Academic literature on the topic 'Mycoses - Identification'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Mycoses - Identification.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Journal articles on the topic "Mycoses - Identification"
1
Arastehfar, Amir, Brian L. Wickes, Macit Ilkit, David H. Pincus, Farnaz Daneshnia, Weihua Pan, Wenjie Fang, and Teun Boekhout. "Identification of Mycoses in Developing Countries." Journal of Fungi 5, no. 4 (September 29, 2019): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof5040090.
Full textAbstract:
Extensive advances in technology offer a vast variety of diagnostic methods that save time and costs, but identification of fungal species causing human infections remains challenging in developing countries. Since the echinocandins, antifungals widely used to treat invasive mycoses, are still unavailable in developing countries where a considerable number of problematic fungal species are present, rapid and reliable identification is of paramount importance. Unaffordability, large footprints, lack of skilled personnel, and high costs associated with maintenance and infrastructure are the main factors precluding the establishment of high-precision technologies that can replace inexpensive yet time-consuming and inaccurate phenotypic methods. In addition, point-of-care lateral flow assay tests are available for the diagnosis of Aspergillus and Cryptococcus and are highly relevant for developing countries. An Aspergillus galactomannan lateral flow assay is also now available. Real-time PCR remains difficult to standardize and is not widespread in countries with limited resources. Isothermal and conventional PCR-based amplification assays may be alternative solutions. The combination of real-time PCR and serological assays can significantly increase diagnostic efficiency. However, this approach is too expensive for medical institutions in developing countries. Further advances in next-generation sequencing and other innovative technologies such as clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-based diagnostic tools may lead to efficient, alternate methods that can be used in point-of-care assays, which may supplement or replace some of the current technologies and improve the diagnostics of fungal infections in developing countries.
2
Frickmann, Hagen, Ulrike Loderstaedt, Paul Racz, Klara Tenner-Racz, Petra Eggert, Alexandra Haeupler, Ralf Bialek, and Ralf Matthias Hagen. "Detection of Tropical Fungi in Formalin-Fixed, Paraffin-Embedded Tissue: Still an Indication for Microscopy in Times of Sequence-Based Diagnosis?" BioMed Research International 2015 (2015): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/938721.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction. The aim of the study was the evaluation of panfungal PCR protocols with subsequent sequence analysis for the diagnostic identification of invasive mycoses in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue samples with rare tropical mycoses.Materials and Methods. Five different previously described panfungal PCR/sequencing protocols targeting 18S and 28S ribosomal RNA gene fragments as well as internal transcribed spacer 1 and 2 fragments were evaluated with a collection of 17 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue samples of patients with rare and/or tropical invasive mycoses, comprising chromoblastomycosis, coccidioidomycosis, cryptococcosis, histoplasmosis, mucormycosis, mycetoma/maduromycosis, and rhinosporidiosis, in a proof-of-principle analysis.Results. The primers of the panfungal PCRs readily and predominantly reacted with contaminating environmental fungi that had deposited on the paraffin blocks. Altogether three sequence results of histoplasmosis and mycetoma samples that matched the histological assessment were associated with sample age <10 years and virtually without PCR inhibition.Conclusions. The high risk of amplifying environmental contaminants severely reduces the usefulness of the assessed panfungal PCR/sequencing protocols for the identification of rare and/or tropical mycoses in stored formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues. Histological assessment remains valuable for such indications if cultural differentiation is impossible from inactivated sample material.
3
Rubinstein, Héctor, Blanca Marticorena, Diana Masih, Noemi Borletto, Raul Vega, Haydee Varengo, and Ricardo Negroni. "Isolation of human fungi from soil and identification of two endemic areas of Cryptococcus neoformans and Coccidioides immitis." Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo 31, no. 1 (February 1989): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0036-46651989000100001.
Full textAbstract:
The present study was carried out in two different areas of Province of Cordoba, Argentina, where there was a suspicious of endemic mycosis. The previous data were the presence of a clinical case of pulmonary cryptococcosis in one area (Alta Gracia) and the previous findings of a high incidence of coccidioidin and cryptococcin reactors in the population of the second one (Villa Dolores). In both areas soil samples for fungi were studied and Cryptococcus neoformans was found in 2/25 samples from Alta Gracia. In Villa Dolores Coccidioides immitis was isolated in 2/40 samples, and C. neoformans in 1/40 samples. Delayed hypersensitivity test with cryptococcin was determined in the population from Alta Gracia and it was found to be 5.3%. Positive cutaneous tests with coccidioidin (33.8%) and cryptococcin (31.9%) in Villa Dolores were obtained. With these findings two endemic areas of systemic mycoses in Cordoba, Argentina were delimited.
4
Bhattacharjee, Barnamoy, Atanu Chakravarty, and Debadatta Dhar Chanda. "Clinico-Mycological Study of Superficial Mycoses in a Tertiary Health Care Centre of Southern Assam." International Journal of Research and Review 8, no. 5 (June 3, 2021): 438–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20210554.
