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Journal articles on the topic 'Mycorrhiza associations'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 8 February 2022

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1

Berliner, Ruhama, and John G. Torrey. "Studies on mycorrhizal associations in Harvard Forest, Massachusetts." Canadian Journal of Botany 67, no. 8 (1989): 2245–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b89-287.

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An estimate was made of the abundance of different types of mycorrhizal associations in two plant communities of conifers and hardwoods in the Harvard Forest. Lists of plant species, the coverage of their foliage in the canopy and understorey layers, and the types of mycorrhizal associations for 45 species common in these communities are presented. Of the species examined, 91 % were mycorrhizal, representing most of the known major types, viz. ectomycorrhiza, vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhiza (VAM), ericoid, and monotropoid mycorrhiza. Of the 45 species studied, 22% of the species showed ectomyc

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2

Gianinazzi-Pearson, Vivienne, Armelle Gollotte, Benoit Tisserant, et al. "Cellular and molecular approaches in the characterization of symbiotic events in functional arbuscular mycorrhizal associations." Canadian Journal of Botany 73, S1 (1995): 526–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b95-292.

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Arbuscular mycorrhizas represent the most widespread, and probably most ancient, type of plant–fungus association in which the large majority of terrestrial plants must have evolved with compatibility systems towards the fungal symbionts. Cellular interactions leading to reciprocal morphofunctional integration between symbionts during mycorrhiza establishment are complex. Some plant genes and cellular events may be shared with nodulation processes, but there is evidence of molecular modifications specific to arbuscular mycorrhiza formation. Plant defence responses, which are normally weakly ac

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3

Dexheimer, Jean, Joëlle Gerard, Jean-Pierre Leduc, and Gérard Chevalier. "Étude ultrastructurale comparée des associations symbiotiques mycorhiziennes Helianthemum salicifolium – Terfezia claveryi et Helianthemum salicifolium – Terfezia leptoderma." Canadian Journal of Botany 63, no. 3 (1985): 582–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b85-073.

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The authors have studied the ultrastructural organization of two synthetic mycorrhizas between Helianthemum salicifolium (L.) Mill. (Cistaceae) and Terfezia claveryi Chat. or Terfezia leptoderma Tul. (Ascomycetes, Terfeziaceae). With Terfezia claveryi an endomycorrhiza is formed with many of the hyphae hugging the inside surface of the cell wall. The cytoplasmic volume of the mycorrhizal cells is not significantly increased. With Terfezia leptoderma an ectomycorrhiza without a sheath is formed, but there is a typical Hartig net. These two types of mycorrhiza constitute examples of biotrophism.

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4

Schroeder-Moreno, Michelle S., and David P. Janos. "Intra- and inter-specific density affects plant growth responses to arbuscular mycorrhizas." Botany 86, no. 10 (2008): 1180–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b08-080.

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Arbuscular mycorrhizas can alter competitive interactions between plants that markedly differ in their dependence upon mycorrhizas, but little is known about how mycorrhizas affect intra- and inter-specific competition between similarly dependent plant species. We conducted competition experiments in pots between all pairs of the similarly facultatively mycotrophic crop species, chili ( Capsicum annuum L.), maize ( Zea mays L.), and zucchini ( Cucurbita pepo L.). We used a two-species yield-density model to analyze the separate effects of mycorrhizal inoculation, intra-, and inter-specific den

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5

Bonsall, Michael B., Cynthia A. Froyd, and Elizabeth S. Jeffers. "Resilience: nitrogen limitation, mycorrhiza and long-term palaeoecological plant–nutrient dynamics." Biology Letters 16, no. 1 (2020): 20190441. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2019.0441.

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Ecosystem dynamics are driven by both biotic and abiotic processes, and perturbations can push ecosystems into novel dynamical regimes. Plant–plant, plant–soil and mycorrhizal associations all affect plant ecosystem dynamics; however, the direction and magnitude of these effects vary by context and their contribution to ecosystem resilience over long time periods remains unknown. Here, using a mathematical framework, we investigate the effects of plant feedbacks and mycorrhiza on plant–nutrient interactions. We show evidence for strong nutrient controlled feedbacks, moderation by mycorrhiza an

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6

Agustini, Verena, Suharno Suharno, and Supeni Sufaati. "Perkembangan Penelitian Mikoriza di Papua**." JURNAL BIOLOGI PAPUA 2, no. 1 (2018): 33–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.31957/jbp.559.

