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Journal articles on the topic 'Mycorrhize'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 7 February 2022

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1

Valdes, María. "Aspectos ecofisiológicos de las micorrizas." Botanical Sciences, no. 49 (April 10, 2017): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.17129/botsci.1363.

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Mycorrhiza is the part of the roots infected with particular soil fungi. This type of association is formed by most of the plants. There are several types of mycorrhizae; this short review is concerned only with Ectomycorrhiza (EM) and the Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhiza (VAM). These two types are the most common in nature. EM has a compact fungus mantle over the root surface and intercellular hypha in the cortex; the V AM has a loose network of hyphae in the soil surrounding the root and hyphal growth within the cortical cells. Mycorrhizas increase nutrient uptake and hence plant growth. Sinc

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2

Majewski, Tomasz, and Irena Majchrowicz. "Professor Tadeusz Dominik (1909-1980)." Acta Mycologica 22, no. 1 (2014): 53–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/am.1986.006.

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3

Ruotsalainen, Anna Liisa, and Sami Aikio. "Mycorrhizal inoculum and performance of nonmycorrhizal Carex bigelowii and mycorrhizal Trientalis europaea." Canadian Journal of Botany 82, no. 4 (2004): 443–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b04-011.

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We studied the competition between mycorrhiza-forming Trientalis europaea L. and nonmycorrhizal Carex bigelowii Torrey ex Schweinitz in a climate chamber experiment. The plants were grown either singly or together with a conspecific or heterospecific individual, with arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculum present or absent. Inoculated T. euro paea formed abundant arbuscular mycorrhizal structures, but the mycorrhizae did not affect its biomass or the whole plant's relative growth rate (RGR). Carex bigelowii did not form mycorrhizae, but its shoot biomass and RGR were lower in the inoculated pots. The

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4

Perry, D. A., R. Molina, and M. P. Amaranthus. "Mycorrhizae, mycorrhizospheres, and reforestation: current knowledge and research needs." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 17, no. 8 (1987): 929–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x87-145.

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Although not a panacea, management of mycorrhizae and associated organisms is an important reforestation aid. Its three major components are protection of the indigenous soil community and evaluation of inoculation needs, integration of inoculation programs into existing reforestation technology, and research. Clear-cutting frequently results in reduced mycorrhizae formation, particularly when reforestation is delayed and no other host plants are present to maintain fungal populations. Implications of such reductions for reforestation vary with environmental factors and tree species. Adequate

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5

Phavaphutanon, Lop, and Fred T. Davies. "435 PB 206 EFFECT OF MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI AND PHOSPHORUS ON GROWTH AND NUTRIENT UPTAKE OF NEEM TREE SEEDLINGS (AZADIRACHTA INDICA A. JUSS)." HortScience 29, no. 5 (1994): 493e—493. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.5.493e.

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Growth and nutrient content of neem tree seedlings (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) were studied in response to the mycorrhial fungi Glomus intraradices Schenck & Smith and Long Ashton Nutrient Solution (LANS) modified to supply phosphorus (P) at 0.65 and 1.30 mM P. Three months after inoculation, an extensive mycorrhizal colonization was observed in mycorrhizal plants at both P levels. Shoot growth of mycorrhizal plants was similar at both P levels while the growth of nonmycorrhizal plants increased with increasing P supply. Mycorrhizal plants had greater leaf area, shoot dry weight and root

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6

Tammi, Hanna, Sari Timonen, and Robin Sen. "Spatiotemporal colonization of Scots pine roots by introduced and indigenous ectomycorrhizal fungi in forest humus and nursery Sphagnum peat microcosms." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 31, no. 5 (2001): 746–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x01-011.

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Mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) seedling combinations were grown in two-dimensional Perspex® microcosms containing forest humus or nursery Sphagnum peat, without additional fertilization. Spatial and temporal patterns of mycorrhizal fungal colonization of roots were assessed over a 3-month period, through visual morphotyping and polymerase chain reaction assisted rDNA fingerprinting of developed mycorrhizas. Six distinct morphotypes of mycorrhiza developed on non-mycorrhizal seedlings grown in forest humus. Three of the morphotypes (white1-, black-, and brown-t

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7

Moora, Mari, and Martin Zobel. "Can arbuscular mycorrhiza change the effect of root competition between conspecific plants of different ages?" Canadian Journal of Botany 76, no. 4 (1998): 613–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b98-037.

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Seedlings and adults of Hypericum perforatum L., common St. John's wort, were grown together in an experiment of factorial design, where the presence of root competition and arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculation were used as treatments. There was moderate shoot competition, the intensity of which was not manipulated. To check the response of plants to arbuscular mycorrhiza in noncompetitive conditions, adults and seedlings were also grown singly in pots. Single individuals of seedlings and adults responded positively to mycorrhizal inoculation, with the response of seedlings significantly greater

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8

Vidal, M. T., C. Azcón-Aguilar, J. M. Barea, and F. Pliego-Alfaro. "Mycorrhizal Inoculation Enhances Growth and Development of Micropropagated Plants of Avocado." HortScience 27, no. 7 (1992): 785–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.27.7.785.

