamation of the Ochsenfeld site by following two virtual approaches or axes: the phytostabilization and the phytoextraction of Mn. The first specific objective was to characterize the study site. Then the second and third specific objectives were to evaluate the use of organic amendments and mycorrhizae as assistance for the plant development. The last objective was to evaluate a specialized plant species capable of developing in RRG with minimum assistance. In this work, it was found that some species of the Betulaceae and Salicaceae families established spontaneously in the site, whose characteristic was the resistance to poor agronomic quality and tolerance to trace elements. The application of crushed pine bark chips not only decreased significantly the pH of RRG for Betula pendula plants to accumulate in leaves up to five-fold the natural concentrations of Mn, but also induced some drawbacks in the plants. The application of raw digestate to RRG increased the growth and biomass production of Betula pendula over the short-term, whereas its inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi induced a similar out come only with visible effects over the medium- to long-term. Finally, the assays using Lupinus albus indicated that few was the assistance needed in order to allow its growth and development. Furthermore, the plant’s mechanism that allowed the Mn phytoextraction provided some insight on the potential use of this species for further field-scale applications in seasonal co-cultures next to other Mn accumulating species in order to recover Mn from the RRG. From an applied point of view, this PhD research allowed to determine the limiting factors that prevented the natural installation of vegetation in the RRG landfill. Furthermore, it allowed the generation of pertinent information on solutions to the encountered problematic. Treatment recommendations are made in order to meet the needs required by the French state, which would avoid possible impacts to the ecosystem and public health. Additionally, the management hereby mentioned may also provide insight for an alternative revalorization method for the RRG with an economically interesting perspective
Leyval, Corinne. "Intéractions bactéries-mycorhizes dans la rhizosphère du pin sylvestre et du hêtre : Incidences sur l'exsudation racinaire et l'altération des minéraux." Nancy 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NAN10169.
Full textHilbert, Jean-Louis. "Contribution à l'étude des intéractions plantes-champignons ectomycorhiziens : Modifications de la biosynthèse des protéines au cours du développement de la symbiose : eucalyptus globulus-pisolithus tinctorius." Nancy 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NAN10062.
Full textJeanmaire, Christine. "Etude cytophysiologique des mycorhizes à vesicules et arbuscules : approche ultrastructurale et fonctionnelle." Nancy 1, 1991. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_1991_0070_JEANMAIRE.pdf.
Full textAl, Abras Kamal. "La Crise de transplantation chez l'Epicea commun analyse du comportement des mycorhizes /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37611123r.
Full textPivato, Barbara. "Ecology of arbuscular mycorrhizas : interactions plant - fungal genotypes and mycorrhizas - bacteria." Dijon, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008DIJOS006.
Full textIn the first part of the thesis, possible effect of the plant genotype on the genetic diversity and structure of the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal community was assessed. Results indicated a similar diversity of AM fungi in the four Medicago species used. However, the abundance of AM fungi differed significantly upon the plant species, indicating preferential associations between AM fungal and plant genotypes. The second part of the thesis was based on the hypothesis that the long joint evolution of AM fungi and plants did not occur independently of the associated bacteria. To test this hypothesis, the genetic structure of bacterial communities associated with mycorrhizal and non mycorrhizal roots of M. Truncatula was compared. The bacterial communities differed significantly between mycorrhizal and non mycorrhizal roots, these differences being explained by sequences belonging to Oxalobacteraceae and Comamonadaceae families. Six bacterial isolates representative of the populations belonging to Oxalobacteraceae and Comamonadaceae were tested together with two reference strains (Collimonas fungivorans Ter331 and Pseudomonas fluorescens C7R12) for their effect on mycorrhization. One strain belonging to Oxalobacteraceae (Collimonas sp. J5B4) and P. Fluorescens C7R12 promoted both AM fungal growth and mycorrhization, partially confirming our hypothesis that bacteria preferentially associated with mycorrhizal roots would be beneficial to the symbiosis. Finally, the characterization of the promoting effect of P. Fluorescens C7R12 showed that it was fungal specific and that the pattern of colonization of bacterial cells on mycorrhizal and non mycorrhizal roots differed
Berjaud, Claude. "Effet de la carence en phosphate sur les phosphatases acides d'un champignon ectomycorhizogène, Pisolithus tinctorius." Montpellier 2, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986MON20075.