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The mycorrhizas are ‘balanced’ mutualistic associations in which the fungus and plant exchange commodities required for their growth and survival. The are many type of mycorrhizal namely endomycorrhiza, ectomycorrhiza, Orchid-mycorrhiza, ericoid mycorrhiza, and ectendo mycorrhiza. Most research is in endo and ectomycorrhiza, due to their role in Papua. Research in mycorrhiza has also been done recently. The research started in 2005 with ectomycorrhiza studies conducted by Suharno & Sufaati. Study on endomycorrhiza were begin in 2006 and orchid mycorrhiza in 2007. Exploration study of endom

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7

Kottke, Ingrid, Juan Pablo Suárez, Paulo Herrera, et al. "Atractiellomycetes belonging to the ‘rust’ lineage (Pucciniomycotina) form mycorrhizae with terrestrial and epiphytic neotropical orchids." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 277, no. 1685 (2009): 1289–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2009.1884.

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Distinctive groups of fungi are involved in the diverse mycorrhizal associations of land plants. All previously known mycorrhiza-forming Basidiomycota associated with trees, ericads, liverworts or orchids are hosted in Agaricomycetes, Agaricomycotina. Here we demonstrate for the first time that Atractiellomycetes, members of the ‘rust’ lineage (Pucciniomycotina), are mycobionts of orchids. The mycobionts of 103 terrestrial and epiphytic orchid individuals, sampled in the tropical mountain rainforest of Southern Ecuador, were identified by sequencing the whole ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region and part of

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8

Lambais, Marcio R., and Mona C. Mehdy. "Differential expression of defense-related genes in arbuscular mycorrhiza." Canadian Journal of Botany 73, S1 (1995): 533–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b95-293.

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Differential expression of plant defense related genes may contribute to the control of arbuscular mycorrhiza growth and development. The expression of chitinases, β-1, 3-glucanases, and genes involved in the biosynthesis of isoflavonoid phytoalexins has been studied in these symbiotic associations. Relative to noninfected roots, mycorrhizal roots showed a transient induction of endochitinase activities followed by suppression, under low and high P conditions. The suppression was attenuated under high P. Differential reductions in the steady-state level of mRNAs encoding a basic and an acidic

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9

Maldonado-Mendoza, Ignacio E., Gary R. Dewbre, and Maria J. Harrison. "A Phosphate Transporter Gene from the Extra-Radical Mycelium of an Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus Glomus intraradices Is Regulated in Response to Phosphate in the Environment." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 14, no. 10 (2001): 1140–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi.2001.14.10.1140.

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The majority of vascular flowering plants are able to form symbiotic associations with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. These symbioses, termed arbuscular mycorrhizas, are mutually beneficial, and the fungus delivers phosphate to the plant while receiving carbon. In these symbioses, phosphate uptake by the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus is the first step in the process of phosphate transport to the plant. Previously, we cloned a phosphate transporter gene involved in this process. Here, we analyze the expression and regulation of a phosphate transporter gene (GiPT) in the extra-radical mycelium of

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10

KASURINEN, A., T. HOLOPAINEN, and S. ANTTONEN. "Mycorrhizal colonisation of highbush blueberry and its native relatives in central Finland." Agricultural and Food Science 10, no. 2 (2001): 113–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.23986/afsci.5683.

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Transmission electromicroscopy, trypan blue staining in combination with stereomicroscope analysis and biochemical ergosterol assay were used to study the mycorrhizal symbionts in wild bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus), bog whortleberry (Vaccinium uliginosum) and highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum) roots. TEM-analysis showed that in all species ericoid mycorrhizas formed hyphae coil inside the epidermal root cells. In stereomicroscopic viewing the highest mycorrhizal colonisation was observed in the roots of wild bilberries (51%), whereas according to the ergosterol assay the highest total

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11

Menoyo, Eugenia, Alejandra G. Becerra, and Daniel Renison. "Mycorrhizal associations in Polylepis woodlands of Central Argentina." Canadian Journal of Botany 85, no. 5 (2007): 526–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b07-042.

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Polylepis woodlands are one of the most threatened mountain ecosystems of South America, and their restoration is a high priority. To assess the mycorrhizal status in Polylepis woodlands of “Quebrada del Condorito” National Park (Córdoba Mountains, Central Argentina), we examined the roots of 22 plant species, belonging to 14 families and determined morphological types of arbuscular mycorrhiza (Arum and Paris type) and colonization level. The 22 species were colonized by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and dark septate endophytes. Different arbuscular mycorrhizal structures and colonization patte

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Read, D. J., J. G. Duckett, R. Francis, R. Ligrone, and A. Russell. "Symbiotic fungal associations in ‘lower’ land plants." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 355, no. 1398 (2000): 815–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2000.0617.

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An analysis of the current state of knowledge of symbiotic fungal associations in ‘lower’ plants is provided. Three fungal phyla, the Zygomycota, Ascomycota and Basidiomycota, are involved in forming these associations, each producing a distinctive suite of structural features in well–defined groups of ‘lower’ plants. Among the ‘lower’ plants only mosses and Equisetum appear to lack one or other of these types of association. The salient features of the symbioses produced by each fungal group are described and the relationships between these associations and those formed by the same or related

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13

Pérez, Francisco, Citlalli Castillo-Guevara, Gema Galindo-Flores, Mariana Cuautle, and Arturo Estrada-Torres. "Effect of gut passage by two highland rodents on spore activity and mycorrhiza formation of two species of ectomycorrhizal fungi (Laccaria trichodermophora and Suillus tomentosus)." Botany 90, no. 11 (2012): 1084–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b2012-086.

