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Journal articles on the topic 'Mycorrhizal fungi. Mycorrhizas. Soils'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Valdes, María. "Aspectos ecofisiológicos de las micorrizas." Botanical Sciences, no. 49 (April 10, 2017): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.17129/botsci.1363.

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Mycorrhiza is the part of the roots infected with particular soil fungi. This type of association is formed by most of the plants. There are several types of mycorrhizae; this short review is concerned only with Ectomycorrhiza (EM) and the Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhiza (VAM). These two types are the most common in nature. EM has a compact fungus mantle over the root surface and intercellular hypha in the cortex; the V AM has a loose network of hyphae in the soil surrounding the root and hyphal growth within the cortical cells. Mycorrhizas increase nutrient uptake and hence plant growth. Sinc

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Dalpé, Y. "Mycorrhizal fungi biodiversity in Canadian soils." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 83, Special Issue (2003): 321–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/s01-067.

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The term "mycorrhiza" refers to the mutualistic symbiosis between fungi and the roots of a vast majority of vascular plants, distributed over almost any ecosystem. The fungal symbionts, primarily recognized for their beneficial impact on plant growth and plant protection, are integral components of soil ecosystems and as such, play an active role in improving plant productivity and diversity, soil microflora and microfauna diversity, and soil quality. Classified among major groups of true fungi, the study of their biodiversity and distribution has been explored for only a few decades. Major em

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3

Ramakrishnan, K., and G. Bhuvaneswari. "Influence on Different Types of Mycorrhizal Fungi on Crop Productivity in Ecosystem." International Letters of Natural Sciences 38 (May 2015): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilns.38.9.

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Mycorrhizal fungi greatly enhanced the ability of plants to take up phosphorus and other nutrients those are relatively immobile and exist in low concentration in the soil solution. Fungi can be important in the uptake of other nutrients by the host plant. Mycorrhizae establish symbiotic relationships with plants and play an essential role in plant growth, disease protection, and overall soil quality. Of the seven types of mycorrhizae described in current scientific literature (arbuscular, ecto, ectendo, arbutoid, monotropoid, ericoid and orchidaceous mycorrhizae), the arbuscular and ectomycor

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4

Farias-Larios, J., S. Guzman-Gonzalez, and A. Michel-Rosales. "The Advances in the Study on Mycorrhizas of Fruit Trees in Dry Tropics of Mexico." HortScience 31, no. 4 (1996): 684c—684. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.31.4.684c.

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The productivity of marginal soils frequently found in the arid tropics might be improved by using VAM fungi as “biofertilizer” and as a tool of sustainable agricultural systems. Study of mycorrhizas of fruit trees was performed in 1987 in western Mexico. More progress has been made in resources, taxonomy, anatomy and morphology, physiology, ecology, effects, and application of mycorrhizas in fruit trees and ornamental plants production. Currently, five genera has been identified and inoculated plants showed significant difference in respect to plants not inoculated with mycorrhizal fungi. Cit

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5

Walker, Christopher. "Sitka spruce mycorrhizas." Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. Section B. Biological Sciences 93, no. 1-2 (1987): 117–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269727000006333.

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SynopsisRelatively little research has been done on mycorrhizas of Sitka spruce, although greenhouse studies have confirmed that its growth can be improved by the introduction of mycorrhizal fungi. Work in nurseries is difficult under British conditions and it probably will be necessary to disinfest soil in seedbeds before mycorrhizal treatment can be applied. Results from forest trials show that inoculation with selected mycorrhizal fungi can give significant early growth effects, though how long these will persist is unknown. In such work, careful attention must be given to selection of cont

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Perry, D. A., R. Molina, and M. P. Amaranthus. "Mycorrhizae, mycorrhizospheres, and reforestation: current knowledge and research needs." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 17, no. 8 (1987): 929–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x87-145.

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Although not a panacea, management of mycorrhizae and associated organisms is an important reforestation aid. Its three major components are protection of the indigenous soil community and evaluation of inoculation needs, integration of inoculation programs into existing reforestation technology, and research. Clear-cutting frequently results in reduced mycorrhizae formation, particularly when reforestation is delayed and no other host plants are present to maintain fungal populations. Implications of such reductions for reforestation vary with environmental factors and tree species. Adequate

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Unrug, Juliusz, and Katarzyna Turnau. "Mycorrhiza of Dryopteris carthusiana in southern Poland." Acta Mycologica 34, no. 2 (2014): 305–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/am.1999.020.