Full textElkhider, Khalafalla A. "Mycorrhizal development and effects on growth of the peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/3471.
Full textYassir, Abdellah. "Contribution à l'étude de l'influence de facteurs physico-chimiques et nutritionnels sur la croissance du mycélium de Tuber." Dijon, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986DIJOS033.
Full textZézé, Adolphe. "Isolement de séquences répétées du génome d'un champignon endomycorhizogène à arbuscules scutellospora castanea : application à la détection in planta." Dijon, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995DIJOS027.
Full textGIOLLANT, MICHEL. "Les Lectines des lactaires du groupe Dapetes : (L. deliciosus, L. deterrimus, L. salmonicolor), purification, étude biochimique et spécificité ; intervention des lectines dans les phénomènes de reconnaissance moléculaire au cours des événements précoces de la mycorhization avec les confières associés." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991CLF15003.
Full textDerelle, Damien. "Effets des associations de plantes sur la symbiose mycorhizienne et réponse spécifique des plantes à la mycorhization." Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066015.
Full textPereda, Campos Marline Veronica Martin Francis. "Contribution à l'étude des transporteurs de phosphate de la famille PHT1 chez le Peuplier (Populus trichocarpa Torr. & Gray) et le champignon ectomycorhizien Laccaria bicolor (Maire) P. D. Orton." S. l. : Nancy 1, 2008. http://www.scd.uhp-nancy.fr/docnum/SCD_T_2008_0141_PEREDA-CAMPOS.pdf.
Full textLe, Marquer Morgane. "Etude de peptides sécrétés par le champignon mycorhizien à arbuscules Rhizophagus irregularis." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30267.
Full textArbuscular Mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis is a beneficial association established between members of an ancient subphylum of fungi, the Glomeromycotina, and the roots of the majority of terrestrial plants. AM fungi provide water and minerals (mainly nitrogen and phosphorus) to their host plant in exchange for organic carbon in the form of hexoses and lipids. Recent studies have shown that certain proteins secreted by AM fungi are important symbiosis regulators (Kloppholz et al., 2011, Tsuzuki et al., 2016). Our aim was to identify new fungal proteins involved in the establishment of symbiosis. Proteins predicted to be preferentially secreted by the AM fungus Rhizophagus irregularis in the roots were identified at the beginning of my thesis (Kamel et al., 2017). We noticed that some of them had a structure resembling the sex pheromone precursors of Ascomycota. These proteins are known to be processed in the secretory pathway into small peptides which are then secreted. Their recognition by a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) leads to cell fusion of two opposite sex types. In the case of R. irregularis, only clonal reproduction has been described. However, recent genomic data question its status as an asexual organism (Ropars et al., 2016). A large part of my thesis was dedicated to the functional characterization of this type of processed peptides in R. irregularis. We show that two of them are actually produced and secreted by R. irregularis. Treatments with synthetic forms of these peptides revealed that one of them stimulated the colonization of M. truncatula but was also perceived by the fungus itself, inducing the transcription of its own precursor gene and of a GPCR gene. This symbiosis-stimulating peptide is composed of only three amino acids and can be produced from three different protein precursors. Using reverse genetics (HIGS and VIGS), we confirmed the importance of these precursors in the symbiosis establishment. [...]
Bousquet, Nadine. "Étude immunoenzymatique de phosphatases acides de champignons ectomycorhiziens." Montpellier 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987MON20276.
Full textTollot, Marie. "Recherche de gènes fongiques codant des facteurs de transcription liés à l'établissement de la symbiose mycorhizienne à arbuscules : identification et caractérisation du gène GintSTE de Glomus intraradices." Dijon, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009DIJOS006.