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Micropropagated plantlets of avocado (Persea americana Mill.) exhibit a very slow rate of growth during the acclimatization phase, possibly because mycorrhizae are absent. Inoculation of plantlets with the vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus fasciculatum (Thaxter sensu Gerd) Gerd and Trappe improved formation of a well-developed root system that was converted into a mycorrhizal system. Introduction of the mycorrhizal fungus at the time plantlets were transferred from axenic conditions to ex vitro conditions improved shoot and root growth; enhanced the shoot: root ratio; increased th

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9

Dalpé, Y. "Mycorrhizal fungi biodiversity in Canadian soils." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 83, Special Issue (2003): 321–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/s01-067.

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The term "mycorrhiza" refers to the mutualistic symbiosis between fungi and the roots of a vast majority of vascular plants, distributed over almost any ecosystem. The fungal symbionts, primarily recognized for their beneficial impact on plant growth and plant protection, are integral components of soil ecosystems and as such, play an active role in improving plant productivity and diversity, soil microflora and microfauna diversity, and soil quality. Classified among major groups of true fungi, the study of their biodiversity and distribution has been explored for only a few decades. Major em

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10

Schroeder-Moreno, Michelle S., and David P. Janos. "Intra- and inter-specific density affects plant growth responses to arbuscular mycorrhizas." Botany 86, no. 10 (2008): 1180–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b08-080.

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Arbuscular mycorrhizas can alter competitive interactions between plants that markedly differ in their dependence upon mycorrhizas, but little is known about how mycorrhizas affect intra- and inter-specific competition between similarly dependent plant species. We conducted competition experiments in pots between all pairs of the similarly facultatively mycotrophic crop species, chili ( Capsicum annuum L.), maize ( Zea mays L.), and zucchini ( Cucurbita pepo L.). We used a two-species yield-density model to analyze the separate effects of mycorrhizal inoculation, intra-, and inter-specific den

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Ramakrishnan, K., and G. Bhuvaneswari. "Influence on Different Types of Mycorrhizal Fungi on Crop Productivity in Ecosystem." International Letters of Natural Sciences 38 (May 2015): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilns.38.9.

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Mycorrhizal fungi greatly enhanced the ability of plants to take up phosphorus and other nutrients those are relatively immobile and exist in low concentration in the soil solution. Fungi can be important in the uptake of other nutrients by the host plant. Mycorrhizae establish symbiotic relationships with plants and play an essential role in plant growth, disease protection, and overall soil quality. Of the seven types of mycorrhizae described in current scientific literature (arbuscular, ecto, ectendo, arbutoid, monotropoid, ericoid and orchidaceous mycorrhizae), the arbuscular and ectomycor

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12

AlZain, Mashail N., Abdulrahman A. AlAtar, Abdulaziz A. Alqarawi, et al. "The Influence of Mycorrhizal Fungi on the Accumulation of Sennosides A and B in Senna alexandrina and Senna italica." Separations 7, no. 4 (2020): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/separations7040065.

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Symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) play a major role in plant development, growth, and relationships with the environment through a change in the accumulation of secondary metabolites; hence, we planned to investigate AMF’s influence on sennoside A and B accumulation in Senna alexandrina (SA) and Senna italica (SI). Seeds of SA (S. alexandrina free of mycorrhizae) and SI (S. italica free of mycorrhizae) were planted in two types of soils: +mycorrhiza and—mycorrhiza. The plant leaves of SA, SI, S. alexandrina with mycorrhizae (SAM) and S. italica with mycorrhizae (SIM) were collected

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13

Unrug, Juliusz, and Katarzyna Turnau. "Mycorrhiza of Dryopteris carthusiana in southern Poland." Acta Mycologica 34, no. 2 (2014): 305–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/am.1999.020.

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The research on mycorrhiza of <i>Dryopteris carthusiana</i> from natural sites and those contaminated by heavy metals (Niepołomice Forest), both on lowlands and mountainous areas in Poland, was carried out. Mycorrhizal colonization of <i>Arum</i>-type was higher in ferns growing on tree stumps than in specimens developing directly on the soil. Additionally, an increase in mycorrhiza intensity and arbuscular richness with the rising ground humidity was observed. In comparison to natural sites, mycorrhizas from the areas contaminated by heavy metals were much less develop

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14

Linderman, R. G., and E. A. Davis. "Arbuscular Mycorrhiza and Growth Responses of Several Ornamental Plants Grown in Soilless Peat-based Medium Amended with Coconut Dust (Coir)." HortTechnology 13, no. 3 (2003): 482–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.13.3.0482.