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The research on mycorrhiza of <i>Dryopteris carthusiana</i> from natural sites and those contaminated by heavy metals (Niepołomice Forest), both on lowlands and mountainous areas in Poland, was carried out. Mycorrhizal colonization of <i>Arum</i>-type was higher in ferns growing on tree stumps than in specimens developing directly on the soil. Additionally, an increase in mycorrhiza intensity and arbuscular richness with the rising ground humidity was observed. In comparison to natural sites, mycorrhizas from the areas contaminated by heavy metals were much less develop

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8

Tibbett, Mark, and John W. G. Cairney. "The cooler side of mycorrhizas: their occurrence and functioning at low temperatures." Canadian Journal of Botany 85, no. 1 (2007): 51–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b06-152.

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Mycorrhizal associations occur in a range of habitats in which soils are subject to low temperature (≤15 °C) for a significant part of the year. Despite this, most of our understanding of mycorrhizal fungi and their interactions with their plant hosts is based on physiological investigations conducted in the range 20–37 °C using fungi of temperate origin. Comparatively little consideration has been given to the cold edaphic conditions in which many mycorrhizas survive and prosper, and the physiological and ecological consequences of their low temperature environments. In this review, we consid

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Jasper, DA, AD Robson, and LK Abbott. "The Effect of Surface Mining on the Infectivity of Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi." Australian Journal of Botany 35, no. 6 (1987): 641. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt9870641.

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We tested the hypothesis that soil disturbance associated with mining will reduce the infectivity of propagules of vesicular-arbuscular (VA) mycorrhizal fungi to different extents, depending on the mining operation and the environment. At each of four mine sites, the infectivity of VA mycorrhizal fungi was estimated in soil from native vegetation, disturbed topsoil and revegetated soil. Infectivity was measured using subterranean clover and Acacia species as bioassay plants. In a second experiment the effects of soil disturbance and soil storage on infectivity of VA mycorrhizal fungi were meas

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Last, F. T., P. A. Mason, J. Wilson, et al. "‘Epidemiology’ of sheathing (ecto-) mycorrhizas in unsterile soils: a case study of Betula pendula." Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. Section B. Biological Sciences 85, no. 3-4 (1985): 299–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269727000004085.

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SynopsisSequential observations were made of the effects on root development of inoculating Betula pendula seedlings during propagation with sheathing mycorrhizal fungi, Amanita muscaria, Hebeloma sacchariolens or Paxillus involutus. After propagation, the seedlings were grown for two seasons in four different soils (two mineral soils and two peats) which were not sterilised.While all inoculated seedlings had similar numbers of mycorrhizas at planting, numbers subsequently increased most rapidly with P. involutus and least rapidly with A. muscaria. From the end of the first season onwards, the

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Scheltema, MA, LK Abbott, and AD Robson. "Seasonal variation in the infectivity of VA mycorrhizal fungi in annual pastures in a Mediterranean environment." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 38, no. 4 (1987): 707. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9870707.

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The seasonal variation in the rate and extent of formation of mycorrhizas in pasture soils from two sites in south-west Australia was examined. Undisturbed soil cores were taken on eight occasions throughout the year, sown with Trifolium subterraneum L. and maintained in a glasshouse. At each collection time the extent of formation of mycorrhizas was measured 3 and 6 weeks after sowing.There was no seasonal variation in the extent of mycorrhizas formed in undisturbed soil cores at one site, hut at the other site the extent of mycorrhizas decreased over time. The rate of formation of mycorrhiza

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Milović, Marina, Marko Kebert, and Saša Orlović. "How mycorrhizas can help forests to cope with ongoing climate change?" Šumarski list 145, no. 5-6 (2021): 279–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.31298/sl.145.5-6.7.

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The ongoing climate change have multi-faceted effects not only on metabolism of plants, but also on the soil properties and mycorrhizal fungal community. Under climate change the stability of the entire forest ecosystems and the carbon balance depend to a large degree on the interactions between trees and mycorrhizal fungi. The main drivers of climate change are CO<sub>2</sub> enrichment, temperature rise, altered precipitation patterns, increased N deposition, soil acidification and pollutants, ecosystem fragmentation and habitat loss, and biotic invasion. These drivers can impact

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Reddell, P., and AR Milnes. "Mycorrhizas and Other Specialized Nutrient-Acquisition Strategies: Their Occurrence in Woodland Plants From Kakadu and Their Role in Rehabilitation of Waste Rock Dumps at a Local Uranium Mine." Australian Journal of Botany 40, no. 2 (1992): 223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt9920223.