Full textThe transcription factor GintSTE, the first STE12 homologue to be identified in a mycorrhizal fungus (Glomus intraradices), is similar to other STE12 proteins from filamentous fungi and seems to be conserved among the Glomeromycota. GintSTE is induced during spore germination and its expression increases in extraradical fungal structures upon penetration of the rhizodermis. Moreover, GintSTE can restore invasive growth of an ste12Δ yeast mutant as well as penetration of host tissues by a clste12Δ mutant of the hemibiotrophic plant pathogen Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, suggesting that symbiotic and pathogenic fungi may share common determinants for invasion of plant tissues. GintSTE could thus be involved in the control of the early symbiotic morphogenesis and in particular in the process of penetration of plant tissues by AM fungi. Sequences targeted by GintSTE have been identified from reverse one-hybrid yeast experiments. They contain regulating elements closely related to those recognized by STE12 in yeast (PRE, Pheromone Responsive Element) which are able to interact with a recombinant GintSTE protein in vitro. The organization of PRE sites indicate that GintSTE may simultaneously regulate the expression of distinct genes by interacting with distal regulating modules of enhancer type. Homologues of the yeast STE12-regulated genes involved in plasma membrane and cell wall synthesis, morphogenesis control or stress responses could be regulated by GintSTE in G. Intraradices
Daher, Zeina. "Implication des plastes de racines dans la symbiose mycorhizienne à arbuscules : caractérisation cellulaire et moléculaire." Dijon, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009DIJOS021.
Full textDespite the recognized importance of non-photosynthetic plastids in a wide array of plant processes, root plastids involvement in arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis (AMS) remains to be explored. Using electronic microscopy, we have clearly identified in cortical cells of M. Truncatula roots four main types of plastids with a predominance of amyloplasts. Whereas AM-colonized cortical cells had a proliferation of plastids without internal membrane and plastids with internal tubular membrane at the expense of amyloplasts. The metabolism of these plastids is involved in the synthesis of mycorradicin that we measure accumulation by HPLC in mycorrhizal roots. The latter accumulation is concomitant with the increase of arbuscules. The study of the root plastid proteome then proved fundamental allowing us using GeLC-MS/MS, to establish the first repertory of a root plastidome. These new candidates might play a role in the sentinel function that plastids may use in plants versus biotic and abiotic stress. The qualitative comparison of non-/mycorrhizal root plastidomes highlighted 29 plastid proteins identified as induced or up-regulated in response to the AMS. These proteins are involved for their great majority in fatty acid and amino acid metabolism. The stimulation of lipid metabolism in mycorrhizal roots confirms the results of our ultrastructural observations for existence of a shift of the metabolism of carbohydrates to a more pronounced lipid metabolism. Plastids are key organelles for maintaining functional AMS
Rineau, François Garbaye Jean. "Etude des conséquences du chaulage sur la structure et le fonctionnement des communautés d'ectomycorrhizes des forêts des Vosges." S. l. : Nancy 1, 2008. http://www.scd.uhp-nancy.fr/docnum/SCD_T_2008_0142_RINEAU.pdf.
Full textBes, Clémence Mench Michel. "Phytoremédiation des sols d'un site de traitement du bois contaminés par le cuivre." S. l. : Bordeaux 1, 2008. http://ori-oai.u-bordeaux1.fr/pdf/2008/BES_CLEMENCE_2008.pdf.
Full textKoller, Robert Scheu Stefan Robin Christophe. "Amoebae in the rhizosphere and their interactions with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi effects on assimilate partitioning and nitrogen availability for plants /." S. l. : S. l. : S. n. ; S. n, 2008. http://www.scd.inpl-nancy.fr/theses/2008_KOLLER_R.pdf.
Full textThèse soutenue en co-tutelle. Titre provenant de l'écran-titre.
Lapeyrie, Frédéric. "Les mycorhizes de l'eucalyptus en conditions d'excès de carbonate de calcium : approche écologique et physiologique des associés ectomycorhiziens." Lyon 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LYO10056.