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Research on mycophagy has focused mainly on fungi with hypogeous fruiting bodies, while studies on epigeous fruiting bodies are rare. We evaluated spore activity and capacity to establish mycorrhizal associations for the ectomycorrhizal fungi Laccaria trichodermophora Mueller and Suillus tomentosus (Kauffman) Singer, Snell and Dick (both of which produce epigeous fruiting bodies) after being consumed by the mice Peromyscus alstoni Merrian and Peromyscus maniculatus Wagner. Passage through the digestive tract of both rodent species reduced spore activity of S. tomentosus but increased spore act

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14

Parihar, Pratibha, and Madhumati Bora. "Effect of mycorrhiza (Glomus mosseae) on morphological and biochemical properties of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) (L.) Dunal." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 10, no. 4 (2018): 1115–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v10i4.1797.

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Mycorrhizal inoculation in the plant causing increase in growth and production of phytochemicals is well reported, however little information is available related to the effect of mycorrhiza on morphological and biochemical properties of the medicinal plants like Ashwagandha. The present study is an attempt on diversity analysis in Withania somnifera with an aim to ascertain the nature and extent of genetic diversity present among different accessions in presence of mycorrhiza. The major biochemical constituents of Ashwaganda roots are with nolides which are well known for its medicinal proper

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15

van der Heijden, EW, and M. Vosatka. "Mycorrhizal associations of Salix repens L. communities in succession of dune ecosystems. II. Mycorrhizal dynamics and interactions of ectomycorrhizal and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi." Canadian Journal of Botany 77, no. 12 (2000): 1833–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b99-178.

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Ectomycorrhizal (EcM) and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) associations of Salix repens were studied at 16 sites in different successional stages of dune ecosystems (calcareous-acidic, dry-wet) in the Netherlands. High EcM colonization, low AM colonization, and lack of differences between habitats indicate that ectomycorrhizas do not increase their importance in later successional stages. EcM and AM colonization and plant-nutrient status indicate that the relative importance of P and N does not change during succession, but during seasons. Salix repens showed low levels of AM colonization but, neve

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16

O'Connor, Patrick J., Sally E. Smith, and F. Andrew Smith. "Arbuscular mycorrhizal associations in the southern Simpson Desert." Australian Journal of Botany 49, no. 4 (2001): 493. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt00014.

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The plants of the Simpson Desert are adapted to one of the driest regions on the Australian continent and grow in generally nutrient-poor soils. Surveys were conducted at three sites in the southern Simpson Desert to determine the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) status of 52 species from 28 families of annual and perennial plants. Roots from all plants were examined for the presence of internal and external hyphae, vesicles, arbuscules and coils to determine presence and extent of mycorrhizal colonisation. Of the plant species surveyed, 38 (73%) had formed mycorrhizal associations. The AM status o

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17

Sinanaj, Besiana, Martin I. Bidartondo, Silvia Pressel, and Katie J. Field. "Molecular Evidence of Mucoromycotina “Fine Root Endophyte” Fungi in Agricultural Crops." Biology and Life Sciences Forum 4, no. 1 (2020): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/iecps2020-08728.

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Over 85% of land plants engage in symbiotic relationships with mycorrhiza-forming soil fungi that colonise their roots. These mycorrhizal symbioses, which involve the exchange of fungal-acquired nutrients and water for photosynthetically fixed plant carbon, are considered a promising nature-based solution to making agricultural practices more sustainable. In order to implement the widespread use of mycorrhizal fungi in agriculture, a more complete awareness of mycorrhizal fungal diversity and range of plant hosts is needed. Mucoromycotina Fine Root Endophytes (MFRE) are a group of mycorrhiza-f

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18

Francis, R., and D. J. Read. "Mutualism and antagonism in the mycorrhizal symbiosis, with special reference to impacts on plant community structure." Canadian Journal of Botany 73, S1 (1995): 1301–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b95-391.

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Examination of the roots of land plants has revealed the occurrence of mycorrhiza in the majority of species, over 70% of which are hosts to zygomycetous fungi that form vesicular–arbuscular (VA) associations. On the basis of experiments with a small number of host species showing enhancement of growth following colonization, it is widely assumed that wherever mycorrhizas are observed, the symbiosis is of the mutualistic type. The value of definitions based on structural rather than functional attributes is here brought into question by experiments simulating the ecologically realistic circums

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19

Liu, Jinyuan, Laura A. Blaylock, and Maria J. Harrison. "cDNA arrays as a tool to identify mycorrhiza-regulated genes: identification of mycorrhiza-induced genes that encode or generate signaling molecules implicated in the control of root growth." Canadian Journal of Botany 82, no. 8 (2004): 1177–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b04-048.