Full textAbstract:
Background-Superficial Mycosis, which is the most common fungal infection affecting human beings, includes Dermatophytosis and Dermatomycoses, which are the infections of superficial keratinized layer of skin, nail & hair by Dermatophytes and non Dermatophytic moulds or yeasts respectively. This clinical entity is very common in hot, humid tropical climate of India with prevalence ranging from 30-60% but its precise case magnitude and epidemiology in North eastern India cannot be stated as there are only few studies conducted. So, this study is undertaken to 1) Find the prevalence of Superficial Mycosis in a tertiary health care centre of Southern Assam. 2) Study the clinical profile of the cases 3) Isolate and identify the causative agents of Superficial mycosis. Materials & Method- The study has been conducted on 250 samples from clinically suspected and untreated cases of superficial mycosis from Aug 2017 to Dec 2018. 2 separate sets of samples from edge of skin lesion/nail /hair were collected, of which 1 sample was subjected to direct microscopy with (10-40) % KOH and the other part was subjected to 2 sets of fungal culture in SDA tubes at 25°C and 37°C & followed for 3 weeks. In Culture positive cases, fungal identification was based on colony morphology, pigment production & LPCB mount. For confirmation of isolates, Slide Culture and biochemical tests were done. Result-Out of total 250 samples,115 samples (46%) showed presence of fungal elements in KOH examination, of which 73 were culture positive and of the KOH negative samples 10 samples were culture positive, thus making the prevalence 33.2% (83/250). Clinically, Tinea corporis was the most common form of both superficial mycosis & Dermatophytosis and Pityriasis Versicolor has been found the most common Dermatomycosis. Males(21-50yrs) were affected by superficial mycosis more than Females(16-30yr). Trichophyton mentagrophyte was the mostly isolated agent causing superficial mycosis. Keywords: Superficial mycoses, prevalence, Assam, Slide Culture, Urease.
5
SAMPAIO, Jéssica Soares, Luís Fernando Albarello GELLEN, and Maria de Assis Cruz ALEXANDRE. "IDENTIFICATION OF Cryptococcus neoformans IN EXTRACTORS OF Columba Livia THAT FREQUENT THE PUBLIC HOSPITAL OF PALMAS - TO." Periódico Tchê Química 16, no. 31 (January 20, 2019): 242–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.52571/ptq.v16.n31.2019.248_periodico31_pgs_242_249.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
In Brazil, the mycoses have been winning great epidemiological importance, due to the progressive rate of morbidity and mortality. In many places, the pigeon has already reached urban pest conditions because of its overpopulation becoming a worldwide problem, which poses serious public health risks. Among the main causes of mycosis from pigeons, we highlight Cryptococcus spp. this species is the main cause of cryptococcosis, which occurs from the inhalation of fungal propagules that disperse through the air. This work aimed at the identification of Cryptococcus neoformans in excreta of Columba livia who attend the Public Hospital of Palmas (HPP) to verify transmission risks. The results were based on the identification of the most frequent points of the pigeon as in the chemotherapy sector (A) and in the emergency sector (B and C). The methodology for identification of C. neoformans was supported by the evaluation of macroscopic culture, microscopy and biochemical test. Of 30 samples identified, 3.3% at point A, 13.3% at point B, and 3.3% at point C were positive being observed, therefore, the presence of C. neoformans in a large percentage in the HPP emergency sector, which makes it an environment conducive to the propagation of yeast.
6
da Cunha, Keith Cássia, Deanna A. Sutton, Josepa Gené, Javier Capilla, Josep Cano, and Josep Guarro. "Molecular Identification andIn VitroResponse to Antifungal Drugs of Clinical Isolates of Exserohilum." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 56, no. 9 (June 25, 2012): 4951–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.00488-12.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACTExserohilumis an agent of human and animal mycoses. Although classification has been based on a few subtle morphological differences, three species of clinical interest have been traditionally accepted. In this study, by using a multigene sequence analysis, we have demonstrated thatExserohilum longirostratumandE. mcginnisiiare probable synonyms ofE. rostratum. The isolates tested were mainly from the nasal region. Antifungal susceptibility testing demonstrated high activity of the eight agents tested against this fungus.
7
Zachepylo, S. V. "MODERN MICROBIOLOGICAL TECHNOLOGIES IN DIAGNOSIS OF MYCOSES IN OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGICAL PRACTICE." Актуальні проблеми сучасної медицини: Вісник Української медичної стоматологічної академії 21, no. 1 (March 21, 2021): 172–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.31718/2077-1096.21.1.172.
