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Journal articles on the topic 'Mycotoxicosis'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 17 June 2025

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1

Gnezdilova, Larisa A., Yulia V. Petrova, Pavel N. Abramov, and Seidfatima M. Borunova. "Problems of mycotoxicosis in cattle and principles of preventive solutions." Veterinariya, Zootekhniya i Biotekhnologiya 6, no. 127 (2024): 49–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.36871/vet.zoo.bio.202406006.

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The consumption of feed containing toxic metabolic products of microscopic fungi leads to poisoning of animals – mycotoxicosis. The review article presents data on the most common mycotoxicoses of cows. The classification of mycotoxicoses is given, and the main pathologies in mycotoxicosis of cows are described. The main methods of prevention of mycotoxicosis in cows are given.

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Kearley, Michael Evan, Andrew Wallace Hayes, and Peter Pressman. "Canine Mycotoxicosis–A Comprehensive Literature Review." European Journal of Veterinary Medicine 4, no. 2 (2024): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejvetmed.2024.4.2.121.

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Fungi are a diverse group of organisms that possess multiple beneficial properties for human, animal, and ecological health, including the degradation of environmental pollutants, agricultural research, and medicinal and pharmaceutical therapies. Despite these vital applications, certain fungi are responsible for the death of many each year, with untold financial implications. Penitrems, aflatoxins, citrinin, ochratoxins, among others, are mycotoxins, or secondary metabolites produced by filamentous fungi that may cause a clinically significant toxic response (mycotoxicosis) when ingested by animals. These mycotoxins are naturally occurring contaminants and appear in widely consumed feedstuffs. Dogs are unusually susceptible to their hepatotoxic, nephrotoxic, immunosuppressive, and carcinogenic effects. Mycotoxins are rapidly absorbed in canines, and with high morbidity and mortality rates, treatment is mainly supportive, and euthanasia (or death) is often elected. This paper comprehensively reviewed the current literature on mycotoxins, specifically tremorgenic mycotoxins, aflatoxins, and ochratoxins in companion animals, with a primary emphasis on canines. Electronic databases were reviewed for published articles between 1969 and the present, and 50 articles were identified for inclusion. Our review suggests a widespread gap in information on the diagnosis and treatment of companion animal mycotoxicosises and the risk of chronic exposure to mycotoxin contamination of dog food is underexplored. And given that signs may masquerade as a variety of diseases, it is postulated that mycotoxicoses have a far greater prevalence than what has been consistently thought. There is a need to create standardized diagnostic means and reporting to eliminate inconsistencies in treatment strategies and improve patient survival outcomes.

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3

Mostrom, Michelle S., and Barry J. Jacobsen. "Ruminant Mycotoxicosis." Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice 27, no. 2 (2011): 315–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cvfa.2011.02.007.

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4

Mostrom, Michelle S., and Barry J. Jacobsen. "Ruminant Mycotoxicosis." Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice 36, no. 3 (2020): 745–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cvfa.2020.08.011.

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5

White, Mark. "Disease facts: Mycotoxicosis." Livestock 17, no. 4 (2012): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-3870.2012.00127.x.

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6

Emanuel, Dean A., James Marx, Barb Ault, Mary Treuhaft, Ronald Roberts, and Michael Kryda. "Pulmonary mycotoxicosis revisited." American Journal of Industrial Medicine 10, no. 3 (1986): 305–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajim.4700100322.

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7

Prashant, B. Dabhi* Digjay V. Kabariya and Ritu J. Patel. "Mycotoxicosis In Poultry." Science World a monthly e magazine 2, no. 12 (2022): 2122–24. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7437292.

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Mycotoxicosis is mainly a disease of broiler birds. The major toxins of poultry importance include Aflatoxin, Ochratoxin, Citrinin, Oosporin, Trichothecene toxin etc. In broiler birds, this disease is caused by the use of excessively moist corn and soybean grains contaminated with fungi or by storing the grains for more days in the farm, causing the development of fungi that produce aflatoxin or ochratoxin and the production of mycotoxin. The fungi producing mycotoxins have very simple requirements for existence. Usually, high moisture grains, insect damaged grains, sweating of feed ingredients, defective feed bins, defective waterers or feed spilling on the damp litter promote fungal growth and toxin production.

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Kuzminova, Elena, Evgeny Dolgov, Marina Semenenko, Denis Osepchuk, and Ksenia Semenenko. "The spectrum of molecules of medium mass as endogenous intoxication indicator in quails with mycotoxicosis." E3S Web of Conferences 210 (2020): 06010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202021006010.

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The paper presents the results of determining the level of molecules of medium mass (MMM) in the blood serum of poultry with experimental mycotoxicosis. The study revealed a relationship between the concentration of MMM in the blood serum and the severity of the pathological process in poultry with different types of mycotoxicosis. The most pronounced changes occur in mycotoxicosis due to the combined intake of T-2 toxin and aflatoxin B1 into the poultry body, even when their concentration individually does not exceed the maximum permissible level. In this case, a significant increase in the concentration of MMM in the blood serum is recorded – in 1.8 times (λ = 254 nm) and in 2.2 times (λ = 280 nm), with an increase in the MMM distribution index. Next, according to the severity of endogenous intoxication, follows mycotoxicosis caused by aflatoxin B1, and the lowest values were recorded with T-2 toxicosis.

