Relevant bibliographies by topics / Mycorrhizal fungi

Academic literature on the topic 'Mycorrhizal fungi'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 10 March 2023

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Mycorrhizal fungi.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Journal articles on the topic "Mycorrhizal fungi":

1

Valdes, María. "Aspectos ecofisiológicos de las micorrizas." Botanical Sciences, no. 49 (April 10, 2017): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.17129/botsci.1363.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
Abstract:
Mycorrhiza is the part of the roots infected with particular soil fungi. This type of association is formed by most of the plants. There are several types of mycorrhizae; this short review is concerned only with Ectomycorrhiza (EM) and the Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhiza (VAM). These two types are the most common in nature. EM has a compact fungus mantle over the root surface and intercellular hypha in the cortex; the V AM has a loose network of hyphae in the soil surrounding the root and hyphal growth within the cortical cells. Mycorrhizas increase nutrient uptake and hence plant growth. Since mycorrhizas are surrounded by an extensive hyphal network than may extcnd into the soil, this network represents a greater surface area, in other words, mycorrhizas shorten the distance that nutrients must diffuse through the soil to the root and their hyphae increase the volume of soil available to the plant for nutrient uptake. Physiological responses to root colonization with mycorrhizal fungi by most of the plants are dependent on the level of soil fertility and on the degree of mycorrhizal dependency of the plant. Soils having a high fertility have mostly a poor colonization, hence, for plant growth to respond to inoculation, soils must have a low fertility. Mycorrhizal dependency can be very different among plant species; plants with short root hairs are more dependent on mycorrhizal fungi. Most soils contain mycorrhizal fungi and their distribution varies with climatic, edaphic environment and land use. There are differences in effectiveness in colonization and in enhanced nutrient uptake among the fungi.
2

Bryndina, Larisa, Yuliya Arnaut, and Olesya Alykova. "MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI IN THE FORMATION OF BIOGEOCENOSES: ANALYTICAL REVIEW." Forestry Engineering Journal 12, no. 1 (April 15, 2022): 5–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2022.1/1.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
Abstract:
This review examines the results of scientific experiments of foreign and domestic researchers in the field of studying mycorrhizal associations, the mechanisms of their symbiosis with plants. The information about the current state of the issue is given: different points of view on the interaction of mycorrhizal plants with mycobionts. A comparative analysis of the development of mycorrhiza in individual plant species was carried out. It was found that the maximum degree of mycorrhiza development corresponds to the beech and linden families. The factors influencing the development of balanced and exploitive mycorrhizal associations are considered. The evolutionary and functional characteristics of the types of mycorrhizae are given. The benefits of mycorrhizal associations are considered, both for tree species and for species of fungi involved in the formation of mycorrhizae. The role of symbionts in mycorrhiza is considered, as well as the form and degree of development of mycorrhiza for mycotrophic plants. An analytical review of the studies of foreign and domestic scientists allowed us to determine the preferred mycorrhizal communities for reforestation. It was noted that unfavorable, extreme environmental conditions in most cases intensified the growth and development of mycorrhizal communities. All these factors should be taken into account when selecting tree species and types of fungi in forestry during reforestation
3

Ramakrishnan, K., and G. Bhuvaneswari. "Influence on Different Types of Mycorrhizal Fungi on Crop Productivity in Ecosystem." International Letters of Natural Sciences 38 (May 2015): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilns.38.9.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
Abstract:
Mycorrhizal fungi greatly enhanced the ability of plants to take up phosphorus and other nutrients those are relatively immobile and exist in low concentration in the soil solution. Fungi can be important in the uptake of other nutrients by the host plant. Mycorrhizae establish symbiotic relationships with plants and play an essential role in plant growth, disease protection, and overall soil quality. Of the seven types of mycorrhizae described in current scientific literature (arbuscular, ecto, ectendo, arbutoid, monotropoid, ericoid and orchidaceous mycorrhizae), the arbuscular and ectomycorrhizae are the most abundant and widespread. This chapter presents an overview of current knowledge of mycorrhizal interactions, processes, and potential benefits to society. The molecular basis of nutrient exchange between arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and host plants is presented; the role of AM fungi in disease protection, alleviation of heavy metal stress and increasing grain production. Most land plants form associations with mycorrhizal fungi. Mycorrhizas are mutualistic associations between fungi and plant roots. They are described as symbiotic because the fungus receives photo synthetically derived carbon compounds and the plant has increased access to mineral nutrients and sometimes water.
4

Ramakrishnan, K., and G. Bhuvaneswari. "Influence on Different Types of Mycorrhizal Fungi on Crop Productivity in Ecosystem." International Letters of Natural Sciences 38 (May 6, 2015): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.56431/p-9pjdc8.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
Abstract:
Mycorrhizal fungi greatly enhanced the ability of plants to take up phosphorus and other nutrients those are relatively immobile and exist in low concentration in the soil solution. Fungi can be important in the uptake of other nutrients by the host plant. Mycorrhizae establish symbiotic relationships with plants and play an essential role in plant growth, disease protection, and overall soil quality. Of the seven types of mycorrhizae described in current scientific literature (arbuscular, ecto, ectendo, arbutoid, monotropoid, ericoid and orchidaceous mycorrhizae), the arbuscular and ectomycorrhizae are the most abundant and widespread. This chapter presents an overview of current knowledge of mycorrhizal interactions, processes, and potential benefits to society. The molecular basis of nutrient exchange between arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and host plants is presented; the role of AM fungi in disease protection, alleviation of heavy metal stress and increasing grain production. Most land plants form associations with mycorrhizal fungi. Mycorrhizas are mutualistic associations between fungi and plant roots. They are described as symbiotic because the fungus receives photo synthetically derived carbon compounds and the plant has increased access to mineral nutrients and sometimes water.
5

