Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Myeloproliferative syndrome'
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Sohal, Jastinder. "The molecular analysis of the BP11 myeloproliferative syndrome." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.395537.
Full textMansier, Olivier. "Etude de la calréticuline dans les syndromes myéloprolifératifs : de la détermination de la charge allélique aux mécanismes de dégradation des variants protéiques." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0832/document.
Full textMutations in the calreticulin gene (CALR), encoding for an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) resident protein, have recently been discovered in myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN). They are associated with an increased cell proliferation, specifically in the megakaryocytic lineage. This is the result of a constitutive activation of the JAK-STAT and MAP kinase pathways, following the interaction of mutant calreticulin proteins with the thrombopoietin receptor. Several studies have demonstrated that these mutated proteins are faintly expressed in cells, but none have determined the impact of their expression on ER homeostasis, nor addressed the actors at play in their degradation. In this work, we showed that the expression of mutated CALR proteins does not significantly disturb ER equilibrium, nor does it change the cellular sensitivity to ER stress-induced apoptosis. We next demonstrated in different models including cells committed towards megakaryocytic differentiation that the poor intracellular levels of variant CALR proteins are neither due to enhanced secretion into the extracellular medium, nor to transcriptional defects. This low-level expression is mainly the result of increased degradation, involving the ERAD-proteasome pathway. In this process, the recognition of glycan motifs is not engaged, but EDEM3 seems to be a key component as its extinction increases the expression levels of variant forms of CALR. Modulating this degradation process could represent a therapeutic option for MPN patients
Norton, Alice E. "Study of the haematology of children with down syndrome anthe role of GATA1 in the biology of transient myeloproliferative disorder and active megakaryoblastic leukaemia." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.669964.
Full textHasan, Salma. "JAK2V617F-positive Myeloproliferative Neoplasms : KI mouse models, Interferon-α therapy and clonal architecture." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00918966.
Full textMazzi, Stefania. "Study of the role of the methyltransferase EZH2 in normal and pathological megakaryopoiesis." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. https://theses.md.univ-paris-diderot.fr/MAZZI_Stefania_2_complete_20180926.pdf.
Full textThe process that leads to platelet production is called megakaryopoiesis. Megakaryocytes (MK) are the large bone marrow cells that produce platelets by fragmentation in the blood flow. The extrinsic and intrinsic regulation of megakaryopoiesis has been largely studied. However, the epigenetic regulation remains poorly known although numerous mutations in genes of epigenetic regulators have been found in patients with MK hematological malignancies. The methyltransferase EZH2, the catalytic component of Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) is among the most studied epigenetic regulators. EZH2 is also mutated in many malignant hematological disorders where it can be an oncogene or a tumor suppressor gene. Particularly in ET (Essential Thrombocythemia) and PMF (Primary Myelofibrosis), two myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) that affect mainly the MK lineage, loss of function EZH2 mutations have been found as well as in DS-AMKL (Down syndrome acute megakaryoblastic leukemia)Altogether these observations suggest that EZH2 controls normal megakaryopoiesis and characterization of this function could be helpful to understand the role of EZH2 in MK malignant diseases.This thesis can be divided in two parts:1) Characterization of the role of EZH2 in normal and pathological megakaryopoiesis 2) Establishment of a cellular tool to study the cooperation between the different mutations of DS-AMKL. RESULTS1) Using CD34+ cells isolated from cord blood, we showed that at early stages of differentiation, EZH2 inhibition accelerates the acquisition of MK surface markers (CD41a and CD42a) without increasing proliferation suggesting that EZH2 regulates the specification towards the MK lineage. Later in differentiation the constant inhibition of EZH2 via inhibitors or shRNAs, produced a proliferation arrest and a decrease in ploidy level that was related to an arrest in DNA replication due to an upregulation of several CDKi (Cyclin dependent kinase inhibitors), more particularly CDKN2D. Chip-Seq analysis demonstrated that CDKN2D is effectively regulated by H3K27me3 and is a new target of PRC2. This inhibition of ploidization by EZH2 inhibition was confirmed in MK from JAK2V617F patients. Furthermore in the more mature MKs (normal or JAK2V617F) we observed a defect in proplatelet formation, which was associated with an abnormal expression of genes regulating the actin filament. 2) By CRISPR-Cas 9, in iPSCs either disomic or chromosome 21 trisomic, we introduced, the GATA1s mutation present in all DS-AMKL patients. We confirmed at the gene and protein level that this genome editing has been correctly performed and that it induces as previously observed a blockage in erythroid differentiation. We are now carrying out the complete functional characterization together with the introduction of other mutations of DS-AMKL including EZH2.CONCLUSIONThis study describes EZH2 as a regulator of megakaryopoiesis via an initial control of cell specification and then of MK maturation. These results will be useful to better understand the role that EZH2 plays in diseases affecting the MK lineage such as MPNs and DS-AMKL