Full textAbstract:
The review article highlights the latest approaches to solve one of the important problems of modern otorhinolaryngology, the diagnosis of opportunistic mycoses of the upper respiratory tract and ear. Opportunistic mycoses of the ENT organs in recent decades have posed a significant challenge for modern clinical medicine not only in Ukraine but also throughout the world. According to the scientific literature, the share of fungal lesions of the ear and upper respiratory tract in the structure of chronic inflammation of these organs makes up 22.1%. The main causative agents of mycotic lesions of the ENT organs are opportunistic fungi of the genera Aspergillus, Рenicillium, Mucor and yeast-like fungi of the genus Сandida, which are characterized by a low level of pathogenicity and are a part of the resident microflora of the macroorganism. Classical methods of microbiological diagnosis have certain limitations in the identification of micromycetes. Therefore, the use of more reliable, fast and accurate methods in clinical practice will contribute to the timely and effective treatment of fungal diseases of the ENT organs. This review presents an analysis of modern microbiological diagnostic technologies, such as biochemical detection of microorganisms using identification plate test systems (ARI RapID, CrystalTM), semi-automatic and automatic microbiological identification using analyzers VITEK, VITEK 2, Walk Away. Identification of fungal pathogens can also be performed by performing direct protein profiling using mass spectrometry, polymerase chain reaction and sequencing. These methods with the highest level of reliability enable to identify the pathogen, as well as to assess its sensitivity to chemotherapeutic drugs. The combination of classical and modern microbiological technologies should become a standard for the diagnosis of fungal diseases, including the upper respiratory tract and ear.
8
Schmidt, Volker, Linus Klasen, Juliane Schneider, Jens Hübel, and Michael Pees. "Characterization of Metarhizium viride Mycosis in Veiled Chameleons (Chamaeleo calyptratus), Panther Chameleons (Furcifer pardalis), and Inland Bearded Dragons (Pogona vitticeps)." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 55, no. 3 (December 21, 2016): 832–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.02206-16.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT Metarhizium viride has been associated with fatal systemic mycoses in chameleons, but subsequent data on mycoses caused by this fungus in reptiles are lacking. The aim of this investigation was therefore to obtain information on the presence of M. viride in reptiles kept as pets in captivity and its association with clinical signs and pathological findings as well as improvement of diagnostic procedures. Beside 18S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) (small subunit [SSU]) and internal transcribed spacer region 1 (ITS-1), a fragment of the large subunit (LSU) of 28S rDNA, including domain 1 (D1) and D2, was sequenced for the identification of the fungus and phylogenetic analysis. Cultural isolation and histopathological examinations as well as the pattern of antifungal drug resistance, determined by using agar diffusion testing, were additionally used for comparison of the isolates. In total, 20 isolates from eight inland bearded dragons ( Pogona vitticeps ), six veiled chameleons ( Chamaeleo calyptratus ), and six panther chameleons ( Furcifer pardalis ) were examined. Most of the lizards suffered from fungal glossitis, stomatitis, and pharyngitis or died due to visceral mycosis. Treatment with different antifungal drugs according to resistance patterns in all three different lizard species was unsuccessful. Sequence analysis resulted in four different genotypes of M. viride based on differences in the LSU fragment, whereas the SSU and ITS-1 were identical in all isolates. Sequence analysis of the SSU fragment revealed the first presentation of a valid large fragment of the SSU of M. viride . According to statistical analysis, genotypes did not correlate with differences in pathogenicity, antifungal susceptibility, or species specificity.
9
Martinez, K. V., P. A. Pereira, C. G. S. Nascimento, R. N. Leandro, V. M. Giundice, E. S. Garcia, L. P. R. Silva, et al. "Identification of the etiological agents that cause superficial cutaneous mycoses in southern Brazil." Scientific Electronic Archives 13, no. 9 (September 1, 2020): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.36560/13920201078.
Full textAbstract:
Superficial skin ringworm is a fungal disease that affects external tissues such as nails, skin and hair of humans and animals. The infection can be transmitted directly, through contact with another infected individual or animal, or indirectly, through contaminated materials, these mycoses being potentially contagious. The main objective of the present study was to identify the etiologic agents of potentially contagious cutaneous superficial mycoses present in southern Brazil, correlating with the gender and the most affected sites of the patients.The study period corresponded from January 2011 to June 2019. Prior to the collection, an interview was conducted with patients to obtain epidemiological information. The collected material was scraped from lesions on the skin and nails and hair epilated. The patients were received at the Clinical Analysis Laboratory (LACT) of the UFRGS School of Pharmacy and at the Rio Grande do Sul State Laboratory (LACEN-RS). Subsequently, with the report of the mycological examination, patients treated at LACT were referred to the Dermatology Service of the State of Rio Grande do Sul for medical care and therapy. During the study period, 6010 nail and skin scrapes were obtained and hair, of which 4560 (76%) were negative and 1450 (24%) positive on mycological examination. The most isolated species were T. rubrum (54%), Candida spp. (19%), T. mentagrophytes (14%) and Malassezia spp. (5%). The Female (70%) were the most affected, and nails (72%) were the most affected followed by skin (27%) and hair (1%). With the data obtained on isolated fungal species, we still have much to work with the community developing educational and preventive measures in conjunction with public policies, to try to reduce the risk of contamination by reaching mainly individuals in a higher state of social vulnerability.
10
Channe, Nirmal, and Supriya S. Tankhiwale. "Study of Dermatophytosis in a Tertiary Care Centre in Central India." Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences 10, no. 8 (February 22, 2021): 484–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.14260/jemds/2021/106.