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The presence of mycorrhizas, proteoid roots and leguminous nodules was determined in a range of woodland species (from a variety of habitats in soils formed on different parent materials) in the Kakadu area in the monsoonal tropics of northern Australia. In addition, the chemical fertility and the occurrence of mycorrhizal fungi and rhizobia in rudimentary soils ('minesoils') forming in situ on waste rock dumps at a mine site in the region were compared with stockpiled topsoils from the mine area and undisturbed topsoils collected from the surrounding native woodland. A major aim of these inve

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SHI, Zhaoyong, Yongming WANG, Shouxia XU, et al. "Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Enhance Plant Diversity, Density and Productivity of Spring Ephemeral Community in Desert Ecosystem." Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 45, no. 1 (2017): 301–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nbha45110766.

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Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi form intimate associations with the roots of about 85% of all terrestrial plants, and can greatly increase a plant’s uptake of soil nutrients and have been shown to influence plant diversity in several ecosystems. A lot of studies have reported the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizas on plant density, species diversity, richness and productivity in desert herbland in Gurbantonggut desert, China. Here, we conduct a mycorrhizal functional study by suppressing AM fungi by applying the fungicide benomyl as a soil drench in soil cores and field in-situ experiment. The

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Jasper, DA, AD Robson, and LK Abbott. "Revegetation in an iron ore mine - Nutrient requirements for plant growth and the potential role of vesicular arbuscular (VA) mycorrhizal fungi." Soil Research 26, no. 3 (1988): 497. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9880497.

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Revegetation after iron-ore mining in the Pilbara region of Australia is difficult because of the harsh climate and because the material to be revegetated is likely to have poor fertility and low microbial activity. In this work we defined the infectivity of VA mycorrhizal fungi in local soils and mine materials, and then the nutrient requirements for adequate plant growth in low-grade ore. Finally, we tested the hypothesis that addition of phosphorus to low-grade ore, and inoculation with VA mycorrhizal fungi, increases the growth of Acacia pyrijolia. The VA mycorrhizas were formed only in so

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Sainz, Maria J., and J. Arines. "Effects of native vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and phosphate fertilizer on red clover growth in acid soils." Journal of Agricultural Science 111, no. 1 (1988): 67–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600082824.

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SummaryThe effect of P applications and native vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza (VAM) on the growth and P nutrition of red clover plants was studied in two acid hill soils with similar edaphic characteristics.Mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal plants were compared under sterilized soil conditions. Plant growth increased on P addition in both soils, but the effect of mycorrhiza in improving drymatter production and P uptake was significant only in one of the soils. Fourteen and twenty-five mg/kg Olsen-P were needed in this soil to obtain the same yields by mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal plants, re

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Maldonado-Mendoza, Ignacio E., Gary R. Dewbre, and Maria J. Harrison. "A Phosphate Transporter Gene from the Extra-Radical Mycelium of an Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus Glomus intraradices Is Regulated in Response to Phosphate in the Environment." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 14, no. 10 (2001): 1140–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi.2001.14.10.1140.

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The majority of vascular flowering plants are able to form symbiotic associations with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. These symbioses, termed arbuscular mycorrhizas, are mutually beneficial, and the fungus delivers phosphate to the plant while receiving carbon. In these symbioses, phosphate uptake by the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus is the first step in the process of phosphate transport to the plant. Previously, we cloned a phosphate transporter gene involved in this process. Here, we analyze the expression and regulation of a phosphate transporter gene (GiPT) in the extra-radical mycelium of

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Klingeman, W. E., R. M. Augé, and P. C. Flanagan. "Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Assessment of Ornamental Trees Grown in Tennessee Field Soils." HortScience 37, no. 5 (2002): 778–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.37.5.778.

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Mycorrhizal symbiosis, a natural association between roots and certain soil fungi, can improve growth and increase stress resistance of many nursery crops. Field soils of four middle Tennessee and two eastern Tennessee nurseries were surveyed for their mycorrhizal inoculum potential (MIP), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) concentrations, and soil pH. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, which colonized seedlings of a Sorghum bicolor trap-crop, were recovered from all soils. Tissue samples were taken from young roots of three economically important tree species grown in nursery field soils: red m

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Mahmoudi, Neji, Teresa Dias, Mosbah Mahdhi, Cristina Cruz, Mohamed Mars, and Maria F. Caeiro. "Does Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Determine Soil Microbial Functionality in Nutrient-Limited Mediterranean Arid Ecosystems?" Diversity 12, no. 6 (2020): 234. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d12060234.

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Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are determinant for the performance of plant communities and for the functionality of terrestrial ecosystems. In natural ecosystems, grazing can have a major impact on mycorrhizal fungi and consequently on plant growth. The objective of this study was to evaluate the statements referred above in Mediterranean arid areas in Tunisia. Root samples and rhizosphere soils of five dominant herbaceous plants were studied at six distinct arid sites differing on soil proprieties and grazing intensity. At each site, chemical and dynamic properties of the soil were chara

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Coello, Wilson Latacela, Eduardo Colina Navarrete, Carlos Castro Arteaga, et al. "Efectos De La Fertilización Nitrogenada Y Fosfatada Sobre Poblaciones De Micorrizas Asociadas Al Cultivo De Cacao." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 13, no. 6 (2017): 464. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2017.v13n6p464.