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Arbuscular mycorrhizas (AM) are symbiotic associations formed by fungi from the Glomeromycota and most angiosperms. Despite the widespread occurrence of the association, its ecological significance, and its potential importance in agriculture, relatively little is known at the molecular level about the development, functioning, and regulation of the symbiosis. We have selected Medicago truncatula Gaertn. 'Jemalong' and an AM fungus, Glomus versiforme (Karsten) Berch, for molecular genetic analyses of the AM symbiosis. Here we used macroarrays as a screening tool to enable the rapid identificat

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20

Schoenherr, Andrew P., Eric Rizzo, Natasha Jackson, Patricia Manosalva, and S. Karen Gomez. "Mycorrhiza-Induced Resistance in Potato Involves Priming of Defense Responses Against Cabbage Looper (Noctuidae: Lepidoptera)." Environmental Entomology 48, no. 2 (2019): 370–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ee/nvy195.

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Abstract Most plants form mutualistic associations with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi that are ubiquitous in soils. Through this symbiosis, plants can withstand abiotic and biotic stresses. The underlying molecular mechanisms involved in mediating mycorrhiza-induced resistance against insects needs further research, and this is particularly true for potato (Solanum tuberosum L. (Solanales: Solanaceae)), which is the fourth most important crop worldwide. In this study, the tripartite interaction between potato, the AM fungus Rhizophagus irregularis (Glomerales: Glomeraceae), and cabbage loo

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21

Valdes, María. "Aspectos ecofisiológicos de las micorrizas." Botanical Sciences, no. 49 (April 10, 2017): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.17129/botsci.1363.

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Mycorrhiza is the part of the roots infected with particular soil fungi. This type of association is formed by most of the plants. There are several types of mycorrhizae; this short review is concerned only with Ectomycorrhiza (EM) and the Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhiza (VAM). These two types are the most common in nature. EM has a compact fungus mantle over the root surface and intercellular hypha in the cortex; the V AM has a loose network of hyphae in the soil surrounding the root and hyphal growth within the cortical cells. Mycorrhizas increase nutrient uptake and hence plant growth. Sinc

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22

Ezawa, Tatsuhiro, Masahito Hayatsu, and Masanori Saito. "A New Hypothesis on the Strategy for Acquisition of Phosphorus in Arbuscular Mycorrhiza: Up-Regulation of Secreted Acid Phosphatase Gene in the Host Plant." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 18, no. 10 (2005): 1046–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-18-1046.

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The mycorrhiza-responsive phosphatase of Tagetes patula in symbiosis with Glomus etunicatum was detected by electrophoresis, was purified by column chromatography, and was characterized as acid phosphatase that was secreted into rhizosphere. The N-terminal amino acid sequence was determined by a gas-phase sequencer, and a cDNA fragment of the phosphatase gene (TpPAP1) was amplified by degenerate primers designed based on the N-terminal amino acid sequence. The full-length cDNA was obtained by the rapid amplification of cDNA ends technique. The TpPAP1 was of host origin, and the cDNA was 1,843

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23

SHI, Zhaoyong, Yongming WANG, Shouxia XU, et al. "Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Enhance Plant Diversity, Density and Productivity of Spring Ephemeral Community in Desert Ecosystem." Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 45, no. 1 (2017): 301–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nbha45110766.

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Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi form intimate associations with the roots of about 85% of all terrestrial plants, and can greatly increase a plant’s uptake of soil nutrients and have been shown to influence plant diversity in several ecosystems. A lot of studies have reported the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizas on plant density, species diversity, richness and productivity in desert herbland in Gurbantonggut desert, China. Here, we conduct a mycorrhizal functional study by suppressing AM fungi by applying the fungicide benomyl as a soil drench in soil cores and field in-situ experiment. The

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Endo, Izuki, Miwa Kobatake, Natsuko Tanikawa, Tatsuro Nakaji, Mizue Ohashi, and Naoki Makita. "Anatomical patterns of condensed tannin in fine roots of tree species from a cool-temperate forest." Annals of Botany 128, no. 1 (2021): 59–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcab022.

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Abstract Background and Aims Condensed tannin (CT) is an important compound in plant biological structural defence and for tolerance of herbivory and environmental stress. However, little is known of the role and location of CT within the fine roots of woody plants. To understand the role of CT in fine roots across diverse species of woody dicot, we evaluated the localization of CT that accumulated in root tissue, and examined its relationships with the stele and cortex tissue in cross-sections of roots in 20 tree species forming different microbial symbiotic groups (ectomycorrhiza and arbuscu

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Kariman, Khalil, Susan Jane Barker, and Mark Tibbett. "Structural plasticity in root-fungal symbioses: diverse interactions lead to improved plant fitness." PeerJ 6 (December 4, 2018): e6030. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.6030.