Full textAbstract:
BACKGROUND Mycoses are assuming greater significance both in developed and developing countries particularly due to advent of immunosuppressive drugs and diseases. Dermatophytosis is most common type of cutaneous fungal infections seen in man, though in past few decades non-dermatophytes are also assuming importance. Present study is undertaken to know the pattern of dermatophytosis from our region. METHODS An observational study was conducted on 150 samples of patients with complaints of superficial mycoses. Samples were processed for microscopy on potassium hydroxide (KOH) mount and culture on Sabouraud’s dextrose agar (SDA) with and without cycloheximide and chloramphenicol. Any growth was identified by conventional technique. RESULTS One hundred and fifty samples consisting of 86 skin and 64 nails were studied. Most samples were seen in rainy season and males were predominantly affected. Adults from age of 21 - 50 years were most commonly affected. Most common clinical presentation was tinea corporis (70.93 %). In dermatophytic causes, T. mentagrophytes (36.21 %), T. tonsurans (27.59 %) followed by T. rubrum (15.52 %) were common isolates. In non-dermatophytic causes, candida spp. followed by aspergillus spp. were commonest isolates. CONCLUSIONS Tinea corporis is found to be the commonest presentation. Along with dermatophytes, non-dermatophytic fungi are also emerging as the cause of superficial mycoses. In non-dermatophytic fungi, candida is the commonest species, which is now a days showing drug resistance; hence, identification of causative agent is important for correct and prompt treatment. KEY WORDS Dermatophytosis, Non-Dermatophytic Fungi, Dermatophytic Fungi
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Mycoses - Identification"
1
何耀祥 and Yiu-cheung Timothy Ho. "Biotyping in Penicillium marneffei." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31969732.
Full text
2
Souza, Marcela de 1988. "Comparação de técnicas moleculares para identificação das espécies de fusarium de amostras clínicas." [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/311645.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Plínio TrabassoDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T11:49:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Souza_Marcelade_M.pdf: 1154397 bytes, checksum: c435b972ac36d284080e07e6b6b20a6e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014
Resumo: Este trabalho teve por objetivo comparar o desempenho das técnicas de microarranjo de DNA (DNA microarray), amplificação circular isotérmica (Loop mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP)), PCR em tempo real e sequenciamento de DNA para a identificação das espécies de Fusarium, agentes de infecção da corrente sanguínea, isolados de pacientes com doenças onco-hematológicas do Hospital de Clínicas da Universidade Estadual de Campinas (HC-Unicamp) e do Hospital de Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP) em um estudo de corte retrospectivo. Foram selecionados 21 amostras de Fusarium isoladas de sangue, sendo 17 amostras da micoteca do Laboratório de Investigação em Fungos (LIF) da Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Unicamp (FCM-Unicamp) e três amostras da micoteca do Laboratório de Microbiologia da FMUSP. As metodologias de DNA microarray, LAMP e PCR em tempo real, identificaram 17 das 21 amostras como complexo Fusarium solani e quatro como complexo Fusarium não - solani, apresentando um alto desempenho, uma concordância de 100% entre elas e uma sensibilidade de 100% para as metodologias DNA microarray, LAMP e PCR em tempo real e uma especificidade de 100% para a metodologia de LAMP. Esses dados foram validados pela metodologia de sequenciamento de DNA, a qual identificou 17 amostras como complexo Fusarium solani e quatro como Fusarium complexo não ¿ solani, sendo três Fusarium napiforme e um Fusarium oxysporum, concordando com os resultados encontrados nas três metodologias aplicadas neste trabalho. A técnica de LAMP demonstrou ser mais acessível do que as técnicas de DNA microarray e PCR em tempo real por ser mais rápida, indicando ser uma metodologia promissora para ser utilizada na rotina de diagnóstico de fungos filamentosos, auxiliando em uma terapia apropriada de uma forma rápida e específica, proporcionando assim uma melhora na assistência prestada ao paciente
Abstract: This study aimed to compare the performance of the techniques of DNA microarray, loop mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), real-time PCR and DNA sequencing for identification of species of Fusarium as agents of bloodstream infection, isolated from patients with hematologic malignancies cared for at the university hospital of State University of Campinas and the university hospital of University of Sao Paulo, in a retrospective cross study. In the study, 21 Fusarium isolates from blood were selected, being 17 samples of mycology collection of the Laboratory for Research on Fungi (LIF), Faculty of Medical Sciences, Campinas (FCM-Unicamp) and three samples of mycology collection of the Laboratory of Microbiology of FMUSP. The techniques of DNA microarray, LAMP and Real-Time PCR identified 17 of the 21 samples as Fusarium solani, and 4 isolates as Fusarium non-solani complex, showing a high performance, a 100% agreement among them and a sensitivity of 100% for the DNA microarray, LAMP and real-time PCR methods and a 100% specificity for the LAMP method. These data were validated by the DNA sequencing technique, which identified 17 isolates as Fusarium solani complex and not four as Fusarium non-solani complex, being three Fusarium napiforme and one Fusarium oxysporum, agreeing with the findings in the three methodologies applied in this work. The LAMP technique proved to be more accessible than the techniques of DNA microarray and real-time PCR to be faster, indicating a promising methodology to be used in routine diagnosis of filamentous fungi, aiding in proper therapy rapid and specific manner, thereby providing an improvement to the care of patients
Mestrado
Clinica Medica
Mestra em Clínica Médica
3
St-Arnaud, Marc. "Effet de la symbiose endomycorhizienne à vésicules et arbuscules sur le développement de mycoses racinaires, identification des mécanismes d'action." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ33088.pdf.