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Cocoa is one of the most significant assets in the ecuadorian agricultural structure, which also provides a good source of income for thousands of farmworker families. However, fertilization research works in cocoa cultivation have been relatively scarce. Decades of global research have shown that mycorrhizal fungi determine the fertilization and conservation of agrosystems. Fertilization is considered to be among the cultural and agricultural practices affecting mycorrhizas, which diminishes or prevents the fungal colonization. The objectives of research works were the following: the characte

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Al-Khaliel, A. S. "Effect of salinity stress on mycorrhizal association and growth response of peanut infected by Glomus mosseae." Plant, Soil and Environment 56, No. 7 (2010): 318–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/204/2009-pse.

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Arbuscular mycorrhiza is a mutualistic association between fungi and higher plants, and play a critical role in nutrient cycling and stress tolerance. However, much less is known about the mycorrhiza-mediated enhancement in growth and salinity tolerance of the peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) growing in the arid and semi-arid areas. Therefore, mycorrhizal status of Glomus mosseae in diverse salinity levels on original substrate soil conditions was investigated. Different growth parameters, accumulation of proline content and salt stress tolerance were studied. These investigations indicated that

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CHENG, Wei-Jin, Yong-Jie XU, Guang-Ming HUANG, Mohammed M. RAHMAN, Zhi-Yan XIAO, and Qiang-Sheng WU. "Effects of five mycorrhizal fungi on biomass and leaf physiological activities of walnut." Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 48, no. 4 (2020): 2021–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nbha48412144.

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Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can benefit many plants, but their effects on walnuts are not yet known. The present study aimed to analyze the effect of five AMF species, namely, Acaulospora scrobiculata, Diversispora spurca, Glomus etunicatum, G. mosseae and G. versiforme on biomass production, chlorophyll contents, sugar fraction contents, and mineral element contents of walnut (Juglans regia L.) seedlings. The five AMF species colonized roots of walnut, established mycorrhizas in roots and hyphae in soil, and released easily extractable glomalin-related soil protein into soil, whilst D.

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AlZain, Mashail N., Abdulrahman A. AlAtar, Abdulaziz A. Alqarawi, et al. "The Influence of Mycorrhizal Fungi on the Accumulation of Sennosides A and B in Senna alexandrina and Senna italica." Separations 7, no. 4 (2020): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/separations7040065.

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Symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) play a major role in plant development, growth, and relationships with the environment through a change in the accumulation of secondary metabolites; hence, we planned to investigate AMF’s influence on sennoside A and B accumulation in Senna alexandrina (SA) and Senna italica (SI). Seeds of SA (S. alexandrina free of mycorrhizae) and SI (S. italica free of mycorrhizae) were planted in two types of soils: +mycorrhiza and—mycorrhiza. The plant leaves of SA, SI, S. alexandrina with mycorrhizae (SAM) and S. italica with mycorrhizae (SIM) were collected

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McGee, Peter, Greg Pattinson, and Anne-Laure Markovina. "Mycorrhizas and revegetation." Microbiology Australia 24, no. 3 (2003): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ma03332.

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Much of Australia has extremely impoverished soil. Phosphate is particularly deficient. The major difficulty in revegetating these soils after severe disturbance is that plant survival and growth is unpredictable. Mycorrhizas are associations between soilborne fungi and the roots of plants. Of particular interest are the arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) whose fungi form an internal colony in the roots of some 70% of all plant species. In AM, the fungi function as extensions of the root system, enabling the plant to increase uptake of non-labile minerals, especially phosphorus (P), from soil. The fun

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Meney, KA, KW Dixon, M. Scheltema, and JS Pate. "Occurrence of Vesicular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Dryland Species of Restionaceae and Cyperaceae From South-West Western Australia." Australian Journal of Botany 41, no. 6 (1993): 733. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt9930733.

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Species of Cyperaceae and Restionaceae were examined for presence of vesicular-arbuscular (VA) mycorrhizal fungi in natural habitat in south-west Western Australia. VA mycorrhizal fungi were detected in roots of two species of Cyperaceae (Lepidosperma gracile and Tetraria capillaris), and two species of Restionaceae (Alexgeorgea nitens and Lyginia barbata), all representing the first records for these genera. Results indicated a very short seasonal period of infection, with VA mycorrhizal fungi representing the genera Acaulospora, Glomus, Scutellospora and Gigaspora identified in roots. VA myc

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Asghari, Hamid Reza, and Timothy Richard Cavagnaro. "Arbuscular mycorrhizas enhance plant interception of leached nutrients." Functional Plant Biology 38, no. 3 (2011): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp10180.