Dalpé, Y. "Mycorrhizal fungi biodiversity in Canadian soils." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 83, Special Issue (August 1, 2003): 321–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/s01-067.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
Abstract:
The term "mycorrhiza" refers to the mutualistic symbiosis between fungi and the roots of a vast majority of vascular plants, distributed over almost any ecosystem. The fungal symbionts, primarily recognized for their beneficial impact on plant growth and plant protection, are integral components of soil ecosystems and as such, play an active role in improving plant productivity and diversity, soil microflora and microfauna diversity, and soil quality. Classified among major groups of true fungi, the study of their biodiversity and distribution has been explored for only a few decades. Major emphasis was first put on the mycorrhizal status of plants, on the evaluation of their benefits to plant growth, on their geographic distribution and soil inventories, and more recently on their relationship to plant diversity and productivity. In the 1950s, Canadian scientists were among world pioneers in the field of mycorrhizae research and they continue to be recognized by the international scientific community. Studies dealing with soil biodiversity of mycorrhizal fungi, including arbuscular, ecto-, ectendo-, ericoid- and orchid mycorrhizae, performed by Canadian researchers are presented here together with strategies and perspectives for a better exploitation of mycorrhizal fungal diversity in ecosystems. Key words: Symbiosis, mycorrhizae, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, ectomycorrhizal fungi, biodiversity, plant protection
6

Miller, R. M., B. A. D. Hetrick, and G. W. T. Wilson. "Mycorrhizal fungi affect root stele tissue in grasses." Canadian Journal of Botany 75, no. 10 (October 1, 1997): 1778–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b97-892.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
Abstract:
Although arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis was initially believed to have little or no impact on root morphology, we now recognize that subtle changes do occur and that these changes may be of considerable consequence to host growth and nutrition, as well as functional growth strategy. In examining the stele and root diameters of C3 and C4 grasses, C4 grasses were demonstrated to have a significantly larger proportion of their fibrous roots occupied by stele tissue than do C3 grasses. In fact, functional growth strategy (C3 versus C4) was observed to be a relatively good predictor of stele area. Mycorrhizal fungi also influenced the amount of stele tissue, but the effect was not the same for both C3 and C4 grasses. The stele area of all C4 grasses except for Sorghastrum nutans was greater in the presence of mycorrhizal colonization. Among the C3 grasses, only Bromus inermis showed a significant increase, although Elymus cinereus and Lolium perenne displayed significant decreases in response to arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization. Changes in the stele area of the plant species were closely related to their responsiveness to mycorrhizal symbiosis and might in part explain both beneficial and detrimental responses of plants to mycorrhizae. An increase in stele circumference induced by mycorrhizae would allow for greater uptake and passage of water and nutrients to the vascular cylinder, and growth depressions could be a direct outcome of reduced stele circumference. Thus, differences in stele circumference represent a possible mechanism for mycorrhizal impacts on host plants. These findings indicate that structural differences among grasses are related to different functional capabilities and further emphasize the need for better integration of comparative anatomy and morphology procedures in the study of mycorrhizal symbiosis. Key words: stele, root anatomy, mycorrhizal dependency, functional growth strategy, mycorrhiza, C3 and C4 grasses.
7

Perry, D. A., R. Molina, and M. P. Amaranthus. "Mycorrhizae, mycorrhizospheres, and reforestation: current knowledge and research needs." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 17, no. 8 (August 1, 1987): 929–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x87-145.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
Abstract:
Although not a panacea, management of mycorrhizae and associated organisms is an important reforestation aid. Its three major components are protection of the indigenous soil community and evaluation of inoculation needs, integration of inoculation programs into existing reforestation technology, and research. Clear-cutting frequently results in reduced mycorrhizae formation, particularly when reforestation is delayed and no other host plants are present to maintain fungal populations. Implications of such reductions for reforestation vary with environmental factors and tree species. Adequate mycorrhiza formation is especially critical for ectomycorrhizal trees growing on poor soils or in environments where seedlings must establish quickly to survive. It may also be important where early successional, noncrop plants do not support the same mycobiont as the crop. In such circumstances, a self-reinforcing trend may develop, with poor mycorrhiza formation reducing seedling survival and poor tree stocking leading to further loss of mycorrhizal inocula. Inoculating nursery seedlings with mycobionts holds promise for improving outplanting performance only if site-adapted fungi are used. A practical alternative is to improve nursery practices to enhance natural populations of mycorrhizal fungi. Seedlings leaving the nursery with diverse mycorrhizae may perform better than those leaving with only one or a few nursery-adapted types. Research is needed in three broad areas: on adaptations of mycorrhizal fungi to particular environmental factors; on interactions between tree seedlings and processes occurring within the sphere of influence of roots (the rhizosphere) or of mycorrhizal roots (the mycorrhizosphere); and on the role of mycorrhizae and associated organisms in ecosystem structure and processes, particularly nutrient cycling, plant-plant interaction, and soil structure.
8