Full text
4
Benchetrit, Michael. "Identification de levures en milieu hospitalier : comparaison de 4 galeries à lecture colorimétrique." Paris 5, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA05P041.
Full text
5
hughes, abigail, and Chris Dr Pritchett. "Identification of AlgZ Regulator, PA2771, and Effects on Motility and Virulence in P. aeruginosa." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/asrf/2018/schedule/142.
Full textAbstract:
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an important nosocomial infection that has the potential to infect almost every tissue of the human body though it is mainly opportunistic, due to the organism’s intrinsic antibiotic resistance is becoming increasingly difficult to treat. Two-component systems (TCS) rely on a signal sensed from the outside environment by the sensor histidine kinase to initiate phosphotransfer to the response regulator, which may then regulate virulence factors in the organism in response to a changing environment. One important two-component system in P. aeruginosa is the AlgZ/R system. AlgZ, the sensor histidine kinase, has been shown to be co-transcribed with its’ response regulator, AlgR, to affect a myriad of virulence factors, including those related to motility. Pseudomonas species is capable of four types of motility: twitching, swimming, swarming, and gliding. Twitching motility is achieved through the expression of the FimU operon and Type VI pilli, and is most useful when attaching to a solid surface in the initial step of pathogenesis: colonization. Conversely, the swimming phenotype relies on the production of a single polar flagellum upon the activation of the FleQ operon, and allows the organism to move through a fluid environment. A previously unidentified regulator of AlgZ, but not AlgR, has been identified via transposon mutagenesis screening, PA2771, which has a GGDEF domain and predicted diguanylate cyclase activity. The mechanism of PA2771’s action within P. aeruginosa has not been previously studied. The nonpolar deletion mutant was first characterized via various phenotypic assays (including biofilm, rhamnolipid, swimming, and swarming assays) and transcriptional fusions to propose a mechanism in which this predicted diguanylate cyclase (DGC) works with AlgZ to determine the switch in motility from twitching to swimming. When PA2771 is present and active in the cell, cyclic di-GMP levels should be high, leading to the production of Type VI pilli and the upregulation of the FimU operon. In the PA2771 mutant a significant decrease in the expression of the FimU operon, and an increase in the expression of the flagellar genes. Subsequent alterations in swimming and swarming phenotypes were observed, as well as the restoration of these effects via complementation studies. Overexpression of AlgZ in the 2771 mutant showed a restoration of AlgZ expression in the nonmucoid background, and the predicted DGC activity was indirectly verified via a cdrA-lacZ transcriptional fusion.
6
Watson, Joni. "Identification of Transcription Factors GZF3, RFX1, Orf19.3928 as Being Implicated in Candida-Bacterial Interactions." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. https://dc.etsu.edu/honors/261.
Full textAbstract:
Candida albicans is an opportunistic pathogen that is present in the normal flora in a majority of individuals. One key factor in C. albicans virulence is the ability to change its morphology from yeast to an elongated or hyphal form. The regulation of this morphogenesis relies in part upon quorum sensing (QS) molecules. C. albicans often exists as part of a mixed culture alongside other microbes and is influenced by their presence as well as the presence of QS molecules that they produce. In this study, a library of diploid homozygous transcriptional regulator knockout (TRKO) mutants were screened to identify strains capable of forming hyphae in the presence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli. We identified three strains that showed increased hyphae development compared to wild type C. albicans. The strains identified had deletions of the transcriptional regulating genes Orf19.3928, Orf19.2842 (GZF3), and Orf19.3865 (RFX1). These strains were tested for alterations of filamentation in liquid media, and biofilm formation. All three strains showed increased rates of biofilm formation compared to the wild type. Orf19.3928 showed altered response to farnesol, a marked in biofilm formation and no inhibition of filamentation when farnesol was present in liquid media. The GZF3 deletion strain showed enhanced filamentation with all three bacterial species while the RFX1 deletion strain showed increased filamentation only with E. coli and S. aureus. In spent media, GZF3 showed slight increases in filamentation in E. coli and S. aureus while RFX1 had moderate increases in filamentation in E. coli and S. aureus and slight increases with P. aeruginosa.
7
Houël, Emeline. "Étude de substances bioactives issues de la flore amazonienne : analyse de préparations phytothérapeutiques à base de Quassia amara L (simaroubacae) et Psidium acutangulum DC (Myrtaceae) utilisées en Guyane française pour une indication antipaludique : identification et analyse métabolomique d'huiles essentielles à activité antifongique." Thesis, Antilles-Guyane, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AGUY0415/document.