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9

Ding, Wenli, Luxi Lin, Ke Yue, et al. "Ferroptosis as a Potential Therapeutic Target of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Mycotoxicosis: A Review." Toxics 11, no. 4 (2023): 395. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics11040395.

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Mycotoxin contamination has become one of the biggest hidden dangers of food safety, which seriously threatens human health. Understanding the mechanisms by which mycotoxins exert toxicity is key to detoxification. Ferroptosis is an adjustable cell death characterized by iron overload and lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and glutathione (GSH) depletion. More and more studies have shown that ferroptosis is involved in organ damage from mycotoxins exposure, and natural antioxidants can alleviate mycotoxicosis as well as effectively regulate ferroptosis. In recent years, research on the treatment of diseases by Chinese herbal medicine through ferroptosis has attracted more attention. This article reviews the mechanism of ferroptosis, discusses the role of ferroptosis in mycotoxicosis, and summarizes the current status of the regulation of various mycotoxicosis through ferroptosis by Chinese herbal interventions, providing a potential strategy for better involvement of Chinese herbal medicine in the treatment of mycotoxicosis in the future.

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10

Kuzminova, Elena Vasilievna, Andrey Georgievich Koshchaev, Petr Vasilievich Miroshnichenko, Marina Petrovna Semenenko, and Lubov Viktorovna Lazarevich. "Changes in indicators of blood biochemistry and endogenous intoxication in case of mycotoxicosis of cows during treatment." Agrarian Scientific Journal, no. 10 (October 27, 2022): 78–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.28983/asj.y2022i10pp78-82.

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The article presents the results of assessing changes in biochemical parameters and the concentration of molecules of medium mass in the blood of cows with mycotoxicosis during treatment. It has been determined that mycotoxicosis in cows, caused by the combined intake of T-2 toxin and aflatoxin B1, is characterized by changes in the biochemical status of the animal organism in violation of protein, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, as well as the development of hepatic-renal failure. In case of mycotoxicosis an increase in the level of endogenous intoxication in the body of cows was registered with a dominant MMM 254 in the blood and a less significant increase in MMM 280. The dynamics of the clinical status and blood parameters of cows during the treatment of mycotoxicosis shows that the determination of the concentration of MMM in the blood of animals is quite justified for determining the direction (progression or relief) of the course of the disease and allows evaluating the effectiveness of treatment.

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11

Bates, Nicola. "Tremorgenic mycotoxicosis in dogs." Companion Animal 27, no. 2 (2022): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/coan.2021.0049.

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Dogs commonly ingest tremorgenic mycotoxins because of their indiscriminate eating habits. Common sources are mouldy food, compost and rotten, fallen fruits and nuts. The mycotoxins penitrem A and roquefortine are produced by species of the mould Penicillium. Tremorgenic mycotoxicosis is characterised by rapid onset whole-body muscle tremors, vomiting, pyrexia, convulsions, ataxia, twitching and hyperaesthesia. Dogs are also at risk of aspiration. Treatment is aimed at decontamination and control of increased muscle activity and seizures to prevent complications from prolonged seizure activity. This will involve gut decontamination (depending on the condition of the dog), repeat doses of activated charcoal (as the mycotoxins undergo enterohepatic recirculation) and administration of sedatives, anticonvulsants and/or anaesthetics. Lipid emulsion should also be considered in severe cases. Prognosis is typically good in dogs with mild signs or controlled seizures, but more guarded where there is uncontrolled seizure activity or aspiration pneumonitis.

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12

Campbell, G. D. "Sporadic Clinical Human Mycotoxicosis—." Nutrition and Health 7, no. 1 (1990): 21–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026010609000700104.

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13

Campbell, G. D. "Mycotoxicosis—Humankind's Greatest Affliction?" Nutrition and Health 10, no. 4 (1996): 323–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026010609601000403.

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14

Tainsh, A. Ramsay. "Mycotoxicosis and birth defects." International Journal of Environmental Studies 24, no. 1 (1985): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207238508710176.

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15

Hintz, H. F. "Molds, Mycotoxins, and Mycotoxicosis." Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice 6, no. 2 (1990): 419–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0749-0739(17)30549-7.

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16

Corrier, D. E. "Mycotoxicosis: mechanisms of immunosuppression." Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology 30, no. 1 (1991): 73–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-2427(91)90010-a.

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17

Hussar, Piret, Florina Popovska-Percinic, Katerina Blagoevska, Tõnu Järveots, and Ilmārs Dūrītis. "Immunohistochemical Study of Glucose Transporter GLUT-5 in Duodenal Epithelium in Norm and in T-2 Mycotoxicosis." Foods 9, no. 7 (2020): 849. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9070849.