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Coconut fiber dust (coir) is being used as a peat substitute or amendment to potting mixes with varied results. However, its microbial composition and compatibility with beneficial microbes that might be added to growth media in the nursery, such as mycorrhizal fungi, has not been determined. In this study, coir was amended to a peat-based medium (15%, 30%, 45%, and 60% by volume) to determine its effects on growth of several ornamental plants and on the formation and function of the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus Glomus intraradices. Mycorrhizae formed as well, and usually better, in all

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15

Vaidya, Geeta Shrestha, and Nabin Bhattarai. "EFFICACY OF INVASIVE GREEN MANURES AND MYCORRHIZA ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF DIFFERENT LEGUMES CROPS AND STUDY THEIR ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTIES." Scientific World 12, no. 12 (2015): 65–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/sw.v12i12.13600.

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Application of the invasive green manure (locally available Lantana camara, Eupatorium adenophorum) is an essential means to maintain soil fertility, soil structure and stimulate biological activities extensively. In this present study field trial of Lentil and Rajma were conducted in Kosebali Divison of Rampur, Chitwan district. Mycorrhiza was isolated from agricultural soil by sugar decantation method and mass production with the help of onion plant. Leaves of Lantana camara and Eupatorium adenophorum were collected and shed dried and grinded on powdered form. The treatments with green manur

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16

Sukri, M. Zayin, Refa Firgiyanto, Vega Kartika Sari, and Basuki Basuki. "Kombinasi Pupuk Kandang Sapi, Asam Humat Dan Mikoriza Terhadap Infeksi Akar Bermikoriza Tanaman Cabai Dan Ketersediaan Unsur Hara Tanah Udipsamments." Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Terapan 19, no. 2 (2020): 142. http://dx.doi.org/10.25181/jppt.v19i2.1450.

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This research is an experimental study that aims to examine the combination of cattle manure, humic acid, and mycorrhizae to increase mycorrhizal infections in the roots of chili plants in the Udipsamments soil in Puger District, Jember Regency, which was carried out in May-November 2018. The research design used was a factorial complete randomized block design with 3 factors that were repeated 3 times. The first factor is cattle manure (0 tons / ha, 10 tons / ha, 20 tons / ha), the second factor is humic acid (0 ppm / ha, 200 ppm / ha), and the third factor is mycorrhiza (0 g / plant , 30 g /

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17

Gagnon, J., C. G. Langlois, and J. A. Fortin. "Growth of containerized jack pine seedlings inoculated with different ectomycorrhizal fungi under a controlled fertilization schedule." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 17, no. 8 (1987): 840–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x87-133.

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Containerized jack pine (Pinusbanksiana Lamb.) seedlings were grown in a peat moss – vermiculite substrate and inoculated at sowing with pure cultures of three ectomycorrhizal fungi. After 18 weeks of growth in the greenhouse, seedlings inoculated with Laccariabicolor had 97% of their short roots mycorrhizal, while those inoculated with Hebelomacylindrosporum had 36% of their rootlets mycorrhizal. No mycorrhizae were obtained with Rhizopogon sp. After both 12 and 18 weeks of growth with the fertilization schedule used, seedlings colonized with L. bicolor and H. cylindrosporum were significantl

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18

Rieger, Andreas, Martin Guttenberger, and Rüdiger Hampp. "Soluble Carbohydrates in Mycorrhized and Non-Mycorrhized Fine Roots of Spruce Seedlings." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 47, no. 3-4 (1992): 201–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-1992-3-406.

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Abstract We present results on the compartmentation of carbohydrates such as sucrose, glucose, fructose, and mannose in different parts of an ectomycorrhiza established between Picea abies and Amanita muscaria and compare it with non-mycorrhized fine roots. Lyophilized mycorrhizas and fine roots (< 2 mm length) were dissected into about 0.5 mm thick slices which represent 4 zones of different physiological functions. The total amount of the analyzed carbohydrates was about 30% higher in non-mycorrhized (n-myc) compared to mycorrhized (myc) fine roots, with sucrose being the dominating sugar

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19

Münzenberger, B., T. Otter, A. Polle, and D. Wüstrich. "Peroxidase and laccase activities in mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal fine roots of Norway spruce (Picea abies) and larch (Larix decidua)." Canadian Journal of Botany 75, no. 6 (1997): 932–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b97-103.

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Peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.7) and laccase (EC 1.10.3.1) activities were determined in mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal main and lateral roots of Picea abies (L.) Karst. (Norway spruce) and Larix decidua Mill, (larch) and in mycelia of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Laccaria amethystea (Bull.) Murr. grown under axenic conditions. Peroxidase isozyme patterns were identified after isoelectric focussing. In both tree species, mycorrhizae contained the lowest, and laterals of noninoculated plants the highest, peroxidase activities. Pure mycelia of Laccaria amethystea contained considerable laccase activity b

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20

Snetselaar, Karen M., and Kenneth D. Whitney. "Fungal calcium oxalate in mycorrhizae of Monotropa uniflora." Canadian Journal of Botany 68, no. 3 (1990): 533–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b90-074.