Full textAbstract:
L’objectif du travail effectué était la recherche de nouvelles substances actives d’origine végétale, présentant soit une activité antiplasmodiale soit une activité antifongique. Cette étude a été menée suivant deux stratégies différentes: l’étude de remèdes traditionnels antipaludiques identifiés suite à des enquêtes ethnopharmacologiques, et la mise en évidence des propriétés antifongiques d’huiles essentielles grâce à une stratégie bioinspirée. La première partie du travail a permis de mettre en évidence le rôle d’un quassinoïde connu, la simalikalactone D, dans l’activité antipaludique d’une tisane de jeunes feuilles fraîches de Quassia amara L. (Simaroubaceae). Dans le cas de la décoction de rameaux de Psidium acutangulum DC. (Myrtaceae), c’est cette fois un mélange de flavonoïdes glycosylés qui est responsable de l’activité du remède. Dans le cadre de la recherche de nouvelles substances antifongiques, le criblage effectué a permis d’identifier de nombreuses huiles essentielles présentant des activités intéressantes, validant ainsi la démarche bioinspirée retenue dans ce cas. L’huile essentielle d’Otacanthus azureus (Linden) Ronse a en particulier démontré une activité remarquable, à la fois seule et en combinaison avec des antifongiques azolés. Enfin, l’étude métabolomique de la composition des huiles essentielles a permis de mettre au point un outil pouvant orienter la sélection des huiles en fonction des données obtenues en GC/MS dans l’optique de la recherche de nouvelles substances antifongiques. Ce travail démontre donc la validité des stratégies retenues – ethnopharmacologie et bioinspiration – dans la recherche de nouvelles substances bioactivesThe aim of this work was to search for new bioactive compounds, displaying either antiplasmodial or antifungal activity. Two strategies were developed here: the evaluation of traditional remedies identified as antimalarial through ethnopharmacological studies, and the search for antifungal essential oils, the criterium being here a bioinspired approach. Our work led to the discovery that the antimalarial activity of Quassia amara L. (Simaroubaceae) fresh young leaves was due to the presence of a known quassinoid, simalikalactone D. In the case of Psidium acutangulum DC. (Myrtaceae), a flavonol glycosides mixture explained the activity observed for the decoction. The search for antifungal essential oils from the Amazonian flora led to the identification of several interesting species, thus validating our bioinspired strategy. The essential oil of Otacanthus azureus (Linden) Ronse was among the most active ones, either alone or in combination with azole drugs. Eventually, a metabolomic study of the GC/MS composition of these oils allowed us to develop a statistical tool which could help to select interesting antifungal products. This work thus demonstrates the major interest of the two strategies – ethnopharmacology and bioinspiration – for the search of new bioactive compounds
8
Zhao, Huifang. "Improved Methods of Sepsis Case Identification and the Effects of Treatment with Low Dose Steroids: A Dissertation." eScholarship@UMMS, 2011. https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/529.
Full textAbstract:
Sepsis is the leading cause of death among critically ill patients and the 10th most common cause of death overall in the United States. The mortality rates increase with severity of the disease, ranging from 15% for sepsis to 60% for septic shock. Patient with sepsis can present varied clinical symptoms depending on the personal predisposition, causal microorganism, organ system involved, and disease severity. To facilitate sepsis diagnosis, the first sepsis consensus definitions was published in 1991 and then updated in 2001. Early recognition of a sepsis patient followed with timely and appropriate treatment and management strategies have been shown to significantly reduce sepsis-related mortality, and allows care to be provided at lower costs. Despite the rapid progress in the knowledge of pathophysiological mechanisms of sepsis and its treatment in the last two decades, identifying patient with sepsis and therapeutic approaches to sepsis and its complications remains challenging to critical care clinicians. Hence, the objectives of this thesis were to 1) evaluate the test characteristics of the two sepsis consensus definitions and delineate the differences in patient profile among patients meeting or not meeting sepsis definitions; 2) determine the relationship between the changes in several physiological parameters before sepsis onset and sepsis, and to determine whether these parameters could be used to identify sepsis in critically ill adults; 3) evaluate the effect of corticosteroids therapy on patient mortality.
Data used in this thesis were prospectively collected from an electronic medical record system for all the adult patients admitted into the seven critical care units (ICUs) in a tertiary medical center. Besides analyzing data at the ICU stay level, we investigated patient information in various time frames, including 24-hour, 12-hour, and 6-hour time windows.
In the first study of this thesis, the 1991 sepsis definition was found to have a high sensitivity of 94.6%, but a low specificity of 61.0%. The 2001 sepsis definition had a slightly increased sensitivity but a decreased specificity, which was 96.9% and 58.3%, respectively. The areas under the ROC curve for the two consensus definitions were similar, but less than optimal. The sensitivity and area under the ROC curve of both definitions were lower at the 24-hour time window level than those of the unit stay level, though the specificity increased slightly. At the time window level, the 1991 definitions performed slightly better than the 2001 definition.
In the second study, minimum systolic blood pressure performed the best, followed by maximum respiratory rate in discriminating sepsis patients from SIRS patients. Maximum heart rate and maximum respiratory rate can differentiate sepsis patients from non-SIRS patients fairly well. The area under ROC of the combination of five physiological parameters was 0.74 and 0.90 for comparing sepsis to non-infectious SIRS patients and comparing sepsis to non-SIRS patients, respectively. Parameters typically performed better in 24-hour windows compared to 6-hour or 12-hour windows.