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Although patterns of glucose transporter expression and notes about diseases leading to adaptive changes in intestinal fructose transport have been well-characterized, the connection between infection and fructose transportation has been lightly investigated. Up to now only few studies on GLUT-5 expression and function under pathological conditions in bird intestines have been carried out. The aim of our current research was to immunolocalize GLUT-5 in chicken duodenal epithelium in norm and during T-2 mycotoxicosis. Material from chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) duodenum was collected from twelve seven-day-old female broilers, divided into control group and broilers with T-2 mycotoxicosis. The material was fixed with 10% formalin and thereafter embedded into paraffin; slices 7 μm in thickness were cut, followed by immunohistochemical staining, according to the manufacturers guidelines (IHC kit, Abcam, UK) using polyclonal primary antibody Rabbit anti-GLUT-5. Our study revealed the strong expression of GLUT-5 in the apical parts of the duodenal epithelial cells in the control group chickens and weak staining for GLUT-5 in the intestinal epithelium in the T-2 mycotoxicosis group. Our results confirmed decreased the expression of GLUT-5 in the duodenal epithelium during T-2 mycotoxicosis.

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18

Marasas, W., W. Gelderblom, G. Shephard, and H. Vismer. "Mycotoxicological research in South Africa 1910-2011." World Mycotoxin Journal 5, no. 1 (2012): 89–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/wmj2011.1322.

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The British mycologist, I.B. Pole-Evans, was appointed as the first South African government mycologist in 1905 following the Anglo-Boer War (1899-1902). The Onderstepoort Veterinary Research Institute was founded in 1908 with the Swiss veterinarian, Arnold Theiler, as the first director. Thus, the stage was set for the commencement of mycotoxicological research when the Union of South Africa came into being in 1910. The first accounts of this pioneering research appeared in the 'Seventh and eight reports of the Director of Veterinary Research, Union of South Africa. 1918' in which D.T. Mitchell reported on the experimental reproduction of the neurotoxic syndrome, diplodiosis, in cattle with pure cultures of Stenocarpella maydis (= Diplodia zea) isolated by P.A. Van der Bijl and grown on sterile maize kernels. This is the first report of the experimental reproduction of a veterinary mycotoxicosis with a pure culture of a fungus in South Africa and possibly in the world. This seminal research was followed by a great deal of multidisciplinary research on veterinary mycotoxicoses as well as human syndromes in which fungal toxins are suspected to be involved, taxonomy of mycotoxigenic fungi and chemistry of mycotoxins in South Africa. The mycotoxicoses studied in South Africa include the following (more or less in chronological order): diplodiosis, Paspalum staggers, aflatoxicosis, human hepatocellular carcinoma, ochratoxicosis, lupinosis, facial eczema, tremorgenic mycotoxicosis, hyperoestrogenism, stachybotryotoxicosis, ergotism, leukoencephalomalacia and human oesophageal cancer. A major breakthrough in mycotoxicological research was made in South Africa in 1988 with the isolation and chemical characterisation of the carcinogenic fumonisins produced by Fusarium verticillioides in maize. Current research at the PROMEC Unit of the South African Medical Research Council on the risk assessment of fumonisins and intervention methods to reduce fumonisin intake by rural populations on a maize staple diet is highlighted. This paper concludes with a selected list of mycotoxicological publications by South African mycologists/plant pathologists, veterinarians and chemists/biochemists.

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19

Duhnytskyy, V. B., Y. V. Boiko, G. V. Boiko та N. І. Boiko. "ПОКАЗНИКИ АЗОТОВОГО ОБМІНУ КУРЧАТ–БРОЙЛЕРІВ КРОСУ РОСС–308 ЗА СУМІСНОЇ ДІЇ ОХРАТОКСИНУ А ТА ДЕЗОКСИНІВАЛЕНОЛУ". Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 18, № 3(71) (2016): 11–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/nvlvet7103.

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Mycotoxicoses of farm animals cause the huge losses on a global scale, therefore the development of new methods for their treatment and prevention mycotoxins entry to organism of animals is still priority in veterinary toxicology.Today the understanding that the vast majority of animals mycotoxicoses cases is the mixed mycotoxicoses, that are resulting toxic effects of complex set of different mycotoxins, which complicates their diagnostics and prevention and treatment.Most of animals mycotoxicoses is a chronic disease at which disturbed metabolism, and the most vulnerable are lymphoid organs, liver, ductless glands and central nervous system. Therefore, treatment of animals should be complex – antidote, pathogenetic and symptomatic,and the search for new tools in the fight against mycotoxicosis in animals is a topical research direction in modern veterinary medicine.The article presents the experimental data about joint action of ochratoxin A and deoxynivalenol on nitrogenous metabolism parameters of broiler chickens. Conditions of nitrogenous metabolism in the organism of broiler chickens were studied by content of total protein, albumin, urea and creatinine. Established that the joint action of ochratoxin A and deoxynivalenol to the broiler chickens manifested dysproteinemia, that is the result of liver protein synthesis function disorder and absorption of protein cleavage products from the small intestine, owing to mucous membrane lesions through toxins. Increase of urea and creatinine in the blood plasma of broiler chickens by combined effect of ochratoxin A and deoxynivalenol is a result of disorder of renal excretory function due to exposure to toxins.