Tammi, Hanna, Sari Timonen, and Robin Sen. "Spatiotemporal colonization of Scots pine roots by introduced and indigenous ectomycorrhizal fungi in forest humus and nursery Sphagnum peat microcosms." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 31, no. 5 (May 1, 2001): 746–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x01-011.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
Abstract:
Mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) seedling combinations were grown in two-dimensional Perspex® microcosms containing forest humus or nursery Sphagnum peat, without additional fertilization. Spatial and temporal patterns of mycorrhizal fungal colonization of roots were assessed over a 3-month period, through visual morphotyping and polymerase chain reaction assisted rDNA fingerprinting of developed mycorrhizas. Six distinct morphotypes of mycorrhiza developed on non-mycorrhizal seedlings grown in forest humus. Three of the morphotypes (white1-, black-, and brown-type) were, respectively, associated with the fungi Suillus bovinus (L. ex Fr.) O. Kuntze, Cenococcum geophilum Fr., and Thelephora terrestris Ehrh.:Fr. (= Tomentella radiosa (P. Karst.) Rick). A fourth pink-type morphotype displayed features indicating root colonization by Tomentellopsis submollis (Svrcek) Hjortstam, but this could not be confirmed because of a lack of source restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) data. Brown-type mycorrhiza were the first to appear after seedling transplantation and black-type mycorrhizas showed local and dispersed root colonization dynamics. Mycorrhiza development in the unfertilized nursery peat substrate was restricted to a single unidentifiable brown-type morphotype, which appeared after 44 days. Rapid colonization of adjacent non-mycorrhizal seedlings by Tomentellopsis submollis, but not S. bovinus, was detected following the introduction of preinoculated seedlings into the humus or peat microcosms. The biomass of seedlings grown in nursery peat, regardless of mycorrhizal status, was significantly lower than that of mycorrhizal seedlings grown in humus. These findings support and extend previous bait seedling studies, as they provide a primary in situ characterization of distinct root colonization strategies of mycorrhizal species in forest humus and nursery peat.
9

Phavaphutanon, Lop, and Fred T. Davies. "435 PB 206 EFFECT OF MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI AND PHOSPHORUS ON GROWTH AND NUTRIENT UPTAKE OF NEEM TREE SEEDLINGS (AZADIRACHTA INDICA A. JUSS)." HortScience 29, no. 5 (May 1994): 493e—493. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.5.493e.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
Abstract:
Growth and nutrient content of neem tree seedlings (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) were studied in response to the mycorrhial fungi Glomus intraradices Schenck & Smith and Long Ashton Nutrient Solution (LANS) modified to supply phosphorus (P) at 0.65 and 1.30 mM P. Three months after inoculation, an extensive mycorrhizal colonization was observed in mycorrhizal plants at both P levels. Shoot growth of mycorrhizal plants was similar at both P levels while the growth of nonmycorrhizal plants increased with increasing P supply. Mycorrhizal plants had greater leaf area, shoot dry weight and root to shoot ratio than nonmycorrhizal plants at the same P level. The length of nonsuberized roots increased with increasing P supply regardless of mycorrhizal colonization while the length of suberized roots was significantly increased by mycorrhiza. Mycorrhiza altered dry mass partitioning to root systems resulting in greater length and dry weight of suberized roots in mycorrhizal plants. Mycorrhiza also improved nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium and sulfur uptake but did not affect micronutrient uptake, except for enhancing boron.
10

Gianinazzi-Pearson, Vivienne, Armelle Gollotte, Benoit Tisserant, Philipp Franken, Eliane Dumas-Gaudot, Marie-Claude Lemoine, Diederik van Tuinen, Silvio Gianinazzi, and Jeanine Lherminier. "Cellular and molecular approaches in the characterization of symbiotic events in functional arbuscular mycorrhizal associations." Canadian Journal of Botany 73, S1 (December 31, 1995): 526–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b95-292.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
Abstract:
Arbuscular mycorrhizas represent the most widespread, and probably most ancient, type of plant–fungus association in which the large majority of terrestrial plants must have evolved with compatibility systems towards the fungal symbionts. Cellular interactions leading to reciprocal morphofunctional integration between symbionts during mycorrhiza establishment are complex. Some plant genes and cellular events may be shared with nodulation processes, but there is evidence of molecular modifications specific to arbuscular mycorrhiza formation. Plant defence responses, which are normally weakly activated during the symbiotic state, are strongly elicited by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in genetically altered, resistant hosts suggesting control over defence gene expression during establishment of a successful symbiosis. Modifications are also induced in the fungal symbionts during colonization of host tissues, with changes in wall metabolism and protein expression. Nothing is known of the genetic make-up of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi which are recalcitrant to pure culture. Recent cloning of DNA from these fungi opens the possibility of identifying functional genes in order to study their regulation and role in symbiosis establishment. Key words: arbuscular mycorrhiza, reciprocal symbiosis, molecular mechanisms, plant determinants, fungal molecules.
More sources
You might also be interested in the extended bibliographies on the topic 'Mycorrhizal fungi' for particular source types:
Journal articles Dissertations / Theses Books

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Mycorrhizal fungi":