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Root-fungal symbioses such as mycorrhizas and endophytes are key components of terrestrial ecosystems. Diverse in trophy habits (obligate, facultative or hemi-biotrophs) and symbiotic relations (from mutualism to parasitism), these associations also show great variability in their root colonization and nutritional strategies. Specialized interface structures such as arbuscules and Hartig nets are formed by certain associations while others are restricted to non-specialized intercellular or intracellular hyphae in roots. In either case, there are documented examples of active nutrient exchange,

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Zubek, Szymon, Janusz Błaszkowski, and Piotr Mleczko. "Arbuscular mycorrhizal and dark septate endophyte associations of medicinal plants." Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae 80, no. 4 (2011): 285–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/asbp.2011.033.

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Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and dark septate endophyte (DSE) associations were studied in 36 medicinal plant species from 33 genera and 17 families, collected from the Botanical Garden of the Jagiellonian University in Kraków. Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) was found in 34 species (94%); 26 were of the <em>Arum</em>-type, 4 – <em>Paris </em>and 4 taxa revealed intermediate morphology. The abundance of AMF hyphae in roots varied with particular species, ranging from 2.5% (<em>Helianthus tuberosus</em>) to 77.9% (<em>Convallaria majalis</em>).

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McGee, Peter, Greg Pattinson, and Anne-Laure Markovina. "Mycorrhizas and revegetation." Microbiology Australia 24, no. 3 (2003): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ma03332.

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Much of Australia has extremely impoverished soil. Phosphate is particularly deficient. The major difficulty in revegetating these soils after severe disturbance is that plant survival and growth is unpredictable. Mycorrhizas are associations between soilborne fungi and the roots of plants. Of particular interest are the arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) whose fungi form an internal colony in the roots of some 70% of all plant species. In AM, the fungi function as extensions of the root system, enabling the plant to increase uptake of non-labile minerals, especially phosphorus (P), from soil. The fun

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Ganugi, Paola, Alberto Masoni, Giacomo Pietramellara, and Stefano Benedettelli. "A Review of Studies from the Last Twenty Years on Plant–Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Associations and Their Uses for Wheat Crops." Agronomy 9, no. 12 (2019): 840. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9120840.

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The aim of this work was to summarize the most recent research focused on the study of plant–arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) symbiosis, both in a generic context and in the specific context of wheat cultivation. Taking into account the last 20 years, the most significant studies on the main plant advantages taken from this association are reviewed herein. Positive advances that have been reported stem from the mutualistic relationship between the plant and the mycorrhizal fungus, revealing better performance for the host in terms of nutrient uptake and protection from salinity, lack of wate

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29

Dhillion, Shivcharn S., and Tone L. Gardsjord. "Arbuscular mycorrhizas influence plant diversity, productivity, and nutrients in boreal grasslands." Canadian Journal of Botany 82, no. 1 (2004): 104–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b03-139.

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The effect of reduced arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) colonization on nitrogen and phosphorus concentration in grass tissue, species diversity, cover, and productivity was investigated after 4 years of benomyl application in two boreal grasslands, Storvordlia (a high plant diversity field) and Kalvsvangen (a low plant diversity field), in Eastern Norway. In addition, AM colonization, spore numbers, and mycorrhizal inoculum potential was studied during one season. A split-plot design was used, with grazing as the main treatment and the application of benomyl as a subtreatment. AM colonization was si

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30

Kottke, Ingrid, and Martin Nebel. "The evolution of mycorrhiza-like associations in liverworts: an update." New Phytologist 167, no. 2 (2005): 330–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2005.01471.x.

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Valadares, Rafael B. S., Silvia Perotto, Adriano R. Lucheta, Eder C. Santos, Renato M. Oliveira, and Marcio R. Lambais. "Proteomic and Transcriptomic Analyses Indicate Metabolic Changes and Reduced Defense Responses in Mycorrhizal Roots of Oeceoclades maculata (Orchidaceae) Collected in Nature." Journal of Fungi 6, no. 3 (2020): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof6030148.

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Orchids form endomycorrhizal associations with fungi mainly belonging to basidiomycetes. The molecular events taking place in orchid mycorrhiza are poorly understood, although the cellular changes necessary to accommodate the fungus and to control nutrient exchanges imply a modulation of gene expression. Here, we used proteomics and transcriptomics to identify changes in the steady-state levels of proteins and transcripts in the roots of the green terrestrial orchid Oeceoclades maculata. When mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal roots from the same individuals were compared, 94 proteins showed diff

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Addy, H. D., M. M. Piercey, and R. S. Currah. "Microfungal endophytes in roots." Canadian Journal of Botany 83, no. 1 (2005): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b04-171.