In the third study, significantly increased hospital mortality and ICU mortality were observed in the group treated with low-dose corticosteroids than the control group based on the propensity score matched comparisons, and multivariate logistic regression analyses after adjustment for propensity score alone, covariates, or propensity score (in deciles) and covariates.
This thesis advances the existing knowledge by systemically evaluating the test characteristics for the 1991 and 2001 sepsis consensus definitions, delineating physiological signs and symptoms of deterioration in the preceding 24 hours prior to sepsis onset, assessing the prediction performances of single or combined physiological parameters, and examining the use of corticosteroids treatment and survival among septic shock patients. In addition, this thesis sets an innovative example on how to use data from electronic medical records as these surveillance systems are becoming increasingly popular. The results of these studies suggest that a more parsimonious set of definitional criteria for sepsis diagnosis are needed to improve sepsis case identification. In addition, continuously monitored physiological parameters could help to identify patients who show signs of deterioration prior to developing sepsis. Last but not least, caution should be used when considering a recommendation on the use of low dose corticosteroids in clinical practice guidelines for the management of sepsis.
9
Houël, Emeline. "ETUDE DE SUBSTANCES BIOACTIVES ISSUES DE LA FLORE AMAZONIENNE Analyse de préparations phytothérapeutiques à base de Quassia amara L. (Simaroubaceae) et de Psidium acutangulum DC. (Myrtaceae) utilisées en Guyane française pour une indication antipaludique. Identification et analyse métabolomique d'huiles essentielles à activité antifongique." Phd thesis, Université des Antilles-Guyane, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00718910.
Full textAbstract:
L'objectif du travail effectué était la recherche de nouvelles substances actives d'origine végétale, présentant soit une activité antiplasmodiale soit une activité antifongique. Cette étude a été menée suivant deux stratégies différentes: l'étude de remèdes traditionnels antipaludiques identifiés suite à des enquêtes ethnopharmacologiques, et la mise en évidence des propriétés antifongiques d'huiles essentielles grâce à une stratégie bioinspirée. La première partie du travail a permis de mettre en évidence le rôle d'un quassinoïde connu, la simalikalactone D, dans l'activité antipaludique d'une tisane de jeunes feuilles fraîches de Quassia amara L. (Simaroubaceae). Dans le cas de la décoction de rameaux de Psidium acutangulum DC. (Myrtaceae), c'est cette fois un mélange de flavonoïdes glycosylés qui est responsable de l'activité du remède. Dans le cadre de la recherche de nouvelles substances antifongiques, le criblage effectué a permis d'identifier de nombreuses huiles essentielles présentant des activités intéressantes, validant ainsi la démarche bioinspirée retenue dans ce cas. L'huile essentielle d'Otacanthus azureus (Linden) Ronse a en particulier démontré une activité remarquable, à la fois seule et en combinaison avec des antifongiques azolés. Enfin, l'étude métabolomique de la composition des huiles essentielles a permis de mettre au point un outil pouvant orienter la sélection des huiles en fonction des données obtenues en GC/MS dans l'optique de la recherche de nouvelles substances antifongiques. Ce travail démontre donc la validité des stratégies retenues - ethnopharmacologie et bioinspiration - dans la recherche de nouvelles substances bioactives.
10
Maigre, Laure. "Développement d'outils d'identification et de biotypage appliqués à l'étude des infections caprines dues à des mycoplasmes du groupe "Mycoplasma mycoides" (groupe "M. mycoides")." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO10072.
Full textAbstract:
Le groupe ‘M. mycoides’ constitue une branche phylogénétique homogène des mycoplasmes regroupant 6 taxons pathogènes des ruminants, responsables pour la plupart de maladies inscrites sur la liste de l’OIE. L’identification taxinomique sur laquelle repose le diagnostic reste délicate à cause de réactions antigéniques et génétiques croisées et d’un manque d’universalité intra-taxon des PCR, notamment pour les taxons Mcc, MmmLC et Mbg7. Une approche par hybridation soustractive sélective a été développée pour 1) appréhender les différences moléculaires entre ces 3 taxons ; 2) analyser globalement la diversité au sein du groupe ‘M. mycoides’ et 3) rechercher de nouveaux marqueurs d’intérêt diagnostique. Nos résultats montrent un important partage de séquences entre ces taxons, MmmLC et Mcc étant très polymorphes par rapport à Mbg7, plus homogène et qui représente une sorte de chimère entre les taxons Mcc et MmmSC. Nos données nous ont permis de développer un test PCR spécifique pour Mcc mais la diversité génétique du groupe ‘M. mycoides’ dépasse les frontières entre taxons rendant difficile et peu pertinente l’identification taxinomique. Un typage des souches en fonction de la virulence indépendamment de l’espèce serait l’approche diagnostique alternative. La faisabilité d’une telle approche a été explorée dans le cas du taxon MmmLC mais aucun critère susceptible de différencier les souches issues de foyers de celles issues de portage dans des troupeaux sans antécédent clinique n’a pu être mis en évidence. Ce continuum génétique entre souches, probablement lié à des transferts génétiques horizontaux, imposera à l’avenir une surveillance globalisée des mycoplasmosesThe ‘M. mycoides’ cluster, a homogenous phylogenetic branch of the Mollicutes, includes 6 taxa which are responsible for diseases in ruminants, most of which are