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Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can increase plant growth and nutrition. However, their capacity to reduce the leaching of nutrients through the soil profile is less well understood. Here we present results of an experiment in which the effects of forming arbuscular mycorrhizas (AM) on plant growth and nutrition, nutrient depletion from soil, and nutrient leaching, were investigated in microcosms containing the grass Phalaris aquatica L. Mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal plants were grown in a mixture of riparian soil and sand under glasshouse conditions. The formation of AM by P. aquatica si

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Moreira, Samuel D., André C. França, Wellington W. Rocha, Evandro S. R. Tibães, and Eudes Neiva Júnior. "Inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi on the growth and tolerance to water deficit of coffee plants." Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental 22, no. 11 (2018): 747–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v22n11p747-752.

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ABSTRACT Water stress can be alleviated in plants inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi compared to that experienced by those without mycorrhizae. The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth of coffee plants colonized by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi under different soil moisture conditions. Seeds of the coffee cultivar Catuaí Vermelho IAC 99 and three fungal inoculants (Rhizophagus clarus, Claroideoglomus etunicatum and Dentiscutata heterogama) were used in this study. The soil moisture contents tested were 40, 60, 80, and 100% of field capacity. Seedlings in the matchstick s

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Merckx, Vincent, and Martin I. Bidartondo. "Breakdown and delayed cospeciation in the arbuscular mycorrhizal mutualism." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 275, no. 1638 (2008): 1029–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2007.1622.

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The ancient arbuscular mycorrhizal association between the vast majority of plants and the fungal phylum Glomeromycota is a dominant nutritional mutualism worldwide. In the mycorrhizal mutualism, plants exchange photosynthesized carbohydrates for mineral nutrients acquired by fungi from the soil. This widespread cooperative arrangement is broken by ‘cheater’ plant species that lack the ability to photosynthesize and thus become dependent upon three-partite linkages (cheater–fungus–photosynthetic plant). Using the first fine-level coevolutionary analysis of mycorrhizas, we show that extreme fid

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Massicotte, Hugues B., R. Larry Peterson, Lewis H. Melville, and Linda E. Tackaberry. "Hudsonia ericoides and Hudsonia tomentosa: Anatomy of mycorrhizas of two members in the Cistaceae from Eastern Canada." Botany 88, no. 6 (2010): 607–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b10-035.

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Most species in the family Cistaceae are found in the Mediterranean basin. Several hosts are of special interest, owing to their associations with truffle species, while many are important as pioneer plants in disturbed areas and in soil stabilization. For these reasons, understanding their root systems and their associated fungal symbionts is important. Most studies of the structure of mycorrhizas in this family involve two genera, Cistus and Helianthemum . The present study examines structural features of mycorrhizas in two North American species, Hudsonia ericoides L. and Hudsonia tomentosa

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Waring, Bonnie G., Maria G. Gei, Lisa Rosenthal, and Jennifer S. Powers. "Plant–microbe interactions along a gradient of soil fertility in tropical dry forest." Journal of Tropical Ecology 32, no. 4 (2016): 314–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467416000286.

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Abstract:Theoretical models predict that plant interactions with free-living soil microbes, pathogens and fungal symbionts are regulated by nutrient availability. Working along a steep natural gradient of soil fertility in a Costa Rican tropical dry forest, we examined how soil nutrients affect plant–microbe interactions using two complementary approaches. First, we measured mycorrhizal colonization of roots and soil P availability in 18 permanent plots spanning the soil fertility gradient. We measured root production, root colonization by mycorrhizal fungi, phosphatase activity and Bray P in

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Iwaniuk, Anna, and Janusz Błaszkowski. "Arbuscular fungi and mycorrhizae of agricultural soils of the Western Pomerania. Part I. Occurrence of arbuscular fungi and mycorrhizae." Acta Mycologica 39, no. 1 (2014): 65–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/am.2004.008.

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This paper presents results of three-year investigations on the occurrence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and arbuscular mycorrhizae of the phylum Glomeromycota in agricultural soils of the Western Pomerania, north-western Poland. The occurrence of these fungi was determined basing on soil-root mixtures collected from both the field and trap cultures.

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Francis, R., and D. J. Read. "Mutualism and antagonism in the mycorrhizal symbiosis, with special reference to impacts on plant community structure." Canadian Journal of Botany 73, S1 (1995): 1301–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b95-391.