Poisson, Johanne. "Physiopathologie des évènements cardiovasculaires chez les malades atteints de syndrome myéloprolifératif Bcr/Abl-négatif Erythrocyte microvesicles increase arterial contraction in JAK2V617F myeloproliferative neoplasms Endothelial JAK2V617F does not enhance liver lesions in mice with Budd-Chiari syndrome Selective testing for calreticulin gene mutations in patients with splanchnic vein thrombosis: a prospective cohort study." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. https://wo.app.u-paris.fr/cgi-bin/WebObjects/TheseWeb.woa/wa/show?t=2193&f=13305.
Full textClassical myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are clonal hematopoietic diseases. The sporadic mutation JAK2V617F is present in 80% of patients. JAK2V617F has recently been demonstrated in endothelial cells. The second most frequent mutations are Calreticulin mutations (CALR). Cardiovascular events are the leading cause of death in patients with MPNs (2/3 arterial and 1/3 venous). Venous events are characterized by a particularly high frequency of unusual sites involvement, such as splanchnic veins thrombosis (hepatic veins (Budd-Chiari syndrome) or portal vein). Mechanisms responsible for these cardiovascular events in patients with MPNs are poorly understood. The phenotypic and functional consequences of JAK2V617F mutation in endothelial cells have not been evaluated. The overall objective of this work is to better understand the pathophysiology of cardio-vascular events associated with MPNs. On the arterial side, I have shown, through myography experiments, that mouse aorta carrying JAK2V617F both in their hematopoietic and endothelial cells display a very strong increased vasoconstrictive response whereas this effect is not observed when the mutation is only endothelial. I then isolated circulating microvesicles from patients carrying JAK2V617F mutation and observed that these microvesicles reproduce the increased arterial vasoconstrictive response. I subsequently showed that only microvesicles from red blood cells carrying the JAK2V617F mutation were responsible for this effect. I then analysed the mechanisms involved and determined that this vascular hyperreactivity is endothelial-dependent via NO synthases inhibition. In addition, I also found a strong increase in oxidative stress in the aortic endothelium of mouse carrying the JAK2V617F mutation compared to wild-type mice, suggesting that the NO pathway inhibition results from oxidative stress induced by red blood cells microvesicles. These data prompted us to evaluate new therapeutics, such as statins, which are anti-cholesterolemic molecules that have antioxidant effect beneficial to endothelial function. I have shown that the use of simvastatin in mice carrying the JAK2V617F mutation significantly decreases this vascular hyperreactivity compared to control. My results suggest that patients with MPNs may have an increased arterial vasoconstrictive response induced by erythrocytes microvesicles and that new therapies such as statins may be promising. On the venous side, by analysing a prospective cohort of 312 patients with splanchnic thrombosis, I was able to determine the prevalence of CALR mutations in this population (2%) and identify a group of patients (those without JAK2V617F and having a spleen >or= 16cm and platelets> 200G / L) in which the search for CALR mutations must be performed. These criteria have an excellent negative predictive value (100%) and 96% of useless tests could be avoided. I confirmed these criteria through European collaboration in a Spanish validation cohort of 209 patients. I also focused on determining the role of endothelial JAK2V617F in hepatic consequences of hepatic veins thrombosis. We have shown that the presence of the JAK2V617F mutation in the endothelium does not worsen the development of hepatic lesions secondary to Budd-Chiari syndrome, nor in terms of hepatic fibrosis nor in terms of portal hypertension
Chauveau, Aurélie. "Identification des mutations à visée diagnostique et pronostique dans les néoplasies myéloprolifératives et impact sur l'épissage alternatif Sequential analysis of 18 genes in polycythemia vera and essential thrombocythemia reveals an association between mutational status and clinical outcome, in Genes chromosomes & cancer 56(5), May 2017 Benefits and pitfalls of pegylated interferon-α2a therapy in patients with myeloproliferative neoplasm-associated myelofibrosis: a French Intergroup of Myeloproliferative neoplasms (FIM) study, in Haematologica 103, March 2018." Thesis, Brest, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BRES0042.