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Monotropa uniflora is an achlorophyllous angiosperm that is obligately mycotrophic. The "monotropoid" mycorrhizae it forms resemble ectomycorrhizae but are distinguished by elaborations of the epidermal cell walls that surround intruding fungal hyphae. Monotropoid mycorrhizae collected from blooming plants in late summer contained calcium oxalate crystals between mantle hyphae. The crystals appeared to form in association with hyphal walls and grew into a matrix outside the hyphae. Production of calcium oxalate by M. uniflora's mycobiont seems to be a coordinated metabolic process rather than

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21

Geil, R. D., and F. C. Guinel. "Effects of elevated substrateethylene on colonization of leek (Allium porrum) by the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus aggregatum." Canadian Journal of Botany 80, no. 2 (2002): 114–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b01-135.

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There are very few studies of hormonal regulation of arbuscular mycorrhiza formation that include the gaseous hormone ethylene. Ethylene is considered inhibitory to the formation of arbuscular mycorrhizae; however, very low concentrations may promote their formation. We used an improved method of exogenous ethylene application to determine whether ethylene concentration dependent changes in colonization occur in the leek (Allium porrum L. cv. Giant Musselburgh) Glomus aggregatum Schenck & Smith emend. Koske system. This improved method allowed for a continuous flow of constant concentrat

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22

Gianinazzi-Pearson, Vivienne, Armelle Gollotte, Benoit Tisserant, et al. "Cellular and molecular approaches in the characterization of symbiotic events in functional arbuscular mycorrhizal associations." Canadian Journal of Botany 73, S1 (1995): 526–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b95-292.

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Arbuscular mycorrhizas represent the most widespread, and probably most ancient, type of plant–fungus association in which the large majority of terrestrial plants must have evolved with compatibility systems towards the fungal symbionts. Cellular interactions leading to reciprocal morphofunctional integration between symbionts during mycorrhiza establishment are complex. Some plant genes and cellular events may be shared with nodulation processes, but there is evidence of molecular modifications specific to arbuscular mycorrhiza formation. Plant defence responses, which are normally weakly ac

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Adams, Felicity, Paul Reddell, Michael J. Webb, and Warren A. Shipton. "Arbuscular mycorrhizas and ectomycorrhizas on Eucalyptus grandis (Myrtaceae) trees and seedlings in native forests of tropical north-eastern Australia." Australian Journal of Botany 54, no. 3 (2006): 271. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt05028.

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Eucalypts have been shown to form both arbuscular mycorrhizas (AM) and ectomycorrhizas (ECM) in glasshouse experiments. Little is known, however, about the relative dominance of these two mycorrhiza types on individual eucalypt species across their natural range. This study examined mycorrhizal colonisation levels of Eucalyptus grandis Hill ex Maiden roots at 29 sites representing a broad range of wet sclerophyll forest types in the wet tropics of north-eastern Australia. Adult E. grandis trees sampled in situ were invariably heavily ectomycorrhizal, with 76–100% fine root length colonised (%

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Berliner, Ruhama, and John G. Torrey. "Studies on mycorrhizal associations in Harvard Forest, Massachusetts." Canadian Journal of Botany 67, no. 8 (1989): 2245–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b89-287.

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An estimate was made of the abundance of different types of mycorrhizal associations in two plant communities of conifers and hardwoods in the Harvard Forest. Lists of plant species, the coverage of their foliage in the canopy and understorey layers, and the types of mycorrhizal associations for 45 species common in these communities are presented. Of the species examined, 91 % were mycorrhizal, representing most of the known major types, viz. ectomycorrhiza, vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhiza (VAM), ericoid, and monotropoid mycorrhiza. Of the 45 species studied, 22% of the species showed ectomyc

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Jones, Melanie D., and Sally E. Smith. "Exploring functional definitions of mycorrhizas: Are mycorrhizas always mutualisms?" Canadian Journal of Botany 82, no. 8 (2004): 1089–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b04-110.

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Mycorrhizas are considered to be classic mutualisms. Here, we define mutualism as a reciprocal increase in fitness of the symbionts, and we review the evidence for mycorrhizal mutualism at the community, whole-plant, and cellular scales. It is difficult to use results of most mycorrhizal studies because (i) fungal contribution to nutrient uptake is not accurately estimated, (ii) increased growth is not necessarily correlated with increased plant fecundity or survival, especially in communities, and (iii) benefits that occur only at certain times of year, or under specific extreme conditions, m

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DERE, Sultan, Ayse COBAN, Yelderem AKHOUNDNEJAD, Suleyman OZSOY, and Hayriye Yildiz DASGAN. "Use of Mycorrhiza to Reduce Mineral Fertilizers in Soilless Melon (Cucumis melo L.) Cultivation." Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 47, no. 4 (2019): 1331–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nbha47411738.