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Examination of the roots of land plants has revealed the occurrence of mycorrhiza in the majority of species, over 70% of which are hosts to zygomycetous fungi that form vesicular–arbuscular (VA) associations. On the basis of experiments with a small number of host species showing enhancement of growth following colonization, it is widely assumed that wherever mycorrhizas are observed, the symbiosis is of the mutualistic type. The value of definitions based on structural rather than functional attributes is here brought into question by experiments simulating the ecologically realistic circums

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Aggarwal, Ashok, Nisha Kadian, Anju Tanwar, Alpa Yadav, and K. K. Gupta. "Role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in global sustainable development." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 3, no. 2 (2011): 340–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v3i2.211.

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Mycorrhizal symbiosis is a highly evolved mutually beneficial relationship that exists between Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) and most of the vascular plants. The majority of the terrestrial plants form association with Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhiza (VAM) or Arbuscular Mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). This symbiosis confers benefits directly to the host plant’s growth and development through the acquisition of Phosphorus (P) and other mineral nutrients from the soil by the AMF. In addition, their function ranges from stress alleviation to bioremediation in soils polluted with heavy metals. They

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Yeh, Chuan-Ming, KwiMi Chung, Chieh-Kai Liang, and Wen-Chieh Tsai. "New Insights into the Symbiotic Relationship between Orchids and Fungi." Applied Sciences 9, no. 3 (2019): 585. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9030585.

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Mycorrhizas play an important role in plant growth and development. In mycorrhizal symbioses, fungi supply soil mineral nutrients, such as nitrogen and phosphorus, to their host plants in exchange for carbon resources. Plants gain as much as 80% of mineral nutrient requirements from mycorrhizal fungi, which form associations with the roots of over 90% of all plant species. Orchid seeds lack endosperms and contain very limited storage reserves. Therefore, the symbiosis with mycorrhizal fungi that form endomycorrhizas is essential for orchid seed germination and protocorm development under natur

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Read, David J., Jonathan R. Leake, and Jesus Perez-Moreno. "Mycorrhizal fungi as drivers of ecosystem processes in heathland and boreal forest biomes." Canadian Journal of Botany 82, no. 8 (2004): 1243–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b04-123.

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The importance of mycorrhizas in heathland and boreal forest biomes, which together cover much of the landmass of the Northern Hemisphere and store most of the global stocks of carbon, is reviewed. The taxonomic affinities of the organisms forming these symbiotic partnerships are assessed, and the distinctive structural features of the ericoid mycorrhizas of heathland dwarf shrubs and the ectomycorrhizas of boreal forest trees are described. It is stressed that neither in terms of the geographical distribution of the plants nor in terms of the occurrence of their characteristic mycorrhizas in

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Braunberger, P. G., L. K. Abbott, and A. D. Robson. "Early vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal colonisation in soil collected from an annual clover-based pasture in a Mediterranean environment: soil temperature and the timing of autumn rains." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 48, no. 1 (1997): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/a96049.

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The results of 2 experiments investigating the early stages of the formation of vesicular- arbuscular (VA) mycorrhizas in response to both soil temperature and the timing of autumn rains are reported for a Mediterranean environment in the south-west of Western Australia. In Expt 1, treatments including an early break, a late break, and a false break followed by a late break were applied to a mixed and sieved field soil collected dry in the summer and placed in pots in a glasshouse. In each break, pots were watered to field capacity and planted with subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum)

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Błaszkowski, Janusz. "Comparative studies of the occurrence of arbuscular fungi and mycorrhizae (Glomales) in cultivated and uncultivated soils of Poland." Acta Mycologica 28, no. 1 (2014): 93–140. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/am.1993.013.

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This paper presents results of 6-year studies on the occurrence of arbuscular fungi and mycorrhizae in cultivated and uncultivated soils of Poland. The comparisons include the include of spore and species densi-lies. and the levels of mycorrhizal colonization. The relationship between the occurrence of arbuscular fungi and mycorrhizae and soil chemical properties was assessed based on analysis of correlation. The distribution of the fungal species found both in Poland and in the world is presented.

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Dalpé, Yolande, and Susan G. Aiken. "Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated with Festuca species in the Canadian High Arctic." Canadian Journal of Botany 76, no. 11 (1998): 1930–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b98-165.

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Root and soil samples from 13 collecting sites located in the Canadian High Arctic were harvested between July 18 and 29, 1991, and surveyed for root colonization and spore populations of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Grasses of the genus Festuca (Festuca brachyphylla Schult. & Schult., Festuca baffinensis Polunin, and Festuca hyperborea Holmen ex Frederiksen) served as target plants. Of the 197 plant-root systems and soil rhizospheres examined, 28% were associated with arbuscular mycorrhizae. Roots of both F. brachyphylla andF. baffinensis were colonized, while none were detected in F. hy

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Gehring, Catherine A., Michaela Hayer, Lluvia Flores-Rentería, Andrew F. Krohn, Egbert Schwartz, and Paul Dijkstra. "Cheatgrass invasion alters the abundance and composition of dark septate fungal communities in sagebrush steppe." Botany 94, no. 6 (2016): 481–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjb-2015-0237.