1

Smith, S. E. "Studies on Mycorrhizal fungi." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1990. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09SD/09sds659.pdf.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Kasiamdari, Rina Sri. "Interactions between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and other root-infecting fungi." Title page, contents and abstract only, 2001. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phk1887.pdf.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Antoniolli, Zaida Inês. "Arbuscular mycorrhizal community in a permanent pasture and development of species-specific primers for detection and quantification of two AM fungi /." Title page, contents and summary only, 1999. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09pha635.pdf.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Stockinger, Herbert. "DNA barcoding of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi." Diss., lmu, 2010. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-114870.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Rewcastle, Joanne. "Plant protection using arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/27261.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
Abstract:
The interaction between several species of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, micropropagated strawberry plants and Phytophthora fragariae, the pathogen that causes red stele disease of strawberry plants, was investigated. The optimum temperature for germination of zoospore cysts of P. fragariae in vitro was found to be 15°C, and growth of the emerging germ tube was significantly orientated towards the strawberry root tip. Cyst germination was reduced in the presence of a mycorrhizal strawberry root. Elsanta was more susceptible to P. fragariae than the cultivar Rhapsody. A low level of colonisation of Elsanta with the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi Glomus mosseae, Glomus intraradices or Glomus fistulosum resulted in a significantly greater amount of total phosphorus in plant shoots compared to non-mycorrhizal plants, although further increases in the percentage of root colonisation by the fungi had no effect on the plants. The presence of these mycorrhizal fungi had no effect on disease due to subsequent inoculation of the plants by P. fragariae. Increasing colonisation of Elsanta by Scutellospora nodosa was correlated with a significant increase in plant size and additional phosphorus uptake. However, these same plants exhibited greater levels of disease due to the following inoculation with P. fragariae. A low level of root colonisation of Elsanta by Acaulospora scrobiculata caused significant increases in plant size and phosphorus uptake up to a threshold level of root colonisation beyond which further increases had no affect on the plant. The results are discussed in relation to the utilisation of specific strains of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi as inoculants of micropropagated strawberry plants of particular cultivars with the potential to increase plant growth and reduce the level of disease due to soil-borne plant pathogens.
6

Monreal, Marcia Amelia. "Molecular identification of ericoid mycorrhizal fungi." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq25119.pdf.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Stewart, Lynda Irene. "Phosphorus effects on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=102729.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
Abstract:
Two field studies were conducted to assess the potential benefit of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) inoculation of elite strawberry plants on plant multiplication, and fruit yield, under typical nursery conditions, in particular soils classified as excessively rich in P. To study plant productivity, five commercially in vitro propagated elite strawberry cultivars ('Chambly', 'Glooscap', 'Joliette', 'Kent', and 'Sweet Charlie') were not inoculated with AM fungi or were inoculated with either a single species (Glomus intraradices), or a mixture of species (G. intraradices, Glomus mosseae, and Glomus etunicatum). AM inoculation was found to impact strawberry plant productivity in a soil with excessive P levels. The AM fungi introduced into the field by inoculated mother plants established a mycelial network in the soil through colonization of the daughter plant roots, however, persistence of colonization was determined to below (<12% in inoculated plant roots). In soils excessively rich in P, individual crop inoculation may be the only option for management of the symbiosis, as the host and non-host rotation crops, planted prior to strawberry production, had no effect on plant productivity or soil mycorrhizal potential.
To study the impact of AM inoculation on fruit production, three commercially grown strawberry cultivars (Glooscap, Joliette, and Kent) were not inoculated with AM fungi or were inoculated with either G. intraradices or G. mosseae. AM fungi impacted the fruit yield, with all inoculated cultivars producing more fruit than noninoculated cultivars during the first harvest year. The percentage of root colonization could not be used to explain the differences in total fruit yield during the first harvest year, or the increase in total fruit yield the second harvest year.
We wished to examine the effects of various P treatments on C metabolism within the intraradical mycelia (IRM) of the fungus. Specific primers were developed for the Glomus intraradices glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) gene. Real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (QRT-PCR) was used to measure the gene expression of the G. intrarardices G6PDH gene in response to external P conditions of colonized transformed carrot roots. The results showed a significant down-regulation of G6PDH in the IRM of G. intraradices when cultures were grown in a high P (350 muM P) medium compared to those grown in the low P (35 muM P) medium. The down-regulation may suggest a reduction in the C flow from the host to the fungus. There was no effect on G6PDH expression following a two-hour incubation with additional P applications (No P, low P and high P).
8

Mathieu, Stephanie. "The Genetics of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/42770.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
Abstract:
Sexual reproduction is an important process amongst eukaryotic organisms, with one function being to maintain genetic variation. The idea that complex eukaryotic species can persist for millions of years in the absence of sex defies fundamental evolutionary dogma, yet a group of organisms known as ancient asexuals were thought to have evolved clonally under deep evolutionary time. Prominent among these are the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), which are obligate plant symbionts that colonize the root cells of plants and extend their hyphae into the soil assisting the plant in acquiring key nutrients. Unlike most eukaryotes, AMF cells are multinucleate with thousands of nuclei moving through a continuous cytoplasm. Genomic analyses have identified a putative mating-type (MAT) locus within the nuclear genomes of model AMF Rhizophagus irregularis, a region that in other fungi dictates the process of sexual reproduction. Additional findings demonstrated that AMF strains carry one of two nuclear organizations. They can be either homokaryotic (AMF homokaryons), where all nuclei within the cytoplasm are virtually identical, or heterokaryotic (AMF dikaryons), where two MAT-locus variants co-exist within the cytoplasm. Despite a lack of observable traits indicative of sex, this homo/heterokaryotic dichotomy is reminiscent of the nuclear organization of sexual fungi. My research aims to build on these findings to investigate the actual role of the MAT-locus in driving AMF reproduction. To address this, I build my thesis into three main chapters. The first chapter reviews our current understanding of AMF genetics and what drives genome evolution in these organisms. The second chapter establishes a relatively easy, inexpensive, and reproducible approach to genotype known MAT variants of R. irregularis in natural and experimental conditions. The last chapter uses experimental crossings between strains to assess cytoplasmic compatibility and nuclear exchange. I demonstrate that dikaryotic spore progenies can be formed after co-culturing two distinct AMF homokaryotic strains. Further analyses of various genomic regions also reveal possible recombination in homokaryotic spore progenies from co-cultures. Overall, this research provides new experimental insights into the origin of genetic diversity in AMF. These findings open avenues to produce genetically new AMF strains in the lab using conventional crossing procedures and provide a glimpse of the mechanisms that generate AMF genetic diversity in the field.
9