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Intensive use of mineral fertilizers in soilless growing systems can have adverse effects on the environment and human health and could be economically expensive. Aim of this study was whether it can be reduced mineral nutrients in soilless grown melon by using mycorrhizae inoculation. The experiment has been carried out in the early spring growing period in a greenhouse in the Mediterranean climate. The eight treatments have been applied: (1) 100% Full nutrition (control), (2) 100% Full nutrition+mycorrhiza, (3) 80% nutrition, (4) 80% nutrition+mycorrhiza (5) 60% nutrition (6) 60% nutrition+m

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Perotto, Silvia, Renato Peretto, Antonella Faccio, Andrea Schubert, Paola Bonfante, and Ajit Varma. "Ericoid mycorrhizal fungi: cellular and molecular bases of their interactions with the host plant." Canadian Journal of Botany 73, S1 (1995): 557–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b95-296.

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A number of soil-borne fungi are able to form typical ericoid mycorrhizae with plants belonging to Ericales. Together with Hymenoscyphus ericae, the first isolate from roots of ericaceous plants, other fungal species belonging to the genus Oidiodendron and many sterile mycelia have been recognized as mycorrhizal by several authors. A high genetic diversity was even found when a population of ericoid mycorrhizal fungi isolated from a single plant of Calluna vulgaris was analysed with morphological and molecular techniques. Ericoid fungi have a relevant saprotrophic potential, as they can degrad

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Kottke, Ingrid, Juan Pablo Suárez, Paulo Herrera, et al. "Atractiellomycetes belonging to the ‘rust’ lineage (Pucciniomycotina) form mycorrhizae with terrestrial and epiphytic neotropical orchids." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 277, no. 1685 (2009): 1289–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2009.1884.

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Distinctive groups of fungi are involved in the diverse mycorrhizal associations of land plants. All previously known mycorrhiza-forming Basidiomycota associated with trees, ericads, liverworts or orchids are hosted in Agaricomycetes, Agaricomycotina. Here we demonstrate for the first time that Atractiellomycetes, members of the ‘rust’ lineage (Pucciniomycotina), are mycobionts of orchids. The mycobionts of 103 terrestrial and epiphytic orchid individuals, sampled in the tropical mountain rainforest of Southern Ecuador, were identified by sequencing the whole ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region and part of

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Gomes, Bárbara, Fábio Castro, Rita Santos, et al. "Effect of Quercetin on Mycorrhizal Synthesis between Tuberborchii and Arbutusunedo L. In Vitro Plants." Microbiology Research 12, no. 1 (2021): 69–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microbiolres12010007.

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Arbutus unedo L. is a Mediterranean species used for fruit production; it is tolerant to drought and shows regeneration ability following forest fires. Mycorrhizal plants with Tuber borchii add resilience and value. This study aims to test the effect of quercetin on mycorrhizal synthesis between T. borchii and A. unedo. Two genotypes selected for fruit production and hydric stress tolerance, were micropropagated for mycorrhizal synthesis, accomplished during ex vitro rooting in perlite, using lyophilized spores of T. borchii suspended in culture media with different quercetin levels (0–10 µM).

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Doré, Jeanne, Roland Marmeisse, Jean-Philippe Combier, and Gilles Gay. "A Fungal Conserved Gene from the Basidiomycete Hebeloma cylindrosporum Is Essential for Efficient Ectomycorrhiza Formation." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 27, no. 10 (2014): 1059–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-03-14-0087-r.

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We used Agrobacterium-mediated insertional mutagenesis to identify genes in the ectomycorrhizal fungus Hebeloma cylindrosporum that are essential for efficient mycorrhiza formation. One of the mutants presented a dramatically reduced ability to form ectomycorrhizas when grown in the presence of Pinus pinaster. It failed to form mycorrhizas in the presence of glucose at 0.5 g liter–1, a condition favorable for mycorrhiza formation by the wild-type strain. However, it formed few mycorrhizas when glucose was replaced by fructose or when glucose concentration was increased to 1 g liter–1. Scanning

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Cavagnaro, Timothy R., Shannon K. Sokolow, and Louise E. Jackson. "Mycorrhizal effects on growth and nutrition of tomato under elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide." Functional Plant Biology 34, no. 8 (2007): 730. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp06340.

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Arbuscular mycorrhizas are predicted to be important in defining plant responses to elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations. A mycorrhiza-defective tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) mutant with reduced mycorrhizal colonisation (rmc) and its mycorrhizal wild-type progenitor (76R MYC+) were grown under ambient and elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations (eCO2) in a controlled environment chamber-based pot study. Plant growth, nutrient contents and mycorrhizal colonisation were measured four times over a 72-day period. The 76R MYC+ plants generally had higher concentrations of P, N and Zn than the

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Miller, R. M., B. A. D. Hetrick, and G. W. T. Wilson. "Mycorrhizal fungi affect root stele tissue in grasses." Canadian Journal of Botany 75, no. 10 (1997): 1778–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b97-892.