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Invasive, non-native plant species can alter soil microbial communities in ways that contribute to their persistence. While most studies emphasize mycorrhizal fungi, invasive plants also may influence communities of dark septate fungi (DSF), which are common root endophytes that can function like mycorrhizas. We tested the hypothesis that a widespread invasive plant in the western United States, cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum L.), influenced the abundance and community composition of DSF by examining the roots and rhizosphere soils of cheatgrass and two native plant species in cheatgrass-invaded

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Frank, J. L., S. Anglin, E. M. Carrington, D. S. Taylor, B. Viratos, and D. Southworth. "Rodent dispersal of fungal spores promotes seedling establishment away from mycorrhizal networks on Quercus garryana." Botany 87, no. 9 (2009): 821–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b09-044.

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With global warming and the possible decline of conifers, more habitat may be available to oaks, particularly at higher elevations and more northerly latitudes. Whether oaks expand into new habitats will depend on their ability to disperse and establish at the margins of existing woodlands. Because oaks have a symbiotic relationship with ectomycorrhizal fungi, range expansion requires dispersal of both symbionts: the acorns and the mycorrhizal inoculum. Little is known of this dual dispersal. Here we assess the availability of ectomycorrhizal inoculum as a function of the distance from mature

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Jamiołkowska, Agnieszka, and Władysław Michałek. "EFFECT OF MYCORRHIZA INOCULATION OF PEPPER SEEDLINGS (Capsicum annuum L.) ON THE GROWTH AND PROTECTION AGAINST Fusarium oxysporum INFECTION." Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus 18, no. 1 (2019): 161–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.24326/asphc.2019.1.16.

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A study was conducted to investigate the ability of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in enhancing the growth and control of a root rot caused by different isolates of Fusarium oxysporum in sweet pepper seedlings. The plants were grown in plastic pots filled with sterilized horticultural soils. There were four treatments applied as follows: Fo (seedlings infected with fungus), M (seedlings inoculated with mycorrhizal fungi), Fo + M (seedlings inoculated with mycorrhiza and infected with fungus) and control. A randomized experiment was used and the growth, disease index, and photosynthetic act

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Graham, James H., and James P. Syvertsen. "Do Mycorrhizae Influence the Drought Tolerance of Citrus?" Journal of Environmental Horticulture 5, no. 1 (1987): 37–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-5.1.37.

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The benefits of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi for increasing drought tolerance have been demonstrated under nutrient-limiting conditions, particularly in low phosphorus (P) soils. Horticultural plants grown in soilless media, under greenhouse fertilizer regimes, are usually non-mycorrhizal, but have optimum P and the desired size and nutritional characteristics available when transplanted. Since plant nutrition can influence responses to environmental stress, potential benefits of VAM fungi for reducing transplant stress, such as drought, should be evaluated where growth and nut

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Coughlan, Andrew P., Yolande Dalpé, Line Lapointe, and Yves Piché. "Soil pH-induced changes in root colonization, diversity, and reproduction of symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi from healthy and declining maple forests." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 30, no. 10 (2000): 1543–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x00-090.

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Acer saccharum Marsh. (sugar maple) is one of only few arbuscular mycorrhizal trees to form extensive stands in northern temperate biomes. Recent maple decline could result from altered intensity and quality of root colonization by associated mycobionts or possible shifts in symbiotic fungal community composition following environmental stresses. In this study the effects on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi of soil acidification, one of several proposed causal stresses underlying forest decline, and remedial liming were investigated under glasshouse conditions. Acer saccharum seedlings were grown

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Amaranthus, M. P., and D. A. Perry. "Effect of soil transfer on ectomycorrhiza formation and the survival and growth of conifer seedlings on old, nonreforested clear-cuts." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 17, no. 8 (1987): 944–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x87-147.

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Small amounts (150 mL) of soil from established conifer plantations and mature forest were transferred to planting holes on three clear-cuts in southwest Oregon and northern California to enhance mycorrihiza formation. The clear-cuts, 8–27 years old and unsuccessfully reforested, included a range of environmental conditions. At Cedar Camp, a high-elevation (1720 m) southerly slope with sandy soil, transfer of plantation soils increased 1st-year Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) seedling survival by 50%. Notably, soil from a plantation on a previously burned clear-cut doubled my

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Plenchette, C., R. Perrin, and P. Duvert. "The concept of soil infectivity and a method for its determination as applied to Endomycorrhizas." Canadian Journal of Botany 67, no. 1 (1989): 112–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b89-016.