Full textPolycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocythemia (ET) and primary myelofibrosis (PMF) are a group of Philadelphia-negative myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN). These diseases share a common mutation, JAK2 V617F, in varying proportions. The mutated JAK2 protein has a constitutive tyrosine kinase activity, implicated in the physiopathology of MPN. This mutation alone does not explain the phenotypic heterogeneity within MPN.High throughput sequencing techniques helped understanding the physiopathology. This work aimed to identify additional mutations in two patient cohorts related to the aggravation risk of the disease. The first one consisted of patients in chronic phase (JAK2 V617F ET and PV), the second consisted in patients with myelofibrosis treated with interferon. Like other studies, we have shown that the number of mutations and the presence of additional mutations are associated with disease progression or with response to treatment. Some identified mutations could influence splicing. The second part of this work aimed at studying the putative impact of the JAK2 V617F mutation, on alternative splicing (AS).We also analyzed global AS profiles in ET. JAK2 exon 14 skipping has been described in NMP patients with or without the JAK2 V617F mutation.This mutation was predicted to alter the binding site of the SRSF6 splice-regulating protein. We observed that exon 14 skipping was an uncommon event in patients, in part related to SR protein expression. In addition, our transcriptomic-wide analysis showed a great heterogeneity between the patients with respect to both gene expression and splicing. This prevented us from identifying any characteristic profile. These results underscore the importance of identifying additional mutations at diagnosis and during follow-up. We have also been able to uncover some alternative transcripts associated with the presence of these mutations.The functional role of these variants remains to be defined
Le, Bousse-Kerdiles Caroline. "Etude physiopathologique du syndrome myeloproliferatif provoque par le virus sarcomatogene myeloproliferatif murin : mise en evidence d'une activite stimulant la proliferation et la differenciation des cellules souches hematopoietiques pluripotentes." Paris 7, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA077220.
Full textHenderson, Samantha [Verfasser], Claus-Henning [Akademischer Betreuer] Köhne, and Jochen [Akademischer Betreuer] Casper. "Treosulfan, Fludarabine and Cytarabine as a Conditioning Regimen for Allogeneic Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukaemia, Myelodysplastic Syndrome and Myeloproliferative Neoplasms / Samantha Henderson ; Claus-Henning Köhne, Jochen Casper." Oldenburg : BIS der Universität Oldenburg, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1228535612/34.
Full textCHAMI, SOUMAYA. "Association d'un syndrome myeloproliferatif et d'un syndrome lymphoproliferatif chronique : a propos de trois cas." Aix-Marseille 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989AIX20389.
Full textLambert, Juliette. "Potentiel thérapeutique de l'activation du récepteur nucléaire PPARgamma dans la myélofibrose." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS536.
Full textPrimary myelofibrosis (PMF) is a non BCR-ABL myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) associated with poor quality of life and reduced survival. Current treatments are mainly symptomatic and have little effect on the natural history of the disease. PMF results from complex interactions between the emergence of a hematopoietic malignant clone, an inflammatory context and the remodeling of the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment. Each of these axes is a potential therapeutic target. Here, we evaluated the therapeutic potential of PPARγ ligands in three murine models of myelofibrosis and we showed that PPARγ ligands improve hematological and histological changes related to myelofibrosis phenotype. Then, we explored each axis of the pathophysiology. We showed that PPARγ ligands have an anti-proliferative effect and limit the proliferation of the malignant clone in murine models of MPNs, in JAK2V617F cell lines and in hematopoietic progenitors from MPNs patients. PPARγ ligands also decrease leukocytosis related to the inflammatory phenotype of MPNs and modify the transcription of inflammatory genes. Finally, we demonstrated that PPARγ ligands have a protective effect on BM stroma. They counteract the signaling pathway of TGF-β1, a major cytokine in BM fibrosis development, by moving the p300 cofactor of transcription from the TGF-β1 pathway to the PPARγ pathway. By its action on the three components of the pathophysiology, activation of PPARγ pathway is a relevant therapeutic target in PMF
MIOMANDRE, BRUNO. "Association des syndromes myeloproliferatifs chroniques et des syndromes lymphoproliferatifs chroniques : a propos de trois observations." Rennes 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993REN1M007.