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A wide range of ascomycetous microfungi inhabits roots without forming the anatomical features typical of mycorrhizas or causing overt signs of pathogenesis. The most-studied taxa have darkly pigmented hyphal walls and are referred to as "dark septate endophytes" (DSE). We provide a dichotomous key and annotated descriptions for a cross-section of the most common dark septate endophytes. The term DSE is sometimes used to imply taxonomic and physiological similarity even though a diverse range of root endophytic taxa form pigmented hyphae. Among these, Phialocephala fortinii Wang & Wilcox i

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Lambais, Marcio Rodrigues. "Unraveling the signaling and signal transduction mechanisms controlling arbuscular mycorrhiza development." Scientia Agricola 63, no. 4 (2006): 405–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-90162006000400013.

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Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) are the most widespread symbiotic associations between plant roots and soil fungi. AM can contribute to increasing the survival and fitness of plants to limiting environments mostly due to their ability in improving nutrient uptake from the soil solution. Despite their ecological significance, the mechanisms controlling AM development and functioning are largely unknown. The obligate mutualistic nature of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) has hampered the advances on the understanding and application of the symbiosis. Significant alterations in the genetic progr

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Abdurashytov, S. F., V. I. Nemtinov, E. V. Puzanova, et al. "EVALUATION OF THE INFLUENCE OF ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI ON ECONOMICALLY VALUABLE INDICATORS OF ONION." Ekosistemy -, no. 21 (2020): 101–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.37279/2414-4738-2020-21-101-108.

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Allium cepa L. is one of the main vegetable crops. It is actively used in food industry and medicine. The biochemical composition of plants, both bulbs and green leaves, in different periods of growth changes depending on the variety, environmental and agrotechnical conditions of plant cultivation. Representatives of the genus Allium are highly sensitive to the presence of arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) in soil due to root development features. The aim of our work was to identify effective associations of AM fungi to increase the productivity and quality of onions in the conditions of southern che

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van Buuren, Marianne L., Ignacio E. Maldonado-Mendoza, Anthony T. Trieu, Laura A. Blaylock, and Maria J. Harrison. "Novel Genes Induced During an Arbuscular Mycorrhizal (AM) Symbiosis Formed Between Medicago truncatula and Glomus versiforme." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 12, no. 3 (1999): 171–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi.1999.12.3.171.

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Many terrestrial plant species are able to form symbiotic associations with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Here we have identified three cDNA clones representing genes whose expression is induced during the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis formed between Medicago truncatula and an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, Glomus versiforme. The three clones represent M. truncatula genes and encode novel proteins: a xyloglucan endotransglycosylaserelated protein, a putative arabinogalactan protein (AGP), and a putative homologue of the mammalian p110 subunit of initiation factor 3 (eIF3). These genes show

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Ramakrishnan, K., and G. Bhuvaneswari. "Influence on Different Types of Mycorrhizal Fungi on Crop Productivity in Ecosystem." International Letters of Natural Sciences 38 (May 2015): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilns.38.9.

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Mycorrhizal fungi greatly enhanced the ability of plants to take up phosphorus and other nutrients those are relatively immobile and exist in low concentration in the soil solution. Fungi can be important in the uptake of other nutrients by the host plant. Mycorrhizae establish symbiotic relationships with plants and play an essential role in plant growth, disease protection, and overall soil quality. Of the seven types of mycorrhizae described in current scientific literature (arbuscular, ecto, ectendo, arbutoid, monotropoid, ericoid and orchidaceous mycorrhizae), the arbuscular and ectomycor

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Akatsuki, Maiko, and Naoki Makita. "Influence of fine root traits on in situ exudation rates in four conifers from different mycorrhizal associations." Tree Physiology 40, no. 8 (2020): 1071–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tpaa051.

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Abstract Plant roots can exude organic compounds into the soil that are useful for plant survival because they can degrade microorganisms around the roots and enhance allelopathy against other plant invasions. We developed a method to collect carbon (C) exudation on a small scale from tree fine roots by C-free filter traps. We quantified total C through root exudation in four conifers from different microbial symbiotic groups (ectomycorrhiza (ECM) and arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM)) in a cool-temperate forest in Japan. We determined the relationship of mass-based exudation rate from three diameter

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Martin, F., P. Laurent, D. de Carvalho, et al. "Fungal gene expression during ectomycorrhiza formation." Canadian Journal of Botany 73, S1 (1995): 541–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b95-294.

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Ectomycorrhiza development involves the differentiation of structurally specialized fungal tissues (e.g., mantle and Hartig net) and an interface between symbionts. Polypeptides presenting a preferential, up-, or down-regulated synthesis have been characterized in several developing ectomycorrhizal associations. Their spatial and temporal expressions have been characterized by cell fractionation, two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and immunochemical assays in the Eucalyptus spp. – Pisolithus tinctorius mycorrhizas. These studies have emphasized the importance of fungal cell wa

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Whitbread, Fraser, R. Larry Peterson, and Terry P. McGonigle. "Vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal associations of American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius) in commercial production." Canadian Journal of Botany 74, no. 7 (1996): 1104–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b96-135.