Ike-Izundu, Nnenna Esther. "Interaction between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and soil microbial populations in the rhizosphere." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004021.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
Abstract:
This study examined the rehabilitation potential of AM fungi with organic and inorganic fertilisers under pot and field trial conditions as well as their interaction with rhizospheric organisms and specific functional groups. In addition, the study highlighted the effects of land-use management on AM fungal populations in soil and the mycorrhizal status of some selected plants from one of the study sites. The study focussed on two sites that differ in operational activities and these included a mined area that was to be rehabilitated and a commercial farming site. A pot trial was conducted using an overburdened soil resulting from kaolin clay mining. Pots were seeded with Cynodon dactylon and treated with either Organic Tea or NPK (3:1:5) fertiliser, with or without AM fungal inoculum. The compatibility of these fertilisers with AM fungi was assessed by plant growth and percentage root colonisation. Maximum shoot height and plant biomass were observed at the 28th week with NPK (3:1:5) fertiliser supporting mycorrhizal colonisation by 80%. The result indicated the potential of AM fungi to be used in rehabilitation with minimal phosphate fertiliser. Similarly, a field trial was set-up using 17 x 17 m[superscript 2] plots in the mining site that were treated with the same organic and inorganic fertilisers as well as with AM fungal inoculum in different combinations. The interaction between AM fungi and soil microbial population was determined using culture dependent and culture independent techniques. The culture dependent technique involved the use of soil dilution and plating on general purpose and selective media. The result showed that there was no change in the total culturable bacterial number in the untreated and AM fungal treated plots, while a change in species composition was observed in the functional groups. Different functional groups identified included nitrogen fixing bacteria, pseudomonads, actinomycetes, phosphate solubilisers and the fungal counterparts. Gram-positive bacteria were observed as the predominant phenotypic type, while nitrogen fixers and actinomycetes were the predominant functional groups. Species identified from each functional group were Pseudomonas fulva, Bacillus megaterium, Streptomyces and actinomycetales bacteria. Meanwhile, fungi such as Ampelomyces, Fusarium, Penicillium, Aspergillus, Cephalosporium and Exserohilium were identified morphologically and molecularly. Furthermore, the mining site had a significantly higher bacterial number than the farming site thereby indicating the effects of land-use management on culturable bacterial numbers. The culture independent technique was carried out by cloning of the bacterial 16S rDNA and sequencing. Identified clones were Bradyrhizobium, Propionibacterium and Sporichthya. A cladogram constructed with the nucleotides sequences of identified functional species, clones and closely related nucleotide sequences from the Genbank indicated that nucleotide sequences differed in terms of the method used. The activity and establishment of the introduced AM fungal population was determined by spore enumeration, infectivity assay, percentage root colonisation and assessment of glomalin concentrations. The results indicated that the two land use types affected AM fungal populations. However, the establishment of AM fungi in the farming site was more successful than in the mining site as indicated by the higher infectivity pontential. Selected host plants, which were collected around the mine area, were observed to be mainly colonised by AM fungi and these were identified as Pentzia incana, Elytropappus rhinocerotis, Euphorbia meloformis, Selago corymbosa, Albuca canadensis and Helichrysum rosum. These plant species were able to thrive under harsh environmental conditions, thereby indicating their potential use as rehabilitation host plants. Generally, the findings of this study has provided an insight into the interaction between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and other soil microorganisms in two fields with differing land use management practices.
10

Davidson, Kent. "Genetic studies of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.279742.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Books on the topic "Mycorrhizal fungi":

1

Ferrol, Nuria, and Luisa Lanfranco, eds. Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi. New York, NY: Springer US, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-0603-2.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Fulton, Susanne M. Mycorrhizal fungi: Soil, agriculture, and environmental implications. New York: Nova Science Publishers, 2011.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Pagano, Marcela C., ed. Recent Advances on Mycorrhizal Fungi. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24355-9.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Souza, Tancredo. Handbook of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24850-9.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Pagano, Marcela C., and Mónica A. Lugo, eds. Mycorrhizal Fungi in South America. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-15228-4.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Lugo, Mónica A., and Marcela C. Pagano, eds. Mycorrhizal Fungi in South America. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-12994-0.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Agerer, R. Zur Ökologie der Mykorrhizapilze. Vaduz: J. Cramer, 1985.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