Full textChampion-Suntharalingam, K. M. "Aspects of molecular analysis in myeloproliferative disorders and myelodysplastic syndromes." Thesis, Anglia Ruskin University, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.342919.
Full textARNAUD, DESPLATS ODILE. "Histamine plasmatique au cours des syndromes myeloproliferatifs : variations au cours d'un test de douche." Aix-Marseille 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989AIX20251.
Full textBlanc-Raux, Françoise. "Syndrome myéloprolifératif familial : étude de 4 familles." Montpellier 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON11079.
Full textOrvain, Corentin. "Elaboration de nouveaux outils pour le diagnostic et le pronostic des patients atteints de syndrome myéloprolifératif. Circulating Cd34+ cell count differentiates primary myelofibrosis from other Philadelphia-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms: a pragmatic study Sequential mutational evaluation of CALR-mutated myelopro-liferative neoplasms with thrombocytosis reveals an associa-tion between CALR allele burden evolution and diseaseprogression." Thesis, Angers, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ANGE0043.
Full textVarious scoring systems have been successively elaborated to predict outcome of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). However, no link has been identified between those scores and CML biology. We show that high-risk patients have high GATA2 levels, in correlation with higher baseline basophil and platelet counts, two parameters used to calculate prognostic scores, and expression of genes involved in basophils. GATA2 expression increases in accelerated and myeloidblast-phase. Since some patients can now stop treatment, with a near 50% success rate, it is necessary to reevaluate the way we assess prognosis. A 6-month optimal molecular response was associated with an increased discontinuation attempt rate in our cohort. While the diagnosis of CML is fairly easy, it is often difficult to distinguish essential thrombocythemia (ET), pre-myelofibrosis and myelofibrosis. The numeration of CD34+ circulating cells is of interest in this setting : we show that a number < 10/μ excludes the diagnosis of myelofibrosis with a very good sensitivity (97%) and good specificity (90%). In a cohort of patients with ET and CALR mutation, We show that an increase in allele burden, and not additional mutations at diagnosis or during follow-up,is associated with an increased risk of progression. All of these parameters will be evaluated in a prospective multicentric study in order to elaborate a non-invasive diagnostic score to distinguish TE, pre-myélofibrosis, and myelofibrosis
Lexcellent, Sylvie Teillard. "Le Syndrome hyperéosinophilique primitif myéloprolifératif : à propos d'un cas suivi pendant 8 ans." Montpellier 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988MON11082.
Full textAsimakopoulos, Fotios A. "Molecular analysis of chromosome 20q deletions associated with myeloproliferative disorders and myelodysplastic syndromes." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.388490.
Full textHorn, Thomas. "Die Rolle der aktivierenden Mutation JAK 2 V617F bei chronisch-myeloproliferativen Syndromen." kostenfrei, 2009. http://mediatum2.ub.tum.de/node?id=684079.
Full textMEZIANE, MESSAOUDA. "Thromboses de la veine porte et mesenterique et syndromes myeloproliferatifs latents." Amiens, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991AMIEM075.
Full textIanotto, Jean-Christophe. "Néoplasies myéloprolifératives et thromboses : épidémiologie et identification des facteurs de risque." Thesis, Brest, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BRES0017.