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20

Assumaidaee, Ajwad A. M. "Zearalenone Mycotoxicosis: Pathophysiology and Immunotoxicity." Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Medicine 44, no. 1 (2020): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.30539/ijvm.v44i1.932.

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Mycotoxicosis refers to the deleterious pathological effects of different types toxins produced by some worldwide distributing fungi. Mycotoxins, as secondary metabolites are affecting different organs and systems both in animal and human beings. Zeralenone (ZEA), the well-known estrogenic mycotoxins, is an immunotoxic agent. This macrocyclic beta-resorcyclic acid lactone, is mycotoxin procreated as a secondary metabolic byproduct by several types of Fusarium, encompassing F. roseum,F. culmorum, F. graminearum and different other types. Attributing to its potent estrogenic activity, ZEA has been incriminated as one of the major causes of female reproductive disorders. Thus, the purpose of the present review article is to appraise the pathophysiological consequences and sub sequent explore the progress in the research field of zearalenone immunotoxicities.

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21

Bacha, H., K. Maaroufi, L. Ghedira-Chekir, et al. "Mycotoxins and Mycotoxicosis in Tunisia." Toxin Reviews 18, no. 3 (1999): 245–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/15569549909162645.

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22

Hofacre, Charles L., R. K. Page, and O. J. Fletcher. "Suspected Mycotoxicosis in Laying Hens." Avian Diseases 29, no. 3 (1985): 846. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1590678.

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23

Hollinger, Katherine, and Henry E. Ekperigin. "Mycotoxicosis in Food Producing Animals." Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice 15, no. 1 (1999): 133–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0749-0720(15)30211-5.

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24

Tarasova, Evgenya, Lilia Matrosova, Gleb Kashevarov, et al. "The effectiveness of a feed additive with galloisite in rat mycotoxicosis." E3S Web of Conferences 548 (2024): 02014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202454802014.

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The paper presents the results of assessing the effectiveness of a complex feed additive based on halloysite for experimental T-2, afla- and zearalenone toxicosis of white rats in terms of survival, changes in clinical condition, enzyme status of blood serum and spleen ultrastructure. The results presented in the article confirmed the danger of the combined effects of mycotoxins on the body of white rats. The presence of mycotoxins in the feed led to the death of 30.0% of rats with a change in the clinical condition of the surviving animals, a significant increase in the serum levels of aminotransferases, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase and gamma-glutamyltransferase, as well as changes in the ultrastructure of the spleen. A normalizing effect of a food additive based on halloysite on the studied parameters in experimental combined mycotoxicosis was noted, which was manifested by 100% survival of rats, less pronounced changes in the enzyme status and a protective effect on the ultrastructure of the spleen. This makes it promising for further comprehensive research on productive animal species with the prospect of implementation in animal husbandry as an effective means of preventing combined mycotoxicoses.

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25

Sinitsyn, V. A. "PREVENTION OF AVIAN MYCOTOXICOSIS WITH FEED WITH THE ZEODO ADDITIVE." Innovations and Food Safety, no. 4 (January 8, 2022): 139–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.31677/2072-6724-2021-34-4-139-45.

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The article presents the results of the study of the feed additive Zeodo in experimental mycotoxicosis in chickens. The authors found that the use of Zeodo feed additive contributes to an increase in live weight gain in chickens by 7.3 %. Conditions of feeding chickens with low-toxic feed and single injection with a mixture of mycotoxins. The authors also concluded that Zeodo reduces the synergistic effects of mycotoxins and has a preventive property against mycotoxicosis. The results of the experiments on the test of Zeodo feed additive give grounds for its further production tests.

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Prodanov, Jasna, Radoslav Dosen, Ivan Pusic, Igor Stojanov, Radomir Ratajac, and Milica Zivkov-Balos. "The clinical and pathomorphological diagnosis of mycotoxicosis in different swine categories." Zbornik Matice srpske za prirodne nauke, no. 116 (2009): 281–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zmspn0916281p.

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The issue of mycotoxins and mycotoxicosis in veterinary medicine is directly connected to the usage of mouldy and/or adversely stored grains (corn, wheat, barley) used in animal feed. In swine production, in our geographical region, the most common are mycotoxicosis caused by zearalenon (F-2 toxin), but aflatoxins, ochratoxin and trichothecenes can also be found. For the known mycotoxins of clinical importance, the response is usually subacute or chronic and the presenting clinical signs are often vague. Mostly the problems are expressed only as alterations of the reproductive cycle, reduced feed intake and slow growth. However, if we consider the clinical signs and pathomorphological picture of mycotoxicosis in different swine categories (breeding animals, suckling and weaned piglets, fatteners), the age dependent changes can be found. Some mycotoxins have hepatotoxic, nephrotoxic and immunosuppressive effects, which further complicate the clinical and pathomorphological picture and diagnosis of mycotoxicosis in swine. The material for this research included the samples provided from ten swine farms. In different swine categories health disorders, resembling to the problem with mycotoxins were detected. The applied research methods included clinical evaluation and pathomorphological examination and laboratory microbiological feed testing, in order to examine the presence of fungi and some mycotoxins (aflatoxins, zearalenon, ochratoxin A and trichothecenes). On the basis of the obtained results, it may be concluded that the most frequently detected mycotoxin in the examined feed samples was zearalenon. The presence of mycotoxin in feed was directly connected to the reproductive failures and diagnosed health disorders in the examined swine categories (vulvovaginitis, skin necrosis, pneumonia, gastroenteritis).