National Conference on Mycorrhiza (3rd 1995 New Delhi, India). Mycorrhizae, biofertilizers for the future: Proceedings of the Third National Conference on Mycorrhiza, 13-15 March 1995. Edited by Adholeya Alok, Singh Sujan, Tata Energy Research Institute, India. Dept. of Biotechnology., and India. Dept. of Science and Technology. New Delhi: Tata Energy Research Institute, 1995.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

O'Neill, Cathy. An evaluation of in vitro methods for the production of ectomycorrhizal fungus inoculum. Dublin: University College Dublin, 1995.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Habte, M. Arbuscular mycorrhizas: Producing and applying arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculum. [Honolulu?]: CTAHR, 2001.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Book chapters on the topic "Mycorrhizal fungi":

1

Pinhey, Sally, and Margaret Tebbs. "The role of fungi." In Plants for soil regeneration: an illustrated guide, 23–27. Wallingford: CABI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789243604.0005.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
Abstract:
Abstract This chapter focuses on the role of fungi. Fungi are a vital part of the mixture of microorganisms found in healthy soil. Fungal associations between plant roots and beneficial fungi are known as mycorrhizae (meaning 'fungus' and 'root'), and form a beneficial or symbiotic relationship with plants growing in the soil. Mycorrhizal fungi also facilitate plant interactions with other soil microbes. These include pathogens, and bacteria that produce vitamins and protect against attack. The most common of the mycorrhizae are divided into the following: (1) ectomycorrhizae; (2) endomycorrhizae; (3) arbuscular mycorrhizae; (4) ericoid mycorrhizae; and (5) orchid mycorrhiza. The role of saprophytes, pathogens and actinomycetes are also discussed.
2

Singh, Archana, and Ajit Varma. "Orchidaceous Mycorrhizal Fungi." In Mycorrhizal Biology, 265–88. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4265-0_17.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Gupta, Vandana, and T. Satyanarayana. "Molecular Genetics of Ectomycorrhizal Fungi." In Mycorrhizal Biology, 119–34. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4265-0_8.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Pagano, Marcela C., and Partha P. Dhar. "Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi." In Biotechnology of Bioactive Compounds, 225–43. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118733103.ch9.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Tedersoo, Leho, and R. Henrik Nilsson. "Molecular identification of fungi." In Molecular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis, 299–322. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118951446.ch17.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Grelet, Gwen, Elena Martino, Ian A. Dickie, Rosnida Tajuddin, and Rebekka Artz. "Ecology of ericoid mycorrhizal fungi." In Molecular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis, 405–19. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118951446.ch22.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Bansal, M., B. P. Chamola, N. Sarwar, and K. G. Mukerji. "Mycorrizosphere: Interaction Between Rhizosphere Microflora and Vam Fungi." In Mycorrhizal Biology, 143–52. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4265-0_10.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Gupta, Rajni, and K. G. Mukerji. "The Growth of Vam Fungi Under Stress Conditions." In Mycorrhizal Biology, 57–65. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4265-0_4.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Tawaraya, Keitaro, and Maman Turjaman. "Mycorrhizal Fungi in Peatland." In Tropical Peatland Ecosystems, 237–44. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-55681-7_15.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Sylvia, David M. "Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi." In SSSA Book Series, 351–78. Madison, WI, USA: Soil Science Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssabookser5.2.c18.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Conference papers on the topic "Mycorrhizal fungi":

1

Sirait, Gloria, Ashar Hasairin, and Syahmi Edi. "Identification of Mycorrhizal Fungi Spore in Environment of Medan State University." In The 4th International Conference on Science and Technology Applications. Switzerland: Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-dm2oq0.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
Abstract:
Mycorrhizal is a the symbiotic association between the roots of higher plants and the mycelium of certain fungi. Mycorrhizal has benefits for improving plant nutrition and increasing growth, as biological protection, involved in the Bio-Geo-Chemical cycle, increasing nutrient absorption from the soil to increase plant resistance to extreme drought and humidity. Research on mycorrhizal spores was carried out in 3 places with high levels of mycorrhizal diversity, humid areas, and lush trees, namely in the forest of the Medan State University campus, Jl. Williem Iskandar, Kec. Medan Tebung City of Medan. This research is limited to knowing the diversity of mycorrhizal spores in the forest of Medan State University. Mycorrhizae observed on the roots of Swietenia macrophylla. Observations focused on the morphology of mycorrhizal spores observed under a microscope. The results showed that the mycorrhizal that were successfully identified and observed around the Medan State University Campus Forest were Gigaspora sp. 1 (10 x 40), Gigaspora sp. 2 (10 x 40), Acaulospora sp. 1 (10x40) Acaulospora sp. 2 (10 x 40), Glomus sp. 1 (10 x 40), Glomus sp. 2 (10 x 40), Glomus sp. 3 (10 x 40), Glomus sp. 4 (10 x 40), Glomus sp. 5 (10 x 40), Glomus sp. 5 (10 x 40), Gigaspora sp. 3 (10 x 40).
2

Tervonen, Kaisa, Anna Oldén, and Panu Halme. "Mycorrhizal fungi in wood-pastures." In 5th European Congress of Conservation Biology. Jyväskylä: Jyvaskyla University Open Science Centre, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.17011/conference/eccb2018/107420.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Mazurek, B. G., and I. S. Zhebrak. "Features of mycorrhiza Trifolium pratense L. in various phytocenoses." In 2nd International Scientific Conference "Plants and Microbes: the Future of Biotechnology". PLAMIC2020 Organizing committee, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.28983/plamic2020.166.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
Abstract:
In four meadow phytocenoses after the restoration of anthropogenic biotopes, a high degree of mycotrophy of Trifolium pratense was established. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (arbuscules, vesicles, free and intra-root nonseptic mycelium) and dark-colored septic endophytic fungi (sporocarpies and free septic mycelium) were revealed in the roots of the studied plants.
4