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The concept of soil infectivity, widely used for soil-borne plant pathogens, is applied to the fungi forming vesicular–arbuscular endomycorrhizae. The authors propose a method for the determination of the mycorrhizal soil infectivity (MSI) using leek, a highly mycotrophic plant, for the bioassays. Under controlled conditions, populations of leek plants are grown in a range of concentrations of a natural soil mixed with autoclaved volumes of the same soil. The relationship between the percentage of plants forming mycorrhizae and the soil concentration is used as the basis for the determination

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Read, D. J. "Mycorrhizas and nutrient cycling in sand dune ecosystems." Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. Section B. Biological Sciences 96 (1989): 89–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269727000010873.

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SynopsisThe extent of occurrence, the form and the function of mycorrhizal infection are shown to change with successional development across coastal sand dune systems. The interrelationships between these changes and the prevailing physico-chemical conditions are explored and clear patterns are recognised in terms of both type and function of the infection. The periodically disturbed and nutritionally enriched high tide line is colonised by non-mycorrhizal ruderal species. There follows a sequence of plant communities, each characterised by the presence of a dominant mycorrhizal type and a di

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Gladish, Sandra, Jonathan Frank, and Darlene Southworth. "The serpentine syndrome below ground: ectomycorrhizas and hypogeous fungi associated with conifers." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 40, no. 8 (2010): 1671–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x10-092.

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Serpentine soils select for unique plant communities, often with sparse vegetation. Mycorrhizal fungi mediate the interaction between plants and soils, yet little is known about the mycorrhizal fungi of serpentine-tolerant plants. Ectomycorrhizas and hypogeous fungal sporocarps were sampled on paired serpentine and nonserpentine soils in southwestern Oregon. We hypothesized that conifers on serpentine soils would have fewer species of mycorrhizal fungi, a distinct assemblage of ectomycorrhizal fungi, and fewer hypogeous sporocarps with less species richness. Sporocarps were sampled and soil co

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Dahlberg, Anders, Lena Jonsson, and Jan-Erik Nylund. "Species diversity and distribution of biomass above and below ground among ectomycorrhizal fungi in an old-growth Norway spruce forest in south Sweden." Canadian Journal of Botany 75, no. 8 (1997): 1323–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b97-844.

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The structure of an ectomycorrhizal community was assessed on a 100-m2 plot in a 100-year-old, oligotrophic Norway spruce, Picea abies (L.) Karst., forest in southern Sweden. During the 6-year study (1986–1992) sporocarps were identified and their biomass determined. Late in the fall of 1993, we identified mycorrhizas and estimated their abundance. Forty-eight epigeous, ectomycorrhizal taxa were identified based on the examination of sporocarps. Hygrophorus olivaceoalbus (Fr.:Fr.) Fr. and six species of Cortinarius, i.e., C. acutus (Pers.:Fr.) Fr., C. brunneus (Pers.:Fr.) Fr., C. evernius (Fr.

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Sufaati, Supeni, and Rr Evi D. Aryuni. "Peranan Fungi Mikoriza Arbuskular (FMA) dan Serasah Daun Gamal (Gliricidia sepium L.) terhadap Pertumbuhan Bawang Merah (Allium cepa L.) pada Tanah Podzolik Merah Kuning." JURNAL BIOLOGI PAPUA 1, no. 1 (2018): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.31957/jbp.565.

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The aim of study was to know the effect of Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Fungi (AMF), Glomus mosseae on the growth of onion Allium cepa L. on red-yellow podzolic soils. Completely Randomized Design (CRD) factorial with 10 replicates was used in this experiment. The first factor was mycorrhizae, with two level: without inoculation as a control (M0); 10 gram inoculation = M1). The second factorwas leaf litter of gamal Gliricidia sepium L. species wich were no litter as S0; 5 gram litter = S1; S2 was 10 gram of litter; and 20 grams of loitter in one kilogram of soil separately. Parameters used in this st

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Teranishi, Taisuke, and Yoshihro Kobae. "Investigation of Indigenous Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Performance Using a Lotus japonicus Mycorrhizal Mutant." Plants 9, no. 5 (2020): 658. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9050658.

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Most plants are usually colonized with arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF) in the fields. AMF absorb mineral nutrients, especially phosphate, from the soil and transfer them to the host plants. Inoculation with exotic AMF is thought to be effective when indigenous AMF performance is low; however, there is no method for evaluating the performance of indigenous AMF. In this study, we developed a method to investigate the performance of indigenous AMF in promoting plant growth. As Lotus japonicus mutant (str) that are unable to form functional mycorrhizal roots were considered to be symbiosis negat

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