listed by the OIE. Their taxonomic identification, on which current diagnosis is based, is impaired by antigenic and genetic cross-reactivity and by the lack of a universal, intra-taxon PCR assay, especially for the Mcc, MmmLC and Mbg7 taxa. A suppression subtractive hybridization approach was developed to: 1) define molecular differences between these 3 taxa; 2) analyze the overall genetic diversity within the ‘M. mycoides’ cluster and 3) search for new markers useful for diagnosis. Results obtained here showed that several sequences are shared across taxa, with Mcc and MmmLC being very polymorphic compared to Mbg7 which is more homogeneous, representing a sort of chimera between Mcc and MmmLC. From these analyses, a specific PCR assay was designed for Mcc identification but, because of the genetic diversity existing within the ‘M. mycoides’, the taxonomic identification of new strain appears less and less relevant. Instead, regardless of their species, strain typing on the basis of their virulence would offer an alternative approach for diagnosis. We assessed this type of approach for the MmmLC taxon but so far, our attempts to uncover markers that would distinguish pathogenic strains from carrier strains, isolated from herds with no clinical history, have failed. The genetic continuum observed between strains is remnant of horizontal gene transfers and imposes the development of a more global approach for mycoplasmosis surveillance
Books on the topic "Mycoses - Identification"
1
Johnson, Elizabeth M. (Elizabeth Margaret), 1958- and Warnock D. W, eds. Identification of pathogenic fungi. 2nd ed. Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell, 2013.
Find full text
2
Delorme, Jocelyn. Mycologie médicale. Mont-Royal, Qué: Centre collégial de développement de matériel didactique, 1997.
Find full text
3
Robert, André, Jocelyn Delorme, Collège de Rosemont, and Centre collégial de développement de matériel. Mycologie médicale. Decarie, 1999.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Mycoses - Identification"
1
Putignani, Lorenza, Silvia D’Arezzo, Maria Grazia Paglia, and Paolo Visca. "DNA-Based Detection of Human Pathogenic Fungi: Dermatophytes, Opportunists, and Causative Agents of Deep Mycoses." In Molecular Identification of Fungi, 357–415. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-05042-8_17.
Full text
2
Bashiruddin, John B. "PCR and RFLP Methods for the Specific Detection and Identification of Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides SC." In Mycoplasma Protocols, 167–78. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1385/0-89603-525-5:167.
Full text
3
Makri, Nikoleta, Gavin Paterson, Fiona Gregge, Catriona Urquhart, Holly McCluskey, and Tim Nuttall. "Two case reports of novel cutaneous mycoses in cats in the UK using molecular identification for rapid and accurate diagnosis." In BSAVA Congress Proceedings 2019, 443. British Small Animal Veterinary Association, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.22233/9781910443699.62.3.
Full text
4
Seaton, Shila, and Rohini J. Manuel. "Fungal Diagnostics." In Tutorial Topics in Infection for the Combined Infection Training Programme. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198801740.003.0017.
Full textAbstract:
The field of fungal diagnostics encompasses tests that are performed to help diagnose fungal disease, guide its management, and or monitor the effectiveness of its treatment. For some superficial skin and yeast infections, a clinical examination of the patient combined with microscopic examination of the sample may be sufficient to determine that fungal disease is present, even if the specific fungal pathogen is not identified. For deep- seated and systemic infections, a combination of diagnostic tests may be required in order to obtain a definitive diagnosis. These include microscopy to detect fungal elements, culture, detection of circulating antigens and antibodies, and molecular tests. More recently, molecular and proteomic approaches have increasingly dominated the conventional identification of pathogenic yeasts and, to some extent, filamentous fungi, since traditional methods are time consuming. More importantly, conventional methodologies have failed to identify common organisms that display uncharacteristic profiles, or fungal pathogens that are rarely encountered. The ‘gold standard’ for the definitive diagnosis of fungal disease is histology or culture of the fungal pathogen from a clinical specimen. A specimen will routinely be inoculated onto several different types of media, and then incubated at specific conditions and temperatures for up to twenty-one days. Media plates will be examined periodically for growth, and staff will try to identify the fungus using both macroscopic and microscopic morphologies. The few biochemical tests available, e.g. the urease test, can be helpful in identification, most often for yeast species. Microscopy of fungal isolates, histopathological examination of tissue, and fungal specific stains play fundamental roles in the diagnosis of infection for the variety of fungi that cause disease. The most common stain for identifying fungal elements from a cultured isolate is lactophenol fuschin/aniline blue stain. Figure 10.1 depicts the fruiting body (conidiophore) of Aspergillus fumigatus species complex, the most prevalent fungal species responsible for invasive aspergillosis (IA) in severely immunocompromised individuals. Figure 10.2 illustrates the phenotype of a three-day old colony. Serological tests are beneficial when non-culture based diagnosis of fungal disease is required. Complement fixation is predominantly used to diagnose endemic mycoses, e.g. coccidioidomycosis, blastomycosis, and histoplasmosis.