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Although arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis was initially believed to have little or no impact on root morphology, we now recognize that subtle changes do occur and that these changes may be of considerable consequence to host growth and nutrition, as well as functional growth strategy. In examining the stele and root diameters of C3 and C4 grasses, C4 grasses were demonstrated to have a significantly larger proportion of their fibrous roots occupied by stele tissue than do C3 grasses. In fact, functional growth strategy (C3 versus C4) was observed to be a relatively good predictor of stele area

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Korhonen, Anna, Tarja Lehto, Jaakko Heinonen, and Tapani Repo. "Whole-plant frost hardiness of mycorrhizal (Hebeloma sp. or Suillus luteus) and non-mycorrhizal Scots pine seedlings." Tree Physiology 39, no. 6 (2018): 951–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tpy105.

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Abstract Ectomycorrhizal trees are common in the cold regions of the world, yet the role of the mycorrhizal symbiosis in plant cold tolerance is poorly known. Moreover, the standard methods for testing plant frost hardiness may not be adequate for roots and mycorrhizas. The aims of this study were to compare the frost hardiness of mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) seedlings and to test the use of reverse-flow root hydraulic conductance (Kr) measurement for root frost hardiness determination. Mycorrhizal (Hebeloma sp. or Suillus luteus) and non-mycorrhizal seedlin

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Nilsson, Marie-Charlotte, Peter Högberg, Olle Zackrisson, and Wang Fengyou. "Allelopathic effects by Empetrum hermaphroditum on development and nitrogen uptake by roots and mycorrhizae of Pinus silvestris." Canadian Journal of Botany 71, no. 4 (1993): 620–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b93-071.

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Fennoscandian plant communities dominated by the evergreen dwarf shrub Empetrum hermaphroditum Hagerup appear to have negative effects on forest regeneration. Effects of water extracts of leaves of E. hermaphroditum on the development and nitrogen uptake by roots and mycorrhizae (Paxillus involutus Batsch (Fr.)) of Scots pine (Pinus silvestris L.) were studied in a greenhouse experiment. Among seedlings that did not receive E. hermaphroditum extract, mycorrhizal plants grew better than nonmycorrhizal plants and also had a higher shoot to root ratio. Nitrogen uptake per unit root length was 3 t

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MOYERSOEN, BERNARD, IAN J. ALEXANDER, and ALASTAIR H. FITTER. "Phosphorus nutrition of ectomycorrhizal and arbuscular mycorrhizal tree seedlings from a lowland tropical rain forest in Korup National Park, Cameroon." Journal of Tropical Ecology 14, no. 1 (1998): 47–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467498000054.

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The relationship between mycorrhizal colonisation and phosphorus acquired by seedlings of the arbuscular mycorrhizal tree Oubanguia alata Bak f. (Scytopetalaceae) and the ectomycorrhizal tree Tetraberlinia moreliana Aubr. (Caesalpiniodeae) was evaluated at low and high inorganic phosphorus availability. AM colonisation was positively correlated with phosphorus uptake by O. alata at low, but not at high phosphorus availability. Seedlings growth was positively related to arbuscular mycorrhizal colonisation at both low and high phosphorus availability, suggesting that growth promotion by arbuscul

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Lambais, Marcio R., and Mona C. Mehdy. "Differential expression of defense-related genes in arbuscular mycorrhiza." Canadian Journal of Botany 73, S1 (1995): 533–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b95-293.

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Differential expression of plant defense related genes may contribute to the control of arbuscular mycorrhiza growth and development. The expression of chitinases, β-1, 3-glucanases, and genes involved in the biosynthesis of isoflavonoid phytoalexins has been studied in these symbiotic associations. Relative to noninfected roots, mycorrhizal roots showed a transient induction of endochitinase activities followed by suppression, under low and high P conditions. The suppression was attenuated under high P. Differential reductions in the steady-state level of mRNAs encoding a basic and an acidic

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KASURINEN, A., T. HOLOPAINEN, and S. ANTTONEN. "Mycorrhizal colonisation of highbush blueberry and its native relatives in central Finland." Agricultural and Food Science 10, no. 2 (2001): 113–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.23986/afsci.5683.

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Transmission electromicroscopy, trypan blue staining in combination with stereomicroscope analysis and biochemical ergosterol assay were used to study the mycorrhizal symbionts in wild bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus), bog whortleberry (Vaccinium uliginosum) and highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum) roots. TEM-analysis showed that in all species ericoid mycorrhizas formed hyphae coil inside the epidermal root cells. In stereomicroscopic viewing the highest mycorrhizal colonisation was observed in the roots of wild bilberries (51%), whereas according to the ergosterol assay the highest total

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Jangandi, Sharanappa, Mr Narayan, H. C. Lakshman, and Chaitra B. Negalur*. "Influence of AM fungus Glomus geosporum (Nicol. & Gerd.) Walker on chlorophyll content and biochemical changes in four AMF disputed plants." Annals of Plant Sciences 6, no. 01 (2016): 1527. http://dx.doi.org/10.21746/aps.2017.01.007.