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Mishina, Nailya N. "Specific therapy for mycotoxicosis of animals." Vestnik of the Mari State University. Chapter “Agriculture. Economics” 7, no. 3 (2021): 236–341. http://dx.doi.org/10.30914/2411-9687-2021-7-3-236-341.

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Mishina, Nailya N. "Specific therapy for mycotoxicosis of animals." Vestnik of the Mari State University. Chapter “Agriculture. Economics” 7, no. 3 (2021): 236–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.30914/2411-9687-2021-7-3-236-241.

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29

Gillman, Mark A. "Calcium Hydroxide and Sporadic Clinical Mycotoxicosis." Nutrition and Health 7, no. 4 (1991): 199. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026010609100700410.

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30

ADACHI, Yoshikazu. "Mycotoxicosis in domestic animals and poultry." Mycotoxins 53, no. 1 (2003): 69–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2520/myco.53.69.

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Nuehring, Leland P., George N. Rowland, Lena R. Harrison, Richard J. Cole, and Joe W. Dorner. "Cyclopiazonic acid mycotoxicosis in the dog." American Journal of Veterinary Research 46, no. 8 (1985): 1670–76. https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.1985.46.08.1670.

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SUMMARY The subacute toxic effects of cyclopiazonic acid (cpa; given orally) were characterized in the dog (cpa was purified from cultures of Aspergillus flavus). Four groups of dogs were given cpa in gelatin capsules for 90 days at the following dosage levels: 0.05, 0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 mg/kg of body weight; a 5th group was used as controls. All dogs administered the 0.5 and 1.0 mg of cpa/kg dosages and 1 dog given the 0.25 mg of cpa/kg dosage died or were humanely killed before the scheduled termination of the study. Clinical signs of intoxication appeared 2 to 44 days after dosing was started and consisted of anorexia and, in 1 to 2 days, vomiting, diarrhea, pyrexia, dehydration, weight loss, and cns depression. Grossly, the entire alimentary tract had diffuse hyperemia with focal areas of hemorrhage and ulceration. Other lesions were renal infarcts, necrotizing epididymitis, and ulcerative dermatitis. Microscopic lesions included ulceration, necrosis, vasculitis, lymphoid necrosis, karyomegaly in several organs, and decreased mitotic activity in intestinal crypt epithelium. Ulcerative and necrotic lesions were usually associated with vascular lesions. Clinical pathologic changes were leukocytosis, neutrophilia, lymphopenia, monocytosis, and increased serum alkaline phosphatase activity.

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32

Petrova, Yulia, Valentina Bachinskaya, Viktor Stepanishin, and Maria A. Spivak. "Histomorphological parameters of the liver of broiler chickens when using the feed additive “Maxisorb®» in the diet." Hippology and Veterinary Sciences 1 (2023): 82–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.52419/2225-1537.2023.1.82-87.

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The article presents the results of studying the effect of the feed additive “Maxisorb®” on the histomorphological parameters of the liver of broiler chickens with chronic mycotoxicosis. It has been established that the feed additive has a beneficial effect on the growth and development of poultry, promotes the excretion of mycotoxins. Histo- morphological indicators of the liver of the experimental groups have practically no dystro- phic changes. The feed additive has a positive effect on the condition of the liver of poultry with chronic mycotoxicosis. The data obtained indicate the expediency of using the feed additive “Maxisorb®” in the diet of broiler chickens

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33

Marczuk, J., K. Obremski, K. Lutnicki, M. Gajęcka, and M. Gajęcki. "Zearalenone and deoxynivalenol mycotoxicosis in dairy cattle herds." Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences 15, no. 2 (2012): 365–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10181-012-0055-x.

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Zearalenone and deoxynivalenol mycotoxicosis in dairy cattle herds Mycotoxin contaminations pose a growing problem in animal production from the economic and toxicological point of view. Clinical symptoms of mycotoxicosis are relatively unspecific, making the disease difficult to diagnose. This study presents a clinical case of dairy cattle infected with natural mycotoxins produced by fungi of the genus Fusarium (zearalenone [ZEA] and deoxynivalenol [DON]) in eastern Poland. In dead and infected cows, the presence of ZEA and DON was determined in the blood serum, significant changes were observed in blood morphological and biochemical profiles, extravasations and bowel inflammations were also observed. The results reported testify to an acute autoimmune process in the intestines as well as immunosuppression.

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34

Kuzminova, E. V., E. P. Dolgov, M. P. Semenenko, and P. V. Miroshnichenko. "Efficacy of a complex plant-based preparation for poultry mycotoxicosis." Veterinary Science Today, no. 4 (January 13, 2021): 272–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.29326/2304-196x-2020-4-35-272-276.