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Panax quinquefolius L. (American ginseng) roots collected from 1st year seedlings and 3-year-old plants on three commercial farms were colonized by vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi. Roots collected from ginseng plants in a managed maple–beech woodlot were also colonized by VAM fungi. Fungal hyphae entered roots either directly through root hairs or by forming appressoria on the surface of epidermal cells from which penetration hyphae formed. Hyphae colonized roots by passing intracellularly through cortical cells. Hyphal coils, from which arbuscular branches formed, were typical of

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Lara-Pérez, Luis Alberto, Ramón Zulueta-Rodríguez, and Antonio Andrade-Torres. "Micorriza arbuscular, Mucoromycotina y hongos septados oscuros en helechos y licófitas con distribución en México: una revisión global." Revista de Biología Tropical 65, no. 3 (2017): 1062. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v65i3.29443.

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Ferns and lycophytes are a group of vascular plants of interest to understand the evolution of mycorrhizal interactions; their preservation is of relevance for their multiple ecological relations. The record of different taxonomic groups of fungi associated with ferns and lycophytes is fragmentary, and the criteria for it identification is inconsistent, which hinders the understanding and determination of mycorrhizal status. The aim of this study was to determine the percentage of the species of ferns and lycophytes with distribution in Mexico, and with information of fungal interactions. A ch

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Snetselaar, Karen M., and Kenneth D. Whitney. "Fungal calcium oxalate in mycorrhizae of Monotropa uniflora." Canadian Journal of Botany 68, no. 3 (1990): 533–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b90-074.

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Monotropa uniflora is an achlorophyllous angiosperm that is obligately mycotrophic. The "monotropoid" mycorrhizae it forms resemble ectomycorrhizae but are distinguished by elaborations of the epidermal cell walls that surround intruding fungal hyphae. Monotropoid mycorrhizae collected from blooming plants in late summer contained calcium oxalate crystals between mantle hyphae. The crystals appeared to form in association with hyphal walls and grew into a matrix outside the hyphae. Production of calcium oxalate by M. uniflora's mycobiont seems to be a coordinated metabolic process rather than

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Al-Khaliel, A. S. "Effect of salinity stress on mycorrhizal association and growth response of peanut infected by Glomus mosseae." Plant, Soil and Environment 56, No. 7 (2010): 318–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/204/2009-pse.

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Arbuscular mycorrhiza is a mutualistic association between fungi and higher plants, and play a critical role in nutrient cycling and stress tolerance. However, much less is known about the mycorrhiza-mediated enhancement in growth and salinity tolerance of the peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) growing in the arid and semi-arid areas. Therefore, mycorrhizal status of Glomus mosseae in diverse salinity levels on original substrate soil conditions was investigated. Different growth parameters, accumulation of proline content and salt stress tolerance were studied. These investigations indicated that

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Ligrone, Roberto, Keith Pocock, and Jeffrey G. Duckett. "A comparative ultrastructural study of endophytic basidiomycetes in the parasitic achlorophyllous hepatic Cryptothallus mirabilis and the closely allied photosynthetic species Aneura pinguis (Metzgeriales)." Canadian Journal of Botany 71, no. 5 (1993): 666–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b93-077.

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This ultrastructural study of two closely related liverworts with contrasting modes of nutrition reveals very similar interactions with endophytic dikaryotic basidiomycetes. In both hepatics, collected from a variety of sites, the fungus is confined to specific regions of the gametophyte thallus, and hyphal contact with the substratum is via the rhizoids. The colonization cycle comprises a growth phase when the fungus forms large intracellular coils, host cytoplasm proliferates and the starch content of the plastids decreases, followed by senescence when the hyphae die back and aggregate into

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Leake, J. R., A. L. Duran, K. E. Hardy, et al. "Biological weathering in soil: the role of symbiotic root-associated fungi biosensing minerals and directing photosynthate-energy into grain-scale mineral weathering." Mineralogical Magazine 72, no. 1 (2008): 85–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.2008.072.1.85.

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AbstractBiological weathering is a function of biotic energy expenditure. Growth and metabolism of organisms generates acids and chelators, selectively absorbs nutrient ions, and applies turgor pressure and other physical forces which, in concert, chemically and physically alter minerals. In unsaturated soil environments, plant roots normally form symbiotic mycorrhizal associations with fungi. The plants provide photosynthate-carbohydrate-energy to the fungi in return for nutrients absorbed from the soil and released from minerals. In ectomycorrhiza, one of the two major types of mycorrhiza of

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Ellouze, Walid, Chantal Hamel, R. M. DePauw, R. E. Knox, Richard D. Cuthbert, and Asheesh K. Singh. "Potential to breed for mycorrhizal association in durum wheat." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 62, no. 3 (2016): 263–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjm-2014-0598.