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The function of mycorrhizae depends on the ability of the fungal symbiont. In the present study, the Glomus geosporum was inoculated on four amaranthaceae plants; Amaranthus oleraceae Hook. A.paniculata, A.spinosa and A. viridi has showed increased chlorophyll content in AM fungus inoculated plants over noninoculated plants, consequently the total carbohydrates and protein content was higher in mycorrhiza inoculated plants over the control or noninoculated plants. The results revealed that the enhanced stomatal conductance, photosynthesis and transpiration may be coupled with mycorrhizal inocu

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Dexheimer, Jean, Joëlle Gerard, Jean-Pierre Leduc, and Gérard Chevalier. "Étude ultrastructurale comparée des associations symbiotiques mycorhiziennes Helianthemum salicifolium – Terfezia claveryi et Helianthemum salicifolium – Terfezia leptoderma." Canadian Journal of Botany 63, no. 3 (1985): 582–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b85-073.

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The authors have studied the ultrastructural organization of two synthetic mycorrhizas between Helianthemum salicifolium (L.) Mill. (Cistaceae) and Terfezia claveryi Chat. or Terfezia leptoderma Tul. (Ascomycetes, Terfeziaceae). With Terfezia claveryi an endomycorrhiza is formed with many of the hyphae hugging the inside surface of the cell wall. The cytoplasmic volume of the mycorrhizal cells is not significantly increased. With Terfezia leptoderma an ectomycorrhiza without a sheath is formed, but there is a typical Hartig net. These two types of mycorrhiza constitute examples of biotrophism.

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Hetrick, B. A. D., D. C. Hartnett, G. W. T. Wilson, and D. J. Gibson. "Effects of mycorrhizae, phosphorus availability, and plant density on yield relationships among competing tallgrass prairie grasses." Canadian Journal of Botany 72, no. 2 (1994): 168–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b94-023.

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A replacement series experiment was used to investigate the effects of mycorrhizae, phosphorus availability, and plant density on competitive relationships between three tallgrass prairie species of varying mycorrhizal dependencies. Under mycorrhizal conditions, the obligately mycorrhizal dependent warm-season grass Andropogon gerardii (big bluestem) was a better competitor in mixture with the nonmycorrhiza-dependent cool-season grass Koeleria pyramidata (Junegrass). In the absence of mycorrhizae, however, competitive effects of big bluestem were greatly reduced and Junegrass experienced compe

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Maldonado-Mendoza, Ignacio E., Gary R. Dewbre, and Maria J. Harrison. "A Phosphate Transporter Gene from the Extra-Radical Mycelium of an Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus Glomus intraradices Is Regulated in Response to Phosphate in the Environment." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 14, no. 10 (2001): 1140–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi.2001.14.10.1140.

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The majority of vascular flowering plants are able to form symbiotic associations with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. These symbioses, termed arbuscular mycorrhizas, are mutually beneficial, and the fungus delivers phosphate to the plant while receiving carbon. In these symbioses, phosphate uptake by the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus is the first step in the process of phosphate transport to the plant. Previously, we cloned a phosphate transporter gene involved in this process. Here, we analyze the expression and regulation of a phosphate transporter gene (GiPT) in the extra-radical mycelium of

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Farias-Larios, J., S. Guzman-Gonzalez, and A. Michel-Rosales. "The Advances in the Study on Mycorrhizas of Fruit Trees in Dry Tropics of Mexico." HortScience 31, no. 4 (1996): 684c—684. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.31.4.684c.

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The productivity of marginal soils frequently found in the arid tropics might be improved by using VAM fungi as “biofertilizer” and as a tool of sustainable agricultural systems. Study of mycorrhizas of fruit trees was performed in 1987 in western Mexico. More progress has been made in resources, taxonomy, anatomy and morphology, physiology, ecology, effects, and application of mycorrhizas in fruit trees and ornamental plants production. Currently, five genera has been identified and inoculated plants showed significant difference in respect to plants not inoculated with mycorrhizal fungi. Cit

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Philip, Leanne J., Usher Posluszny, and John N. Klironomos. "The influence of mycorrhizal colonization on the vegetative growth and sexual reproductive potential of Lythrum salicaria L." Canadian Journal of Botany 79, no. 4 (2001): 381–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b01-010.

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Lythrum salicaria L., purple loosestrife, is a heterostylous, perennial plant with prolific and at times invasive vegetative growth and sexual reproduction. Sexual reproduction occurs following pollination and fertilization between two different floral morphs. We investigated the influence of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, Glomus aggregatum Schenck and Smith emend. Koske, on the vegetative growth and sexual reproductive potential of L. salicaria. Mycorrhiza decreased plant biomass both aboveground and belowground. Flower production, number of days to anthesis, numbers of flowers per inflor

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Kasowska, Dorota. "Mycorrhizal status of plants in two successional stages on spoil heaps from fireloam mining in Lower Silesia (SW Poland)." Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae 71, no. 2 (2014): 155–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/asbp.2002.018.