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The article presents results of efficacy studies for a complex plant-based preparation for poultry mycotoxicosis. Feed additive fibralin contains polysaccharides (dried sugar beet pulp) and phospholipids (rapeseed lecithin) in the proportion 4:1. Eighteen-day-old “Ross-308” broiler chickens with average weight of (665.10 ± 4.28) g were tested, since such mycotoxins as T-2 toxin, zearalenone and aflatoxin B1 were detected in their feeds. Maximum admissible level of each toxin was not exceeded, however, their cumulative effect on poultry resulted in mycotoxicosis. Use of fibralin in the feed (3 kg per one ton) for 10 days reduced clinical signs of intoxication, increased flock survival by 13.5% and stimulated body weight gain by 15.8%. Pharmacological effect of fibralin was demonstrated by improvement of blood morphobiochemical parameters in poultry, i.e. reduction of leukocytes by 19.3% and cholesterol by 13.6%; and an increase in the number of erythrocytes by 19.4%, hemoglobin by 8.1% and calcium by 9.5%. Antitoxin therapy had a positive effect on liver structure and functions and that fact was confirmed by a decrease in aminotransferase level in serum and normal levels of total protein. The data obtained may justify the use of this natural bio-preparation as a product with antitoxic and hepatoprotective properties and the use of fibralin for mycotoxicosis treatment of poultry.

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Kononenko, G. P. "RISK OF FISH MYCOTOXICOSIS IN AQUACULTURE (review)." Sel'skokhozyaistvennaya Biologiya 56, no. 2 (2021): 261–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.15389/agrobiology.2021.2.261eng.

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Nahm, K. H. "Possibilities for preventing mycotoxicosis in domestic fowl." World's Poultry Science Journal 51, no. 2 (1995): 177–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/wps19950012.

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Brown, Tom P., George E. Rottinghaus, and Mark E. Williams. "Fumonisin Mycotoxicosis in Broilers: Performance and Pathology." Avian Diseases 36, no. 2 (1992): 450. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1591528.

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Yusupova, K. V., N. N. Mishina, E. I. Semyonov, G. S. Kashevarov, and Z. H. Sagdeeva. "Screening of adaptogens potentially effective in mycotoxicosis." International Journal of Veterinary Medicine, no. 2 (June 28, 2024): 115–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.52419/issn2072-2419.2024.2.115.

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Microscopic mold fungi are pathogens invisible to the naked eye that secrete dangerous metabolic products – mycotoxins. When exposed to various factors, mycotoxins can accumulate in plant and animal products. Getting into food and, as a result, into a living organism, they can lead to the appearance of mycoses and mycotoxicoses. The most common T-2 toxin of the Russian Federation territory. Due to the impossibility of completely eliminating microscopic fungi, the search for affordable preventive measures with detoxifying, immunostimulating properties remains relevant and promising. The aim of the study was to select adaptogens of various origins and evaluate their effectiveness in T-2 toxicosis of rats. The research was conducted on the basis of mycotoxin laboratory of the Federal state budgetary institution «Federal center for toxicological, radiation and biological safety» (Kazan). The tested adaptogens were echinacea purpurea grass, humic acids, biogenic stimulant ASD-2, zeolite from the Shatrashan deposit of the Republic of Tatarstan, and dry dead bee’s powder. In the course of work, the use of adaptogens such as echinacea purpurea, zeolite and dead bees turned out to be the most effective in relation to the survival of rats with T-2 toxicosis. The expected effect of a uniform increase in body weight of rats occurred, in turn, in groups of adaptogens with sorption capacity (humic acids, zeolite). The most striking positive picture during hematological examination was observed in groups using zeolite and dead bees. Based on the totality of the results obtained, it was concluded that zeolite and dead bees were the most effective in leveling the negative effects of T-2 toxicosis. The results obtained can become the basis for further development of a preventive complex.

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Engelhardt, J. A., W. W. Carlton, A. H. Rebar, and A. W. Hayes. "Rubratoxin B mycotoxicosis in the Syrian hamster." Food and Chemical Toxicology 25, no. 9 (1987): 685–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0278-6915(87)90102-5.

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Engelhardt, J. A., W. W. Carlton, A. H. Rebar, and A. W. Hayes. "Rubratoxin B mycotoxicosis in the Mongolian gerbil." Food and Chemical Toxicology 25, no. 11 (1987): 843–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0278-6915(87)90263-8.

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Assouline-Dayan, Yehudith, Albin Leong, Yehuda Shoenfeld, and M. Eric Gershwin. "Studies of Sick Building Syndrome. IV. Mycotoxicosis." Journal of Asthma 39, no. 3 (2002): 191–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/jas-120002468.

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Hanika, C., W. W. Carlton, E. J. Hinsman, and J. Tuite. "Citrinin Mycotoxicosis in the Rabbit: Ultrastructural Alterations." Veterinary Pathology 23, no. 3 (1986): 245–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030098588602300304.