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The selection of genotypes under high soil fertility may alter the effectiveness of mycorrhizal symbioses naturally forming between crop plants and the mycorrhizal fungi residing in cultivated fields. We tested the hypothesis that the mycorrhizal symbiosis of 5 landraces functions better than the mycorrhizal symbiosis of 27 cultivars of durum wheat that were bred after the development of the fertilizer industry. We examined the development of mycorrhiza and the response of these genotypes to mycorrhiza formation after 4 weeks of growth under high and low soil fertility levels in the greenhouse

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Jangandi, Sharanappa, Mr Narayan, H. C. Lakshman, and Chaitra B. Negalur*. "Influence of AM fungus Glomus geosporum (Nicol. & Gerd.) Walker on chlorophyll content and biochemical changes in four AMF disputed plants." Annals of Plant Sciences 6, no. 01 (2016): 1527. http://dx.doi.org/10.21746/aps.2017.01.007.

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The function of mycorrhizae depends on the ability of the fungal symbiont. In the present study, the Glomus geosporum was inoculated on four amaranthaceae plants; Amaranthus oleraceae Hook. A.paniculata, A.spinosa and A. viridi has showed increased chlorophyll content in AM fungus inoculated plants over noninoculated plants, consequently the total carbohydrates and protein content was higher in mycorrhiza inoculated plants over the control or noninoculated plants. The results revealed that the enhanced stomatal conductance, photosynthesis and transpiration may be coupled with mycorrhizal inocu

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Gomes, Bárbara, Fábio Castro, Rita Santos, et al. "Effect of Quercetin on Mycorrhizal Synthesis between Tuberborchii and Arbutusunedo L. In Vitro Plants." Microbiology Research 12, no. 1 (2021): 69–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microbiolres12010007.

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Arbutus unedo L. is a Mediterranean species used for fruit production; it is tolerant to drought and shows regeneration ability following forest fires. Mycorrhizal plants with Tuber borchii add resilience and value. This study aims to test the effect of quercetin on mycorrhizal synthesis between T. borchii and A. unedo. Two genotypes selected for fruit production and hydric stress tolerance, were micropropagated for mycorrhizal synthesis, accomplished during ex vitro rooting in perlite, using lyophilized spores of T. borchii suspended in culture media with different quercetin levels (0–10 µM).

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Thiem, Dominika, Adriana Szmidt-Jaworska, Christel Baum, Katja Muders, Katarzyna Niedojadło, and Katarzyna Hrynkiewicz. "Interactive physiological response of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) plants to fungal colonization and Potato virus Y (PVY) infection." Acta Mycologica 1, no. 1 (2014): 291–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/am.2014.015.

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Potato plants can be colonized by various viruses and by symbiotic, saprophytic and pathogenic fungi. However, the significance of interactions of viral infection and fungal colonization is hardly known. This work presents a model experiment in which the influence of three different types of fungal associations on the growth and physiology of the potato variety Pirol was tested individually or in combination with infection by PVY. It was hypothesized that simultaneous viral and fungal infections increase the biotic stress of the host plant, but mutualistic plant-fungal associations can mask th

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ANDRADE, S. A. L., P. MAZZAFERA, M. A. SCHIAVINATO, and A. P. D. SILVEIRA. "Arbuscular mycorrhizal association in coffee." Journal of Agricultural Science 147, no. 2 (2009): 105–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859608008344.

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SUMMARYDespite previous research on mycorrhizal association with plants, the data on associations with coffee (Coffea species) are very sparse despite the great economic importance of this crop for many tropical developing countries. The present paper reviews the main aspects of the association between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and coffee plants. This review includes topics on mycorrhizal effects on coffee nutritional status, pathogen–AMF interactions and responses to several environmental stresses. It also summarizes findings about the natural occurrence of AMF in different soils in

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Caser, Matteo, Íris Marisa Maxaieie Victorino, Sonia Demasi, et al. "Saffron Cultivation in Marginal Alpine Environments: How AMF Inoculation Modulates Yield and Bioactive Compounds." Agronomy 9, no. 1 (2018): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9010012.

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Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) establish mutualistic symbiotic associations with plant roots and act as biofertilizers by enhancing plant nutrient and water uptake. Moreover, AMF colonization may influence the biosynthesis of plant bioactive compounds in medicinal and aromatic plants. There is limited information on AMF associations with Crocus sativus L. (saffron) roots and their effect on crop performances and spice quality. In the present work we verified the efficiency of root mycorrhization in potted conditions, then we evaluated the yield and quality of the saffron produced in two Al

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