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The mycorrhizal status of two plant communities representing an initial stage (1-2 year-old) and a 8-9-year-old stage of succession on spoil heaps from fireloam mining in Lower Silesia, Poland, was determined. In the initial stage, the mycorrhizal structures were not observed in 39% of the investigated species; they were members of the <em>Polygonaceae</em>, <em>Chenopodiaceae</em> and <em>Poaceae</em> families. The relative cover of non-mycorrhizal plants exceeded 50% and the major role was played by the <em>Polygonum aviculare</em> population,

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Dominik, Tadeusz. "Przyczynek do znajomości mykorhizy u wiąza polnego [Contribution à la conaisance du mycorrhize chez l'Orme champêtre]." Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae 19, no. 2 (2017): 189–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/asbp.1948.009.

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Coello, Wilson Latacela, Eduardo Colina Navarrete, Carlos Castro Arteaga, et al. "Efectos De La Fertilización Nitrogenada Y Fosfatada Sobre Poblaciones De Micorrizas Asociadas Al Cultivo De Cacao." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 13, no. 6 (2017): 464. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2017.v13n6p464.

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Cocoa is one of the most significant assets in the ecuadorian agricultural structure, which also provides a good source of income for thousands of farmworker families. However, fertilization research works in cocoa cultivation have been relatively scarce. Decades of global research have shown that mycorrhizal fungi determine the fertilization and conservation of agrosystems. Fertilization is considered to be among the cultural and agricultural practices affecting mycorrhizas, which diminishes or prevents the fungal colonization. The objectives of research works were the following: the characte

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Akpınar, Çağdaş, Ahmet Demirbaş, and İbrahim Ortaş. "Farklı Mikoriza Türleri, Kompost ve Fosfat Kayacı Uygulamalarının Sorgum Bitkisinin Gelişimine Etkileri." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 8, no. 12 (2020): 2583–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v8i12.2583-2589.3745.

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The aim of this study was to determine the effects of different compost and rock phosphate doses applications with different mycorrhizal species inoculation on sorghum plant growth and nutrient uptake. Dosages 0, 20, 40 gr compost kg-1 soil as were used as compost, and 0, 2, 4 gr rock phosphate/soil as rock phosphate sources. Funnelformis mosseae, F. caledonius, Claroideoglomus etunicatum, Rhizophagus clarus, indigenous and cocktail (mixture) mycorrhizae were used. Shoot and root dry matter, P and Zn concentration and root percentages of mycorrhizal infection were determined. According to the

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Anjos, Érika Cristina Teixeira dos, Uided Maaze Tiburcio Cavalcante, Danielle Maria Correia Gonçalves, Elvira Maria Regis Pedrosa, Venézio Felipe dos Santos, and Leonor Costa Maia. "Interactions between an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (Scutellospora heterogama) and the root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) on sweet passion fruit (Passiflora alata)." Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 53, no. 4 (2010): 801–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-89132010000400008.

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The effects of inoculation of sweet passion fruit plants with the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus Scutellospora heterogama on the symptoms produced by Meloidogyne incognita race 1 and its reproduction were evaluated in two greenhouse experiments. In the 1st, the M. incognita (5000 eggs/plant) and S. heterogama (200 spores/plant) inoculations were simultaneous; in the 2nd, the nematodes were inoculated 120 days after the fungal inoculation. In both the experiments, 220 days after AM fungal inoculation, plant growth was stimulated by the fungus. In disinfested soil, control seedlings (without

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Khrieba, Mohamad Imad, Mohamed Fawaz Azmeh, Wafaa Chouman, Ibtissam Ghazal, and Ahmad Karra Ali. "Induction of Systemic Resistance in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicom L.) Against Damping-off Disease by Using a Mixture of Mycorrhizae." Arab Journal for Plant Protection 39, no. 1 (2021): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.22268/ajpp-39.1.061068.

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Khrieba, M.I., M.F. Azmeh, W. Chouman, I. Ghazal, and A.K. Ali. 2021. Induction of Systemic Resistance in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicom L.) Against Damping-off Disease by Using a Mixture of Mycorrhizae. Arab Journal of Plant Protection, 39(1): 61-68. The effect of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza (VAM) in improving the activity of the enzyme peroxidase and its role in controlling tomato damping-off caused by Pythium ultimum was studied in a pot experiment during the 2013 growing season. Five treatments were compared with a non-treated control (C): in treatment 1, soil was infested only with Pyth

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Mahmoudi, Neji, Teresa Dias, Mosbah Mahdhi, Cristina Cruz, Mohamed Mars, and Maria F. Caeiro. "Does Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Determine Soil Microbial Functionality in Nutrient-Limited Mediterranean Arid Ecosystems?" Diversity 12, no. 6 (2020): 234. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d12060234.

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Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are determinant for the performance of plant communities and for the functionality of terrestrial ecosystems. In natural ecosystems, grazing can have a major impact on mycorrhizal fungi and consequently on plant growth. The objective of this study was to evaluate the statements referred above in Mediterranean arid areas in Tunisia. Root samples and rhizosphere soils of five dominant herbaceous plants were studied at six distinct arid sites differing on soil proprieties and grazing intensity. At each site, chemical and dynamic properties of the soil were chara

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