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Citrinin was given to rabbits as a single oral dose of 120 or 67 mg/kg. Rabbits were killed at 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 hours post dosing, and the kidneys were fixed by intravascular perfusion. Ultrastructural alterations were evident by 4 hours after treatment. In the proximal tubule, alterations were brush border disruption, cytoplasmic rarefaction, and swelling of interdigitating processes. At higher doses, mitochondria were condensed and distorted. Medullary and straight cortical distal tubules had marked distention of the intercellullar spaces and disorganization of interdigitating processes. Changes in cortical and outer medullary collecting ducts were similar but less severe. Renal alterations were suggestive of damage to membrane structure and/or transport functions and interference with cellular bioenergetics. Leukocytic infiltration was associated with damaged tubules indicating a contribution of inflammation to the development of the lesions.

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MAXIMOV, T. P., A. A. KUDRIASHOV, and V. I. BALABANOVA. "PATHOMORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN PIGLETS AT TRICHOTHECENE MYCOTOXICOSIS." PIG-BREEDING, no. 6 (2023): 44–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.37925/0039-713x-2023-6-44-47.

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The aim of the study was to identify pathomorphological changes in combined deoxynivalenol and T-2 toxicosis in piglets of the rearing group. The material of the study was 19 weaned piglets aged 52‒63 days, in which mycotoxicosis was suspected during their lifetime. The material for the study also served as 10 samples of full-grain granular compound feed SK-4 for piglets aged 1.5‒2 months, fed in groups of the studied animals. We conducted a pathoanatomic study using the method of complete evisceration according to G.V. Shor. During the autopsy, liver and kidney samples were taken from piglets for histological examination. The pathological material was fixed in a 10% solution of neutral formalin. Then the filling was carried out in paraffin and sections 5‒7 microns thick were made on a rotary microtome. The sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The quantitative content of mycotoxins in feed samples was determined in the laboratory of biochemical analysis of the Federal Scientific Center All-Russian Scientific Research and Technological Institute of Poultry Farming using the method of high-performance chromatography in tandem with mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). As a result of the study, the content of T-2 toxin in the concentration from 0.03 to 0.89 mg/kg and the presence of deoxynivalenol (DON) toxin in the concentration from 0.5 to 4.9 mg/kg were found in the feed samples, which significantly exceeded the maximum permissible levels of these mycotoxins in pig feed. At the autopsy, hemorrhages, foci of necrosis and erosion in the skin, anemia, foci of necrosis, erosion, hemorrhages, catarrhal inflammation in the stomach, hemorrhages and inflammation in the intestines, pulmonary edema and acute reactive hepatitis were found in piglets. Histological examination of the liver revealed granular and watery dystrophy, necrosis of hepatocytes, leukocyte infiltration of Disse spaces. In the kidneys - watery dystrophy and necrosis of the epithelial cells of the renal tubules.

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MAKSIMOV, T. P., and A. A. KUDRYASHOV. "MONITORING THE PREVALENCE OF MYCOTOXINS IN FEED COMMODITY OF RUSSIA IN 2024." PIG-BREEDING, no. 2 (2025): 4–7. https://doi.org/10.37925/0039-713x-2025-2-4-7.

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Mycotoxins prevalence monitoring results in feed commodity and animal feed are being used on swine poultry, aqua farms presented. Comparison with 2023 investigations results is being conducted. Recommendations on mycotoxicosis prevention adaptation program are provided.

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Figlan, Sandiswa, and Learnmore Mwadzingeni. "Breeding Tools for Assessing and Improving Resistance and Limiting Mycotoxin Production by Fusarium graminearum in Wheat." Plants 11, no. 15 (2022): 1933. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11151933.

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The recently adopted conservation and minimum tillage practices in wheat-production systems coupled with the concomitant warming of the Earth are believed to have caused the upsurges in Fusarium head blight (FHB) prevalence in major wheat-producing regions of the world. Measures to counter this effect include breeding for resistance to both initial infection of wheat and spread of the disease. Cases of mycotoxicosis caused by ingestion of wheat by-products contaminated with FHB mycotoxins have necessitated the need for resistant wheat cultivars that can limit mycotoxin production by the dominant causal pathogen, Fusarium graminearum. This manuscript reviews breeding tools for assessing and improving resistance as well as limiting mycotoxin contamination in wheat to reflect on the current state of affairs. Combining these aspects in wheat research and development promotes sustainable quality grain production and safeguards human and livestock health from mycotoxicosis.

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Chaidoutis, Elias Ath, Olympia Chatzimpirou, Ioannis Migdanis, et al. "Effect of Major Mycotoxins on Public Health Through the Consumption of Cheese Products." Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences 31, no. 6 (2024): 21–33. https://doi.org/10.21315/mjms2024.31.6.3.

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Food safety is a key priority for public health. However, consumer demand for cheese products may expose the population to the risk of mycotoxicosis and cancer, among others. Acute mycotoxicosis and cancer are examples of linked disorders. Among the most frequent toxic agents that enter the human body through food consumption are mycotoxins. This review study highlights the significance of the impact of the most important mycotoxins on public health through the consumption of cheese products. Despite being a poor substrate for mycotoxin development, cheese products have been found to contain harmful toxins. Aflatoxin Μ1 (AFM1 ) and ochratoxin A (OTA) are the main mycotoxins in cheese products, and they are very harmful to human health. Adherence to legislative limits and the implementation of appropriate control measures by food business operators (FBOs) are considered necessary to protect consumers’ health.