Full textThe myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) are clonal myeloid, chronic and proliferative disorders. The most frequent are polycythemia vera and essential thrombocythemia. The more frequent complications are thromboses (arterial and venous) and phenotypic evolutions (secondary myelofibrosis and acute leukemia). Thromboses can be a situation of diagnosis or observed during the followup of a MPN. This thesis is focused on the clinical link between MPN and thromboses.In a context of idiopathic venous thromboses (first event or recurrence), without medical history of MPN, we have tested patients for the most frequent MPN clonal mutations. So, we have used the informations and patients of the dedicated EDITH cohort.On the other hand, we have constituted a MPN database (OBENE) of the patients diagnosed for MPN in our Hospitalcentre. By this way, we have analysed the frequency and impact of atrial arrhythmias, the benefit-risk balance of the use of DOAC, the impact of statins to reduce the thrombotic risk and the frequency and impact of the treatment nonadherence in this population.MPN and thromboses are linked, so it is necessary to increase our knowledge of their physiopathology to improve prevention and treatment of the events. This thesis brings some answers to some questions but, she is almost the starting point of common reflexion between clinicians and biologists interested in these domains
Lesteven, Elodie. "Mécanisme d'action de l'interferon-alpha dans les néoplasies myeloproliferatives : cellules souches et oligoclonalité." Paris 7, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA077065.
Full textMyeloproliferative neoplasms (MNPs) are chronic myeloid malignancies who originate from an oligoclonal process involving the hematopoietic stem cell. Recent studies have shown differential impact of IFNa on JAK2vF and/or TET2 gene mutated clones. We studied IFNa impact on hematopoiesis to explain such a therapeutic difference. Induced pluripotent stem tells (iPS), able to differentiate in an lineages, are powerful tools to answer our question. We adapted and applied two distinct hematopoietic differentiation protocols using a JAK2 wild-type iPS cell line and a JAK2vF mutated iPS cell line. Regarding JAK2VF iPS cell line-derived tells, we have shown that we obtain hemato-endothelial bipotent stel tells giving rise to functional endothelial tells and ail myeloid cell types. As observed in polycythemia or essential thrombocythemia patients, EPO and TPO hypersensitivity and independency are found. IFNa impact on these derived tells hematopoiesis showed a decrease in erythropoiesis. Different assumptions concerning its mechanism of action are discusses and are on-going work. We have also participated to the molecular characterization of patients in order to understand therapeutic response variability. A collaborative work allowed us to define a new polymorphism in the SH2B3 gene associated with the JAK2VF mutation presence among MNPs patients
Broséus, Julien. "Approche génomique des syndromes myéloprolifératifs et des lymphomes B-diffus à grandes cellules en rechute." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0140.
Full textGenomics provided new insights in our knowledge of pathophysiology, diagnostic approach, prognosis and therapeutic perspectives in hematological malignancies. In the first part of this work, we studied a large cohort of Refractory Anemia with Ring sideroblasts and marked Thrombocytosis (RARS-T). We demonstrated that RARS-T can be considered as an independent entity, with a specific molecular pattern, associating : (i) SF3B1 mutations in more than 85% of cases, accounting for its myelodysplastic aspect and (ii) JAK2 mutations, accounting for its myeloproliferative aspect in more than 50% of cases. Future prospects of the first part of this work is to identify (the) mutation(s) responsible for the myeloproliferative part of JAK2WT RARS-T. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in adults. In the second part of this work, we performed SNP-array analysis of a homogeneous series of samples from the CORAL cohort, an international prognostic study on relapsed DLBCLs. Our purpose was to identify Copy Number Variations (CNV) associated ER or LR. ER DLBCLs are associated with high rates of CNVs affecting regulators of cell cycle, apoptosis and transcription. In LR DLBCLs, CNVs are related to immune response and cell proliferation. This study provides new insights into the genetic aberrations in relapsed DLBCLs and open up new therapeutic perspectives
Socoro, Yuste Nuria. "Dérégulations protéomiques et fonctionnelles des Syndromes Myéloproliferatifs Philadephia négatifs." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAS018/document.