Full textLapeyrie, Frédéric. "Les Mycorhizes de l'eucalyptus en conditions d'excès de carbonate de calcium approche écologique et physiologie des associés ectomycorhiziens /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37607011q.
Full textEl, Badaoui Khalid. "Contribution à l'étude des protéases de quelques champignons ectomycorhiziens." Nancy 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NAN10123.
Full textFruleux, Alexandre. "Développement racinaire du hêtre (Fagus sylvatica) en interaction avec d’autres espèces forestières et en fonction de la disponibilité en eau : conséquences sur la croissance et le fonctionnement hydrique et carboné." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0047/document.
Full textThe link between species diversity and ecosystem productivity is a central issue in ecology. Numerous studies have shown a positive relationship between forest diversity and productivity, as well as a greater resistance to various stresses such as droughts. On the other hand, few studies demonstrated the mechanisms behind the benefits observed in multi-species forests compared to monospecific ones. In particular, the role of belowground interactions among species in explaining the origin of positive effects of species diversity on ecosystem functioning is unknown. The aim of my PhD work was to study the influence of tree species interactions on the root development of beech (Fagus sylvatica) under different levels of water conditions. We showed that at the seedling stage, underground competition between beech, oak and pine was strong and that mixing these species could influence the growth of the beech. Water availability had a strong impact on the growth of beech seedlings, but the presence of seedlings of other species competing with beech did not particularly improve its response to drought. At the adult stage, in a forest plantation, we showed that maple trees competing with beech did not strongly modify the mean depth of soil water extraction of beech trees or the vertical distribution of beech roots. We conclude that (i) there was no separation of the underground ecological niches of these two species, both spatially and functionally (with respect to water acquisition), and (ii) that the mechanisms of belowground interaction between these two species do not seem to explain the origin of the higher productivity in the mixture than in the monoculture zone. Finally, the richest fungal communities were found in the mixed species zone: we hypothesize that greater fungal community richness in the mixture may improve water and nutrient acquisition and then contribute to higher productivity in the mixed species zone. My work suggests that underground interactions between beech and other forest species are probably not the main mechanism explaining beneficial effects of mixtures on productivity
Sanon, Arsène Alain. "Le concept de niche écologique associé à la co-existence des espèces végétales : mise en évidence du rôle de la symbiose mycorhizienne et de sa microflore associée dans la structuration de la strate herbacée en milieu tropical." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NAN10004/document.
Full textSahelian ecosystems have been studied to define the role of mycorrhizal symbiosis and mycorrhizospheric flora in plant communities’ structuration. The study concerns three main levels of soil – microorganisms – plant systems evolution: (i) the implication of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) like Agent-mediated coexistence processes in an herbaceous weakly disturbed ecosystem; (ii) the study of the impact of AMF like Agent-mediated allelopathic effect of exotic fast growing trees [Gmelina arborea Roxb, Eucalyptus camaldulensis] on endogenous organisms (herbaceous and soil microbial communities) and lastly, (iii) the study of soil invasion by an exotic herbaceous plant [Amaranthus viridis] on soil microbial community (AMF, total bacteria, rhizobia) structure and function, on C, N, P availability in soil and, on the regeneration of five sahelian Acacia species. The results indicate that (i) the presence and abundance of AMF in soils, associated with P availability, could strongly mediate plant species coexistence processes and thus, determine plant species partitioning in terrestrial ecosystems; (ii) AMF’s are biological agents which optimize plant growth, restore degraded lands and promote plant biodiversity and finally, (iii) Amaranthus viridis, a very weakly mycotrophic plant species, alters soil chemistry and promotes a reduction in soil mycorrhizal and rhizobial communities after its invasion, thus compromising the survival of Acacia seedlings. Furthermore an increase in soil mycorrhizal propagules could make it possible to mitigate significantly the depressive effect of the invasive plant on the re-establishment of these Acacia species
Corbeil, Marie-Michelle. "Étude de la symbiose actinorhizienne et mycorhizienne chez l'aulne exposé aux résidus de mine aurifère." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6012.
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