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Raghavender, C., and B. Reddy. "Human and animal disease outbreaks in India due to mycotoxins other than aflatoxins." World Mycotoxin Journal 2, no. 1 (2009): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/wmj2008.1066.

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Mycotoxins are gaining increasing importance due to their deleterious effects on human and animal health. Chronic health risks are particularly prevalent in India where the diets of the people are highly prone to mycotoxins due to poor harvesting practices, improper storage and transport coupled with high temperature and moisture. This paper reviews disease outbreaks of mycotoxicoses other than aflatoxins in India due to ingestion of mycotoxincontaminated food. Ergotism is one of the earliest known outbreaks of mycotoxins reported in rural areas of western India associated with pearl millet grain. Trichothecenes have been involved in an acute human mycotoxicosis known as alimentary toxic aleukia in India during 1987 and were attributed to the consumption of mouldy wheat. Deoxynivalenol was implicated in an outbreak of emetic syndrome in Kashmir State. An outbreak of acute foodborne disease caused by fumonisin was reported in south India during 1995 affecting 1,424 people due to contaminated sorghum and maize. Rhizopus toxicosis was reported from Maharashtra State and caused the death of three people. These outbreaks continue to be a significant health problem of people in India, because their poor purchasing power compels them to consume contaminated food.

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Spivak, Maria A., Pavel N. Abramov, and Yulia V. Petrova. "Clinical status of broiler chickens in experimental mycotoxicosis." Veterinariya, Zootekhniya i Biotekhnologiya 5, no. 114 (2023): 42–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.36871/vet.zoo.bio.202305006.

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The article presents the results of a study of the effect of the feed additive Maxisorb® on the clinical status of broiler chickens with experimental mycotoxicosis. Various schemes for the use of feed additives have been tested. It has been established that the feed additive Maxisorb® used in a dosage of 1 kg / ton of feed from 7 days to the moment of slaughter has a positive effect on the clinical status of broiler chickens. Clinical and biochemical blood analysis showed normalization of metabolic processes in the experimental group compared with the control. There was also an increase in live weight and an increased yield of edible parts of broiler chicken meat. A lower feed consumption was established when using a feed additive in the diet. The feed additive Maxisorb® has shown high efficacy for the prevention of mycotoxicosis of broiler chickens.

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Abramov, Pavel N., Anastasiy I. Kalmyk, and Yulia V. Petrova. "Comparative analysis of the effect of feed additives on veterinary and sanitary indicators of rabbit meat in combined mycotoxicosis." Veterinariya, Zootekhniya i Biotekhnologiya 4, no. 125 (2024): 41–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.36871/vet.zoo.bio.202404005.

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The article presents an analysis of the influence of domestic feed additives used for the disinfection of feed from mycotoxins on veterinary and sanitary indicators of rabbit meat. Two types of adsorbents with a high content of montmorillonite were used in the experiment. The object of the study was rabbits with combined mycotoxicosis, which were injected with feed additives that adsorb mycotoxins. It was found that the «Afluxid®» feed additive used in a dosage of 1 kg/ton of feed for 28 days before slaughter has a more effective effect on the veterinary and sanitary indicators of rabbit meat. Organoleptic indicators are better in the group where the feed additive «Maxisorb®» is used. The best indicators of slaughter yield were established in the groups where feed additives were used compared to the control. Domestic feed additives have shown high efficacy in combined mycotoxicosis of rabbits.

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Chernykh, Oleg Yu, Yury D. Drobin, Nikolay A. Soldatenko, Leonid N. Fetisov, Ekaterina A. Sazonova, and Aleksanr A. Lysenko. "Pathomorphological changes at experimental mycotoxicosis in broiler chickens." Veterinaria Kubani, no. 1 (February 27, 2020): 23–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.33861/2071-8020-2020-1-23-25.

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Summary. Data on the effect of mycotoxins on the organism of broiler chickens, and the indirect effect of offal obtained from poultry, fed with mixed feed infected with mycotoxins, that people eat were analyzed in the article. In particular, it has been proved that in experimental DON-toxicosis and experimental citrinin-toxicosis in broiler chickens, these toxins are able to cumulate in organs and tissues and cause clinical and pathological changes. DON exceeded the maximum allowable level for chickens more than 2 times, citrinin exceeded the MDL by more than 20 times. In the first experimental group, the incidence rate of poultry reached 83.3% by the 7th day of feeding and mortality - 52.2% of the number of cases. During the autopsy of the dead chickens it was found that the liver was blood-filled, with areas of necrosis, the gall bladder was full of bile, the muscular wall of the atria was thinned. At experimental citrinin toxicosis, as well as in the first experimental group, diarrhea with an admixture of blood was observed in chickens. At the autopsy there was inflammation of the small and large intestines, the liver was blood-filled, and the intestines were hyperemic. For deoxynivalenol, the fact of accumulation of this mycotoxin in the tissues of the organs of chickens of the 1st group was reliably established. The data on the accumulation in the organs and tissues of broiler chickens of other mycotoxins in our experiments were unreliable and require additional studies.

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