Favre-Godal, Q., L. Gourguillon, L. Riffault-Valois, A. Urbain, S. Lordel-Madeleine, K. Gindro, and P. Choisy. "Orchids and their mycorrhizal fungi: an insufficiently explored relationship." In 67th International Congress and Annual Meeting of the Society for Medicinal Plant and Natural Product Research (GA) in cooperation with the French Society of Pharmacognosy AFERP. © Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-3399784.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Abdurashytov, S. F., E. V. Puzanova, K. S. Gritsevich, A. A. Zubochenko, and V. K. Zakharova. "Study of the development of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the saline soils of Crimea." In РАЦИОНАЛЬНОЕ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ ПРИРОДНЫХ РЕСУРСОВ В АГРОЦЕНОЗАХ. Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea”, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33952/2542-0720-15.05.2020.25.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
Abstract:
It is known that arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) fungi are able to mitigate the effect of various negative environmental factors on plants. Therefore, the aim of our research was to determine the most active AM fungi populations in saline soils of the Crimean Peninsula to select stress-resistant isolates. The spores were isolated by wet sieving. Mycorrhization was visualized by staining with black ink and studied quantitatively under a stereomicroscope. In 2019, 15 soil-plant samples from 4 locations of the salinity soils were sampled: Lake Achi (AB) and the nearby agrocenosis (PAB), Koyashskoye (KO), Kirkoyashskoye (PKP) and agrocenosis near it (KP), Chokrak (CH). The highest content of chlorine anions (119.5 mg) and bicarbonate anions (610.0 mg) was noted in the area near Lake Kirkoyashskoye. The smallest salinity was observed at arable land KP (8.5 and 229.0 mg). Plowing led to a decrease in the number of AM fungi spores in the studied sections of PAB by 80.3% and KP by 47.6% compared with the AB and PKP. The frequency of occurrence and the intensity of mycorrhizal colonization in plant roots on the shores of Lakes Achi and Kirkoyashskoye were 70.0-72.3% and 28.0-43.9%, while the same for the plowing areas around them were lower by 28.5-54.1% and 18.0-32.2%, respectively. In our study, there was no strict correlation between the number of spores and the estimated environmental conditions. Soil-plant samples and the spores isolated from them were used as inoculums for obtaining new AM fungal isolates with a stress resistance property.
6

Kulaeva, O. A., E. A. Zorin, D. A. Romanyuk, M. L. Gordon, E. S. Gribchenko, O. Y. Shtark, A. M. Afonin, I. A. Tikhonovich, and V. A. Zhukov. "Characterization of pea (Pisum sativum L.) microRNAs." In 2nd International Scientific Conference "Plants and Microbes: the Future of Biotechnology". PLAMIC2020 Organizing committee, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.28983/plamic2020.138.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
Abstract:
Pea microRNAs and their targets were identified, and their differential expression was analyzed during the development of symbiosis with rhizobia and mycorrhizal fungi, and under conditions of abiotic stress caused by cadmium.
7

Hubbard, Victoria L., Kevin J. LeDone, Abdrew Piefer, Jon Chorover, and Zsuzsanna Balogh-Brunstad. "HOW DO WATER AVAILABILITY IMPACT MINERAL WEATHERING BY MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI?" In GSA Annual Meeting in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA - 2018. Geological Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2018am-322449.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Andrade, Alexsandra O., Roque M. P. Trindade, Vanessa B. F. Neves, Alecio S. Barros, Isadora B. Soares, Reginaldo Pereira Costa, Divino Levi Miguel, Regivan H. N. Santiago, and Ana Maria G. Guerrreiro. "Analysis of fuzzy morphology in spore counts of mycorrhizal fungi." In 2015 Annual Conference of the North American Fuzzy Information Processing Society (NAFIPS) held jointly with 2015 5th World Conference on Soft Computing (WConSC). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nafips-wconsc.2015.7284131.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Andrade, Alexsandra O., Roque M. P. Trindade, Vanessa B. F. Neves, Deise S. Maia, Divino Levi Miguel, Regivan H. N. Santiago, and Ana Maria G. Guerrreiro. "The counting of mycorrhizal fungi spores using fuzzy mathematical morphology." In 2015 Annual Conference of the North American Fuzzy Information Processing Society (NAFIPS) held jointly with 2015 5th World Conference on Soft Computing (WConSC). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nafips-wconsc.2015.7284167.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Getman-Pickering, Zoe. "Emergency alert! Plants communicate about herbivory through arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.115445.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Reports on the topic "Mycorrhizal fungi":