Full textBesides genetic abnormalities, several studies have reported protein alterations in Ph-Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) which could participate to the clinical phenotype of patients. Nevertheless, little is known about protein alterations in these pathologies. In this context, we used an integrative proteomic approach to decipher the landscape of the erythrocyte and granulocyte proteome abnormalities that could be related to functional cell alterations and to MPN physiopathology. We could identify significant protein deregulations that varied not only according to genetic status JAK2(+), JAK2(-) or CALR(+) but also among JAK2(+) MPNs or depending on the JAK2V617F allele burden. These protein deregulations involved pathway alterations such as the IQGAP1/Rho GTPase signaling that could be related to thrombosis via alterations on the membrane integrity by deregulation of PAK1 or the actin cytoskeleton signaling. ROS or mTOR signaling alterations were also identified in granulocytes. Finally, we stress out that CALR protein could have a dual oncogenic role through its up-regulation in JAK2V617F MPNs different from its altered function described in CALR mutated patients. Altogether, we showed that proteomic deregulations might play an important oncogenic role in MPN physiopathology and could be implicated in complication as thrombotic accidents
Thibert, Valérie. "Etude quantitative et fonctionnelle du cd36 exprime par les plaquettes sanguines humaines. Application aux syndromes myeloproliferatifs." Paris 7, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA077151.
Full textBrecqueville, Mandy. "Caractérisation moléculaire des syndromes myéloprolifératifs non leucémie myéloïde chronique." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM5043/document.
Full textMyeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) are chronic and clonal stem cell myeloid disorders, which can evolve to acute myeloid leukemia (AML). MPN non-chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) include Polycythemia Vera (PV), Essential Thrombocythemia (ET) and Myelofibrosis (MF) (primary or secondary to PV/ET). JAK2V617F mutation is found in 97% of PV and in around half of patients with ET or MF. Nevertheless, this mutation is not essential for MPN physiopathology, because in half of ET/MF cases, JAK2 is not mutated. To progress in the knowledge of MPN physiopathology and in particular of MF; and to find new molecular markers for MPN diagnosis, disease course, and prognosis, we studied several samples of PV, ET, MF and post-AML. We used gene sequencing, array-Comparative Genomic Hybridization (aCGH) and gene expression analyses. We identified several mutations in genes implicated in Epigenetic regulation (ASXL1, TET2, DNMT3A, SUZ12) and in genes implicated in the RNA splicing machinery (SF3B1, SRSF2). We also found that JAK2 and ASXL1 co-mutation is associated with a poor prognosis. In MF, we found by aCGH several copy number aberrations that involve potential leukemogenic genes. Our gene expression data support the hypothesis that PV, ET and MF are a continuum of the same pathology. Our results on molecular characterization help establish a new molecular classification of MPNs with the objective personalized treatment where each MPN will be treated depending on the alterations present in the myeloid cell genome
Saliba, Joseph. "Modélisation des néoplasmes myéloprolifératifs sporadiques et familiaux avec les cellules de patients induites à la pluripotence." Thesis, Paris 11, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA11T061.
Full textMyeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) are clonal hematologic diseases which lead to an overproduction of blood cells. The affected myeloid lineage depends on the type of MPN. JAK2V617F is the most predominant mutation in MPN and can be associated with various sporadic and familial cases.One main issue to address in MPN is to understand how a single mutation JAK2V617F can give rise to several diseases. Our hypothesis is that this phenotypic heterogeneity might be due to the JAK2V617F gene dosage. Another goal is to identify the genetic cause of familial MPN.For these reasons, we modeled sporadic and familial MPN cases with iPS technology. This approach allowed us i) to compare the impact of heterozygous and homozygous JAK2V617F mutation on hematopoiesis and ii) to get insight into the effects of a 5 genes duplication that we identified as a susceptibility locus uncovered by a genetic approach in 2 families.In the first part of the work concerning sporadic MPN modeling, we showed that JAK2V617F increases iPS myeloid potential. Furthermore, we showed a marked difference in the TPO and EPO hypersensitivity between heterozygous and homozygous JAK2V617F iPS cell lines that could be linked to the difference between PV and ET. In the second part of the work, we demonstrated a specific phenotype due to the sole duplication. This model will allow us to identify the gene(s) responsible of the phenotype. This study brings the proof of concept that iPS can be used for sporadic and familial MPN modeling and drug screening
COLIN, MICOUIN ANNE. "P95 v a v et la signalisation par les interferons de type i dans les lignees megacaryocytaires ; implications dans un syndrome myeloproliferatif humain : la splenomegalie myeloide." Paris 7, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA077044.
Full textSecardin, Lise. "Modélisation des néoplasmes myéloprolifératifs grâce aux cellules souches induites à la pluripotence (IPSC)." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC313/document.
Full textMyeloproliferative neoplasms (NMP) are hematological malignancies that lead to an ovrproduction of one or more myeloid lineages. They are driving by mutations in MPLl/jak2 signaling pathway, mainly JAK2V617F, MPL, and more recently calreticulin (CARL), with two main mutations being calrdel52 and calrins5. These signaling mutations are sometimes associated with epigenetic mutations, the major one being in tet2. The objective of my thesis was to study the role of TET2 and CALRdel52 in MPN thanks to an induced pluripotent stem cells (IPSC) model. In the first part i demonstrated the role of TET2 in reprogramming process, probably independently of the catalytic domain. In the second part i demonstrated that CALRdel52 induced a TPO hypersensitivity and a TPO indenpendant growth of the megakaryocytic progenitors as well as a hyperproliferation of the megakaryocytes. This phenotype is associated with a constitutive activation of stat3 and ERK. A G-CSF independent growth of the granulocyte was also demonstrated. In conclusion this work underline the role of an epegenetic factor, TET2, in the reprogramming process and demonstrate the role of CALRdel52in MPN with an endogenous expression model
Chung, Eva. "The Role of MEK in Leukemogenesis." Diss., 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10161/5684.
Full textHematopoiesis is the continual process of blood cell generation that primarily occurs in the bone marrow of adult animals. Hematologic neoplasms can also occur in the bone marrow and often result from dysregulation of signal transduction pathways. One example is the activation of the Ras oncogene, which has been linked to a variety of different cancers, including hematologic neoplasms. Ras is located proximal to the cell membrane and can activate many downstream effector pathways, thus it is difficult to determine which downstream pathway is mediating oncogenic Ras function. My thesis work focused on the effect of inappropriate activation of MEK/ERK, a downstream Ras effector pathway, in the hematopoietic system.
Using a retroviral transduction system, we expressed a constitutively active form of MEK1 in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Mice transplanted with HSCs expressing active MEK developed a lethal myelodysplastic syndrome/myeloproliferative disease (MDS/MPN) characterized by the expansion of granulocytes/macrophages (GM) at the expense of lymphoid cell development. Transplantation of active MEK-induced MDS/MPNs into naïve mice did not result in further disease, suggesting that the MDS/MPN is not a frank leukemia.
Bcl-2 is an anti-apoptotic molecule that has been shown to play a role in leukemia development and maintenance. Coupling expression of active MEK and Bcl-2 resulted in MDS/MPNs that were phenotypically identical and had very similar disease onset compared to active MEK-induced MDS/MPNs. However, transplantation of Bcl-2/active MEK-induced MDS/MPNs did not result in a myeloid disease; rather, it resulted in the development of T-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) that was marked by activated Notch signaling.
These results led us to conclude that activation of MEK/ERK was sufficient to cause a pre-leukemic myeloid disease; however, additional oncogenic factors, such as Bcl-2 and Notch, were necessary for frank leukemia development. Moreover, additional oncogenic factors can alter the disease phenotype and disease course. Future analysis of the interplay between oncogenic factors will help shed light on disease development and aid in the development of more effective cancer treatments.
Dissertation
Unger, Katja. "Beziehung zwischen transitorischem myeloproliferativen Syndrom und Leukämie bei Kindern mit Down Syndrom /." 2005. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=015045251&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
Full textHorn, Thomas [Verfasser]. "Die Bedeutung der aktivierenden Mutation JAK2 V617F bei chronisch-myeloproliferativen Syndromen / Thomas Horn." 2009. http://d-nb.info/997651156/34.
Full textStein, Stephanie B. "Immunhistochemische Verteilung von lymphoiden Zellen im Knochenmark von myelodysplastischen Syndromen (MDS) versus myeloproliferativen Erkrankungen : eine immunhistochemische Analyse /." 2007. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=016094663&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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