1

Phillips, Donald, and Yoram Kapulnik. Using Flavonoids to Control in vitro Development of Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi. United States Department of Agriculture, January 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7613012.bard.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
Abstract:
Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi and other beneficial rhizosphere microorganisms, such as Rhizobium bacteria, must locate and infect a host plant before either symbiont profits. Although benefits of the VAM association for increased phosphorous uptake have been widely documented, attempts to improve the fungus and to produce agronomically useful amounts of inoculum have failed due to a lack of in vitro production methods. This project was designed to extend our prior observation that the alfalfa flavonoid quercetin promoted spore germination and hyphal growth of VAM fungi in the absence of a host plant. On the Israeli side of the project, a detailed examination of changes in flavonoids and flavonoid-biosynthetic enzymes during the early stages of VAM development in alfalfa found that VAM fungi elicited and then suppressed transcription of a plant gene coding for chalcone isomerase, which normally is associated with pathogenic infections. US workers collaborated in the identification of flavonoid compounds that appeared during VAM development. On the US side, an in vitro system for testing the effects of plant compounds on fungal spore germination and hyphal growth was developed for use, and intensive analyses of natural products released from alfalfa seedlings grown in the presence and absence of microorganisms were conducted. Two betaines, trigonelline and stachydrine, were identified as being released from alfalfa seeds in much higher concentrations than flavonoids, and these compounds functioned as transcriptional signals to another alfalfa microsymbiont, Rhizobium meliloti. However, these betaines had no effect on VAM spore germination or hyphal growth i vitro. Experiments showed that symbiotic bacteria elicited exudation of the isoflavonoids medicarpin and coumestrol from legume roots, but neither compound promoted growth or germination of VAM fungi in vitro. Attempts to look directly in alfalfa rhizosphere soil for microbiologically active plant products measured a gradient of nod-gene-inducing activity in R. meliloti, but no novel compounds were identified for testing in the VAM fungal system in vitro. Israeli field experiments on agricultural applications of VAM were very successful and developed methods for using VAM to overcome stunting in peanuts and garlic grown in Israel. In addition, deleterious effects of soil solarization on growth of onion, carrot and wheat were linked to effects on VAM fungi. A collaborative combination of basic and applied approaches toward enhancing the agronomic benefits of VAM asociations produced new knowledge on symbiotic biology and successful methods for using VAM inocula under field conditions
2

Melville, Alaina. Assessment of a Mycorrhizal Fungi Application to Treat Stormwater in an Urban Bioswale. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.3019.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Cheeke, Tanya. An Evaluation of the Nontarget Effects of Transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis Maize on Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in the Soil Ecosystem. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.1027.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Devos, Katrien, Jeff Bennetzen, Ali Missaoui, and Paul Schliekelman. Unraveling the Genetics of Two Key Biomass Traits that Differentiate Upland and Lowland Tetraploid Switchgrass Ecotypes, Colonization by Mycorrhizal Fungi and Frost Tolerance. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1735505.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Kapulnik, Yoram, Maria J. Harrison, Hinanit Koltai, and Joseph Hershenhorn. Targeting of Strigolacatones Associated Pathways for Conferring Orobanche Resistant Traits in Tomato and Medicago. United States Department of Agriculture, July 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2011.7593399.bard.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
Abstract:
This proposal is focused on examination of two plant interactions: parasitic with Orobanche, and symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF), and the involvement of a newly define plant hormones, strigolactones (SLs), in these plant interactions. In addition to strigolactones role in regulation of above-ground plant architecture, they are also known to be secreted from roots, and to be a signal for seed germination of the parasitic plants Orobanche. Moreover, secreted strigolactones were recognized as inducers of AMFhyphae branching. The present work was aimed at Generation of RNAi mutants of both tomato and Medicago, targeting multiple genes that may be involved in strigolactone production, carotenoid biosynthesis pathway, Pi signaling or other metabolic pathways, and hence affect AMF colonization and/or Orobanche resistance. Following the newly formed and existing RNAi mutants were examined for AMF colonization and Orobanche resistance. At the first phase of this project Orobanche seed germination assays and AMF colonization were examined in intact plants. These assays were shown to be effective and resulted with enhancement of Orobanche seed germination and AMF colonization in WT tomato plants, whereas roots of strigolactones impaired lines did not result with Orobanche seed germination and mycorrhiza colonization. Unexpectedly, root organ cultures (ROC) that were produced from the same wild type (WT) and mutant lines did not induce the Orobanche seed germination and AMFhyphal branching. This implies that under in vitro conditions ROC cultures are missing an important component for induction of Orobanche seed germination and AMFhyphal branching. In another line of experiments we have tested transgenic lines of Medicagotruncatula for AMFhuyphal branching and Orobanche seed germination assays. These lines included lines silenced for a GRAS transcription factor (RNAi 1845), an NBS-LRR type resistance gene (RNAi 1847), a kinase (RNAi 2403) and a protein of unknown function (RNAi 2417). In all cases, five independent transgenic root lines showed altered AMFphenotypes with reduced or aberrant colonization patterns. Following, we transformed tomato plants with the M. truncatulaTC 127050 PhosphoinositidekinaseRNAi construct. Transgenic lines that contained GUS constructs were used as control. All transgenic lines showed reduced level of Orobanche seed germination, masking any strigoalctones-specific effect. The research demonstrated that SLs production may not be examined in ROC –based bioassays. It was shown by the 3 independent assays employed in this project that none of the recognized characters of SLs may be reflected in these bioassays. However, when the whole plant root exudates were examined, SLs activity in root exudates was demonstrated. Hence, it can be concluded that the presence of an intact shoot, and possibly, shoot factors, may be necessary for production of SLs in roots. Another point of interest that rises from these results is that the presence of SLs is not necessary for AMF completion of life cycle. Hence, it may be concluded that SLs are important for AMFhyphal branching, before symbiosis, but not essential for AMF colonization and life cycle completion under ROC system conditions.

To the bibliography